Linguifex

Twench: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Shariifka (talk | contribs)
7,406 edits
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Shariifka (talk | contribs)
7,406 edits
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(23 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 437: Line 437:
| '''J j''' || je || [jeː]
| '''J j''' || je || [jeː]
|-
|-
| '''K k''' || ka || [kaː]
| '''K k''' || ka || [kʰaː]
|-
|-
| '''L l''' || el || [ɛɫ]
| '''L l''' || el || [ɛɫ]
Line 447: Line 447:
| '''O o''' || o || [oː]
| '''O o''' || o || [oː]
|-
|-
| '''P p''' || pe || [peː]
| '''P p''' || pe || [pʰeː]
|-
|-
| '''Q q''' || ku || [kyː]
| '''Q q''' || ku || [kʰyː]
|-
|-
| '''R r''' || er || [ɛɾ]
| '''R r''' || er || [ɛɾ]
Line 461: Line 461:
| '''S s''' || es || [ɛs]
| '''S s''' || es || [ɛs]
|-
|-
| '''T t''' || te || [teː]
| '''T t''' || te || [tʰeː]
|-
|-
| '''U u''' || u || [yː]
| '''U u''' || u || [yː]
Line 471: Line 471:
| '''X x''' || iks || [ɪks]
| '''X x''' || iks || [ɪks]
|-
|-
| '''Y y''' || Griekeise i || [gɾiːˈkɛɪsə iː]
| '''Y y''' || Griekeise i || [gɾiːˈkʰɛɪsə iː]
|-
|-
| ('''IJ ij''') || longe i || [ˈlɔŋə iː]
| ('''IJ ij''') || longe i || [ˈlɔŋə iː]
|-
|-
| '''Z z''' || zet || [zɛt]
| '''Z z''' || zet || [zɛtʰ]
|}
|}
|}
|}
Line 532: Line 532:
|-
|-
! 3SN
! 3SN
| lot || et || lot || et
| lou || le || lou || et
|-
|-
! 1P
! 1P
Line 672: Line 672:
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| -er || - || -ui || -t
| -er || - || -ui || -(e)t
|-
|-
|}
|}
*The schwa in ''-(e)t'' is inserted after ''-t-'', ''-d-'', ''-tj-'', and ''-dj-'' and dropped otherwise.


Irregular verbs form one or more of the stems irregularly.
Irregular verbs form one or more of the stems irregularly.
Line 709: Line 710:
'''Note:'''
'''Note:'''


¹ Schwa ''-(e)-'' may be inserted before personal endings in the present tense depending on phonetics but never after vowels. <!--It does not appear in the past tense since the past stem always ends in a vowel. -->Conversely, ''-i'' in the first person only appears after vowels<!-- (and therefore always appears in the past tense)-->.
¹ Schwa ''-(e)-'' may be inserted before personal endings in the present tense depending on phonetics but never after vowels.
*In ''-(e)s'': Schwa is kept after ''-s-'', ''-z-'', ''-sj-'', ''-zj-'', ''-tj-'', and ''-dj-'' and dropped otherwise.
*In ''-(e)t'': Schwa is kept after ''-t-'', ''-d-'', ''-tj-'', and ''-dj-'' and dropped otherwise.
*In ''-(e)n'', ''-(e)ns'', and ''-(e)ts'': Schwa is dropped after vowels and kept otherwise.
<!--It does not appear in the past tense since the past stem always ends in a vowel. -->Conversely, ''-i'' in the first person only appears after vowels<!-- (and therefore always appears in the past tense)-->.
 
