Linguifex

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions

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   |1={{Clade
   |1={{Clade
       |label1=''Homo neanderthalensis'' (?)|state1=dashed
       |label1=''Homo neanderthalensis'' (?)|state1=dashed
         |1={{clade
      |1={{clade
            |1=xǂəʙ (''Eastern?'')|state2=dashed
         |label1=Eastern European (?)|state1=dashed
             |2=bǁēɳ (''Western?'')|state1=dashed
            |1={{clade
              |1=xǂəʙ|state1=dashed
              }}
        |label2=Western European (?)|state2=dashed
             |2={{clade
              |1=bǁēɳ|state1=dashed
              |2=ɬándɮa|state2=dashed
              }}
             }}
             }}
       |label2=
       |label2=
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         |2={{Clade
         |2={{Clade
             |1=Pontic
             |1=Pontic
             |label2=
             |label2=European
             |2={{Clade
             |2={{Clade
               |label1=Eastern
               |label1=Eastern
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               |label2=Western
               |label2=Western
               |2={{clade
               |2={{clade
                   |1=British
                   |1=Atlantic
                   |2=Atlantic|state2=dashed
                   |2=British|state2=dashed
                   |3=Mediterranean
                   |3=Mediterranean
                   }}
                   }}
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=== Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V] ===
=== Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V] ===


*=əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [indefinite])
*=əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb)
*=ɐʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [imperfective])
 
*=ɨʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [perfective])
{| class="wikitable"
|+Verbal and auxiliar ablaut patterns
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Realis
! rowspan="2" |Irrealis
|-
!Imperfective
!Perfective
|-
! rowspan="2" |Finitive
!Positive
|*-a-
|*-i-
|*-e-
|-
!Negative
|*-ɑ-
|*-u-
|*-o-
|-
! colspan="2" |Infinitive
|*-ɐ-
|*-ɨ-
|*-ə-
|}


=== Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV) ===
=== Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV) ===
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|*nə-dɮə > *ɳə
|*nə-dɮə > *ɳə
|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə
|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Morphosyntactic alignment
!
!Impersonal
!Intransitive
!Transitive
!Ditransitive
|-
!Subject
| -
|Nominative-Absolutive
|Accusative-Ergative
|Accusative-Ergative
|-
!Direct object
| -
| -
|Accusative-Absolutive
|Accusative-Absolutive
|-
!Indirect object
| -
| -
| -
|Dative
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Nominal and pronominal ablaut patterns
!
!Indefinite
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative-Absolutive
|*-e-
|*-a-
|*-i-
|-
!Accusative-Ergative
|*-ə-
|*-ɐ-
|*-ɨ-
|-
!Accusative-Absolutive
|*-o-
|*-ɑ-
|*-u-
|-
!Dative
|*-e- / *-o-
|*-a- / *-ɑ-
|*-i- / *-u-
|-
!Genitive-Oblique
|*-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)-
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)-
|*-i(ː)- / *-u(ː)-
|-
!Vocative
|*-e(ː)- / *-ə(ː)-
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɐ(ː)-
|*-i(ː)- / *-ɨ(ː)-
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Numerals
|+Numerals
! colspan="2" |Numbers
!Cardinal
!Ordinal
|-
|-
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
! rowspan="5" |First set
!1
|
|
|-
|-
| 1 || Example || Example
!2
|
|
|-
|-
| 2 || Example || Example
!3
|
|
|-
|-
| 3 || Example || Example
!4
|
|
|-
|-
| 4 || Example || Example
!5
|
|
|-
|-
| 5 || Example || Example
! rowspan="5" |Second set
!6
|
|
|-
|-
| 6 || Example || Example
!7
|
|
|-
|-
| 7 || Example || Example
!8
|
|
|-
|-
| 8 || Example || Example
!9
|
|
|-
|-
| 9 || Example || Example
!10
|
|
|-
|-
| 10 || Example || Example
! rowspan="5" |Third set
!11
|
|
|-
|-
| 11 || Example || Example
!12
|
|
|-
!13
|
|
|-
|-
| 12 || Example || Example
!14
|
|
|-
|-
| 13 || Example || Example
!15
|
|
|-
|-
| 14 || Example || Example
! rowspan="5" |Fourth set
!16
|
|
|-
|-
| 15 || Example || Example
!17
|
|
|-
|-
| 16 || Example || Example
!18
|
|
|-
!19
|
|
|-
!20
|
|
|}
 
 
== Reconstructed lexicon ==
 
Some possible etymological relationships with other reconstructed language families can be seen in the notes. The captions are as follows: [EA] Eurasiatic, [AA] Afroasiatic, [DC] Sinocaucasian, [AD] Austric and [MK] Macro-Khoisan
 
=== Kinship ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|*x1
|mother
|xx
|-
|*x2
|father
|xx
|-
|*x3
|sister
|xx
|-
|*x4
|brother
|xx
|}
 
=== Water ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|-
| 17 || Example || Example
|*x1
|water
|xx
|-
|-
| 18 || Example || Example
|*qwanə *χwanə
|river
|[AA] *qʷ/ḫʷan-
|-
|-
| 19 || Example || Example
|*x3
|lake
|xx
|-
|-
| 20 || Example || Example
|*x4
|xxx
|xx
|}
|}


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