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<b>Flewtish</b> ([[w:Endonym|endonym]]: <b>Флӯтьа</b> [[IPA|[ɸlûːtʷa] ]] or <b>''Флӯтьа глӯн''</b> [[IPA|[ɸlûːtʷa ɡluːŋ] ]]) is a language spoken in much of Northwest Russia and the [[w:Karelia|Karelia region]], as well as a large pocket in [[w:Finland|Eastern Finland]]. Flewtish is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]], meaning it does not [[w:Genetic relationship (linguistics)|genetically relate]] to any other known language on the planet, similar to [[w:Basque|Basque]] in Europe.
'''Flewtish''' ([[w:Endonym|endonym]]: <b>Флутье</b> [[IPA|[ɸlutʷe] ]] or '''Флутье глун'''</b> [[IPA|[ˈɸlutʷe ɡlun] ]]) is a language spoken in much of Northwest Russia and the [[w:Karelia|Karelia region]], as well as a large pocket in [[w:Finland|Eastern Finland]]. Flewtish is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]], meaning it does not [[w:Genetic relationship (linguistics)|genetically relate]] to any other known language on the planet, similar to [[w:Basque|Basque]] in Europe.


Flewtish is a polysynthetic language, something uncommon for the Siberian or the European languages, hinting a distant [[w:Urheimat|Urheimat]] far away from today's Russia (Usually placed near the Mongolian border, see [[Proto-Flewtish]]). The language is split into 4 periods: [[Proto-Flewtish]], Old Flewtish, Ḟlǔṫas Eṽétt (Modern Latin Orthography: ''Fluṫas Ewet''), and Modern Flewtish, each one signified by the historical events accompanying them. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written (In Finland and elsewhere respectively), although during the early medieval period there were Turkic writings too. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. [kʷáɣ.op] "Warmth" and [káɣ.op] "Deer".
Flewtish is a polysynthetic language, something uncommon for the Siberian or the European languages, hinting a distant [[w:Urheimat|Urheimat]] far away from today's Russia (Usually placed near the Mongolian border, see [[Proto-Flewtish]]). The language is split into 4 periods: [[Proto-Flewtish]], Old Flewtish, Ḟlǔṫas Eṽétt (Modern Latin Orthography: ''Fluṫas Ewet''), and Modern Flewtish, each one signified by the historical events accompanying them. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written (In Finland and elsewhere respectively), although during the early medieval period there were Turkic writings too. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. [kʷáɣ.op] "Warmth" and [káɣ.op] "Deer".
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==Orthography==
==Orthography==
===Scripts===
===Orthography and scripts===
Flewtish is officially written with the Cyrillic script as law enforces it in Russia. However, up until the [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet Union's]] dissolution in 1991, the language was actually written with the Latin script, which was brought over by Viking sailors around the 9th-10th century. The Latin script is used mostly in Finland with the local dialects and by older people elsewhere, but any new speakers are taught to write with the Cyrillic alphabet.
====Cyrillic script====
Flewtish is written from the 17th century onwards with a variation of the Cyrillic script, the Flewtish alphabet.


<center>
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="29" | Cyrillic Script for Flewtish
! colspan="34" | Cyrillic Script for Flewtish
|-
|-
| Аа /a/ || Бб /b/ || Вв /v/ || Гг /g/ || Ғғ /ɣ/ || Дд /d/ || Ðð /ð/ || Ее /e/ || Зз /z/ || Ии /i/ || Ыы /y/ || Кк /k/ || Лл /l/ || Мм /m/ || Нн /n/ || Оо /o/ || Пп /p/ || Рр /ʁ/ || Тт /t/ || Сс /s/ || Уу /u/ || Фф /ɸ/ || Ьь (ʷ) || Хх /x/ || Цц /t͡s/ || Чч /t͡ʃ/ || Шш /ʃ/ || Ѡѡ /w/ || Ъъ /ʔ/
| Аа /a/ || Бб /b/ || Вв /v/ || Гг /g/ || Ғғ /ɣ/ || Дд /d/ || Ее /e/ || Ёё /ə/ || Зз /z/ || Ӟӟ /ð/ || Ии /i/ || Йй /j/ || Ўў /w/ || Кк /k/ || Лл /l/ || Мм /m/ || Нн /n/ || Оо /o/ || Ӧӧ - /jo/ ||Пп /p/ || Рр /ɾ/ || Сс /s/ || Тт /t/ || Уу /u/ || Фф /ɸ/ || Ьь (ʷ) || Хх /x/ || Цц /t͡s/ || Чч /t͡ʃ/ || Шш /ʃ/ || Щщ /d͡z/ || Ыы /y/ || Юю /ju/ || Яя /ja/
|}
|}
</center>
</center>


