Yuyši - Revision history

Lili21 at 10:08, 13 January 2020

2020-01-13T10:08:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:08, 13 January 2020
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	\|ethnicity = Yuyši people (''Yuy'')		\|ethnicity = Yuyši people (''Yuy'')
	\|speakers = {{formatnum:5700000}}		\|speakers = {{formatnum:5700000}}
	\|date = ~~4E Ɛ1 /~~ 2312		\|date = 2312
	\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]		\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]
	\|familycolor = Language isolate		\|familycolor = Language isolate

Lili21 at 10:05, 13 January 2020

2020-01-13T10:05:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 13 January 2020
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	\|speakers = {{formatnum:5700000}}		\|speakers = {{formatnum:5700000}}
	\|date = 4E Ɛ1 / 2312		\|date = 4E Ɛ1 / 2312
	\|setting = Calémere		\|setting = [[Verse:Calémere\|Calémere]]
	\|familycolor = Language isolate		\|familycolor = Language isolate
	\|fam1 = Ivugi		\|fam1 = Ivugi

Lili21: /* Stem and forms */

2018-04-28T19:42:02Z

Stem and forms

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 28 April 2018
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	The two exceptions are the past indefinite and the imperative definite forms.<br/>The ''past indefinite form'' is formed by nasalizing the final vowel of the stem. This effectively means that for nasal stems this form is the bare stem; ''-i, -e, -ê, -ẽ'' stems all merge as ''-ẽ''; ''-u, -o, -ô, -õ'' stems all merge as ''-õ'', ''-a'' becomes ''-ã'' and ''-êy'' becomes ''-ãy''. Consonant stems add ''-õ''.		The two exceptions are the past indefinite and the imperative definite forms.<br/>The ''past indefinite form'' is formed by nasalizing the final vowel of the stem. This effectively means that for nasal stems this form is the bare stem; ''-i, -e, -ê, -ẽ'' stems all merge as ''-ẽ''; ''-u, -o, -ô, -õ'' stems all merge as ''-õ'', ''-a'' becomes ''-ã'' and ''-êy'' becomes ''-ãy''. Consonant stems add ''-õ''.

	The imperative definite adds ''-u'' to consonant stem verbs; verbs in ''-u, -o'', and ''-ô'' all have ''-u''; those in ''-i'' have ''-uy''; those in ''-a'' have ''-o'', and ''-e -ê -êe'' become ''-ew, -êw, -êw''. Nasal vowels are denasalized and have ''-nu'' after them, making this form identical to the past definite.		The imperative definite adds ''-u'' to consonant stem verbs; verbs in ''-u, -o'', and ''-ô'' all have ''-u''; those in ''-i'' have ''-uy''; those in ''-a'' have ''-o'', and ''-e -ê -êy'' become ''-ew, -êw, -êw''. Nasal vowels are denasalized and have ''-nu'' after them, making this form identical to the past definite.

	There is a small number of irregular verbs, apart from ''yuy'' (anything not included here is regular):		There is a small number of irregular verbs, apart from ''yuy'' (anything not included here is regular):

Lili21: /* Stem and forms */

2018-04-28T19:41:44Z

Stem and forms

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 28 April 2018
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	* '''-oy''' — stem in ''-ó''		* '''-oy''' — stem in ''-ó''
	* '''-ii''' — stem in ''-i''		* '''-ii''' — stem in ''-i''
	* '''-ey''' — stem in ''-e''		* '''-ey''' — stem in ''-e'' or ''-ê''
	* '''-êe''' — stem in ''-ê''		* '''-êy''' — (some) stems in ''-ê'' (rare)
	* '''-~~êei~~''' — ~~stem~~ in ''-~~ee'' or ''-êe~~''
	* '''-ay''' — stem in ''-a''		* '''-ay''' — stem in ''-a''
	* '''-i''' — consonant stem		* '''-i''' — consonant stem
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	* Imperative indefinite: bare stem		* Imperative indefinite: bare stem

	The two exceptions are the past indefinite and the imperative definite forms.<br/>The ''past indefinite form'' is formed by nasalizing the final vowel of the stem. This effectively means that for nasal stems this form is the bare stem; ''-i, -e, -ê, -ẽ'' stems all merge as ''-ẽ''; ''-u, -o, -ô, -õ'' stems all merge as ''-õ'', ''-a'' becomes ''-ã'' and ''-êe'' becomes ''-ãy''. Consonant stems add ''-õ''.		The two exceptions are the past indefinite and the imperative definite forms.<br/>The ''past indefinite form'' is formed by nasalizing the final vowel of the stem. This effectively means that for nasal stems this form is the bare stem; ''-i, -e, -ê, -ẽ'' stems all merge as ''-ẽ''; ''-u, -o, -ô, -õ'' stems all merge as ''-õ'', ''-a'' becomes ''-ã'' and ''-êy'' becomes ''-ãy''. Consonant stems add ''-õ''.