====Examples of verbs====
====Examples of verbs====
'''Class 1 regular - ''kantaar'' "to sing"'''
'''Class 1 regular - ''kantaar'' "to sing"'''
Line 733: Line 739:
| kants || kantes || kantaas || kantases || kant
| kants || kantes || kantaas || kantases || kant
|-
|-
! el/elle/lot
! el/elle/lou
| kantet || kantet || kantaat || kantaset ||
| kantet || kantet || kantaat || kantaset ||
|-
|-
Line 769: Line 775:
| perisses || perisses || perijs || perises || peris
| perisses || perisses || perijs || perises || peris
|-
|-
! el/elle/lot
! el/elle/lou
| perist || perisset || perijt || periset ||
| perist || perisset || perijt || periset ||
|-
|-
Line 805: Line 811:
| doerms || doermes || doermijs || doermises || doerm
| doerms || doermes || doermijs || doermises || doerm
|-
|-
! el/elle/lot
! el/elle/lou
| doermt || doermet || doermijt || doermiset ||
| doermt || doermet || doermijt || doermiset ||
|-
|-
Line 829: Line 835:
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| weindt
| colspan="3"| weindet
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 841: Line 847:
| weinds || weindes || weinduus || weinduses || weind
| weinds || weindes || weinduus || weinduses || weind
|-
|-
! el/elle/lot
! el/elle/lou
| weindt || weindet || weinduust || weinduset ||
| weindt || weindet || weinduust || weinduset ||
|-
|-
Line 852: Line 858:
! els/elzeuts
! els/elzeuts
| weinden || weinden || weinduun || weindusen ||
| weinden || weinden || weinduun || weindusen ||
|-
|}
'''Irregular - ''dijr'' "to say"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''dijr'' "to say"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| dijr
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| disent
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| dit
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! jou
| dijs || dise || disui || disuse ||
|-
! tu
| dises || dises || disuus || disuses || dij
|-
! el/elle/lou
| dijst || diset || disuust || disuset ||
|-
! noes/noezeuts
| disens || disens || disuuns || disusens ||
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| disets || disets || disuuts || disusets || disets
|-
! els/elzeuts
| disen || disen || disuun || disusen ||
|-
|}
'''Irregular - ''ester'' "to be"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''ester'' "to be"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| ester
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| estent
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| estet
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! jou
| zui || zeie || fui || fuse ||
|-
! tu
| es || zeies || fuus || fuses || zei
|-
! el/elle/lou
| est || zeiet || fuut || fuset ||
|-
! noes/noezeuts
| zons || zeiens || fuuns || fusens ||
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| ests || zeiets || fuuts || fusets || zeits
|-
! els/elzeuts
| zon || zeien || fuun || fusen ||
|-
|}
'''Irregular: ''hawer'' "to have"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''hawer'' "to have"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| hawer
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| hawent
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| haawt
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! jou
| haai || hawe || hawui || hawuse ||
|-
! tu
| haas || hawes || hawuus || hawuses || haaw
|-
! el/elle/lou
| haat || hawet || hawuut || hawuset ||
|-
! noes/noezeuts
| hawens || hawens || hawuuns || hawusens ||
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| hawets || hawets || hawuuts || hawusets || hawets
|-
! els/elzeuts
| hawen || hawen || hawuun || hawusen ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 865: Line 979:
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
<!--===Days of the week===
<!--===Days of the week===
*luundij
-->
*marsdij
===Time - ''Tiens''===
*mierkedij
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
*joesdij
|+ Seasons - ''Seisouns''
*wienersdij
! English !! Twench
*zamdij
|-
*diemenk-->
| spring || prijntiens
|-
| summer || estaat
|-
| fall || kollecht
|-
| winter || iwiern
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Gregorian months - ''Gregorianeise meises''
! English !! Twench
|-
| January || janweir
|-
| February || fewreir
|-
| March || mars
|-
| April || awrijl
|-
| May || maai
|-
| June || juin
|-
| July || juil
|-
| August || awost
|-
| September || zettember
|-
| October || ochtober
|-
| November || noewember
|-
| December || diesember
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Days of the week - ''Joorns de le semaan''
! English !! Twench
|-
| Sunday || diemenk
|-
| Monday || luundij
|-
| Tuesday || marsdij
|-
| Wednesday || mierkedij
|-
| Thursday || joesdij
|-
| Friday || wienersij
|-
| Saturday || zamdij
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - ''Paarts de le joorn''
! English !! Twench
|-
| day || joorn
|-
| dawn || alb
|-
| morning || mattijn
|-
| noon || middij
|-
| afternoon || apresmiddij
|-
| evening || seir
|-
| dusk || wesper
|-
| night || nocht
|-
| midnight || midnocht
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - ''Unitaats de tiens''
! English !! Twench
|-
| second || zekond
|-
| minute || minuut
|-
| hour || our
|-
| day || joorn
|-
| week || semmaan
|-
| month || meis
|-
| season || seisoun
|-
| year || an
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Time adverbs - ''Adverbs de tiens''
! English !! Twench
|-
| now || ghoor
|-
| then || loors
|-
| recently, a short time ago ||
|-
| earlier ||
|-
| soon, shortly || alzij
|-
| later ||
|-
| always || zempers
|-
| often || zowent
|-
| sometimes ||
|-
| rarely ||
|-
| never || jameis
|-
| ever ||
|-
| still, yet || ankoor
|-
| already ||
|-
| today || ooi
|-
| tonight ||
|-
| yesterday || ɡheer
|-
| last night ||
|-
| tomorrow || demaan
|-
| before yesterday ||
|-
| two nights ago ||
|-
| after tomorrow ||
|-
| this week ||
|-
| last week ||
|-
| next week ||
|-
|}
 
===Colours - ''Les klours''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Colours - ''Les klours''
! English !! Twench
|-
| white || blank(e)
|-
| grey || grijs, grize
|-
| black || negher(e)
|-
| red || roei(e); ros(se)
|-
| orange || oranje
|-
| brown || bruun, brune
|-
| yellow || galen(e)
|-
| green || weerd(e)
|-
| blue || blaaw, blawe
|-
| pink || roze
|-
| purple || porper(e)
|-
| golden || deuraat, deurate
|-
|}
 
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
Toots ommes nassen liwer et ekwaal en deintaat et drechts. Els zon dotaat de reisoun et konsense, et els dewen aghijr les uuns woek les alters en un spirit de fraartaat.
Toots humaan esters nassen liwer et ekwaal en deintaat et drechts. Els zon dotaat de reisoun et konsense, et els dewen aghijr les uuns woek les alters en un spirit de fraartaat.


'''IPA:''' /tots ˈɔməs ˈnasən ˈlivər ət eˈkval ən dɛɪnˈtat ət drɛxts ‖ ɛls zɔn doˈtat də rɛɪˈsun ət kɔnˈsɛnsə | ət ɛls ˈdevən aˈɣiːr ləs yns vuk ləs ˈɑltərs ən ʏn ˈspirɪt də fraːrˈtat/
'''IPA:''' /tots ɦyˈman ˈɛstərs ˈnɑsən ˈlivər ət eˈkval ən dɛɪnˈtat ət drɛxts ‖ ɛls zɔn doˈtat də rɛɪˈsun ət kɔnˈsɛnsə | ət ɛls ˈdevən aˈɣiːr ləs yns vuk ləs ˈɑltərs ən ʏn ˈspirɪt də fraːrˈtat/


'''Translation:''' All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience, and they should act to one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
'''Translation:''' All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience, and they should act to one another in a spirit of brotherhood.


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[[Twench/Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
==Endnotes==
==Endnotes==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Twench"