User:Webcloud: Difference between revisions

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* Morphosyntactic Alignment active-stative (7.11.7)
* Dominant Word Order SVO(informal) SOV(formal)
* Head Direction Possessive Phrase Either
* Head Direction Possessive Phrase Either
* Adpositional Phrase First
* Adpositional Phrase First
Line 16: Line 14:
* Adpositional Phrase Zero?
* Adpositional Phrase Zero?
* Verb Phrase Both (verb marks for person of direct Object, word order means case)
* Verb Phrase Both (verb marks for person of direct Object, word order means case)
* Writing Direction Primary Left to Right (character)
* Writing Direction Modern English
* Secondary Top to Bottom (line)
* Tertiary Front to Back (page)
* Script Latin
* A priori A posteriori
* Genders 4(+Genderless sometimes)
* Cases 2
* Tones no
* Nouns decline according to...
** Number, Gender, dimunitiveness
* Verbs conjugate according to...
* Verbs conjugate according to...
** Voice, Person(SUBJ)
** Voice, Person(SUBJ)
Line 40: Line 29:
** ADV - MODL - [VOICE-VOLITION] - [ASPECT-STEM-TENSE-PER-NUM]  
** ADV - MODL - [VOICE-VOLITION] - [ASPECT-STEM-TENSE-PER-NUM]  
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
=== Capitalization ===
* Nouns
* Pronouns
* Numbers
* '''NOT''' Start of sentence
===[[Oñ Fruwi/lexicon|Articles]]===
unlike most other words starting with vowels; articles don't have acute accent ō, because they combine with anything not a noun or verb & end with -o
ART - means article
{| class="fandom-table"
!
!DEF
!IDEF
|-
!O.Human
|olo
|oño
|-
!A.Living
|ola
|oña
|-
!E.Real
|ole
|oñe
|-
!I.Other
|oli
|oñi
|-
!N.Neuter
|ol
|oñ
|}
=== Declention ===
{| class="fandom-table"
!Number(Noun)
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!<small>O.</small>
| -o
| -oñ
|-
!<small>A.</small>
| -a
| -añ
|-
!<small>E.</small>
| -e
| -eñ
|-
!<small>I.</small>
| -i
| -iñ
|}
=== Collective Nouns/Classifiers ===
CL -   means collective for modern, classifier for future (V=Maybe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics) classifiers] will develop???)
word "kal" (will be in Lexicon)
for example:
* kal mano: a group of people
* kal kal mano: a group of group of people
MAY STACK INFINITELY
=== Mass Nouns ===
All nouns are treated as countable nouns, an example of such a language is turkish. The default, like turkish,  is also plural.
For example:
* Goàñe, Meaning rice, is a mass noun, but treated as a countable noun
* The singular "Goàñe" may be translated into english as "a grain of rice"
* The plural, "Goàñeñ", may be translated as "rice"


=== Conjunctions ===
=== Conjunctions ===
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** Ōgge fe doyisʌdiñ '''Berañ-Manoñ''' (X-<small>P</small> <small>HAB</small>-are=eating-<small>?P-PAST</small> this-<small>O-STAT</small> -> who-<small>P</small> <small>HAB</small>-is=eating-<small>0P-PAST</small> this-<small>O-STAT</small>)    PASS ACTI P
** Ōgge fe doyisʌdiñ '''Berañ-Manoñ''' (X-<small>P</small> <small>HAB</small>-are=eating-<small>?P-PAST</small> this-<small>O-STAT</small> -> who-<small>P</small> <small>HAB</small>-is=eating-<small>0P-PAST</small> this-<small>O-STAT</small>)    PASS ACTI P


