Hothenese: Difference between revisions

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-Native name: ''Hôthen mâl''
+==Todo==
+-hir - -ful
+Native name: ''Hôthene mâl''
+Add more Estonian/old Medh Nghêl gibbiness
 Phonology: p t k b d g f θ x ð h m n ŋ l r s ʒ j ʋ + Finnish vowels
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 Declensions:
-e-stem ''rŷch'': rŷch, rŷchi, rŷched, rŷchel, rŷchez, rŷchev
+e-stem ''rŷch'': rŷch, rŷchi, rŷched, rŷchel, rŷchez, rŷchev, rŷche!
+a-stem ''cô'': cô, côi, côad, côal, côaz, côav, côa!
+o-stem ''serr'': serr, serri, serrœd, serrœl, serrœz, serrœv, serrœ!
+apparent-vowel ''calo'': calo, calo, calod, calol, caloz, calov, calo!
+t-stem ''mened'': mened, menez, meneth, menedel, menet, menep, mened!
+s-stem ''fôraz'': fôraz, fôraz, fôrâth, fôrazel, fôras, fôraf, fôraz!
+n-stem ''cŷthen'': cŷthen, cŷthen, cŷthenn, cŷthenel, cŷthêz, cŷthemm, cŷthen!
+nen-stem ''Pellæne'': Pellæne, Pellæz, Pellæ̂th, Pellæzel, Pellæs, Pellæf, Pellæz!
+Plurals use a particle ''ma'' which triggers a spirant mutation (numbers likewise trigger a spirant mutation)
-a-stem ''cô'': cô, côi, côad, côal, côaz, côav
+==Pronouns==
-o-stem ''sêr'': sêr, serri, serrœd, serrœl, serrœz, serrœv
+êz, enn, êth, ennel, ennez/ês, ennev/êf = 1SG
-t-stem ''mened'': mened, menez, meneth, menedel, menet, menep
+lâ, lân, lâd, lâl, lâz, lâv - 2SG
-s-stem ''fôraz'': fôraz, fôraz, fôrâth, fôrazel, fôras, fôraf
+lær, læri, læ^r, lærel, lærez, lærev - 2PL
-n-stem ''cŷthen'': cŷthen, cŷthen, cŷthenn, cŷthenel, cŷthêz, cŷthemm
+SG and 2PL forms? honorifics?
-nen-stem ''Pellæne'': Pellæne, Pellæz, Pellæ̂th, Pellæzel, Pellæs, Pellæf
+ia, iân, iâth, iâzel, iâs, iâzev = 3SG
-Verbs:
+hŷz, hynn, hŷth, hynnel, hynnez/hŷs, hynnev/hŷf = 1PL
-Mutation in the past tense? perfective?
+tôch, tôch, tôth, tôchel, tôchez, tôchev = 3PL
-Thematic verbs (ending with e, a, æ, o or œ typically)
+mole, molen, moled, molel, molez, molev = impersonal
-''pêthe-'': pêthen, pêthe, pêthe, pêthedh, pêthed, pêther
+all: fîr, fîri, fîr, fîrel, fîrez, fîrev
-infinitive ''pêthem''
+some: cen, cen, cenn, cenel, cêz, cemm
+any: lâth, lâthe, lâthed, lâthel, lâthez, lâthev
+==Adjectives==
+Invariable? Just nominative and oblique forms?
