Verse:Hmøøh/Suwáábyíq/Literature: Difference between revisions

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{{construction}}


{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''Wieber-Muts''
|pronunciation= /ˈviːbɐ ˈmuːts/
|region = Wiebermein
|extinct = Developed into [[Middle Wiebian]] in 400 v.C.
|familycolor=gamedan
|fam1= [[Gamedan languages|Gamedan]]
|fam2= [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]]
|fam3= [[Wiebian|Wiebic]]
|script=Wiebian script (read: Fraktur gib. Because German)
|iso3=qwb
|notice=IPA
}}
[[Wiobian/Sketchbook|Sandbox]]<br/>
[[Wiobian/Lexicon|Lexicon]]<br/>
[[Wiobian/Verse|Wiebian verse]]<br/>
[[Wiobian/Music|About Wiebian music]]<br/>
[[Wiebian/Wiebian]]<br/>
[[Wiobian/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch ansehen]]<br/>
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Classical Wiebian''' is the oldest attested form of [[Wiebian]], used as a spoken language until 400 v.C.
==Todo==
==Background==
The ethnonym ''Wieb'' allegedly comes from ''Wieber'', a contraction of ''wie bahr'' 'our kin'.
==Notes on notation==
*<sup>''i''</sup> - denotes i-umlaut of the root.
*<sup>''u''</sup> - denotes u-umlaut of the root.
==Orthography==
:''See also: [[Wiebian/Script]].''
==Phonology==
{{PAGENAME}} phonology is mostly based on Modern Standard German. Ancient Wiebian also had two clicks ''ŧ'' /ǃ/ and ''đ'' /ɡǃ/
===Phonotactics===
(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
===Consonants===
Voiceless plosives were lightly aspirated. Auslautverhärtung (obstruent devoicing) occurs word-finally, as in German or Dutch.
====Early Ancient Wiebian====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Early {{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Lamino-dental
! | Apico-alveolar
! | Co-articulated
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
|
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''ŧ''' /ǃ/
|
| '''k''' /k/
| /ʔ-/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''đ''' /ɡǃ/
|
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''ss''' /s̻/
| '''s''' /s̺/
| '''ś, sch''' /ɧ/
|
| '''ch, h''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
| '''pf''' /pf/
| '''z, tz''' /ts̻/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
|
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|}
The gemination sign, transcribed as '''c''', is sometimes used in Early Ancient Wiebian texts. It acts like the Japanese ''sokuon'' symbol: ''nu swiclen'' /nuː(ə) s̺wilːən/ 'I slid (intransitive)'. By late {{PAGENAME}} most gemination signs fell into disuse and were replaced with double letters. '''c''' only survived as part of the graphemes '''-ck''' for long k, and '''ch''' [x], which was in complementary distribution with '''h''' [h] by that time.
====Late Ancient Wiebian====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Late {{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Alveolar
! | Co-articulated
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Uvular
! | Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''ŧ''' /ǃ/
|
| '''k, ck''' /k/
|
| /ʔ-/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''đ''' /ɡǃ/
|
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' /f/
| '''ß''' /s/
| '''sch''' /ɧ~ʂ~ʃ/
| '''ch''' /ç/
|
| '''ch''' [χ]
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''w''' /v/
| '''s''' /z~ʃ~s/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
| '''pf''' /pf/
| '''z, tz''' /ts/
| '''tsch''' /tʃ~ʈʂ~kɧ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| '''r''' [r]
|
|
|
| '''r''' /ʀ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|}
''n'' assimilates before clicks and velar plosives to /ŋ/.
A syllable cannot begin with a vowel in Wiebian. Words beginning with an orthographic vowel begin with a glottal stop initial.
In Late Ancient Wiebian /ʀ/ (from Early Ancient Wiebian /r/) is always vocalized to [ɐ] before a consonant or word-finally (as in North German dialects). /ʀ/ had a special pronunciation [r] for ceremonies, singing and stage performances, and public announcements.
