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==Modern Wiobian==
== Burmese roms ==
'''Modern Wiobian''' (''Wioƀþluß'' /ʑù lwə̀/) is the most widely spoken form of the Wiobian languages. The written language is based on Classical Wiobian and is highly conservative.
=== v0 ===
<poem>
Ŧăȷā hmȷạ·ŧạ luc·lac khȷīnh nẹ mă tuê
ta.ra: hmya. ta. lwat lap hkrang: nai. ma. swe
[tɪ.já m̥ja̰.ta̰ lʊʔ.laʔ t͡ɕʰɪ́ŋ nɛ̰ mə t̪wè ǀ]
 
Độ pȷê, độ mȷê
tui. prany, tui. mre
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǁ]
 
Mȷā lu khat·tê̄nh nhê̄nh·gkhȷan zxê bộ
mya: lu hkap sim: ngrim: hkyam: ce hpo.
[mjá lù kʰaʔ.t̪éɪ̯ŋ ɲéɪ̯ɰ̃.d͡ʑán zè βo̰ ǀ]
 
Khuỵnh ŧu·nhı hmȷạ, wa·đạ phȷu·xınh đŧệ pȷê
hkwang. tu nyi hmya. wada. hpyu cang tai. prany
[kʰwɪ̰ŋ tù.ɲì m̥ja̰ ǀ wà.da̰ (ǀ) pʰjù.sɪ̀ŋ dḛ pjè ǀ]
 
Độ pȷê, độ mȷê
tui. prany tui. mre
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǁ]
 
Pȷı·đŧhong·zxụ ămuê ămȷē ŧı·đŧạn zxê
prany htaung cu. a mwi a.mrai: tany tam. ce
[pjì.dàʊ̯ŋ.zṵ ʔə.mwè ʔ(ə.)mjɛ́ tì.da̰ŋ zè]
 
Ă·đêch·ŧhan pȷụ bpê, ŧhênh·tênh zxộ lê
a.dhithtan pru. pe htin: sim: cui. le
[ʔ(ə.)deɪ̯ʔ.tʰàn pjṵ βè ǀ tʰéɪ̯ŋ.t̪éɪ̯ŋ zo̰ lè ǁ]
 
Găba mă kȷê, Mȷăma pȷê
kambha ma. kye, mranma prany
[ɡ(ə.)βà mə t͡ɕè ǀ mjə.mà pjè ǀ]
 
Độ bô̄·boā ămuê xıch mộ khȷıch mȷat nô̄ bê
tui. bhui: bwa: a.mwe cac mui. hkyac mrat nui: pe
[do̰ βó.bwá (ʔə.)mwè sɪʔ mo̰ t͡ɕʰɪʔ mjaʔ nó βè ǁ]
 
Pȷi·đŧhong·zxụ gô ătet pê̄ lộ độ ka goe mălê
prany htaung cu. kui a.sak pe: lui. tui. ka kwai ma.le
[pjì.dàʊ̯ŋ.zṵ ɡò ʔ(ə.)t̪ɛʔ pé lo̰ do̰ kà ɡwɛ̀ m(ə.)lè ǀ]
 
Đa độ pȷê đa độ mȷê độ panh·net mȷê
da tui. prany da tui. mre tui. puing nak mre
[dà do̰ pjè dà do̰ mjè do̰ pàɪ̯ŋ.nɛʔ mjè ǀ]
 
Độ pȷê, độ mȷê, ăkjô̄ gô nhı·nha zxoa độ đăđuê
tui. prany tui. mre a.kyui: kui nyi nya cwa tui. ta.twe
[do̰ pjè ǀ do̰ mjè ǀ ʔ(ə.)t͡ɕó ɡò ǀ ɲì.ɲà zwà do̰ d(ə.)dwè ǀ]
 
Ŧhān xhong ba zxộ lê, độ ta·wung bê ăphô̄·ŧan mȷê
htam: hcaung pa sui. le tui. ta wan pe a. hpui: tan mre
[tʰán sʰàʊ̯ŋ bà zo̰ lè ǀ do̰ tà.wʊ̀ŋ bè ʔ(ə.)pʰó.tàn mjè ǁ]
</poem>
 
=== v1 ===
<poem>
Tyȷā hmȷȧtȧ luqlaq khȷīɴ nɛ̇ my þwe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe
Mȷā lu khaqþēɴ nȷēɴgkhȷaɴ zse bȯ
Khwiɴ tunȷı hmȷȧ, wadȧ phȷusıɴ dtė pȷe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe
Pȷıdthɔɴzsu̇ ymwe ymȷɛ̇ tıdtȧɴ zse
Ydeqthaɴ pȷu̇ bpe, thenþeɴ zsȯ le
Gyba my kȷe, Mȷyma pȷe
Dȯ bōbwā ymwe sıq mȯ khȷıq mȷaq nō be
Gyba my kȷe, Mȷyma pȷe
Dȯ bōbwā ymwe sıq mȯ khȷıq mȷaq nō be
Pȷidthɔɴzsu̇ go yþɛq pē lȯ dȯ ka gwɛ myle
Da dȯ pȷe da dȯ mȷe dė pɛɴnɛq mȷe
Dȯ pȷe, dȯ mȷe, ykjō go nȷınȷa zwa dȯ dydwe
Thāɴ shɔɴ ba zsȯ le, dȯ þawuɴ be yphōtaɴ mȷe
</poem>
=== v2 ===
<poem>
Tyjā hmjătă luqlaq khjīɴ nɛ{{breve}} my þwe
Dŏ pje, dŏ mje
Mjā lu khaqþēɴ njēɴgkhjaɴ zse bŏ
Khwĭɴ tunji hmjă, wadă phjusiɴ dtĕ pȷe
Dŏ pje, dŏ mje
Pjidthɔɴzsŭ ymwe ymjɛ{{breve}} tıdtăɴ zse
Ydeqthaɴ pjŭ bpe, thenþeɴ zsŏ le
 
Gyba my kje, Mjyma pje
Dŏ bōbwā ymwe siq mŏ khjiq mjaq nō be
Gyba my kje, Mjyma pje
Dŏ bōbwā ymwe siq mŏ khjiq mjaq nō be
Pjĭdthɔɴzsŭ go yþɛq pē lŏ dŏ ka gwɛ myle
Da dŏ pje da dŏ mje dĕ pɛɴnɛq mje
Dŏ pȷe, dŏ mȷe, ykjō go njinja zwa dŏ dydwe
Thāɴ shɔɴ ba zsŏ le, dŏ þawuɴ be yphōtaɴ mje
</poem>
=== v3 ===
Deliberately English/German-like
 
Ch for aspiration, þ/ð for dental stops


===Todo===
Superscript the original consonant before a voiced initial that's a result of voicing sandhi
*Translate a poem from Old Wiobian into Modern Wiobian. A Bach cantata too
===Historical phonology===
====Initials====
*{{recon|V-C[+plosive +voiced]-}} > {{recon|V-C[+fricative +voiced]}} (i.e. voiced plosive initials lenite after a prefix vowel. The prefix is later dropped.)
**Initial alternations: ''ƀiul'' /pʰjə̄w/ 'just' : ''iƀiul'' /i.vjə̄w/ 'unjust' : ''ƀeƀiul'' /vjə̄w/ 'straighten'
*{{recon|VN-C[+plosive]-}} > {{recon|V-C[+nasal]}} (i.e. plosive initials nasalize after a nasal)
*{{recon|V(N)-C[+fricative +voiced]}} > {{recon|V-C[+fricative +voiced]}} (i.e. fricative initials become voiced after a prefix)
*voiced initials > aspirated initials
*{{recon|C[+coronal]r}} > {{recon|C[+retroflex]}}


====Rimes====
<poem>
*''-l'' > [-w]
Rimes:
**''Zall'' 'man' /cal/ > /tɕə&#772;w/
ị i ī ịn in īn it
*-VC[+fricative] > -V[+breathy tone] > -V[+low tone]
ẹ e ē ạne ane āne ate
**''Zall(e)ß'' 'man (accusative)' /cals/ > ''Zallß'' /tɕə̀w/
ạre are āre ịne ine īne ite
*-VC[+fricative]C[+plosive] > -V[+low tone]C[+plosive]
ạ a ā ạn an ān at et
**''Raßt'' 'aroma' /rast/ > /ʐɛ&#768;t/
ạw aw āw ọun oun ōun out
*-VC[+plosive] > -V[+glottalized tone] > -V[+high tone]
ọ o ō ọne one ōne ote
*-VC[+nasal]C[+plosive] > -VC[+nasal, +homorganic][+high tone]
ụ u ū ọon oon ōon oot
*-VC[+nasal]-C[+plosive]V > -VC[+nasal, +homorganic][+mid tone]
</poem>
*-VC[+nasal]C[+plosive]C[+fricative] > -VC[+nasal, +homorganic][+low tone]
*Trochees become monosyllables
**''Janker'' 'ocean' [ˈjaŋkər] > /jɔ&#772;ŋ/
*Trisyllables in the form [stem]-suffix-[stem] become trochees