<center>
The Flewtish alphabet also relies on acute accents to indicate that a vowel must be pronounced as a nasal one. The apostrophe may be used to show apheresis in rapid speech.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
 
! colspan="28" | Latin Script for Flewtish
There are many dialects of Flewtish so the Flewtish alphabet is not reliable to denote the sounds of most dialects and accents. In that case, there are an additional 5 graphemes used to denote sounds found in the most spoken non-standard accents, eg. the one in Ukhta.
|-
 
| Aa /a/ || Bb /b/ || Cc /t͡s/ || Dd /d/ || Đð /ð/ || Ää /ɘ/ || Ee /e/ || Ff /f/ || Gg /g/ || Hh /x/ || Ii /i/ || Yy /ɣ/ || Jj /j/ || Kk /k/ || Ll /l/ || Mm /m/ || Nn /n/ || Oo /o/ || Pp /p/ || Rr /ʁ/ || Ss /s/ || Tt /t/ || Uu /u/ || Üü /y/ || Vv /v/ || Ww /w/ || Xx /ʒ/|| Zz /z/
# Ӱӱ - /ɯ/
|}
# Өө - /θ/
</center>
# Ъъ - /ʔ/
# Ӈӈ - /ŋ/*
# Іі - /ɨ/


There are various diacritics used in the language that aren't considered part of either alphabets. For example, both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets for Flewtish use a line/tilde above a vowel (eg. ā,ӣ) if it is a long one. In addition, the Latin alphabet uses an accent above a consonant (eg. ŕ, ś) to indicate rounding (Or [[w:Labialization|labialization]]) of the letter, whereas the Cyrillic script uses the soft sign (Ьь). In older inscriptions of the Latin alphabet, a letter would take a diaeresis (eg. s̈, ḧ) instead, and the acute accent would be used to indicate a glottal stop following the consonant.
====Latin script====
Flewtish was written for a large period using the Latin script, adopted from contact with Germanic peoples in the west. Although it is rarely used since the late 20th century, it can still be found in inscriptions. It also survives as part of the dialect spoken in Eastern Finland.


===Digraphs and trigraphs===
====Turkic script====
There are three digraphs and one trigraph in the Latin alphabet of Flewtish. The Cyrillic version does not contain any. These are: ''ch'' for /t͡ʃ/, ''sj'' for /ʃ/ and, very rarely, ''ui'' for /ɨ/, and ''dzj'' for /d͡ʒ/
Finally, dialects of Flewtish were written during the Old Flewtish period (452CE-778CE) using the Turkic script, while the southeastern tribes were subjugates by Turkish khanagates. Few inscriptions survive to this day.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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In addition, Flewtish contains an animate-inanimate distinction. If any part of speech within a sentence is animate, the subject, object and verb must take the ''-ü'' suffix.
In addition, Flewtish contains an animate-inanimate distinction. If any part of speech within a sentence is animate, the subject, object and verb must take the ''-ü'' suffix.
===Consonant harmony===
Flewtish has a consonant harmony system, which limits what letters can appear to what words. The distinction does not appear directly in loanwords but can be found in all native Flewtish words. Consonants are split to three categories (A, B, C). Phones from category A may not appear in the same word as phones from category B, and phones from category C may appear in any word.
'''Category A''' is comprised of all palatals, velars, /f/, /x/ and /ʒ/. '''Category B''' contains all uvulars (In the standard dialect, only /ʁ/ exists, but other accents may contain /q/ and /ɢ/), labials, the dental plosives and /ʔ/. '''Category C''' contains all nasals, sibilants, (post-)alveolars, dentals and approximants, with the exception that the dentals should undergo a process of fortition and become plosive (So, for example, /ð/ will become /d/). The following table visualizes this rule:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Contents
|-
| A
| All palatals, velars, /f/, /x/, /ʒ/
|-
| B
| All uvulars (standard dialect: /ʁ/; other accents may include /q/ and /ɢ/), labials, dental plosives, /ʔ/ and all labials
|-
| C
| All nasals, sibilants, (post-)alveolars, dentals (undergoing fortition to become plosives, e.g., /ð/ to /d/), approximants, bilabials, /v/, /l/ and /p/
|}


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
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| -mno || Mine || hetsjeńemno
| -mno || Mine || hetsjeńemno
|-
|-
| -ði || Your || hetsjeńedi*
| -ði || Your || hetsjeńedi
|-
|-
| -muk || His/Hers/Its || hetceńemuk
| -muk || His/Hers/Its || hetceńemuk
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| ne- -ktu || Their || nehetsjeńektu
| ne- -ktu || Their || nehetsjeńektu
|}
|}
<small>''* See section '''Consonant harmony'''''</small>


Flewtish doesn't have articles, but uses the -e suffix as a replacement for the definite article, and ''sal'' for the indefinite article.
Flewtish doesn't have articles, but uses the -e suffix as a replacement for the definite article, and ''sal'' for the indefinite article.
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! Number !! English !! Flewtish
! Number !! English !! Flewtish
|-
|-
| 0 || Zero || Нўл
| 0 || Zero || Нул
|-
|-
| 1 || One || Sál/Сал
| 1 || One || Зааԓ
|-
|-
| 2 || Two || Āwy/А̄ѡы
| 2 || Two || Деюе
|-
|-
| 3 || Three || Děgn/Денг
| 3 || Three || Заш
|-
|-
| 4 || Four || Sãx/Саж
| 4 || Four || Нóюе
|-
|-
| 5 || Five || Ðōgn/Ðōнг
| 5 || Five || Аўе
|-
|-
| 6 || Six || Káwo/Каѡо
| 6 || Six || Еўе
|-
|-
| 7 || Seven || Evé/Еве
| 7 || Seven || Юскы̄
|-
|-
| 8 || Eight || Xü/Жў
| 8 || Eight || Анá
|-
|-
| 9 || Nine || Nãkk/На̄кк
| 9 || Nine || Цьербус
|-
|-
| 10 || Ten || Cásjt/Кашт
| 10 || Ten || Ԓе
|}
|}


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'''Flewtish (Latin)''':
'''Flewtish (Latin)''':
''Ikeyü emūkeü uvokü citewük nesvabodū vem ānnu edostonsvansek vem nejuse. Uvokü bülek snatćenom vem eḿo, vem uvokü velka ciwukütta esalseksald sal sakkŕam ḱongopden.''
''Awel neemól zalpen nesvabodii ve tiğez ivoam ve prava. Nežewemeg šiwatak ve sosnanije ve nekareveljomeg zaal baknwékonjoamd.''


'''Flewtish (Cyrillic)''':
'''Flewtish (Cyrillic)''':
''Икеғы емӯкеы увокы китеѡык несвабодӯ вем а̄нну едостонсвансек вем нейусе. Увокы былек сначьеном вем емьо, вем увокы велка киѡукытта есалсексалд сал сакрьам кьонгопден.''
''Аўел неемóл залпен несвабoдии ве тиғез ивoам ве права. Нежеўемег шиўатак ве соснанийе ве некаревелйомег заал бакньéконйоамд.''
 
'''IPA:'''
''[íkeɣy èmuːkey úvoky kitewyk nèsvaboduː vém ânu edóstonsvansek vém néjuse || úvoky býlek snat͡ʃenom vém emʷo | vém úvoky vélka kìwukyta esálseksald sál ˈsakrʷam kʷongopden]''
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