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| '''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken. | | '''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken. |
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| *stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)
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| **yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress
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| *Old Irishy allomorphy
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| *''ā'' > ''iə''
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| ==Some words== | | ==Some words== |
| *φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)" | | *φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)" |
| *tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)" | | *tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)" |
| *bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > breit, breiti- "woman" | | *bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman" |
| *soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite- | | *soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite- |
| *kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost) | | *kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost) |
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| *nā > ṋiə "I" > nia | | *nā > ṋiə "I" > nia |
| *som, sam > hum "he" | | *som, sam > hum "he" |
| *sausmam > hauma "moon" > hoom | | *sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof |
| *sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ | | *sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ |
| *Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings | | *Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings |
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| |} | | |} |
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| | The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched. |
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| ===Stress=== | | ===Stress=== |
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| |} | | |} |
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| Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation. | | Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation. |
| <!-- | | <!-- |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" |
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| ===Verbs=== | | ===Verbs=== |
| Verbs have absolute and conjunct stems, much like in Old Irish. With a preverb or an ''incorporandum'' (incorporated noun stem), the conjunct form is used.
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| The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages]. | | The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages]. |
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| The forms came from the following stress pattern:
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+ Verb stress patterns in Pre-Roshterian [immediately after stress shift]
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" |
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | preverb
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| ! |
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | first
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | ...
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | penult
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | final
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| |-
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| ! Absolute
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| | ''-''
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| ! |
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| | '''secondary''' || unstressed || '''primary''' || unstressed
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| |-
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| ! Conjunct
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| | '''secondary'''
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| ! |
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| | unstressed || unstressed|| '''primary''' || unstressed
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| |}
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| Handwave: This creates a succession of unstressed syllables in the conjunct form which gets smooshed together in Old Roshterian. Or maybe no syncope, but some sort of vowel harmonization
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| Examples:
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| |-
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| ! Person !! ''ṋoṱiəṋi'' "I rest" (independent) !! ''mī-ṋṱiəṋi'' "I do not rest" (dependent)
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| |-
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| | 1SG || ṋoṱiəṋi || mī-ṋṱiəṋi
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| |-
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| | 2SG || ṋoṱiəri || mī-ṋṱiəri
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| |-
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| | 3SG.M || ṋoṱiəmi || mī-ṋṱiəmi
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| |-
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| | 3SG.F || ṋoṱiəsi || mī-ṋṱiəsi
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| |-
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| | 3SG.N || ṋoṱiə || mī-ṋṱiə
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| |-
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| | 1EX || ṋoṱiəmē || mī-ṋṱiəmē
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| |-
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| | 1IN || ṋoṱiəṋṱi || mī-ṋṱiəṋṱi
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| |-
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| | 2PL || ṋoṱiəsṱi || mī-ṋṱiəsṱi
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| |-
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| | 3PL || ṋoṱiəwi || mī-ṋṱiəwi
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| |}
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| For verbs that already have a preverb, this works a little differently. Consider the verb ''hē-soldəṋi'' "I praise", derived from ''hē-'' 'about' + ''soldəṋi'' 'sing':
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| ! Person !! ''hē-soldəṋi'' "I praise" (independent) !! ''mīs-esoləṋi'' "I do not praise" (dependent)
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| |-
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| | 1SG || hē-soldəṋi || mīs-esoləṋi
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| |-
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| | 2SG || hē-soldəri || mīs-esoləri
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| |-
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| | 3SG.M || hē-soldəmi|| mīs-esoləmi
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| |-
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| | 3SG.F || hē-soldəsi || mīs-esoləsi
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| |-
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| | 3SG.N || hē-soldə || mīs-esolə
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| |-
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| | 1EX || hē-soldəmē || mīs-esoləmē
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| |-
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| | 1IN || hē-soldəṋṱi || mīs-esoləṋṱi
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| |-
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| | 2PL || hē-soldəsṱi || mīs-esoləsṱi
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| |-
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| | 3PL || hē-soldəwi || mīs-esoləwi
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+ Verb stress patterns in Pre-Roshterian [immediately after stress shift]
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" |
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | preverb
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| ! |
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | first
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | ...
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | penult
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | final
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| |-
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| ! Absolute
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| | ''-''
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| ! |
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| | '''secondary''' || unstressed || '''primary''' || unstressed
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| |-
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| ! Conjunct
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| | '''secondary'''
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| ! |
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| | unstressed || unstressed|| '''primary''' || unstressed
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| |}
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| Handwave: This creates a succession of unstressed syllables in the conjunct form which gets smooshed together in Old Roshterian. Or maybe no syncope, but some sort of vowel harmonization
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| ===Pronouns=== | | ===Pronouns=== |