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| '''Apple PIE''' (name tentative) is an alternate history of IE and nearby cultural regions. The premise is "different diachronic evolutions of English, Hebrew, Māori and a few other languages". Some other languages like French and Arabic are a bit more different from our timeline.
| | #redirect [[Verse:Ed Dynje]] |
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| The proto-branch of English in this universe is the set in the same place as our Hurrian and Urartian; conversely, Germanic becomes a non-IE language family.
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| The only IE branches in Apple PIE not directly inspired by any real life IE languages are Mixolydian and [[Hivantish]].
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| ==Mixolydian==
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| A satem IE isolate written in the Latin alphabet; pronunciation is quite similar to Pinyin
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| Inspired by Polish and Albanian (aesthetically); Greek and Latin (grammatically)
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| z c s zh ch sh r rr j q x = /z ts s ʐ ʈʂ ʂ ɹ/ɽ r ʑ tɕ ɕ/
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| dz dzh dj = voiced versions of c ch q
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| Stop aspiration is as in Persian (st sounds like sth etc.)
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| j from PIE *y, y is used for /j/ in loanwords and from vowel breaking of PIE *e, e.g. yest "is" <- Proto-Mixolydian *esti
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| today Mixolydian is a small minority language; Mixolydians have almost entirely shifted to local languages (English, Greek, Romance, Iranian, Indian, Chinese)
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| ==Latin==
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| A tonal language like Greek and Sanskrit
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| ==Modern Greek==
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| Written in a version of Linear B, roughly Syllabics + katakana inspired
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| a lot more ways to write /i/ depending on PIE etymon? maybe *i and *iH can use different glyphs?
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| ===Hypergreek===
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| Some sound splits conditioned by PIE etymon which are merged in Proto-Greek but do not affect intelligibility for a Modern Greek speaker
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| ==Mitanni==
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| Weirdest interpretation of Mitanni cuneiform
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| ==English==
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| Most in-universe English dialects don't merge some PIE sounds, like *ei and *ī, which are merged in Proto-Germanic. Otherwise they sound a lot like English accents from our timeline.
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| ===Hyperamerican===
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| an English accent with lots of non-Germanic sound splits as well as General American sound mergers
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| LOT ~ THOUGHT, but PIE ey !~ PIE ī
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| ==Hebrew==
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| :''Main article: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Hebrew]]''
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| Paleo-Hebrew in this universe distinguishes most consonants of Proto-Semitic, unlike in our timeline. This is reflected in some in-universe Hebrew accents which preserve distinctions like צׁ (tsadi w/ right dot) /ts̠/ vs צׂ (tsadi w/ left dot) /ts/, cognate with Arabic emphatic S/Z and D.
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| Though in-universe Tiberian Hebrew is identical to that in our timeline, some in-universe reading traditions, such as Gaelic Hebrew, distinguish
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| * cholam from Proto-Semitic *u and *aw = /o/
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| * cholam from Proto-Semitic *ā = /u/ (/uə/ in some other reading traditions)
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| * Proto-Semitic *ū = Swedish u (/u/ in some other reading traditions)
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| Some accents merge the first two vowels like our TibH and Israeli did, some merge the second two, and others, such as [[Ăn Yidiș]] Hebrew, keep all three distinct. Hyper-Israeli reflects the first (and qamatz qatan) as (Seoul) Korean eo, the second as Korean o, and the third as Korean u.
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| == Arabic ==
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| Keeps the ejectives but merges *s and *š as in our timeline. The 3Uþmānic Qur'an text is the same as in our timeline.
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| ==Māori==
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| Proto-Austronesian in Apple PIE has the same urheimat as in our timeline but a very different phonology and morphology; its phonology is small like Finnish and its morphology is Altaic-ish; its evolution into Māori as we know it, a VSO language, is analogous to PIE's evolution into Irish.
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| == Celtic ==
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| No ē-ey-iH merger?
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| *(Hyper)Celtic
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| **Old Irish
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| *** Icelandic Gaelic
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| *** Middle Irish
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| **** [[Ăn Yidiș]]
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| **** Modern Irish
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| **Galoyseg
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| === Galoyseg ===
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| P-Celtic with a Yiddish touch; Post-laryngeal PIE ē > a as in WGmc; PCel short a > o when stressed
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| === Alternate history Canadian Gaelic===
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| Can date back to Primitive Irish times, incorporates Algonquian loanwords
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| or should it be a Celtic-Algonquian creole?
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| === An alternate evolution of Old Irish ===
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| With Modern Qivattu/Modern Inuit/ influences; spoken in Iceland; should have suffixed definite articles?