=== VoVos ===
{| class="fandom-table"
!Voice/Volition
!Active
!Passive*
|-
!AVOL
| ∅
| fe
|-
!VOL
| le
| fle
|-
!NVOL
| re
| fre
|}
=== Verbs===
*Root:
** has to start with C where C=any consonant
** has to end with CV where V=<ʌ>
** cannot end with VCV where C=<d,s,x,g,b,f>  Rest:
** Modality is separate words (auxiliary)
** Aspect is Prefix
** Tense, Person, Number are Suffixes
==== Modality ====
* Just shown as an auxiliary/another word
* don't have syllable constraints
* Can Have Duplicates/synonyms
* '''Lexical/Free'''
==== VoVo ====
* Just shown as an auxiliary/another word
* '''Grammatical/Set'''
:{{Ambox
| name      = Conjugation
| small    = no
| subst    = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly>
| issue    = I would like to make the conjugation its own page
| style    = width: auto; margin-right: 0px;
| textstyle = width: auto;
}}
==== Conjugation ====
{| class="fandom-table"
!Aspect/ROOT/Person/Tense/Number
!0Sing
!0Plur
!1Sing
!1Plur
!2Sing
!2Plur
!3Sing
!3Plur
|-
!HAB - PST
|(...)ʌdi
|(...)ʌdiñ
|(...)odi
|(...)odiñ
|(...)adi
|(...)adiñ
|(...)edi
|(...)ediñ
|-
!HAB - REC.PST
|(...)ʌsi
|(...)ʌsiñ
|(...)osi
|(...)osiñ
|(...)asi
|(...)asiñ
|(...)esi
|(...)esiñ
|-
!HAB - PRES
|(...)ʌ
|(...)ʌñ
|(...)o
|(...)oñ
|(...)a
|(...)añ
|(...)e
|(...)eñ
|-
!HAB - REC.FUT
|(...)ʌxi
|(...)ʌxiñ
|(...)oxi
|(...)oxiñ
|(...)axi
|(...)axiñ
|(...)exi
|(...)exiñ
|-
!HAB - FUT
|(...)ʌgi
|(...)ʌgiñ
|(...)ogi
|(...)ogiñ
|(...)agi
|(...)agiñ
|(...)egi
|(...)egiñ
|-
!INCP - PST
|bo(...)ʌdi
|bo(...)ʌdiñ
|bo(...)odi
|bo(...)odiñ
|bo(...)adi
|bo(...)adiñ
|bo(...)edi
|bo(...)ediñ
|-
!INCP - REC.PST
|bo(...)ʌsi
|bo(...)ʌsiñ
|bo(...)osi
|bo(...)osiñ
|bo(...)asi
|bo(...)asiñ
|bo(...)esi
|bo(...)esiñ
|-
!INCP - PRES
|bo(...)ʌ
|bo(...)ʌñ
|bo(...)o
|bo(...)oñ
|bo(...)a
|bo(...)añ
|bo(...)e
|bo(...)eñ
|-
!INCP - REC.FUT
|bo(...)ʌxi
|bo(...)ʌxiñ
|bo(...)oxi
|bo(...)oxiñ
|bo(...)axi
|bo(...)axiñ
|bo(...)exi
|bo(...)exiñ
|-
!INCP - FUT
|bo(...)ʌgi
|bo(...)ʌgiñ
|bo(...)ogi
|bo(...)ogiñ
|bo(...)agi
|bo(...)agiñ
|bo(...)egi
|bo(...)egiñ
|-
!PROG - PST
|do(...)ʌdi
|do(...)ʌdiñ
|do(...)odi
|do(...)odiñ
|do(...)adi
|do(...)adiñ
|do(...)edi
|do(...)ediñ
|-
!PROG - REC.PST
|do(...)ʌsi
|do(...)ʌsiñ
|do(...)osi
|do(...)osiñ
|do(...)asi
|do(...)asiñ
|do(...)esi
|do(...)esiñ
|-
!PROG - PRES
|do(...)ʌ
|do(...)ʌñ
|do(...)o
|do(...)oñ
|do(...)a
|do(...)añ
|do(...)e
