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Yosman: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "{{privatelang}} {{construction}} Category: Germanic languagesCategory: West Germanic languagesCategory: LanguagesCategory: ConlangsCategory: A_posteriori {{Infobox language |image = Unknown flag.svg |imagesize = 185px |imagecaption = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea |name = Yosman |nativename = ځوېٓسِنہ<br>Gwýsene |pronunciation = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ |states = Nabataea |se..."
 
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|imagecaption      = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
|imagecaption      = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
|name              = Yosman
|name              = Yosman
|nativename        = ځوېٓسِنہ<br>Gwýsene
|nativename        = غوېٓسِنہ<br>Ghwűsene
|pronunciation    = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ
|pronunciation    = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ
|states            = Nabataea
|states            = Nabataea
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|script1          = Arab
|script1          = Arab
|stand1            = Standard Yosman (---)
|stand1            = Standard Yosman (---)
|dia1              = Northern Yoesman (''--'')
|dia1              = Northern Yosman (''--'')
|dia2              = Central Yosman (''--'')
|dia2              = Central Yosman (''--'')
|dia3              = Southern Yoesman (''--'')
|dia3              = Southern Yosman (''--'')
|dia4              = Western Yoesman (''--'')
|dia4              = Western Yosman (''--'')
|nation            = Nabataea
|nation            = Nabataea
|notice            = IPA
|notice            = IPA
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}}
}}


'''Yosman''' (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, ''th'Tundj Gwýsene'', /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as '''Nabataean''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] belonging to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic languages]], with [[w:English language|Englisc]] being the second.
'''Yosman''' (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, ''th'Tundj Ghwűsene'', /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as '''Nabataean''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] belonging to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic languages]], with [[w:English language|Englisc]] being the second.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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==History==
==History==
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
The endonym "ځوېٓسِنہ" (''Gwýsene'') is derived from ځوېٓسِن (''Gwýsen, "a Yosman"''), from Middle Gwýsene جِٔويسّمَن (''gewissman''), a fossilization of جِٔويسّ (''gewiss, "[[w:Gewisse|Geuisse]]"'') + مُن (''mon, "man"''), from Old Gwýsene ''yws mn'' (/yewisse monn/), from Old English [[wikt:gewiss#Old_English|Ġewisse]] [[wikt:monn#Old_English|monn]].
The endonym "غوېٓسِنہ" (''Ghwűsene'') is derived from غوېٓسِن (''Ghwűsen, "a Yosman"''), from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''), a fossilization of غِويسّ (''ɣewiss, "[[w:Gewisse|Geuisse]]"'') + مُن (''mon, "man"''), from Old Yosman ''yws mn'' (/yewisse monn/), from Old English [[wikt:gewiss#Old_English|Ġewisse]] [[wikt:monn#Old_English|monn]].


The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Gwýsene جِٔويسّمَن (''gewissman''). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.
The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.


==Old Phrygian==
===Old Yosman===


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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====Pre-Modern vowels====
====Pre-Modern vowels====
====Modern vowels====
====Modern vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ '''Standard Yosman vowels'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="4" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="2" | [[w:Roundedness|Unrounded]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Roundedness|Rounded]]
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
|
| iː
|
| yː
|
| uː<sup>[1]</sup>
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close-Mid vowel|Close-Mid]]
| ɪ
| eː
| ʏ
| øː
| ʊ<sup>[1]</sup>
| oː
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open-Mid vowel|Open-Mid]]
| ɛ
|
| œ
|
| ɔ
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| ɐ
| æː
| colspan="2" |
|
| ɑː
|}
# nonnative phonemes
====Dialectical variations====
====Dialectical variations====
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
====Pre-Modern consonants====
====Pre-Modern consonants====
====Modern consonants====
====Modern consonants====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Standard Yosman consonants'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:normal;" |
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[w:Post-lveolar consonant|Post-alveolar]]
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | m
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | n
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Plosive|Plosive]]/[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | p
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | t
| t͡ʃ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | k
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | b
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | d
| d͡ʒ<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɡ<sup>[2]</sup>
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | f
| θ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | s
| ʃ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ç)<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | x
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | v
| ð
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | z
| ʒ<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ʝ)<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɣ
|-
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | r
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
|
|
| ɾ
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | w
|
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ɹ)<sup>[4]</sup> (l)<sup>[5]</sup>
| j<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɫ
|}
# nonnative phonemes
# [ɡ] also surfaces as an allophone of /ɣ/ before a lateral consonant.
# allophones of /x ɣ/ near front vowels.
# allophone of /r ɾ/ post-vocalically.
# allophone of /ɫ/ when both word-final or word-initial and near front vowel.
====Dialectical variations====
====Dialectical variations====


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