===Phonology===
<poem>
====Phonotactics====
<sup>k</sup>gəba ma che, myəma pye
(C)V(C)<sup>T</sup>
dọ bōbwā əmwe sit mọ chhit myat nō be
</poem>


Words are mainly monosyllabic, occasionally trochees.
== World's worst romanization for Vietnamese ==
=== Initials ===
<poem>
ñ ɟ̃ ỹ q̃  = m n nh ng
n{{lsb}} n þ ɟ ꞃ y q = p b t đ tr ch c/k/qu
f ɟ{{lrb}} q{{lrb}} = ph th kh
ſ p{{lrb}} = x s
ƿ ȷ j r = v d gi g
λ p = l r
</poem>


Compounds are left-headed and trochaic.
The initials ʔ h are indicated by placing spiritus lenis and spiritus asper above the first letter, and {{angbr|ƿ}} is used for the /w/ medial: ƿηɟ̃, Ƿ{{lsb}}ηɟ̃, ƿ{{lrb}}ηɟ̃s = viên, Uyên, huyền.


====Initials====
=== Nuclei ===
Modern Wiobian syllables may begin with one of 37 possible consonants.
* u ɯ w e ɘ ə ɵ æ a ɐ ɑ = i/y ư u ê ơ â ô e a ă o
* η ξ ω = ia/iê, ưa/ươ, ua/uô


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
=== Finals ===
|+ '''Modern Wiobian initials'''
* ñ ɟ̃ ỹ q̃  = m n nh ng
! colspan="2"|
* n ɟ y q = p t ch c
! | Labial
* ι υ = /-j -w/
! | Alveolar
=== Tones ===
! | Retroflex
tones: -0 -s -b -m -v -d = ngang, huyen, sac, nang, hoi, nga
! | Palatal
 
! | Velar
==Hōbispellum Jōhannis Tōtiscē==
! | Labiovelar
<poem>
! | Glottal
1:1 In occinunquā vore Verbum, ante Verbum vore ob Hutum, ante Hutus vore Verbum.
|-
1:2 Tod vore in occinunquā ob Hutum.
! colspan="2" | Nasal
1:3 Alla terque eum magāta sunt, ante enū eō magātum est nēctis, quod magātum est.
| '''m, mƀ''' /m/
1:4 In eō līpum vore, ante līpum vore lūctum lūbium.
| '''n, nđ''' /n/
</poem>
| '''mr, mƀr, nđr''' ''etc.'' /ɳ/
 
| '''nɟ, mƀi, nđi''' ''etc.'' /ɲ/
==Semantic drifts==
| '''nk, ng''' /ŋ/
===Truth===
| '''nqu, nw''' /ŋʷ/
*true/proof > guilt
|
*to stand, to stay, to be straight up > to be true
|-
*true/show/prove > to vindicate > to win
! rowspan="3" |Plosive/Affricate
 
! | <small>plain</small>
==Dakelh/Tlingit inspired Dodellic==
| '''p''' /p/
 
| '''t''' /t/
==Bylȳn==
| '''pr, tr, kr''' ''etc.'' /ʈʂ/
[[Main_Page/Themsarian]]
| '''z, pi, ti''' ''etc.'' /tɕ/
 
| '''k''' /k/
put in Dodellic; Wdm substrate
| '''qu''' /kʷ/
 
| /ʔ/
phonology:
|-
*/m n p b t d tš dž k g (glottal stop) f s š x H h v z ž r l/ {{angbr|m n p b t d ť ď k g q f s š ch x h v z ž r l}}
! | <small>voiced</small>
*/a e i u y a: e: i: u: y: ai au iə uə/ {{angbr|a e i u y aa ee ii uu yy ai au ie ua}}
| '''mp''' /b/
**Responsible for Wdm vowel shift: *u > ü, *o > u, *a > o, *ä > a
| '''nt''' /d/
*pitch accent
| '''mpr, ntr, nkr''' ''etc.'' /ɖʐ/
 
| '''nz, mpi, nti''' ''etc.'' /dʑ/
==Trician doublets==
|
*Thensarian ardlaccātom > atxagátañ (via Nurian) ~ dlahgað (via Tigol) ~ glyçád (via glăchad) ~ plahad (via Clofabosin placadin) - various stringed instruments
|
*Pida (Mărotłian teacher) ~ pda (Dr.) ~ Modern Wdm. pra (honorific pronoun)
|
 
|-
==Silly language family trees==
! | <small>aspirated</small>
*Trigonic languages
| '''ƀ''' /pʰ/
**Sinitic
| '''đ''' /tʰ/
***Mandarin
| '''ƀr, đr, gr''' ''etc.'' /ʈʂʰ/
***Cantonese
| '''ɟ, ƀi, đi''' ''etc.'' /tɕʰ/
****Schwyzerdütsch
| '''g''' /kʰ/
***Sinaitic
| '''gu''' /kʷʰ/
****Phoenician
|
*****Greek
|-
******Inuktitut
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
**Coshitic
! | <small>voiceless</small>
***Vietnamese
| '''f''' /f/
****Sinh
| '''þ, ß''' /s/
****Tanh
| '''fr, þr''' ''etc.'' /ʂ/
****Sech
| '''s, fi, þi''' ''etc.'' /ɕ/
***Hyperbolgarian
| '''h''' /x/
***Beta
| '''ƕ''' /xʷ/
***Proto-Afro-Asiatic
|
**Deltan languages (aka Newtono-Leibnizic)
|-
***Hessian German
! | <small>voiced</small>
***Turingian German
| '''V(n)f, Vƀ''' /v/
****[[Tyrith]] (from older ''*Türiŋit'')
| '''V(n)þ, V(n)ß, Vđ''' /z/
****Lambda calculus
| '''r, V(n)fr, V(n)þr,''' ''etc.'' /ʐ/
****Mathematica
| '''Vs, Vns, wi,''' ''etc.'' /ʑ/
****C++
| '''V(n)h''', '''Vg''' /ɣ/
*****Sanskrit
|
**Triforcian languages
|
***Hylian
|-
****Tritriforcian languages
! colspan="2" |Approximant
*****Tritritriforcian languages
|
******...
| '''l''' /l/
*******Sierpińskian
|
 
| '''j, li''' /j/
==Qiala Gaivuan's Dwarvish==
|
Wäßßmerian/Highlands Wiobian consonant shift (stolen wholesale from High German consonant shift):
| '''w, V(n)ƕ''' /w/
 
|
Phase 1 (final or intervocallic):
|}
/p/ > /f/ <''f''>
/t/ > /s/ <''ß''>
/c/ > /ç/ > later /z/ bzw. /ʃ/ <''s/sch''>
/k/ > /x/ > later /χ/ <''ch''>
 
Phase 2 (initial, geminated or after a resonant)
/p/ > /pf/ <''pf''>
/t/ > /ts/ <''ßß''> > word initially /s/ <''ß''>
/c/ > /cç/ > later /''tʃ''/ <zsch>
/k/ > /kx/ > later /''χ''/ <ch>
 
Phase 3
/b/ > /p/ fortis or lenis <''p''>
/d/ > /t/ fortis or lenis <''t''>
/ɟ/ > /c/ fortis or lenis <''z''>
/g/ > /k/ fortis or lenis <''k''>
 
Other changes:
/θ~ð/ > /d/ > later lenis /t/ <''d''>
/f~v/ > /b/ > later lenis /p/ <''b''> (after a vowel)
/sk, çk/ > sch /ʃ/
Auslautverhärtung
 
==Paucal of humility==
There are three numbers: singular ({{sc|sg}}) representing one object, paucal ({{sc|pc}}) for a few, and plural ({{sc|pl}}) for many. The paucal form usually denotes two to nine items, but the boundary between paucal and plural is quite fluid; a paucal could be used for a larger number for contrast with a much larger number of things. The plural number in pronouns also serves as an honorific; complementarily, using paucal pronouns where a plural is expected entails a "dishonorific", humble or pejorative meaning.
==Something with my old Tsjoen grammar==
Txapoalli? Naquic?
 
==Manxome (Manx-Hmoob hybrid)==
A close relative of Skellan with the GVS? Or is this just Ko?
 
Cedilla and double vowel mania
 
Mix in a little Dutch?
 
