Linguifex

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions

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       |label1=''Homo neanderthalensis'' (?)|state1=dashed
       |label1=''Homo neanderthalensis'' (?)|state1=dashed
       |1={{clade
       |1={{clade
         |label1=''Eastern European (?)''|state1=dashed
         |label1=Eastern European (?)|state1=dashed
             |1={{clade
             |1={{clade
               |1=xǂəʙ|state1=dashed
               |1=xǂəʙ|state1=dashed
               }}
               }}
         |label2=''Western European (?)''|state2=dashed
         |label2=Western European (?)|state2=dashed
             |2={{clade
             |2={{clade
               |1=bǁēɳ|state1=dashed
               |1=bǁēɳ|state1=dashed
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=== Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V] ===
=== Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V] ===


*=əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [indefinite])
*=əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb)
*=ɐʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [imperfective])
 
*=ɨʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [perfective])
{| class="wikitable"
|+Verbal and auxiliar ablaut patterns
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Realis
! rowspan="2" |Irrealis
|-
!Imperfective
!Perfective
|-
! rowspan="2" |Finitive
!Positive
|*-a-
|*-i-
|*-e-
|-
!Negative
|*-ɑ-
|*-u-
|*-o-
|-
! colspan="2" |Infinitive
|*-ɐ-
|*-ɨ-
|*-ə-
|}


=== Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV) ===
=== Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV) ===
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|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə
|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|*-i- / *-u-
|*-i- / *-u-
|-
|-
!Genitive
!Genitive-Oblique
|*-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)-
|*-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)-
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)-
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)-
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Numerals
|+Numerals
! colspan="2" |Numbers
!Cardinal
!Ordinal
|-
|-
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
! rowspan="5" |First set
!1
|
|
|-
|-
| 1 || Example || Example
!2
|
|
|-
|-
| 2 || Example || Example
!3
|
|
|-
|-
| 3 || Example || Example
!4
|
|
|-
|-
| 4 || Example || Example
!5
|
|
|-
|-
| 5 || Example || Example
! rowspan="5" |Second set
!6
|
|
|-
|-
| 6 || Example || Example
!7
|
|
|-
|-
| 7 || Example || Example
!8
|
|
|-
|-
| 8 || Example || Example
!9
|
|
|-
|-
| 9 || Example || Example
!10
|
|
|-
|-
| 10 || Example || Example
! rowspan="5" |Third set
!11
|
|
|-
!12
|
|
|-
!13
|
|
|-
!14
|
|
|-
!15
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |Fourth set
!16
|
|
|-
!17
|
|
|-
|-
| 11 || Example || Example
!18
|
|
|-
|-
| 12 || Example || Example
!19
|
|
|-
|-
| 13 || Example || Example
!20
|
|
|}
 
 
== Reconstructed lexicon ==
 
Some possible etymological relationships with other reconstructed language families can be seen in the notes. The captions are as follows: [EA] Eurasiatic, [AA] Afroasiatic, [DC] Sinocaucasian, [AD] Austric and [MK] Macro-Khoisan
 
=== Kinship ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|-
| 14 || Example || Example
|*x1
|mother
|xx
|-
|-
| 15 || Example || Example
|*x2
|father
|xx
|-
|-
| 16 || Example || Example
|*x3
|sister
|xx
|-
|*x4
|brother
|xx
|}
 
=== Water ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|-
| 17 || Example || Example
|*x1
|water
|xx
|-
|-
| 18 || Example || Example
|*qwanə *χwanə
|river
|[AA] *qʷ/ḫʷan-
|-
|-
| 19 || Example || Example
|*x3
|lake
|xx
|-
|-
| 20 || Example || Example
|*x4
|xxx
|xx
|}
|}


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