[χ] is an allophone of /ç/ after back vowels.
===Vowels===
In Early {{PAGENAME}} each vowel had an independent length. This changed in Late {{PAGENAME}} when vowels before single consonants were lengthened, so that the orthographic final came to determine vowel length. Final ''-h'' was also deleted to trigger compensatory lengthening of the vowel, which is why open long vowels are often written with an ''-h'' after the vowel.
====Early Ancient Wiebian====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Early {{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
|  '''ie, i, ih''' /iə~iː/
| '''ü''' /y/
| '''üe, ü, üh''' /yə~yː/
|
|
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ue, u, uh''' /uə~uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e, ä''' /ɛ/
| '''e, ä''' /eː/
| '''ö''' /œ/
| '''ö''' /øː/
| '''e''' /ə/
|
| '''o''' /o/
| '''o''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''a''' /aː/
|
|
|}
Diphthongs: '''au''' /ɜu/ '''äu, eu''' /eʏ~øʏ~eu/ '''ei''' /ɛɪ/
====Late Ancient Wiebian====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Late {{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /ɪ/
| '''ie, i''' /iː/
| '''ü''' /ʏ/
| '''ü, üh''' /yː/
|
|
| '''u''' /ʊ/
| '''u, uh''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e, ä''' /ɛ/
| '''e, ee, eh, ä, äh''' /eː/
| '''ö''' /œ/
| '''ö, öh''' /øː/
| '''e''' /ə/
|
| '''o''' /ɔ/
| '''o, oo, oh''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''a, aa, ah''' /aː/
|
|
|}
Diphthongs: '''au''' /aʊ/ '''äu, eu''' /ɔʏ/ '''ei''' /aɪ/
===Stress===
Syllables may have primary or secondary stress. The first syllable of the root is heavily stressed, at the expense of prefixes and endings. The first component of compounds receives primary stress while the subsequent parts receive secondary stress.
==Grammar==
===Parts of speech===
{{PAGENAME}} inflected nouns with endings. Case/number and personal endings were eventually elided or turned into tone distinctions. Writers were nevertheless expected to write all case and personal endings, until the 1811 v.C. re-standardization of the orthography abolished personal endings as well as most number/case endings.
====Nouns====
Nouns can be preceded by a definite article ''ein''.
definite article:
*ms: ein eine ein eines
*fs: eine einer einen einer
*dual: einer einer einend einend
*mp: einen einen einst einens
*fp: einer einer einst einen
strong adjective:
*ms: -en -es -e -es
*fs: -e -er -er -en
*dual: -ig -ig -isch -isch
*mp: -te -ten -st -ens
*fp: -er -ern -st -en
=====Gender=====
Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine. Nouns of each gender take their respective verb endings and pronouns in {{PAGENAME}}.
=====Number=====
{{PAGENAME}} has three numbers, like Proto-Gamedan: singular, dual and plural.
The dual is marked by dual case suffixes.
{{PAGENAME}} has many morphological ways of forming plurals, some of which may be combined.
*''-e'' suffix
*''-en'' suffix
*''<sup>i</sup>-er''
*''-et'' suffix
*''De-'' prefix
*''<sup><s>i</s></sup>'' "de-umlauting" the singular stem
*plural ablaut
The plural form of a noun was unpredictable.
The genitive plural could be in a third ablaut grade.
=====Case endings=====
In {{PAGENAME}}, nouns are also inflected in 4 cases:
*Nominative: subject
*Accusative: direct object, some adverbial expressions
*Dative: indirect object, some adverbial expressions, possessor after {{PAGENAME}}
*Genitive: it's your bog-standard genitive case.