==IE conlang ideas==
*'want' from bhr-h1s- (bear-DES)
*"try 1SG-ACC VERB-INF" = try to VERB me (actually looks pretty german)
 
=="Ah, meine Treußer" gibs==
*Săchał yang hălsreaf chrăthüng fi pdath yas măfongșor! Wănguas fi binreach wangsăfab thearłăsab făneyșumab pălontumab acsitumab gopliximab fizoraximab prozamumab cabituzumab... Ah, endocebuxin!
*sčʼutaʔɬ čəd dzəlxʷʔad ʔal kʷi sqʷadbəʔid! shuʔədəb šiƛ̕x̌adil stab dzastidil balustadil xʷəʔsdətapril kʷinapazil bəsmanadil quizoradil daquinadil sperotidil prolixudil... Ah, endolucrifen!
 
==Some old gibs==
Neuber und Seigen driechen das Fauensammer.
Und Pfurges ummärten den Sieberschmüstchen
der Meichtel und die kreuge haben den Ofel angeschninkelt!
der Strahme der hüffneden ist an síreochta dréag agus fhóineocht.
(irish gib is also easy to adapt)
Und dauchte die Miegung.
Agus sráineann an mhóilte i bhfáirdeacha.
An dtrídeach tú leim an mheidreach?
und die dréanoigh na chloiste is clóireach
makk praom krenn tae leontóin agus dreangachtaí
Zohnung schweifen der mahl tröhnen
Cáróidh meim fhíreasá sróidheamh táin a chúloigh a fháir a cheim
sróitreáneidh na pradhaoibhiú té bheir sa dhímeá 'bhifeóirsi tha
 
Pirandetam ver ketassinosin ket ligerinogenine
 
Du sümmelst so gapfer an, wenn du in solch schnöpfen, geschrammten Hückeln inframierst! Ich ingräliere dir, indem ich dir einen Beschlaubszwicher antabere. Ich möchte dir einen schlaarige Garulierer anzülfen, damit du in gezührigen Anschniegsgahmen verschnülzern kannst.
 
die Anschrängerungen verkiech die Redangierungen, indem sie deren Gespalchsfeunungen rekredabierte.
Der Aufschlied zwand die Mäste, um ihrer Begeifigungen zu verknieren.
Αν ο φαγγαλος τεθεγμασται την ψαθην και τον κιμαρρον!
Αναι μεν γαρ δεδαγγασμενοι ηλετησαν ινε τον φραθμον.
Ο φιστώτης και η νίψ κεκλαμμένοι εισίν.
 
Sʼeik beih Đâh kglumm gnüar Haem Päh jehn knuck Lö Mott nihr ngå Pluh Reaz Sra Ksaot teap klav Waü Zeay Þael
 
Azz kemm jick gno Sruck bâzz skång mäch dö' Lümm dak mihn mu påhng Sjä Kbael Pfeiz rao Smau tngaör zbaü lean Sek Woh tböhng sia Koas Tuah Gnüang
 
==Scope of negation==
different negative markers for scope
 
==Llanfair...gogogoch gib==
Reduplication (goch > gogogoch)
 
==Fyxámian national anthem==
===Eevo===
===English translation===
====Verse 1====
<poem>
[...]
[...]
''From antipode to antipode''
''Men of thy deeds do sing.''
</poem>
====Refrain====
 
==Book and paper titles in Eevo==
*(''A Bound for the Number of Points on Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields'')
*(''Spectral Sequences of Algebraic Varieties'')
*''Mroga-xiv ry blwhir jybinþylisár ar jonda jynéeb'' (''Zeta Functions of Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields'') (fT 2259)
*''Regular Temperaments''
 
==Primitive Seargais==
 
<poem>
long vowels:
a: e: i: o: u: æ: ø: y: from
broad á aí/ai/oi oí/uí/ui ó/ao ú/ua/ui ái ói/aío/aoi úi/oío/uío/uai
slender eá ei/éi/éa í/ia/iai eo iú/io/iu ea/éa/eai/eái eoi iúi/ío
 
éa becomes æ: before broad d, n, l and r, and e: elsewhere
ui becomes u: before broad d, n, l and r, and i: elsewhere
 
short vowels:
a e i o u -> a ʲa ʲɨ a ɨ
 
changes from proto seargais to seargais
high vowels move one POA
(u -> ü, ü -> i but aü stays put)
there's the merger
now o becomes u to fill in the gap, a becomes o and æ becomes a
a e i o u æ ø y ->
o e i u y a ø i
e -> ə
which triggers i -> ia, ia -> e, y -> i, u -> ɨ, o -> u, a -> ua, ua -> o
so i get
a e i o u æ ø y ia ua ai au ay ->
o e i u y a ø i ia ua ai au ay ->
u ə ia ɨ i ua _ ia e o ai au _
ø -> ɛ -> a while ay -> aɨ
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ (i now have all the vowels!)
breathy voice ablaut patterns:
e/i/ai -> ə/ia/ai
o/u/au -> ɨ/i/au
ö/ü/aü -> a/ia/aɨ
chaotic!
 
a/ua -> u/o
ä/ia -> ua/e
 
spelling: a e i o u y w = /a e i o u ə ɨ/
 
short a -> y
short ɨ -> w (very few modern Seargais speakers make the distinction between the short vowels using y for both)
</poem>
===Seargais superstrate===
<poem>
same breathy voice pattern except there's a GVS
a e i o u ä ö ü ua ia ai au aü ->
o i ai u au e ü aü uo ie ä a a
compare
u ə ia ɨ i ua a ia e o ai au aɨ
these are heard by seargais speakers as
o i ai u au ə ɨ aɨ e o e a a
</poem>
===Seargais consonants===
<poem>
p t q pʰ tʰ χ m n w θ ʟ r tɬ ɬ (broad)
f ts k f ts kʰ m n j s ɬ r tʃ ʃ (slender)
 
Urú'ed:
m n ʟ mʰ nʰ χ m n pf θ ʟ r nl tɬ (broad)
m n ŋ mʰ nʰ ŋʰ m n f ts ɬ r n tʃ (slender)
the combined set of phonemes:
p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ q
f θ s ɬ ʃ χ
pf ts tɬ tʃ
m mʰ n nʰ ŋ ŋʰ nl
j w ʟ r
h is missing
broad sm and sn can become h
urúing to tʰ
actually it should stay as θm and θn
θm -> voiceless m -> h also works
it doesn't impact the morphology
 
</poem>
 
==Huichaltzah's alien language==
p pʰ t tʰ ts tsʰ tɬ tɬʰ k kʰ kʟ kʟʰ
s ɬ x h
m n ŋ
l ʟ w j
a e i o ar er ir or (rhotic vowels)
 
Grammar: Rhotic vowel harmony, CW with many cases
 
==Bändli==
Zulu pseudo-gib
 
===Initials===
 
schm, m > m, mh
 
schn, n > n, nh
 
schng/kn, ng > ng, ngh
 
sp, p, b, gep/geb > p, ph, bh, b
 
st, t, d, get/ged > t, th, dh, d
 
ŧ, sŧ, đ, geŧ/geđ > qh, q, nqh, gq
 
k, g, gek/geg > kh, gh, g
 
r > hh
 
f, w > f, v
 
fl, kl, schl > hl


Lots of alternation between initials; some consonants arose entirely from alternation.
bl, gl > dl


====Rimes====
pfr, fr, tr, kr, schr > kl /x~kx/
Only the following final coda consonants may occur: [p t k m n ŋ j w].


====Tones====
br, dr, gr > gl /ɣ~gɣ/
Syllables may have high, mid and low tones.


===Nouns===
j > y
The written language has 4 cases.


===Adjectives===
schw > f
===Verbs===
Personal endings are obsolete. Most Wiobian speakers will perceive the personal endings as archaic but won't know what personal ending is appropriate for a given subject.


