Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.

'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.

*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)

**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress

*Old Irishy allomorphy

*''ā'' > ''iə''

==Some words==

*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"

*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"

*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > ~~breit~~, ~~breiti~~- "woman"

*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"

*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-

*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)

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*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia

*som, sam > hum "he"

*sausmam > ~~hauma~~ "moon" > ~~hoom~~

*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof

*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ

*Final -r ~~has~~ been deleted in endings

*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings

==Phonology==

===Vowels===

a e i o u ə ö ü ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw

a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw

ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL

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|

|}

The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.

===Stress===

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| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''

|}

Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.

<!--

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"

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===Verbs===

~~Verbs have absolute~~ and ~~conjunct stems, much like~~ in Old ~~Irish. With a preverb or an ''incorporandum'' (incorporated noun stem), the conjunct form is used.~~

The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].

~~Old Irish-style absolute-conjunct: How is it realized?~~

~~{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"~~

~~|+ Verb stress patterns in Pre-~~Roshterian [~~immediately after stress shift]~~

|-

~~! style="width: 90px;" |~~

~~! style="width: 100px;" | Preverb~~

~~! style="width: 100px;" | 1 (first)~~

~~! style="width: 100px;" | ...~~

~~! style="width: 100px;" | -1 (penult)~~

~~! style="width: 100px;" | 0 (ultimate)~~

|-

~~! Absolute~~

~~| ''-'' || '''secondary''' || unstressed || '''primary''' || unstressed~~

|-

~~! Conjunct~~

~~| '''secondary''' || unstressed || unstressed|| '''primary''' || unstressed~~

|}

~~[This implies that noun incorporation started~~ in ~~Pre-Roshterian. Sounds~~ a ~~little too early for me~~. ~~Maybe a "binder" prefix which then combines with the incorporandum?]~~

~~Binder prefix: hu-/hə-~~

~~Handwave: This creates a succession of unstressed syllables in the conjunct form which gets smooshed together in Old Roshterian~~

===Pronouns===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.
+'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.
-*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)
-**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress
-*Old Irishy allomorphy
-*''ā'' > ''iə''
 ==Some words==
 *φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
 *tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
-*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > breit, breiti- "woman"
+*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
 *soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
 *kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
@@ Line 17: / Line 13: @@
 *nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
 *som, sam > hum "he"
-*sausmam > hauma "moon" > hoom
+*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
 *sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
-*Final -r has been deleted in endings
+*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings
 ==Phonology==
 ===Vowels===
-a e i o u ə ö ü ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw
+a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw
 ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL
@@ Line 101: / Line 97: @@
 |
 |}
+The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.
 ===Stress===
@@ Line 118: / Line 116: @@
 | ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
 |}
+Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.
 <!--
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
@@ Line 156: / Line 156: @@
 ===Verbs===
-Verbs have absolute and conjunct stems, much like in Old Irish. With a preverb or an ''incorporandum'' (incorporated noun stem), the conjunct form is used.
+The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
-Old Irish-style absolute-conjunct: How is it realized?
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
-|+ Verb stress patterns in Pre-Roshterian [immediately after stress shift]
-|-
-! style="width: 90px;" |
-! style="width: 100px;" | Preverb
-! style="width: 100px;" | 1 (first)
-!  style="width: 100px;" | ...
-!  style="width: 100px;" | -1 (penult)
-!  style="width: 100px;" | 0 (ultimate)
-|-
-! Absolute
-| ''-'' || '''secondary''' || unstressed || '''primary''' || unstressed
-|-
-! Conjunct
-| '''secondary''' || unstressed || unstressed|| '''primary''' || unstressed
-|}
-[This implies that noun incorporation started in Pre-Roshterian. Sounds a little too early for me. Maybe a "binder" prefix which then combines with the incorporandum?]
-Binder prefix: hu-/hə-
-Handwave: This creates a succession of unstressed syllables in the conjunct form which gets smooshed together in Old Roshterian
 ===Pronouns===