**The genitive is often "hyphenated" to the word it modifies because of its ambiguity.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | First declension
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Dual
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''Gein'' || ''Gein'''er''''' || ''Geine''
|-
! Accusative
| ''Gein'''e''''' || ''Gein'''er''''' || ''Geine'''n'''''
|-
! Genitive
| ''Gein-'' || ''Gein'''end''''' || ''Geine'''n-'''''
|-
! Dative
| ''Gein'''es''''', ''Gein'''s''''' || ''Gein'''end''''' || ''Geine'''ns'''''
|}
=====Case and adpositions=====
*''đei'' - from (gen)
*''ehr'' - for (dat)
*''gar'' - to, towards (acc)
*''falt'' - before (dat)
*''sie'' - onto/on (acc/dat)
*''tusch'' - into/in (acc/dat)
*''zug'' - with (dat)
====Adjectives====
Definite: Just one ending, -e
=====Degree=====
Wiebian uses analytic constructions for degrees of adjectives.
In {{PAGENAME}}, to form the comparative one attaches the semi-serial verb ''&kloh'' ('cross') to the predicative form of the adjective. (The same applies to verbs.) The standard of comparison is in the accusative. The superlative is identical to the comparative.
{{PAGENAME}} forms the negative comparative by using the adverb ''quäs hioleng'' after the finite verb. The standard of comparison is in the dative.
====Pronouns====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;"
|+'''Personal pronouns'''
!style="width:90px;"|Person →
! colspan="3" |1
! colspan="2" |1+2
! colspan="3" |2
|-
!|Number →
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Singular
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Dual
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Plural
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Dual
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Plural
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Singular
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Dual
!style="width:90px;" rowspan="2" |Plural
|-
!|Case ↓
|-
!|Nominative
| |''nu''
| |''mich''
| |''uhm''
| |''wich''
| |''winden''
| |''sie''
| |''lich''
| |''linden''
|-
!|Accusative
| |''nue''
| |''mich''
| |''uhmen''
| |''wich''
| |''wien''
| |''sie''
| |''lich''
| |''lien''
|-
!|Genitive
| |''in''
| |''mind''
| |''uhme''
| |''wind''
| |''wie''
| |''sie''
| |''lind''
| |''lie''
|-
!|Dative
| |''ins''
| |''mind''
| |''uhmens''
| |''wind''
| |''wiens''
| |''sies''
| |''lind''
| |''liens''
|}
Wiebian lacks true third-person pronouns. The closest equivalents are the demonstratives ''mi'' 'this' and ''a'' 'that'.
====Verbs====
Verbs have stem forms for present, past and verbal noun which are not always distinct. (A similar but more well preserved system is found in [[Themsarian]]). Verbs are often additionally marked by auxiliary words to disambiguate the tense, because most forms are identical or very similar.
The three principal parts are thus the present imperative, the past 2s form and the verbal noun.
The citation form is the present stem, which is also the short 2nd person singular imperative in {{PAGENAME}}.
Jussive endings are only found in special registers.
=====Personal endings=====
In {{PAGENAME}}, the verb is also inflected for person.
Athematic stems umlaut in the present for certain persons; thematic stems always umlaut in the preterite.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4" | Imperative endings
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Dual
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1.in
|''-''
|''-ner''
|''-n''
|-
!|2
|''-Ø''
|''-ler''
|''-l''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4" | Indicative endings
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Dual
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''<sup>i</sup>-n''
|''-end''
|''-em''
|-
!|1.in
|''-''
|''-ner''
|''-en''
|-
!|2
|''<sup>i</sup>-er''
|''-ler''
|''-el''
|-
!|3.m
|''<sup>i</sup>-n''
|rowspan="2"|''<sup>i</sup>-ung''
|rowspan="2"|''<sup>i</sup>-e''
|-
!|3.f
|''<sup>i</sup>-s''
|}
=====Formation of verbal principal parts=====
Verbal nouns are formed by one of the following methods:
*''-s''
*ablaut
*''<sup>i</sup>-el''
*''-en''
*''-ke''
*Prefix ''Ge-''
=====TAM auxiliary constructions=====
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Some tense constructions'''
|-
!|Meaning
!|{{PAGENAME}} construction
|-
!perfect
|''duom'' + [subject]-DAT + (''zraf'' can go here for progressive) + [verb]-VERBAL_NOUN-ACC
|}
===Syntax===
====Word order====
Constituents are arranged in V2 order in both {{PAGENAME}} and most modern topolects (with more variation allowed in classical poetry). Noun modifiers (adjectives and possessors) almost always precede the modified noun.