Verb stems for present and past exist but are often supplemented with auxiliaries.
z, s, sch > s, z, sh


<!--Neuwiobisch verfügt über 37 Anlaute. Die folgende Abbildung gilt allgemein:
ent- > prenasalization


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
===Consonants===
|+ '''Neuwiobische Anlaute'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Alveolar
! | Retroflex
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Labiovelar
! | Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
| '''m, mp, mƀ''' /m/
! rowspan="2" | Labial
| '''n, nt, nđ''' /n/
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
| '''mr, nCr''' /ɳ/
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
| /ɲ/
! rowspan="2" | Velar
| '''nk, ng''' /ŋ/
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
| '''nqu, nw''' /ŋʷ/
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosiv/Affrikat
! central
! | <small>nicht asp.</small>
! lateral
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''pr, tr, kr''' /ʈʂ/
| /tɕ/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''qu''' /kʷ/
| /ʔ/
|-
|-
! | <small>aspiriert</small>
! rowspan="4" | Click
| '''ƀ''' /pʰ/
! plain
| '''đ''' /tʰ/
|
| '''ƀr, đr, gr''' /ʈʂʰ/
| /tɕʰ/
| '''g''' /kʰ/
| '''gu''' /kʷʰ/
|  
|  
|-
! rowspan="2" |Frikativ
! | <small>stimmlos</small>
| '''f''' /f/
| '''þ, ß''' /s/
| '''fr, þr''' /ʂ/
| /ɕ/
| '''h''' /x/
| '''ƕ''' /xʷ/
|  
|  
| {{IPA|ǃ}}
|
|
|-
|-
! | <small>stimmhaft</small>
! aspirated
| '''V(n)f, Vƀ''' /v/
|
| '''V(n)þ, V(n)ß, Vđ''' /z/
| '''r, V(n)þr, Vđr''' /ʐ/
| /ʑ/
| '''V(n)h''', '''Vg''' /ɣ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
| {{IPA|ǃʰ}}
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! nasalised
|
|
| '''l''' /l/
|  
|  
| '''j''' /j/
|  
|  
| '''w, V(n)ƕ''' /w/
| {{IPA|ᵑǃ}}
|
|
|
|}
Derivationsmorphologische Anlautwechsel ist häufig.
-->
==Classical Wiobian==
'''Classical Wiobian''' (/ˈwiːbiən/ or /ˈwiːɵbiən/ Classical Wiobian: ''wiöƀem'') is a highly divergent Gamedan language spoken in Wiober in the Jankmin area. (cf. Wiobian ''Janker'' 'ocean' < PJank {{recon|''jenkār''}} 'ibid.' (< PGmd {{recon|''wjénq-''}} 'water') + {{recon|''-ōr''}} 'collective suffix') Modern Wiobian is written following Old Wiobian orthographical conventions, but is pronounced much differently than Old Wiobian.
Todo:
*Translate some Bach cantatas
===Historical phonology===
*PGam {{recon|''h-''}} > {{recon|0}}
*PGam {{recon|''z''}} > {{recon|''s''}}
*Lateral obstruents become palatal obstruents
*PGam plain stops become fricatives
*PGam voiced stops become aspirated stops
*PGam ejective stops become implosive stops
===Phonology of Classical Wiobian===
====Phonotactics====
(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
====Consonants====
Classical Wiobian features a greatly simplified system of ~21 consonants (comparable to [[Themsarian]], with 22 consonants).
Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Classical Wiobian initial consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Labiovelar
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! breathy nasalised
| '''m''' /m/
|
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ᶢǃʱ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! rowspan="2" | Nasal
! | <small>voiceless</small>
! plain
| '''p''' /p/
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|  
| ŋ
|
|
| '''t''' /t/
| '''z''' /c/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''qu''' /kʷ/
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
! breathy
| '''ƀ''' /b/
| {{IPA|mʱ}}
| {{IPA|nʱ}}
|  
|  
| '''đ''' /d/
|  
| '''ɟ''' /ɟ/
| {{IPA|ŋʱ}}
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
! rowspan="4" | Stop
| '''f''' /f/
! voiceless
| '''þ''' /θ/
| {{IPA|p}}
| '''ß''' /s/
| {{IPA|t}}
| '''s''' /ç/
|
| '''h, ch''' /x/
|
| '''ƕ''' /xʷ/
|  
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
! aspirated
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|
|
| '''r''' /r/
|-
! breathy
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|d}}
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! implosive
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
| ɗ
|
|
|
| ɠ
|
|
| '''l''' /l/
| '''j''' /j/
|
| '''w''' /w/
|}
Plosives are devoiced and unreleased word-finally.
====Vowels====
The vowel system is more complex.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Wiobian vowels'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! voiceless
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| {{IPA|f}}
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|ɬ}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| x
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! breathy
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| {{IPA|v}}
|-
| {{IPA|z}}
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| {{IPA|ɮ}}
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''', '''ë''' /[[Media:Trây i short.ogg|i]]/
| '''i''', '''ë''' /[[Media:Trây i long.ogg|ii]]/
| '''ü''' /y/
| '''ü''' /yy/
|
|
| '''u''' /[[Media:Trây u short.ogg|u]]/
| ɣ
| '''u''' /uu/
| {{IPA|ɦ}}
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| '''e''' /[[Media:Trây e short.ogg|e]]/
| '''e''' /ee/
| '''ö''' /ø/
| '''ö''' /øø/
| /ə/
| '''o''' /[[Media:Trây o short.ogg|o]]/
| '''o''' /oo/
|-
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
! rowspan="2" | Approximant
| '''ä''' /[[Media:Trây ä short.ogg|ɛ]]/
! plain
| '''ä''' /[[Media:Trây ä long.ogg|ɛɛ]]/
|
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA|l}}
| '''å''' /[[Media:Trây å short.ogg|ɔ]]/
| {{IPA|j}}
| '''å''' /[[Media:Trây å long.ogg|ɔɔ]]/
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''a''' /a/
| '''a''' /aa/
|  
|  
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}


Diphthongs: '''au aü ei ie io iö uo üö''', pronounced as expected.
===Vowels===
i ï u e ë o ä a /i ɨ u e ə o æ ɑ/


====Stress====
===Tones===
The first syllable of the root was heavily stressed, at the expense of prefixes and endings.
No tone


===Orthography===
==Some Clofablang==
''All and only'' nouns are capitalized.
*Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ
*Vowel harmony groups:
**high tense: i ʉ
**high lax: ɪ ʊ
**low: æ ʌ
**ə is neutral


===Nouns===
==Russo-Salish==
5 cases:
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
*nominative
*accusative
*genitive
*dative
*predicative
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="width: 270px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Indefinite article
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
! style="width: 90px;" | Singular
!colspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex
!colspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
! Nominative
! <small>hard</small>
| ''ƕieme, me'' ||
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>hard</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>hard</small>
|-
|-
! Accusative
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
| ''ƕiemeß, meß'' ||
!<small>glottalized</small>
| ||
| n̪ʼ || nʲʼ
|  
| ŋʲʼ
| ŋʼ
|  
|-
|-
! Genitive
!<small>plain</small>
| ''ƕiemeþ, meþ'' ||
| m || mʲ
| n̪ || nʲ
|
| ŋʲ
| ŋ
|  
|-
|-
! Dative
!rowspan="3" | Stop
| ''ƕiemes, mes'' ||
!<small>plain</small>
|-
| ||  
! Predicative
| t̪ || tʲ
| ''ƕiem'' ||  
|  
|}
| kʲ
 
| k
 
| ʔ
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="width: 270px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''Hiul'' - wind
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
!<small>ejective</small>
! style="width: 90px;" | Singular
| ||
!  style="width: 90px;" | Plural
| t̪ʼ || tʲʼ
|
| kʲʼ
| kʼ
|  
|-
|-
! Nominative
!<small>voiced</small>
| ''Hiul'' || ''Hiule''
| b || bʲ
| d̪ || dʲ
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Accusative
!rowspan="3" | Affricate
| ''Hiuleß'' || ''Hiulen''
!<small>plain</small>
| ||
| ts || tsʲ
| tʂ
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
! Genitive
!<small>ejective</small>
| ''Hiuleþ'' || ''Hiule''
| ||  
| tsʼ || tsʲʼ
| tʂʼ
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Dative
!<small>voiced</small>
| ''Hiules'' || ''Hiulens''
| ||
|-
| dz || dzʲ
! Predicative
| dʐ
| ''Hiule'' || ''Hiule''
|  
|}
|  
 
|  
===Verbs===
Subject pronouns are not dropped.
 
*''<sup>U</sup>-en'': 1st person singular
*''-eß'': 2nd person singular
*''-en'': 3rd person singular animate
*''-e'': 3rd person singular inanimate
*''-eme/-en'': 1st person plural exclusive
*''-en'': 1st person plural inclusive
*''-el'': 2nd person plural
*''<sup>U</sup>-e'': 3rd person plural
 
Many verbs have a past tense stem distinct from the present tense stem. However auxiliary constructions are necessary to unambiguously indicate tense.
 
Present tense reduplicated stem ''pep-~piep-'':
*''inn piepen Zalleß'' 'I love the man'
*''ie'' (m.)/''wie'' (f.) ''pepeß'' 'thou lovest'
*''þa pepen'' 's/he loves'
*''þan pepe'' 'it loves'
*''uom pepeme/pepen'' 'we (exc.) love'
*''ƕind pepen'' 'we (inc.) love'
*''lind pepel'' 'ye love'
*''þute piepe'' 'they love'
 
Imperative is formed with the present tense stem:
*''pep!'' 'love (thou)!'
*''pepen!'' 'let us love!'
*''pepel!'' 'love (ye)!'
 