|do(...)eñ
|-
!PROG - REC.FUT
|do(...)ʌxi
|do(...)ʌxiñ
|do(...)oxi
|do(...)oxiñ
|do(...)axi
|do(...)axiñ
|do(...)exi
|do(...)exiñ
|-
!PROG - FUT
|do(...)ʌgi
|do(...)ʌgiñ
|do(...)ogi
|do(...)ogiñ
|do(...)agi
|do(...)agiñ
|do(...)egi
|do(...)egiñ
|-
!TERM - PST
|go(...)ʌdi
|go(...)ʌdiñ
|go(...)odi
|go(...)odiñ
|go(...)adi
|go(...)adiñ
|go(...)edi
|go(...)ediñ
|-
!TERM - REC.PST
|go(...)ʌsi
|go(...)ʌsiñ
|go(...)osi
|go(...)osiñ
|go(...)asi
|go(...)asiñ
|go(...)esi
|go(...)esiñ
|-
!TERM - PRES
|go(...)ʌ
|go(...)ʌñ
|go(...)o
|go(...)oñ
|go(...)a
|go(...)añ
|go(...)e
|go(...)eñ
|-
!TERM - REC.FUT
|go(...)ʌxi
|go(...)ʌxiñ
|go(...)oxi
|go(...)oxiñ
|go(...)axi
|go(...)axiñ
|go(...)exi
|go(...)exiñ
|-
!TERM - FUT
|go(...)ʌgi
|go(...)ʌgiñ
|go(...)ogi
|go(...)ogiñ
|go(...)agi
|go(...)agiñ
|go(...)egi
|go(...)egiñ
|}
==== Conjugation Depending on Pronoun (Pronoun - Conjugation) ====
* 1S - 1S, 2S - 2S, 1P - 1P, 2P - 2P,
* Demonstrative - 3S/3P
* Unknown Person - 0S/0P
* 0S - 0S, 0P - 0P
* Topic - 0S/0P
* Indefinite - (Universal and Existential - 0P) (Negatory and Alternative - 0S)
* Comparative/Superlative - 0P
* Impersonal in Active/Intransitive in Active - 0S
==== 4 types of Verbs: ====
* Transitive Personal [A and O]
** Active
*** '''I'''-<small>ACT</small> '''eat'''-<small>ACT</small> '''coffee'''-<small>STA</small> (i eat coffee)
**Passive*
***'''coffee'''-<small>STA</small> '''eat'''-<small>PASS</small> '''I'''-<small>ACT</small> (coffee eat i)
* Volative/Unergative Personal [S<sub>A</sub> Only]
** Active
*** '''I'''-<small>ACT</small> <small>VOL</small> '''resign'''-<small>ACT</small> (i resign)
** Passive*
*** <small>VOL</small> '''resign'''-<small>PASS</small> '''I'''-<small>ACT</small> (i resign)
*Avolative/Unergative Personal [S<sub>O</sub> Only]
**Active 
***'''It'''-<small>STA</small> <small>AVOL</small> '''fall'''-<small>ACT</small> (it falls)
**Passive*
***<small>AVOL</small> '''fall'''-<small>PASS</small> '''It'''-<small>STA</small> (falls it)
* Impersonal/Avelent  (Free)
** CANNOT HAVE PASSIVE* VERBS
*** '''rain'''-<small>ACT</small> (rain)
<nowiki>*</nowiki> here, passive doesnt mean O->A, A->∅''';''' it means O->A,A->O
==== What do those things above mean? (alignment!) ====
(A=S<sub>A</sub>, O=S<sub>O</sub> )
=== Derivative Morphology ===
=== Derivative Morphology ===
==== Participle (Verb -> ADJ) ====
==== Participle (Verb -> ADJ) ====