====Truth value====
For negation, {{PAGENAME}} uses a negative verb ''mei'' (present), ''quek'' (preterite), ''Quah'' (verbal noun) + the verbal noun in the dative case:
{{Gloss
|phrase = in meien Borrs heite.
|IPA = /ʔin ˈmeilən borç ˈheitə/
|morphemes = in meil-en Borr-s heit-e.
|gloss = 1SG.NOM NEG/PRES-1SG sing/VN-DAT well-ACC
|translation = I do not sing well.
}}
Compare the affirmative sentence:
{{Gloss
|phrase = in borren heite.
|IPA = /ʔin ˈborːən ˈheitə/
|morphemes = in borr-s heit-e.
|gloss = 1SG.NOM sing/PRES-1SG well-ACC
|translation = I sing well.
}}
In copular sentences, though affirmative sentences do not require a copula, negative sentences do:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = in Hauere.
|IPA = /ʔin ˈhauərə/
|morphemes = in Hauer-e.
|gloss = 1SG.NOM king-PRED
|translation = I am the king.
}}
{{col-2}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = in meien Luos Hauere.
|IPA = /ʔin ˈmeien luoç ˈhauərə/
|morphemes = in meil-en luos Hauer-e.
|gloss = 1SG.NOM NEG/PRES-1SG COPULA.VN-DAT king-PRED
|translation = I am not the king.
}}
{{col-end}}
For contrastive negation of a constituent other than the verb, the main verb need not be repeated:
{{Gloss
|phrase = ins priuden ƕiem Zall, meien ƕiem Zrüsch.
|IPA = /ʔinç ˈpriuden xʷiem calː ˈmeiən xʷiem cryçː/
|morphemes = in-s priud-en ƕiem Zall mei-en ƕiem Zrüsch
|gloss = 1SG.DAT be_needed/PRES-3SG.AN INDEF.NOM man.NOM NEG/PRES-1SG INDEF.NOM child.NOM
|translation = I want a man, not a boy.
}}
Polar questions utilize an interrogative auxiliary ''hüf, snöf, Hof'' (< 'swear'):
{{Gloss
|phrase = i hüfe Quarþes inne?
|IPA = /ʔiː hyfə ˈkʷarsəç ʔinnə/
|morphemes = i hüf-e Quarþ-es inn-e
|gloss = 2SG.NOM Q/PRES-2SG love.VN-DAT 1SG-ACC
|translation = Do you love me?
}}
An echo response is often used to interrogative questions. For "yes" the interrogative verb may be echoed instead.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = quörþen.
|IPA = /ˈkʷørsən/
|morphemes = quorþ-<sup>i</sup>en
|gloss = love/PRES-1SG
|translation = Yes. (to the question "Do you love me?")
}}
{{col-2}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = meien [Quarþes].
|IPA = /ˈmeiən (ˈkʷarsəç)/
|morphemes = mei-en [Quarþ-es].
|gloss = NEG/PRES-1SG [love.VN-DAT]
|translation = No. (to the question "Do you love me?")
}}
{{col-end}}
If a "yes" answer involves a predicate, the predicate noun is echoed:
{{Gloss
|phrase = Hauere.
|IPA = /ˈhauərə/
|morphemes = Hauer-e
|gloss = king-PRED
|translation = Yes. [to the question "Are you a/the king?"]
}}
In Modern Wiebian the preterite form is lost and ''mei'' /mi˩/ has been generalized as the interjection for ''no'' or the adverb for ''not''.
====Passive====
====Relative clauses====
Relative clauses are internally headed: The head is the first constituent of the relative clause, and an anaphoric "co-relative pronoun" ''nie'' occurs after the relative clause that refers back to the head.
Simpler relative clauses often use the gap construction and use the ''nie'' determiner as the relativizer.
