Indo-Semitic: Difference between revisions

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-*nom saluom
+Indo-Semitic (placeholder name) preserves the PSem dual and cases, unlike other Semitic languages. Notably, it shifted the head-initial grammar of Proto-Semitic to a more agglutinative and head-final grammar.
-*gen saluomi
+==Nouns==
-*acc saluoma
+Nouns have two genders, three numbers (the dual was retained from Proto-Semitic), and 8 to 10 cases depending on the dialect. The nominative, accusative and genitive were inherited from Proto-Semitic, and additional cases were formed by suffixing inflected pronouns (for example, ''beetilu'' 'the house (dative)' from ''*bayti-lahu'' 'the house (gen), for it').
-*dat saluomilu
-*inst saluominu
+The construct state was lost.
-*loc saluomibu
+The cases are:
+*nominative
+*accusative
+*genitive
+*dative
+*lative~instrumental
+*locative
+*ablative
+*superessive
+*comitative (not in all dialects)
+*terminative (not in all dialects)
+Masculine nouns: ''beet'' 'house'
+*nom beet, beetaam, beetuum
+*acc beeta, beetama, beetima
+*gen beeti, beetami, beetiimi
+*dat beetilu, beetallan, beetillen
+*lat/ins beetinu, beetannan, beetinnen
+*loc beetibu, beetabban, beetibben
+*abl beetiltu, beetaltan, beetilten
+*sup beetileu, beetallehan,  beetillehen
+*com beetemu, beetaman, beetimen
+*term beetadu, beetaddan, beetidden
+Feminine nouns: ''šarrat'' 'queen'
+*nom šarrat, šarrataam, šarraat
+*acc šarrata, šarratama, šarraata
+*gen šarrati, šarratami, šarraati
+*dat šarratila, šarratallan, šarraatillen
+*lat/ins šarratina, šarratannan, šarraatinnen
+*loc šarratiba, šarratabban, šarraatibben
+*abl šarratilta, šarrataltan, šarraatilten
+*sup šarratilia, šarratallehan, šarraatillehen
+*com šarratima, šarrataman, šarratimen
+*term šarratadu, šarrataddan, šarraatidden
+''-naft'' = emphatic