Past tense stem ''pie-'':
*''inn pien'' 'I loved'
*''ie'' (m.)/''wie'' (f.) ''pieß'' 'thou lovedst'
*''þa pien'' 's/he loved'
*''þan pie'' 'it loved'
*''om pien/pieme'' 'we loved'
*''lind piel'' 'ye loved'
*''þute pie'' 'they loved'
 
===Syntax===
 
====Relative clauses====
 
:'''''na Đrott himm liuwes nükksen, geto uom naß ƕoleme.'''''
:<small>ANA-SG.NOM thief-NOM 2PL-DAT yesterday steal-3SG.AN here 1EX.NOM ANA.ACC see-1EX</small>
:''This is where we saw the thief that robbed you yesterday.'' (Note that the demonstrative ''na'' both marks the relativized noun and refers to it.)
 
:'''''geto uom himm liuwes nükksen Đrotteß ƕoleme.'''''
:<small>here 1EX.NOM 2PL-DAT yesterday steal-3SG.AN thief-SG.ACC see-1EX</small>
:''This is where we saw the thief that robbed you yesterday.''
 
:'''''geto uom ƕoleme gaß nükksen liuwes himm gaß Đrotteß.'''''
:<small>here 1EX.NOM see-1EX DEF-SG.ACC steal-3SG.AN 2PL-DAT DEF-SG.ACC thief-SG.ACC</small>
:''This is where we saw the thief that robbed you yesterday.''
<!--
Die '''wiobische Sprache''' ist eine stark divergente, in Wiober gesprochene gamedanische Sprache (vgl. wiob. ''Janker'' 'Ozean' (< PGmd {{recon|''wjénq-''}} 'Wasser') + {{recon|''-ōr''}} Kollektiv-Suffix)). Das Altwiobische gilt als klassische Sprache. Das Neuwiobsche wird nach der altwiobischen Orthographie geschrieben, die Aussprache (sowie die Grammatik) ist jedoch ganz anders als jene des Altwiobischen.
===Phonologie===
===Substantive===
===Verben===
===Syntax===
:'''''me Đrott himm liuwes nükksen, geto uom meß ƕoleme.'''''
:<small>PROX-SG.NOM Dieb-NOM 2PL-DAT gestern stehlen-3SG.AN hier 1EX.NOM PROX.ACC sehen-1EX</small>
:''Hier sahen wir den Dieb, der gestern Euch bestohlen hat.''
 
:'''''geto uom himm liuwes nükksen Đrotteß ƕoleme.'''''
:<small>hier 1EX.NOM 2PL-DAT gestern stehlen-3SG.AN Dieb-SG.ACC sehen-1EX</small>
:''Hier sahen wir den Dieb, der gestern Euch bestohlen hat.''
 
:'''''geto uom ƕoleme gaß nükksen liuwes himm gaß Đrotteß.'''''
:<small>hier 1EX.NOM sehen-1EX DEF-SG.ACC stehlen-3SG.AN 2PL-DAT gestern DEF-SG.ACC Dieb-SG.ACC</small>
:''Hier sahen wir den Dieb, der gestern Euch bestohlen hat.''
-->
 
==Semitic notes==
 
u/i merge: Ge'ez; a/i merge: (kinda) Hebrew; a/u merge: (kinda) Socovíc as of 3/16/2015
 
==Or maybe settle for this==
{{cardo|iomo, ioma, iome, iomuma, iomima, iomima<br/>
lela, lela, lela, lelato, lelate, lelate}}
 
 
{{cardo|ásmoro, ásmor; tásmoro, tásmor; tásmori; iásmoro, iásmor; iásmori; násmoro, násmor; tásmoru; iásmoru}}
 
==North Semlang 2nd try==
*still want conditional a/u merger and nasal Vs
*i-umlaut
**a, u > ø / _Ci
**ā > é / _Ci
**u > ø / _Ci
**ū > ý / _Ci
**aw > ǿ / _Ci
**ay > í / _Ci
*need to start from triptotic declension here:
 
===PNSem===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| f || fʲ
| s || sʲ
| ʂ
| xʲ
| x
| h
|-
|-
! Nominative
!<small>voiced</small>
| ''yawmu'' || ''yawmā(mi)'' || ''yawmū(ma)''
| v || vʲ
| z || zʲ
| ʐ
| ɣʲ
| ɣ
|  
|-
|-
! Accusative
!rowspan=2| Approximant
| ''yawma'' || ''yawmay(mi)'' || ''yawmī(ma)''
!<small>glottalized</small>
| ||
| lˠʼ || lʲʼ
|  
| jʼ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! Genitive
!<small>plain</small>
| ''yawmi'' || ''yawmay(mi)'' || ''yawmī(ma)''
| ||
| lˠ || lʲ
| 
| j
|
|
|}
|}


===Early===
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
! style="" |Close
| i
|  
| u
|-
|-
! Nominative
! style="" |Mid
| ''jóm'' || ''jómá(mi)'' || ''jómú(m)''
|  
| ə
|  
|-
|-
! Accusative
! style="" |Open
| ''jóm''~''jómi'' || ''jómé(mi)'' || ''jómí(m)''
|  
|-
| a
! Genitive
|  
| ''jómi'' || ''jómé(mi)'' || ''jómí(m)''
|}
|}


==Judeo-Indo-Aryan==
==Salish + Old Chinese==
A modern Indo-Aryan language spoken by Jews in India.
m n ŋ ŋʷ
 
mʼ nʼ ŋʼ ŋʷʼ
*Use Babylonian Hebrew, not Tiberian Hebrew
p t ts k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
*Differs more from Hindustani than Yiddish does from German
pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ
*Lot of additional palatalization
b d dz g gʷ ɢ ɢʷ
 
s r rʼ l lʼ (+ phar'd versions of each)
==Atzòpic==
a e i o u ə
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|name = Atzòpic
|nativename = hìzbut atzòpį
|pronunciation= [atsəˈpĩ]
|region =
|extinct =
|fam1=Zachydic
|fam2=Raxo-Talsmic
|fam3=Ractamic
|familycolor=zachydic
|ancestor=Old Atzòpic
|script= Raxic script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
 
''Neguąsitł Linguifeczix, acthìzbutètł dǫsix uicìx!''
 
Motivated by Raxic C[+ejective]V > Atzòpic C[-ejective]V[+creaky] - Hence the ejectives disappear.
 
/ks/ > /xs/ > /ʃ/


Seven cases:
==CW language sketch==
m n
p t ts k q
b d dz g
s h ʀ
w l r j


*nominative -Ø
i u
*accusative ''-z''
e o
*genitive ''-c'' (animate sg.?)/''-z'' (inanimate sg.?)/''-u'' (animate pl.?)
æ a
*dative ''-tł''
*locative-comitative ''-x''
*ablative ''-ː~'' (nasalized vowel)
*instrumental ''-ːl''


Vowels change according to historical stress positions as well as historical ejective consonants. The Ractamic stress/vowel system start out similarly to Latin, but develop in very different directions.
==Some auxlang?==
 
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="10" | Consonants
|+ '''Consonants'''
|-
! colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 136px; "|
! |Labial
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Labial
! |Coronal
! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Coronal
! |Palatal
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! |Velar
! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Velar
! |Glottal
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
! style="width:68px;" |<small>central</small>
! style="width:68px;" |<small>lateral</small>
! style="width:68px;" |<small>plain</small>
! style="width:68px;" |<small>labialized</small>
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
Line 600: Line 741:
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
|  
|  
|  
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
| <span style="color:gray;">[ŋ]</span>
|
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style=""  |Plosive
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |<small>tenuis</small>
! |<small>unaspirated</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''b''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''d''' /t/
| '''j''' /tɕ/
| '''g''' /k/
|  
|  
|
| '''c''' /k/
| '''qu''' /kʷ/
|
| '''h''' /ʔ/
|-
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| '''b''' /pʰ/
| '''p''' /pʰ/
| '''d''' /tʰ/
| '''t''' /tʰ/
|
| '''ch''' /tɕʰ/
|
| '''k''' /kʰ/
| '''g''' /kʰ/
| '''gu''' /kʷʰ/
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''f''' /f/
| '''z''' /s~z/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''ł''' /ɬ/
| '''sh''' /ɕ/
| '''x''' /ʃ/
| '''kh''' /x/
|
| '''h''' /h/
|
|
|<span style="color:gray;">[ʰ~ɦ]</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Affricate
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! |<small>tenuis</small>
| '''w''' /w~v/
|
| '''l''' /l/; '''r''' /r/
| '''tz''' /ts/
| '''y''' /j/
| '''tł''' /tɬ/
| '''tx''' /tʃ/
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| '''r''' /r/
|  
|  
| '''dz''' /tsʰ/
| '''dł''' /tɬʰ/
| '''dx''' /tʃʰ/
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowels'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
! style="width: 60px; "|
|  
!  style="width: 60px; " |Front
| '''s''' /ɹ/
!  style="width: 60px; " |Central
| '''l''' /l/
!  style="width: 60px; " |Back
| '''y''' /j/
|-
|  
! style="" |Close
| '''u''' /w/
| '''i''' /i/
| '''s''' [ʁ]
|
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ə''' /ø~ə~ɤ/
| '''o''' /o/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Trill
! style="" |Open
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|  
|  
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|
|}
|}


==Tīzian==
Diphthongs: '''ai ao''' /ai au/
Another Ractamic/Neo-Raxic thing


==Music theory terminology==
===Phonotactics===
*blackwood[10] major: ''rāmáth'' 'diurnal'
Consonant clusters are disallowed, except medial geminates and -NC- sequences. Only /p t k m n ŋ/ can come in word-final position.
*blackwood[10] minor: ''mináth'' 'nocturnal'
*the different ways of subtly tuning/i.e. well-temperaments are called 'seasons' (that lengthen or shorten the day and night).


