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Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.
'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.


*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)
**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress
*Old Irishy allomorphy
*''ā'' > ''iə''
==Some words==
==Some words==
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > breit, breiti- "woman"
*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
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*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
*som, sam > hum "he"
*som, sam > hum "he"
*sausmam > hauma "moon" > hoom
*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
*Final -r has been deleted in endings
*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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|   
|   
|}
|}
The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.


===Stress===
===Stress===
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| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
|}
|}
Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs have absolute and conjunct stems, much like in Old Irish. With a preverb or an ''incorporandum'' (incorporated noun stem), the conjunct form is used.
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
The forms came from the following stress pattern:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ Verb stress patterns in Pre-Roshterian [immediately after stress shift]
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | preverb
! |
! style="width: 100px;" | first
!  style="width: 100px;" | ...
!  style="width: 100px;" | penult
!  style="width: 100px;" | final
|-
! Absolute
| ''-''
! |
| '''secondary''' || unstressed || '''primary''' || unstressed
|-
! Conjunct
| '''secondary'''
! |
| unstressed || unstressed|| '''primary''' || unstressed
|}
Handwave: This creates a succession of unstressed syllables in the conjunct form which gets smooshed together in Old Roshterian
Examples:
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''tussānis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || tussānis || torenis || aellinis || cacsynis
|-
| 2SG || tussāris || toreris || aelliris || cacsyris
|-
| 3SG.M || tussāmis || toremis || aellimis || cacsymis
|-
| 3SG.F || tussāsis || toresis || aellisis || cacsysis
|-
| 3SG.N || tussās || tores || aellis || cacsis
|-
| 1EX || tussāmēs || toremēs || aellimēs || cacsymēs
|-
| 1IN || tussāntis || torentis || aellintis || cacsyntis
|-
| 2PL || tussāsces || toresces || aellisces || cacsysces
|-
| 3PL || tussātis || toretis || aellitis || cacsytis
|}
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person !! ''tussānis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussān || nīs toren || nīs aellin || nīs cacsyn
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussār || nīs torer || nīs aellir || nīs cacsyr
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussām || nīs torem || nīs aellim || nīs cacsym
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussāsi || nīs toresi || nīs aellisi || nīs cacsysi
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussā || nīs tore || nīs aelli || nīs cacsy
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussāmē || nīs toremē || nīs aellimē || nīs cacsymē
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussānt || nīs torent || nīs aellint || nīs cacsynt
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussāsce || nīs toresce || nīs aellisce || nīs cacsysce
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussāt || nīs toret || nīs aellit || nīs cacsyt
|}


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian"