Kunesian: Difference between revisions

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-In addition, there are three stressed diphthongs: /aɨ̯/, /ei̯/ and /ɔɨ̯/.
+In addition, there are four stressed diphthongs: /aɨ̯/, /ei̯/, /ɔɨ̯/ and /aʉ̯/. /aʉ̯/ only appears in the word /kʰáʉ̯/ "swamp", where it contrasts with /kʰáɨ̯/ "he, she".
 In unstressed syllables, only /ɐ e ɨ ʊ/ and sometimes /əɨ̯/ occur. However, /əɨ̯/ merges with /ɨ/ for some speakers.
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 | gloss = PL house CL(many)
 | translation = houses, many houses, a village
+}}
+Plurals are also used when making general statements.
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = Ti nilaip nok nipu.
+| IPA = /t͡ɕí ɲílɨp nʌ̀k ɲýpʊ/
+| gloss = PL apple GNOM red
+| translation = Apples are red.
 }}
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 The powers of twelve are ''pinai'' (144), ''belu'' (1728) and ''ilarai'' (20736).
+The first two ordinals are ''hiôla'' "first" and ''mahai'' "second". Other ordinals are expressed as numeral - mahai:
+* tara mahai = third
+* naike irek sinai mahai = fifty-fourth
 ==Verbs==
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 ===Compound verbs===
+Instead of a single verb root a verbal phrase may also contain several roots after one another. In such cases the first root is the main root while the following one(s) modify it. Many verbs have slightly different meanings than normally when used in such compounds. For example, ''nuli'', which usually means "to see", means "to intend" in compounds.
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = No baistak nuli ôno lsi.
+| IPA = /nʌ́ bàɨ̯stɐk núʎɨ ónɐ θì/
+| gloss = 1SG.SUBJ leave intend morning rise
+| translation = I intend to leave tomorrow.
+}}
+Somewhat relatedly, many combinations of verbs and nouns also have idiomatic meanings. An example is ''qotte nênte'' "to interrupt", which literally means "to carry a wall".
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = Es nerep lai, hêtai no qotte nênte.
+| IPA = /èɕ ɲéɾep láɨ̯, jèθəɨ̯ nʌ́ qʰʌ̀t͡ɕe nḛ̀t͡ɕe/
+| gloss = DYN speak PST.INC, but 1SG.SUBJ wall carry
+| translation = He started to speak, but I interrupted him.
+}}
 ==Word order==
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 ==Complex sentences==
+Complex sentences are formed by means of various subordinating and coordinating particles.
+===''Ed''===
+The particle ''ed'' generally indicates that a subordinate clause follows the main clause.
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = No te <font color="green">ed</font> nerep ku, ku ama naira.
+| IPA = /nʌ́ t͡ɕé è ɲǽɾep kɯ́, kɯ́ ámɐ náɨ̯ɾɐ/
+| gloss = 1SG.SUBJ 3SG.OBJ SUB say PST, NEG that know
+| translation = I've told him <font color="green">that</font> I don't know that.
+}}
+It can also be followed by a noun phrase rather than an entire sentence.
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = Nanak hêkai ama <font color="green">ed</font> setai, nezu nitote ad.
+| IPA = /nánɐk jèkəɨ̯ ámɐ è ɕéθɨ, ɲǿd͡zʊ ɲýt͡ɕe à/
+| gloss = snow CL(nature) that SUB be, cold rain CL(similar)
+| translation = Snow is a kind of cold rain.
+}}
+===''Man''===
+''Man'' indicates a conditional clause. It is placed at the very end of the clause.
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = Haiwi tede <font color="green">man</font> nok qiwise tire.
+| IPA = /ɰɔ́ɨ̯jɨ t͡ɕḛ̀ màn nʌ̀k qʰýɕe t͡ɕíɾe/
+| gloss = beer drink if GNOM drunk FUT
+| translation = <font color="green">If</font> you drink beer, you get drunk.
+}}
+It is used more often than "if" in English, and may sometimes better be translated using a relative clause.
+{{Gloss
+| phrase = Nilaip lino minte, no ne peste ku <font color="green">man</font>.
+| IPA = /ɲílɨp ʎínɐ mʲḭ̀t͡ɕe, nʌ́ ɲé p͡çèɕːe kɯ́ màn/
+| gloss = apple tongue confuse, 1SG.SUBJ TEL eat PST if
+| translation = The apple I just ate tasted weird.
+}}
+===''Heh''===
+===Other particles===
 ==Sample==
 [[Category:Languages]]