==Juttjick Kâmrâ' Waong==
==Σȣομʚ==
'''I.'''


''Juttjick Kâmrâ' Waong,''<br/>
Καʚκκʚ ʚⱶμʚσετ συντυϝητ ϝαπαʚνα ια τασαϝερταʚσʚνα αρϝολτααν ια οʚκεȣκσʚλτααν. Ⱶεʚλλε ον αννεττȣ ιηρκʚ ια οματȣντο, ια ⱶεʚδην ον τοʚμʚτταϝα τοʚσʚααν κοⱶτααν ϝελιευδεν ⱶεγγεσση.
''Ngüe Quur fâm'oy Plaong;''<br/>
''Zott Mâmzäk prâbeis''<br/>
''Loch lea Dâmgnenn Zweis!''<br/>
''Wnirr Jâmtâmlech ngou,''<br/>
''Feytaön zitt zâ Smou''<br/>
''Möt målei Jimkbael,''<br/>
''Seüruz daodue hael''<br/>


==Qe!==
Jāheqozron vemālaerus qe doñanqerosy.
==Pristac Guanorliviroc==


<poem>
<poem>
An ever-present companion,
Leißelbeiger Glündesschnock,
S/he sought us out in our distress,
bhfaoigh na dhruisce leis an ngloc,
с куздом твачу зблодащок,
pristac guanorliviroc!
 
Tyűlöszöbbes hávaltok,
ṇentronné veux mains du roque,
geuteureun madeul ryeonmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!
 
Iūcullātur plexē hoc,
Takzitxerri ezbantzok,
Ηζειν ευθρασιν στουροκ,
pristac guanorliviroc!
 
Nguyết sảnh xưa nỡn hầng màu trọc,
Cuālliquimeh huixōtloc,
tʰˁawk pgəts məlˁaj n̊əŋs qʷʰˁraʔ tkʰˁens nˁrok,
pristac guanorliviroc!
 
Raamaanujanniaviusuq-
qanngutsijałłaumiartuq,
Post hoc ergo propter hoc,
pristac guanorliviroc!
 
Zíj phlàa vîek rang dèt Bangkok,
Satthayaarongsamphonnok,
Pikna la-magtef litzmok,
pristac guanorliviroc!
</poem>
</poem>


==Talsmic==
==Finno-Arabic==
===Themsarian===
/t tˁ k q ʔ f s sˁ x χ h m n l r w j a aa ə əə i ii u uu ai au əi əu ia ua iə uə/
In Themsarian the topic is NOT prominent - the topic comes immediately after the verb most of the time?


===Old Vernacular Talsmic===
==Irish with pharyngealized consonants==
Old Vernacular Talsmic dialects are largely similar to Noble Themsarian, but there are grammatical, lexical and stylistic differences:
*Using the subject-infinitive more and more, eventually to express various aspectual and modal meanings.
**The synthetic preterite falls into disuse, being supplanted by the "after {{sc|infinitive-subject}}" construction.
*Collapses all state distinctions in adjectives (into the former predicative form)
*The dual is often not used, except for emphasis or stylistic reasons.




Given topic prominence and topicalization = fronting, new (discourse-new) subject is fronted, since it is new topic. Then this becomes a topic prominent/V2 language as in vernacular Talsmic. Relative clauses are by default VSO but can undergo fronting for focus. Discourse-new object is fronted as well.
/a/: a ea ae eae
/e/: oeu eu oe e
/i/: ai ia aia i
/o/: o uo uea ue
/u/: aua ua au u


===Qelorian===
==Uncanny valley Korean==
*The subject of a relative clause is indexed by adding a pronominal suffix on the head (if they are different)
Consonants: /m n ŋ bʰ dʰ dzʰ gʰ p t ts k f s fʰ sʰ h w j r ʔ/


===Núrian===
Postvocalic /ʔ/ may be realized as creaky voice.
"Double Irish" aesthetic? Namely, fricatives 'h' + aspiration written with 'h'. The same could be accomplished with slenderness with...?


==Diachronics lab==
Vowels:  /i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ æ a/
Pluractionality ≈ antipassive


we exc/inc > we formal/intimate
==Proto-Eomujic==
*ä, a, e, o
*eu, i <- syllabic resonants


Demonstrative/definite affix > construct state: PL-clam-those [of the] man > PL-clam-CONST man
*p t k p’ t’ k’ b d g
*s z ts ts’ ʂ ʐ ʈʂ ʈʂ’
*m n ŋ r l ʀ w j h
==Gleb phonologies==
===SEA-esque===
m̥ m n̻̥ n̻ ɲ̥ ɲ
mb mɓ̰ nd̻ nɗ̰̻ nɗ̱̰ nd͡ʒ
pʰ p b ɓ̰ tʰ̻ t̻ d̻ ɗ̰̻ t͡s̻ ɗ̱̰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k
ɸ β s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ x h
l̻ j w


Classifiers are in construct state
i iː ɨ ɨː u uː
e eː ɘ ɘː o oː
ɛ ɛː ɜ ɜː ɔ ɔː
a aː
===Indic-esque===
m̥ m n̥ n ɳ̥ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ
pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ kʰ k g ʔ
f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
r ɽ j
i u
ɪ ʊ
ɑ


this CL NOUN > the.GENDER NOUN


apposition NOUN-1SG NOUN > CL-1SG NOUN > of_i-1SG NOUN_i
(C1)V(C2)


PREP-3SG NOUN > CASE.SG-NOUN
C1: a consonant


CONJ VERB NOUN > PREP NOUN
V: a vowel


evidential-marking "because" or "therefore", as opposed to the protasis verb
C2: a non-palatal consonant other than a postalveolar consonant or one of /d g z ɣ/; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n pʰ p b tʰ t kʰ k ʔ f v s x h r/


feminine > abstract > honorific
===Pseudo-Polynesian===


==Dili==
m n̻ p b t̻ d̻ k g l̻ j w i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ɔ a
'''Dili''' ('''diḷi khokši''') is a Bonzic language using sizable clitic complexes.


*Relative clauses occur before the noun. There is no marking save the order.
(C)V


==Witcanese==
C: a consonant
Wetcanese is a mainly agglutinative, head-final language.


:''Kòtih wanaih kèpwanchè.''
V: a vowel
::<small>1SG.GEN-ERG mother-ERG 1SG.ABS-hate-WIT</small>
::My mother used to hate me.
===Phonology===
Wetcanese has a simple syllable structure relative to most European languages. Permissible syllable shapes are V, CV, VC, CVC, CGV, and CGVC where G is a glide.


===Grammar===
Gleb seed 1516956979
====Nouns====
 
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
===Liquidless pseudo-French===
|-
m n̻ ṉ p b t̻ d̻ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g f v s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ h w i y u ɛ ɛ̃ œ œ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã
! colspan="5"| '''Noun Declension'''
 
|-
(C1)V(C2)
!scope="row" width="110px"|Number→<br/>Case↓
 
!colspan="2" width="165px" scope="col"|Singular
C1: a consonant
!colspan="2" width="165px" scope="col"|Plural
 
|-
V: a vowel
!scope="row"|Absolutive
 
|colspan="2"|''-0''
C2: a consonant
|colspan="2"|''-w'', ''-u''
 
|-
Gleb seed 1601724777
!scope="row"|Ergative
 
|colspan="2"|''-ih''
===A nice one===
|colspan="2"|''-wih''
|-
!scope="row"|Dative
|colspan="2"|''-af''
|colspan="2"|''-waf''
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|''-him''
|colspan="2"|''-uhim'', ''-whim''
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|''-chay''
|colspan="2"|''-uchay'', ''-wchay''
|-
!scope="row"|Comitative
|colspan="2"|''-yã''
|colspan="2"|''-uyã'', ''-wyã''
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|''-run''
|colspan="2"|''-urun'', ''-wrun''
|-
!scope="row"|Essive
|colspan="2"|''-hòg''
|colspan="2"|''-uhòg'', ''-whòg''
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="4"|''-t-'' (see Genitive declension)
|-
|}


====Adjectives and Genitives====
m n̻ nʲ̻ tʰ̻ t̻ kʰ k kʷ f s̻ l̻ i iː u uː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː a aː ã ãː
Adjectives (including genitives) agree with the noun in case and number. Adjectives take the same endings as nouns. However, many adjectives are genitive adjectives formed form nouns, corresponding to the adjectival suffix in other languages.