Latest revision as of 01:49, 10 December 2023

  • Head Direction Possessive Phrase Either
  • Adpositional Phrase First
  • Verb Phrase First
  • Adjective Phrase Final
  • Dominant Marking Possessive Phrase Either
  • Adpositional Phrase Zero?
  • Verb Phrase Both (verb marks for person of direct Object, word order means case)
  • Writing Direction Modern English
  • Verbs conjugate according to...
    • Voice, Person(SUBJ)
    • Tense, Aspect
    • Volition, Number

Classification

  • Nouns
    • [PREP - ART] - [DET.INDF - DET.DEF] - NUM - CL - ADJ(s) - NOUN
    • compound adj : all over six feet tall trees
    • either articles or determiners, cannot have both
    • no relative clauses
  • Verbs
    • ADV - MODL - [VOICE-VOLITION] - [ASPECT-STEM-TENSE-PER-NUM]

Grammar

Conjunctions

Cöordinating conjunctions (Independent - Independent)

goes before the subject and needs COMMA

  • Mary walked to the party, but she was unable to walk home.

Subordinating conjunctions (Independent - Dependent)

goes after the subject and needs multiple SENTENCES

  • I fed the cat. I after brushed my teeth. FRU
  • after I fed the cat, I brushed my teeth. ENG
  • I brushed my teeth after I fed the cat. ENG
  • I slept. I because was sleepy. FRU
  • because I was sleepy, I slept. ENG
  • I slept because I was sleepy.  ENG

also used for subjunctive mood with word for "if" - WORD GOES HERE

Dual Conjunctions (and, or, nor, xor...)

"English" Oñ Fruwi NOTE
and (...)gai all
xor (...)bai only one
or (...)dai at least one
nand in(...)gai max 1
nxor in(...)bai both or none
nor in(...)dai none

(...) = first item

Serial Conjunctions

"English" Oñ Fruwi
and (...)gaisi
xor (...)baisi
or (...)daisi
nand sijin(...)gaisi
nxor sijin(...)baisi
nor sijin(...)daisi

(...) = first→ second-last items

Moods

Imperative

  • Instruction
    • “Go”
    • At start of Sentence always
  • Warning
    • N/A(Use Infinitive of verb)

Interrogative

  • Yes/No
    • just put "Or not" at the end of a normal sentence
  • "Wh" Interrogative
    • “Ger/Gerañ” as Stative Case; dO or iO, dO -> S in passive. “Ber/Berañ” as Active Case (use inplaceof x in Indicative clause)
    • before or after verb add -thing EX: “Ger-Yukeni” means What=time-STAT
    • tojho Īmi ítte Ger (Your name is X -> Your name is what-STAT) ACT STAT(dO) S
    • tojho Īmi ítte Gerañ (Your name is X-P -> Your name is what-P-STAT) ACT STAT(dO) P
    • Ger fe yisʌ To (X PASS eat you-ACTI -> what-STAT PASS eat you-ACTI) PASS STAT(dO) S
    • Gerañ fe yisʌ To (X-P eat you-ACTI -> what-P-STAT PASS eat you-ACTI) PASS STAT(dO) P
    • To slipta áro Ger-Yukeni (You-ACTI sleep at X -> You-ACTI sleep at what=time-STAT) ACT STAT(iO) S
    • To slipta áro Gerañ-Yukeniñ (You-ACTI sleep at X-P -> You-ACTI sleep at what=times-P-STAT) ACT STAT(iO) P
    • Ber-Mano doyisʌdi Ōgge (X HAB-is=eating-?S-PAST this-O-STAT -> who HAB-is=eating-0S-PAST this-O-STAT) ACT ACTI S
    • Berañ-Manoñ doyisʌdiñ Ōgge (X-P HAB-are=eating-?P-PAST this-O-STAT -> who-P HAB-is=eating-0P-PAST this-O-STAT) ACT ACTI P
    • Ōgge fe doyisedi Ber-Mano (X HAB-is=eating-?S-PAST this-O-STAT -> who HAB-is=eating-0S-PAST this-O-STAT) PASS ACTI S
    • Ōgge fe doyisʌdiñ Berañ-Manoñ (X-P HAB-are=eating-?P-PAST this-O-STAT -> who-P HAB-is=eating-0P-PAST this-O-STAT) PASS ACTI P

Derivative Morphology

Participle (Verb -> ADJ)

add a <qa> to the end Ex: <vekocheqa Qoita> /vekʰot͡ʃeɣa ɣoitʰa/ "cooked goat"

Possessive /Genitive

(use as seperate words with nouns ; go to pronouns page for use with pronouns)

Dependent Headless Dependent? Head?
oñ Fruwi jho je co
IPA /d͡ʒo/ /d͡ze/ /t͡so/
Use 's 's of
Example It is John's dog

It is John's (*a) dog

It is John's

It is John's [It]

It is Dog of John

It is (a) dog of John

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