<!--
:'''''na drott himm liuwes nükksen, geto uom naß huoleme.'''''
:<small>ANA-SG.NOM thief-NOM 2PL-DAT yesterday steal-3SG.AN here 1EX.NOM ANA.ACC see-1EX</small>
:''This is where we saw the thief that robbed you yesterday.'' (Note that the demonstrative ''na'' both marks the relativized noun and refers to it.)
:'''''geto uom himm liuwes nükksen drotteß huoleme.'''''
:<small>here 1EX.NOM 2PL-DAT yesterday steal-3SG.AN thief-SG.ACC see-1EX</small>
:''This is where we saw the thief that robbed you yesterday.''
:'''''geto uom huoleme gaß nükksen liuwes himm gaß drotteß.'''''
:<small>here 1EX.NOM see-1EX DEF-SG.ACC steal-3SG.AN 2PL-DAT DEF-SG.ACC thief-SG.ACC</small>
:''This is where we saw the thief that robbed you yesterday.''
-->
====Serial verbs====
==Derivational morphology==
Some suffixes are pronounced differently depending on the final consonant of the root.
*''be-'': intensive/applicative/denominal verb prefix (stolen from German)
**'''''be'''rast'' 'make powerful, strengthen' < ''Rast'' 'power'
*''des-'': detransitivizing/valency-decreasing
*''em-/en-'': perfective; causative/valency-incrementing
*''<sup>U</sup>-em'': adjectival/attributive/place noun suffix
**''Jünd'''em'''ruoger'' 'tapestry of life'
*''-er'': collective, augmentative, place noun, resultative
**''Pfug'''er''''' 'throne' < ''Pfug'' 'chair'
**''Rug'''er''''' 'statue' < ''rug, rieg, Rugs'' 'carve'
**''Jeng'''er''''' 'ocean, sea' < ''Jeng'' 'water'
*''ger-'': inceptive, dynamic
**'''''ger'''ŧest'': 'initiate' < ''ŧest'' 'run' (intransitive)
*''irr-'' (< PGam {{recon|''hiz''}}): negative
**'''''irr'''beul'' 'not straight, unjust' < ''beul'' 'straight, just'
*''-lein'' agent noun, someone associated with [NOUN]
**''Winklein'' 'mortal' < ''wink-'' 'die' + ''-lein''
*''-mack'': resultative, ability
*''-null'': prototypical member of a set, ''Ur-''
*''-nung, -ung'': singulative/diminutive
*''-s'' (~ Thm. infinitve ''-s''): verbal nouns, nominalization
*''-zi'': abstract noun, -ness/-hood
*''wech-'': perfective/telic
*''-zim'': characterized by [noun]
==Phrasebook==
==Sample texts==
===The North Wind and the Sun===
'''''Ein Simmhall im eine Unde'''''
''Wahmer besprillung ein Simmhall im eine Unde, ja klöhen luhs feud, westers zug ŧäches Zemmes Desŧolzes Schammerlein gerzweiden. Ach gerockung, der ein beđecken pfalts gar ein Schammerlein quetzen ahn Zemme, brühnen Grechs der klöhen luhs feud. Ein Simmhall gerschwichten zug reier Rast, sinter jahr aust schwichten a, ahner aust ŧölzen ein Schammerlein ahn Zemme trieg ahn, im berten berts desflästen ein Simmhall đei ahn Gernurts. Mesters enhächten eine Unde ahn ŧächern Fleiđen, im irrsterŧes quitzen ein Schammerlein ahn Zemme. Mieder fügeln ein Simmhall Bereugs, der eine Unde klöhen luhs feud đei and.''
'''The North Wind and the Sun'''
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last the North Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shined out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.''
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1===
''Reite Wäher desschrefft [] im [] gund [] im []. Ans []''
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
{{List subpages|caption=Related pages with more information}}
[[Category:Gamedan languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]][[Category:Hussmauch]]

Latest revision as of 17:25, 8 May 2023

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