(C1)V(C2)


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
C1: a consonant
|-
! colspan="5"| '''Genitive Declension'''
|-
!scope="row" width="110px"|Number→<br/>Case↓
!colspan="2" width="165px" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" width="165px" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Absolutive
|colspan="2"|''-t''
|colspan="2"|''-tèw''
|-
!scope="row"|Ergative
|colspan="2"|''-tih''
|colspan="2"|''-twih''
|-
!scope="row"|Dative
|colspan="2"|''-taf''
|colspan="2"|''-twaf''
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|''-thim''
|colspan="2"|''-tuhim''
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|''-tchay''
|colspan="2"|''-tuchay''
|-
!scope="row"|Comitative
|colspan="2"|''-tyã''
|colspan="2"|''-tuyã''
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|''-tèrun''
|colspan="2"|''-turun''
|-
!scope="row"|Essive
|colspan="2"|''-thòg''
|colspan="2"|''-tuhòg''
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="4"|''-tèt-''
|-
|}


====Verbs====
V: a vowel
Verbs in Wetcanese have no tense or aspect inflection; instead, there is evidentiality and mood which can do double duty as certain tenses The irrealis is the default, unmarked mood/evidentiality, serving the role of the infinitive or the future in other languages.


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 275px; text-align: center;"
C2: a consonant other than /nʲ̻/
|-
! colspan="2"| '''Wetcanese mood/evidentiality affixes'''
|-
! width="110px"|irrealis
| width="165px"|''-Ø''
|-
!|witness
|''-chè''
|-
!|emphatic
|''-kòd''
|-
!|jurative
|''-tèmuh''
|-
!|quotative
|''-sha''
|-
!|mirative
|''-quh''
|-
!|hearsay
|''-ot''
|-
!|inferential
|''-eq''
|-
!|assumptive
|''-rwè''
|-
!|optative
|''-mes''
|-
!|imperative
|''-wõ''
|-
!|potential
|''-hiw''
|-
!|desiderative
|''-pãs''
|-
!|admonitive
|''-ay''
|-
!|permissive
|''-hyè''
|}


:''Phátu nuku'''chè'''...''
Gleb seed 1364524938
::''When did I last see it... (lit. When it was_located-I saw...)''


The mirative marks new information that the speaker is witnessing. It often corresponds to present tense. In narratives it is used to exhort the listener for attention.
===vaguely Clofab===
consonants:


:''Qayòlih milám huga'''quh'''.''
m n mb nd ndz ŋg p b t d ts dz k g mv nz f v s z h r w
::''Hey, the demon's chasing the dog!/Behold, the demon chased the dog.''


The quotative is used for information from third-party sources deemed to be authoritative. As such it is the evidential most often encountered in narratives.
vowels:


:''Qayòlih milám huga'''sha'''.''
a e i o u
::''The demon chased the dog. (narrative)''


The admonitive is used in prohibitions and warnings, and for negative purpose clauses.
syllable structure: (C)V


:''Phi qhashãs'''ay'''''
Gleb seed 1390372573
::''Do not wander around''
:''ha ãbè mòsip'''ay'''''
::''lest this be forgotten''


Wetcanese makes use of verbal affixes, instead of intonation (like English) or word order (as in some European languages and Celtic/Hebrew), in order to focus a constituent.
===Liquidless phonology===
m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ mpʰ mb ntʰ nd ŋkʰ pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ʔ f s x


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 275px; text-align: center;"
a e ɛ i o ɔ u
|-
! colspan="2"| '''Focus prefixes'''
|-
! width="110px"|absolutive
| width="165px"|''ne-''
|-
!|ergative
|''hin-''
|-
!|beneficiary
|''mac-''
|-
!|instrument
|''qo-''
|-
!|location
|''ya-''
|-
!|source
|''hòt-''
|-
!|goal
|''up-''
|-
!|time
|''al-''
|}


==TAM session==
(C)V(N)
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="2"| '''Aspect-mood clitics'''
|-
|Ø
|aorist
|-
|''d(i)-''
|progressive
|-
|
|prospective
|-
|
|inceptive
|-
|
|continuative
|-
|
|pausative
|-
|
|resumptive
|-
|
|cessative
|-
|
|retrospective
|}


C: a consonant


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
V: a vowel
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Person-tense clitics'''
|-
!scope="row"|Number→<br/>Person↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singulative
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Generic/Partitive
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plurative
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Present'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|''*na-''
|colspan="4"|''*xa-'' (exclusive); ''*ŋe-'' (inclusive)
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|''*sa-''
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|''*zə-''
|colspan="2"|''*cə-''
|colspan="2"|''*za-''
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Past'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Future'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Jussive'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ/
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Person enclitics'''
|-
!scope="row"|Number→<br/>Person↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singulative
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Generic/Partitive
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plurative
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}


===Nominal declension===
Gleb seed 1408165181


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
==A Damin==
|-
*Nasals: ɱ n̼ ɳ ɲ
! colspan="17"| '''Declension'''
*Plosives: d̼ ʈ c'
|-
*Affricates: tθ ʡħ
!scope="row"|Number→
*Fricatives: ð̼ θ̱ ç
!colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col"|Generic
*Clicks: ʞ
!colspan="4" scope="col"|Partitive
*Liquids: ʙ ʟ ʢ
!colspan="4" scope="col"|Singulative
*vowels: y ɤ æ
!colspan="4" scope="col"|Plurative
|-
!scope="row"|Definiteness→
!colspan="2"|<small>'''Indefinite'''</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>'''Definite'''</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>'''Indefinite'''</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>'''Definite'''</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>'''Indefinite'''</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>'''Definite'''</small>
|-
!scope="row"|Unpossessed
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|1sg
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|2sg
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3sg.animate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3sg.inanimate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|1ex
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|1in
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|2pl
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3pl.animate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3pl.inanimate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Impersonal
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Partitive
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}


==No idea if this will work==
==from An Bhlaoighne==
<poem>
big: go qhéith
small: go mionn (from Latin "minimus")
long: go mheal
short: go laomh
wide: go raoi
narrow: go cuachar
thick: go scúil
thin: go h-ádh
woman: an fháixe, na bhfáixe
man: an beathra, na mbeathra
child: an stíotha, na stíotha
mother: an feadhan-fháixe?
father: an feadhan-beathra?
na bhfeadhan-fháixe, na bhfeadhan-beathra
wife: an sleith-fháixe
husband: an sleith-beathra
na dhsleith-fháixe, na dhsleith-beathra
fish: an déimhe, na dhéimhe
bird: an chuar, na cuar
(all these are from the bhadhagha gib)
dog: an lior, na lior
louse: an h-úmha, na n-úmha
snake: an bhfaost, na faost
worm: an ghean, na ngean
tree: an daodha, na dhaodha
forest: an ríne, na ríne
stick: an cuath, na chuath
fruit: an thamha, na dtamha
seed: an páile, na páile
leaf: an fhuix, na bhfuix
root: an dhóife, na dhóife
bark: an cior, na cior
flower: an qeógh, na qheógh
grass: an rúiche, na rúiche
rope: an mbuad, na bhuad
skin: an geabh, na gheabh
meat: an ceith, na gceith
blood: an dhséabha, na dhséabha
bone: an reist, na reist
fat: an xuile, na xuile
egg: an qé, na qhé *hmoob intensifies*
horn: an n-aire, na h-aire
tail: an h-aoi, na h-aoi
feather: an gcoít, na choít
hair: an núcha, na núcha
head: an snith, na snith
ear: an dtiocha, na tiocha
eye: an fheirn, na bhfeirn
nose: an gaoine, na ngaoine
mouth: an cnuile, na chnuile
tooth: an iacha, na h-iacha
tongue: an bhlaoighne? 😀
fingernail: an sciofhth, na sciofhth
foot: an reithe, na reithe
leg: an ndeocha reith, na dheocha reith
knee: an xionn reith, na dhxionn reith
hand: flúin
an bhflúin, na fhlúin
arm: an ndeocha bhflúin, na dheocha bhflúin
elbow: an xionn bhflúin, na dhxionn bhflúin
wing: an ceamh, na gceamh
belly: an táile, na tháile
guts: an nquinneach, na quinneach
neck: an xaoiphe, na xaoiphe
back: an mbíolbh, na bíolbh
breast: an dhsracht, na sracht
heart: an luisc, na luisc
liver: an steóisc, na dhsteóisc
go neábha 'to drink'
go séic 'to eat'
go xumhadh 'to bite'
go scéimh 'to suck'
go fiara 'to spit, to eject'
go fiara an néitheasach 'to vomit'
go fíoxa 'to blow'
go stúimhe 'to breathe'
go sraoth 'to laugh'
go bhfeirthe 'to see'
go dtiodh 'to hear'
go xeólaigh 'to know'
go bhrainne 'to think'