+==Verbs==
+This is only a rough idea
+Thematic verbs (ending with e, a, æ, o, œ, u or y typically)
+Change 1PL -dh to -b
+''pêthe-'': pêthen, pêtheth, pêthe, pêthedh, pêthed, pêther
+infinitive ''pêthev''
 S-stem verbs:
-''loz-'': lozin, lozi, loz, lozidh, lozid, lozir
+''loz-'': lozin, lozith, loz, lozidh, lozid, lozir
-infinitive ''tomm''
+infinitive ''lôth''
 T-stem verbs:
-''sed-'': sedin, sedi, sed, sedidh, sedid, sedir
+''sed-'': sedin, sedith, sed, sedidh, sedid, sedir
-infinitive ''senn''
+infinitive ''set''
 L-stem verbs:
-''rothel-'': rothelin, rotheli, rothel, rothelidh, rothelid, rothelir
+''rothel-'': rothelin, rothelith, rothel, rothelidh, rothelid, rothelir
 infinitive ''rothell''
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 R-stem verbs:
-''sæer-'': sæerin, sæeri, sæer, sæeridh, sæerid, sæerir
+''sæer-'': sæerin, sæerith, sæer, sæeridh, sæerid, sæerir
 infinitive ''sæer'' (underlying *sæerr; but words can't end in a long vowel followed by a double consonant)
+Honorifics use -r instead of the 2sg, 3sg and 2pl forms
+===Other tenses, aspects and moods===
+The preterite tense uses the suffixes -An, -Ath, -A, -Adh, -Ad, -Ar after the infinitive form. For example:
+pêthevæn, pêthevæth, pêthevæ, pêthevædh, pêthevæd, pêthevær
+lôthan, lôthath, lôtha, lôthadh, lôthad, lôthar
+setæn, setæth, setæ, setædh, setæd, setær
+The future imperfective works by removing the -n from the 1st person singular present tense and adding the suffixes -nÛch, -nÛth, -nUd, -nUth, -nUt, -nÛr?
+Imperfect? Future?
+Negative: a particle which soft mutates the verb
+===Nonfinite forms===
+(other than the infinitive)
+Attributive: same as the 1SG present or past but with -n replaced by -m
+===Notes===
+Uninflected verbs should mean something (many of them appear in the sample)
+==Derivational morphology==
+-edU/-AdU/-OdU/-tU/-^thU/-nnU/-^thU? (reflex of a hypothetical -tu/-ty in a finnish gib)
+-edA/-AdA/-OdA/-tA/-^thA/-nnA/-^thA? (reflex of a hypothetical -ta/-tä in a finnish gib)
+''-ze-'' (after thematic verbs); ''-ize-'' (after athematic verbs): passive
+==Numbers==
+oz, cîn, synn, raed, lîth, rœ̂v, fælinn, sŷtheb, rôtheb, ûth
+ûthoz, ûthcîn, ûthsynn, ûthraed ...
+pecher (20), synnœt (30), raedhot (40), lîthœt (50), rœ̂vœt (60), fælinœt (70), sŷthvot (80), rôthvot (90), tæez (100)
+==Miscellaneous ideas==
+A Wackernagel-like law (with particles such as conjunctions generally appearing in second position, like Latin ''enim'') is a Hothenese innovation (neither the parent language Ryctiac nor another descendant of it, Rhythoed, has it)
+==Sample text==
+<poem>
+'''Menez cŷth se fârozel, pêthæd êth choezane,'''
+'''Hæedhæd nôth sœ̂llechænyd, mîv silmad firized.'''
+'''Laev âdhad cu lôrozel, iormâch êched hŷne,'''
+'''Têchab se cathelhireth, iog silmad mydized.'''
+''As the days wander on, and summer turns to winter,''
+''And hopes vanish, a light shines far away.''
+''Though Fortune's wheel turns, oblivious to our struggles,''
+''we skillful beings work hard, seeking the light of day.''
+Menez cŷth se fârozel = moment-PL on PART wander-CONJ
+pêthæd êth choezane = winter.DAT turn summer
+Hæedhæd nôth sœ̂llechænyd = void.DAT hope vanish-PERF
+mîv silmad firized = shine light.DAT distance.GEN.DAT
+Laev âdhad cu lôrozel = wheel fortune.DAT though turns
+iormâch êched hŷne = oblivious struggle.DAT 1PL
+têchab se cathelhir-eth = work-hard.1PL PART skillful-COLL
+iog silmad mydized = look light.DAT day.GEN.DAT
+</poem>