Metin: Difference between revisions
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====Overview==== | ====Overview==== | ||
Every noun in Metin belongs to one of 10 classes. | Every noun in Metin belongs to one of 10 classes. | ||
Class 1 refers exclusively to humans. They take the prefix tsi- in all cases. | Class 1 refers exclusively to humans. They take the prefix tsi- in all cases. | ||
Class 2 is the plural of class 1. They take the prefix oka- in all cases. | Class 2 is the plural of class 1. They take the prefix oka- in all cases. | ||
Class 3 refers to animals, serviles, and other intelligent nonhuman beings. They take the prefix eey- in all cases. | Class 3 refers to animals, serviles, and other intelligent nonhuman beings. They take the prefix eey- in all cases. | ||
Class 4 is the plural of class 3. They take the prefix jii- in all cases. | Class 4 is the plural of class 3. They take the prefix jii- in all cases. | ||
Class 5 refers to small and medium inanimate objects, plants, basic tools, and miscellaneous tangible objects. It comes in two forms. | Class 5 refers to small and medium inanimate objects, plants, basic tools, and miscellaneous tangible objects. It comes in two forms. | ||
Class 5a nouns take either the prefix mi- or the prefix įh- in the absolutive case and have no prefixes. | Class 5a nouns take either the prefix mi- or the prefix įh- in the absolutive case and have no prefixes. | ||
Class 5b nouns take the prefix ut- in all cases. | Class 5b nouns take the prefix ut- in all cases. | ||
Class 6 refers to very large nouns, especially when they are thought of as locations. | |||
Class 7 is the plural of class 6. | Class 6 refers to very large nouns, especially when they are thought of as locations. All cases take prefix sxu-. | ||
Class 7 is the plural of class 6. All cases take prefix cxu-. | |||
Class 8 refers to mass nouns. It comes in two forms. | Class 8 refers to mass nouns. It comes in two forms. | ||
Class 8a nouns take the prefix oo- in all cases. This class is closed, and only a few common nouns are within it. | Class 8a nouns take the prefix oo- in all cases. This class is closed, and only a few common nouns are within it. | ||
Class 8b nouns take the prefix cha- in all cases. This class is open. | Class 8b nouns take the prefix cha- in all cases. This class is open. | ||
Class 9 refers to vehicles and very large devices. They take the prefix we in all cases. | Class 9 refers to vehicles and very large devices. They take the prefix we in all cases. | ||
Class 10 refers to intangible and abstract things. They take the prefix lu in all cases. | Class 10 refers to intangible and abstract things. They take the prefix lu in all cases. | ||
====Declension of noun prefixes==== | ====Declension of noun prefixes==== | ||
====Explanation of noun cases==== | ====Explanation of noun cases==== | ||
The absolutive case is used for the subject of transitive verbs, and both the subject and direct object of transitive verbs. | The absolutive case is used for the subject of transitive verbs, and both the subject and direct object of transitive verbs. | ||
The ablative case is used to mark the possessor of a possessed noun, the "source" of verbs of production, and the starting | The ablative case is used to mark the possessor of a possessed noun, the "source" of verbs of production, and the starting | ||
point of verbs of motion. | point of verbs of motion. | ||
The oblique case is used for all adjunct noun roles. | The oblique case is used for all adjunct noun roles. | ||
The dative case is used to mark indirect objects, the "output" of verbs of production, and the destination of verbs of movement. | The dative case is used to mark indirect objects, the "output" of verbs of production, and the destination of verbs of movement. | ||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
===Verb class prefixes=== | ===Verb class prefixes=== | ||
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lį: indefinite, single subject, avolitional, unproductive | lį: indefinite, single subject, avolitional, unproductive | ||
Example verbs: lį-cx'uy: (something) is red lį-jáe: (something) is beautiful | |||
wu: terminate, single subject, avolitional, unproductive | wu: terminate, single subject, avolitional, unproductive | ||
Example verbs: wu-cxú (something) is hot | |||
k'a: aorist, single subject, avolitional, unproductive | k'a: aorist, single subject, avolitional, unproductive | ||
Example verbs: k'a-çat: (something) makes a mistake | |||
tsismį: indefinite, single subject, volitional, unproductive | tsismį: indefinite, single subject, volitional, unproductive | ||
Example verbs: gidi-tsismį-xuj: (someone) wanders, is itinerant | |||
tse: terminate, single subject, volitional, unproductive | tse: terminate, single subject, volitional, unproductive | ||
Example verbs: tse-xuj: (someone) is walking | |||
ts'a: aorist, single subject, volitional, unproductive | ts'a: aorist, single subject, volitional, unproductive | ||
Example verbs: ts'a-gát: (someone) jumps | |||
bha: productive, single subject, avolitional | bha: productive, single subject, avolitional | ||
tsuwha: productive, single subject, volitional | tsuwha: productive, single subject, volitional | ||
yo: transformational, single subject, avolitional | yo: transformational, single subject, avolitional | ||
co: transformational, single subject, volitional | co: transformational, single subject, volitional | ||
=====Polyintransitive===== | =====Polyintransitive===== | ||
pxao, fįxao: indefinite, multiple subject, avolitional | pxao, fįxao: indefinite, multiple subject, avolitional | ||
bhuwao, bhiwao: terminate, multiple subject, avolitional | |||
px'awao, px'iwao: aorist, multiple subject, avolitional, | bhuwao, bhiwao: terminate, multiple subject, avolitional | ||
px'awao, px'iwao: aorist, multiple subject, avolitional | |||
tseo, tsitseo: indefinite, multiple subject, volitional | |||
tsuweo, tsiweo: terminate, multiple subject, volitional | |||
ts'aweo, ts'iweo: aorist, multiple subject, volitional | |||
ts'aweo, ts'iweo: aorist, multiple subject, volitional | |||
bhabhao, bhibhao: productive, multiple subject, avolitional | bhabhao, bhibhao: productive, multiple subject, avolitional | ||
tsabhao, tsibhao: productive, multiple subject, volitional | tsabhao, tsibhao: productive, multiple subject, volitional | ||
jei, yiyyei: transformational, multiple subject, avolitional | jei, yiyyei: transformational, multiple subject, avolitional | ||
cei, çicei: transformational, multiple subject, volitional | cei, çicei: transformational, multiple subject, volitional | ||
====Transitive==== | ====Transitive==== | ||
he: indefinite for subject, volitional single subject, avolitional single object, unproductive. | |||
Example verb: he-tiauns: (someone) widens (something) | |||
she: terminate for subject, volitional single subject, avolitional single object, unproductive. | |||
Example verb: she-thaa (someone) works on (something) | |||
th'e: aorist for subject, volitional single subject, avolitional single object, unproductive. | |||
Example verb: th'e-yáx: (someone) unties (something) | |||
qo: indefinite for subject, avolitional single subject, avolitional single object, unproductive. | |||
Example verbs: qo-haan: (something) lies on top of (something) | |||
ro: terminate for subject, avolitional single subject, avolitional single object, unproductive. | |||
Example verbs: ro-moig: (something) is rolling over (something) | |||
Example verbs: ro-kx'įį: (something) absorbs (something) | |||
q'o: aorist for subject, avolitional single subject, avolitional single object, unproductive. | |||
Example verbs: qx'o-qaa: (something) hits (something) | |||
====Ditransitive=== | ====Ditransitive=== | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||