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
to smell: go mbuir
|-
fear: an xaoithe, na dhxaoithe
! colspan="9"| '''Conjugation'''
to sleep: go h-uaileas
|-
to live: go chaith
! colspan="3"| '''Infinitive'''
</poem>
| colspan="4"|
|-
! colspan="3"| '''Active participle'''
| colspan="4"|
|-
! colspan="3"| '''Antipassive participle'''
| colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|Number→<br/>Person↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singulative
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Collective/Partitive
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plurative
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Aorist'''
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Active voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Passive voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Antipassive voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Imperfect'''
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Active voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Passive voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Antipassive voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Imperative'''
|-
! colspan="9"| '''Active voice'''
|-
!scope="row"|1
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|2
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|-
!scope="row"|3
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}


dance: from An Bhlaoighne "dannsa" (to move to a beat), from "dann" (beat; imitative of a drum) + -tha/-the verbalizer (-nnth- becomes -nns-)


{{gloss
==Long German gibby word==
|phrase=plân tròung '''''or''''' tròung plân
Brüschlingssträpfchenentzürmungsdreicherwildeleischenerbröpflichkeitsspülzergebraußerspeichelsmäudsgrefferklittenwertsbrimmendlicherungsschnäfternascherndräckelbassungsbärzenherdlichengerützelbeunungströtterbeteibertenspründerschlettengeschärtungsentdraufengeschiemlichkeitsneftertreuenhauscheraufstrüpfenanwadlungsstaufengrammlermeitscherluchseneinstrupfungsgeweidsschmesserdornenbekeifersträmpferentblüstungsgefrützerhaumenrießenschweiherbockerschaftsbedeuferungsbezandlungsgestürdenscheuchterdachsergeisterzerbrüttungsfrätterschoffergriedenteckenschwindsgemerzenheitsbrauftenscharnesspeizendentkremmensielesstrüstergezwohrenenvergräuferspeilenhuftschuckerverwaftungsschmagenentdränzerwinkenmeundenbielerglüftenverzäumlichkeitspfarnengortenspahlenentschrangenkrindenschufendriechengreierschnockenwiegerwungenschieberdähmenstuchtgejästnisgräbenspunkereienschneiligungsspürzenknafterschaumenbrußenbedreuernisjackerkeldungsheidenschmüsselnzudrenkenrumpferleigungsbehedigungsschweiterwackengesteckerbeizerwendungsfrüchlingszweibenseiderschangenhubergeidengemermlichkeitsgelechterschlammengogengettenberzlerfiegenlundenbädelnspanderquändelerbeichenstahrgebütenhenerbluhnenentzängerbreumenbefärzigergampfendreigenschaftszerbrenklungsgebrohungsschmindlergaftengaufsgekemmtenbräuzchenzerkreinerndenschleitenhaufsdröffernzerschwällenzwünderdreisungsenttrebenpflingergreuferschmaunenverrümmerkreibenquängerheitsschmatterverzwenkerungsflebereibenguftenjangereideldreibengangenbleizerbehürberschierdequammerhüngenbrössenbekleiterzwandengemiegerzeistigungsbegählnisberachtungsschwadenkrütteranklaumenschweicherleinerbröhnungsneidelnkufenschrankenziederdrabenschöhlerbruhnspeutscherentgäumungsvergürblichungsverweidnisglündergehuhmendreucherbeibengreusteszwerterschründereienbücklingserstorchenspienerhetschergohrenausschweislichkeitenlemdengetranderschrifferbeschlecherlingswingerkrantengedärzerzärncheneinfleuderhackerstälzenbriednisseigerungsverdraußerräuchselstommerfrätzelschlünterstürglingszwätcheneinblittsgespüßenentdriedenschwünterheibenstalerfernersteilendrüßentrachersträtzgeschwiebendeineslorteskehrwarteurendspannwachenblatzstaufentreischentraubengetöhlerbaußenhauerdinzenbeklaunerwießenkeitsbeschärfigungsgewichtsbraudenwederklaumsbefritzenscheiberdänzelungsmeitelwischerbeschorkenklubenwunderzäugswögerblüschenbenäudigungsheibenentpfeischerlammenwiedenbewegsweitchenläumlichkeitsgrüberdraßterwallenheuertriebenentpfernerkreidenlächtnisstreußerentrüchelvermaußerheitsverbrüschenwerdenwolderschrahnenzäudsgemischerpflechtsschreuerkrüßenpfeischenlangenläubgeschlindersträuelheitsschreberkäuftigkeitsmeierwünnenbäserhattenkraufengeschreudsentwerdsbeeigenbrännenbrauerbrindenschannenklüserwächtsweugenklagergessenbeienrüchtsraußenbewindenschlafterheitsentreffenschmeierlachtwießerschrupfenbeschwündsverziechengeschlächerlauferzernessenheitsgraußenschlöderleinswangenkehrenberaußwischerleitenracherschwegerfäudlichenzabenwündenerkrufenhaubswaudendissengäuberlampfenschrümberfiedsgräubenbedachenmahrenschreudsverschmaßenheitssprüngenentwöhlerbeschluntenhübenreunsbeneifsverzöhnenbeleifernempfäusungswichtheitsgederfsschwermenlückenanzweißenlauschungsfriegschwipferlangsberüngenschehnenblöckenzärferlachsgewindenmaubennaubenpaubentaubenkaubenbaubendaubengaubenpfaubenzaubentschaubensaubenschaubenfaubenwaubenjaubenhaubenlaubenraubenpraubentraubenkraubenbraubendraubengraubenpfraubenfraubenplaubenklaubenblaubenglaubenpflaubenflaubenknaubengnaubenstaubenspaubenschmaubenschnaubenschlaubenschraubenschwaubenstraubenspraubenmausennausenpausentausenkausenbausendausengausenpfausenzausentschausensausenschausenfausenwausenjausenhausenlausenrausenprausentrausenkrausenbrausendrausengrausenpfrausenfrausenplausenklausenblausenglausenpflausenflausenknausengnausenstausenspausenschmausenschnausenschlausenschrausenschwausenstrausensprausenmaumennaumenpaumentaumenkaumenbaumendaumengaumenpfaumenzaumentschaumensaumenschaumenfaumenwaumenjaumenhaumenlaumenraumenpraumentraumenkraumenbraumendraumengraumenpfraumenfraumenplaumenklaumenblaumenglaumenpflaumenflaumenknaumengnaumenstaumenspaumenschmaumenschnaumenschlaumenschraumenschwaumenstraumenspraum
|IPA=/pˤán ʈʉ̌u̯ŋ/ or /ʈʉ̌u̯ŋ pˤán/
|morphemes=plân tròung/tròung plân
|gloss=teacher house/house teacher
|translation=The teacher's house}}
{{gloss
|phrase=plân {{green|mā}} tròung '''''or''''' tròung {{green|mā}} plân
|IPA=/pˤán ma̤ ʈʉ̌u̯ŋ/ or /ʈʉ̌u̯ŋ ma̤ pˤán/
|morphemes=plân {{green|mā}} tròung/tròung {{green|mā}} plân
|gloss=teacher {{green|INV}} house/house {{green|INV}} teacher
|translation=The teacher of the house}}
{{gloss
|phrase=plân mā srâlk tròung
|IPA=/pˤán ma̤ kˤī ʂákˤ ʈʉ̌u̯ŋ/
|morphemes=plân mā srâkl tròung
|gloss=teacher INV pure house
|translation=The house of the teacher of purity}}
{{gloss
|phrase=plân mā {{green|kli}} srâlk tròung
|IPA=/pˤán ma̤ kˤī ʂákˤ ʈʉ̌u̯ŋ/
|morphemes=plân mā {{green|kli}} srâkl tròung
|gloss=teacher INV {{green|DELIM}} pure house
|translation=The teacher of the house of purity}}
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