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| should have an even older stage of Inuit loanwords passed through Irish sound changes
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| === Revived Old Irish ===
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| Spoken by neopagans (both Irish-speaking and otherwise; Irish speakers acknowledge that it's a different language)
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| dh and th are /ð θ/ respectively
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| it's "read literally" and simplified in casual usage though in a different way from Irish
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| No broad slender, most notably
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| ===Modern Irish===
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| Same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish; lots of opportunities to re-etymologize
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| Often jokingly called "Goydelic" by Ăn Yidiș speakers
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| Loans from Hebrew follow Ăn Yidiș consonantisms (e.g. ''Gabaile'' for Kabbalah)
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| Most commonly written in a very different Roman orthography; a Devanagari orthography is also proposed which is a cipher of our timeline's post-reform Irish orthography
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| == Nithic ==
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| === Thurish ===
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| === Nithish ===
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| ==Conlangs==
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| ===Hyperfrench===
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| French through Proto-Slavic -> Russian sound changes (nasal vowels get denasalized etc.)
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| r -> h consistently; a four way stop distinction as in Hindi
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| ===A Romance language===
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| A language actually named after a cognate of "Latin" spoken in Latium; it has a roughly Catalan/Romanian/Occitan aesthetic
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| === Some Middle Eastern lang w/ Basque sibilants ===
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| === Anidishigin ===
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| The name ''Anidishigin'' comes from ''ăn Yidiș gîn'' 'our Ăn Yidiș'.
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| Spoken in future postapocalyptic Apple PIE
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| /a e i o u/ vowel system, based on Belămur Ăn Yidiș + Japanese (with slightly less restrictions on CV combos); ''r'' = /l/ Should allow final consonants devoiced in Japanese?
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| Japanese relexed with mostly Ăn Yidiș vocab, with jp/eng vocab for technical terms; Practically an Irish+Hebrew+Aramaic+Japanese+English creole
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| Verbalizer ''-shimas''; past marker ''deshta''
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| Pronouns: míshe, wáre, tísa, jinshin (animate), gíshin (inanimate), mishemíshe, warewáre, tisatísa, hébega (from hevră 'friends'); ano (polite pronoun)
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| No plural; ''nákamu X'' (< Jp nakama 'comrades' + ĂnY gu) is used for the assocciative plural
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| ''eto'' = topic marker
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| Zero copula
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| ''on'' (ĂnY ''ołn'') > declarative
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| ''iye'' (Jp ''iie'') negation, by itself 'isn't/there isn't'
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| ''Idaha nin'' 'Jew'
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| ''Nihonjin nin'' 'Japanese person'
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| X zu Y (< hizu < Ir ''a chuid'', English ''his'') = X no Y
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| roshiff (Heb) 'also'
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| byonaffki (ĂnY byonăft gît) 'thank you' (Optionally: byonaffki tisa/byonafuki tisatisa)
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| rineda (ĂnY bli nedăr) 'right, correct'
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| feru = man
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| karagu = woman
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| aishimas = love
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| rushin = language/speech; rushinshimas = to speak
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| Nominative unmarked, accusative is du < טאָ 'to him'
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| no = relativizer
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| Shuremarehen, mishe zu enimu eto Intaa. Mishe Idahanin iye, sukegonin roshif iye, Nihonjinnin roshif iye. Anshuu eto Anidishigin du rushinshimas. Anidishigin eto Idaha zu rushin is Nihonjin zu rushin zu kurioru rushin.
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| Karagunin eto ferunin du aishimas.
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| Ăn Yidish directional words used for compass points (sheji, shigu, shes, shoi < šeř, šier, šes, šuay = east west south north; aneji, anigu, aness, anoi < ăneř, ănier, ănes, ănuay east, west, south, north winds)
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| ==Sinitic and Sino-Xenic==
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| ===Mandarin===
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| Alternate history pinyin: uses Zhuang tone letters
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| b p m f, d t n l, z c s, zr cr sr r, ź ć ś (or otherwise unmarked; clear from context), g k h
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| a, ae, au, an, ang
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| y for Pinyin e
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| "z" by itself is used for Pinyin "zi", Pinyin "ji" is written "zi" or sometimes "gi" (this alternate history Pinyin is introduced during Early Modern Mandarin times so literate users keep older distinctions though spelling mistakes are common nowadays)
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| ===Japanese===
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| ===Korean===
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| 모든 인간은 태어날 때부터 자유로우며 그 존엄과 권리에 있어 동등하다.
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| moðɨn inɡänɨn tʰæeɤnaʁ tæeβuʰtɤ d̤z̤äjuʁoumjə ɣɨ d̤z̤onɤmɣwä ɡ̤wɤ̃ʁiɛj isə d̤oŋðɨŋäðä
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| ''Modyn inganyn tæ'enar ptæbute zaıuroumıe gy zonymgwa gwenriei isse doňdyňhada''
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| ===Vietnamese===
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| A native abugida with a Khmer aesthetic and tone markers
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| ===alt-history Sinitic languages===
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| ==== Swedish/Icelandic inspired Sinitic ====
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| ===Sinospheric IE===
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