	The imperative definite adds ''-u'' to consonant stem verbs; verbs in ''-u, -o'', and ''-ô'' all have ''-u''; those in ''-i'' have ''-uy''; those in ''-a'' have ''-o'', and ''-e -ê -êe'' become ''-ew, -êw, -êw''. Nasal vowels are denasalized and have ''-nu'' after them, making this form identical to the past definite.		The imperative definite adds ''-u'' to consonant stem verbs; verbs in ''-u, -o'', and ''-ô'' all have ''-u''; those in ''-i'' have ''-uy''; those in ''-a'' have ''-o'', and ''-e -ê -êe'' become ''-ew, -êw, -êw''. Nasal vowels are denasalized and have ''-nu'' after them, making this form identical to the past definite.
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	! Verb !! Past indef. !! Past def. !! Present indef. !! Present def.		! Verb !! Past indef. !! Past def. !! Present indef. !! Present def.
	\|-		\|-
	! ''~~łayêe~~'' "to eat"		! ''łayêy'' "to eat"
	\| łayã \|\| łayánu \|\| łayło \|\| łayłú		\| łayã \|\| łayánu \|\| łayło \|\| łayłú
	\|-		\|-

Lili21: /* Vowels */

2018-04-28T19:40:31Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 28 April 2018
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	\|}		\|}
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
	Yuyši has ~~twelve~~ vowels (three of which nasal)~~, with a striking feature being a somewhat odd length distinction in two vowels only~~ - ~~for many speakers~~, ~~however~~, ~~the long vowels have become closing diphthongs, while, especially in urban areas in the Eastern Yuyši~~-~~speaking area, they have completely merged with the short ones. There~~ are also many phonetic diphthongs, which are, however, better analyzed as combinations of a vowel plus a semivowel.<br/>		Yuyši has ten vowels (three of which nasal)<!-- sketch yuyši ee, êe > ey, êy -->; there are also many phonetic diphthongs, which are, however, better analyzed as combinations of a vowel plus a semivowel.<br/>
	Note that high-low vowels are only distinguished from high-mid ones when stressed; the orthography always marks a stressed high-low vowel with a circumflex, and the stressed high-mid ones with acutes when the stress is not on the penultimate. Other stressed vowels are graphically marked only when the stressed syllable is not the penultimate. The last nasal vowel is typically always stressed, so when they are present, stress is marked even on the penult if it does not fall on the last nasal vowel.		Note that high-low vowels are only distinguished from high-mid ones when stressed; the orthography always marks a stressed high-low vowel with a circumflex, and the stressed high-mid ones with acutes when the stress is not on the penultimate. Other stressed vowels are graphically marked only when the stressed syllable is not the penultimate. The last nasal vowel is typically always stressed, so when they are present, stress is marked even on the penult if it does not fall on the last nasal vowel.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	! High-mid		! High-mid
	\| '''e(é)''' e~~<br/> '''ee''' eː~~ \|\| \|\| '''o (ó)''' o		\| '''e(é)''' e \|\| \|\| '''o (ó)''' o
	\|-		\|-
	! High-low		! High-low
	\| '''ê''' ɛ~~<br/>'''êe''' ɛː~~<br/>'''ẽ''' ɛ̃ \|\| \|\| '''ô''' ɔ<br/>'''õ''' ɔ̃		\| '''ê''' ɛ<br/>'''ẽ''' ɛ̃ \|\| \|\| '''ô''' ɔ<br/>'''õ''' ɔ̃
	\|-		\|-
	! Low		! Low

Lili21 at 12:35, 6 February 2018

2018-02-06T12:35:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 6 February 2018
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Yuyši		\|name = Yuyši
	\|~~nativname~~ = r'etii yuyši		\|nativename = r'etii yuyši
	\|pronunciation = [ˈretiː ˈjyʃi]		\|pronunciation = [ˈretiː ˈjyʃi]
	\|region = western Lower North of Ceránento		\|region = western Lower North of Ceránento

Lili21: /* Notes */

2018-01-18T11:06:10Z

Notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 18 January 2018
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	[[Category:Analytic languages]]		[[Category:Analytic languages]]
	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
			[[Category:Artlangs]]
	[[Category:Calémere]]		[[Category:Calémere]]

Lili21: /* Numerals */

2017-12-31T17:02:01Z

Numerals

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 31 December 2017
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	===Numerals===		===Numerals===
	Yuyši has a base-10 numeral system, with root numbers from 1 to 11:		Yuyši has a base-10 numeral system, with root numbers from 1 to 11:<br/>
	1 ''ši''<br/>		1 ''ši''<br/>
	2 ''sopú''<br/>		2 ''sopú''<br/>

Lili21: /* From The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring */

2017-11-06T22:55:13Z

From The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 6 November 2017
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	'''English:''' It is a gift. A gift to the foes of Mordor. Why not use this Ring? Long has my father, the steward of Gondor, kept the forces of Mordor at bay. By the blood of our people are your lands kept safe. Give Gondor the weapon of the enemy; let us use it against him!		'''English:''' It is a gift. A gift to the foes of Mordor. Why not use this Ring? Long has my father, the steward of Gondor, kept the forces of Mordor at bay. By the blood of our people are your lands kept safe. Give Gondor the weapon of the enemy; let us use it against him!

	'''Yuyši:''' Ta yo yôna. Yôna nẽ burá ~~saa~~ Môrudoru. Gê irá hi fu ye kišiła? Dó sôli, a yu dikáłuši ~~saa~~ Gõdoru, garetsẽ tsučatenu rẽši ~~saa~~ Môrudoru. Kó sałte yo kidikała ku buda ~~saa~~ nẽru sáliru. Yêku nẽ Gõdoru gači ~~saa~~ burá; yuy iwôči a lẽ šiło ga ta!		'''Yuyši:''' Ta yo yôna. Yôna nẽ burá so Môrudoru. Gê irá hi fu ye kišiła? Dó sôli, a yu dikáłuši so Gõdoru, garetsẽ tsučatenu rẽši so Môrudoru. Kó sałte yo kidikała ku buda so nẽru sáliru. Yêku nẽ Gõdoru gači so burá; yuy iwôči a lẽ šiło ga ta!

	'''Gloss''': <small>3SG</small>. be.<small>PRES.IND</small>. gift. \| gift. to. foe. of. Mordor. \| this. ring. why. not. be.<small>PRES.IND.INTERR</small>. use-<small>PART.PASSIVE-PRES</small>. \| father. mine. <small>REL</small>. be.<small>PRES.DEF</small>. steward. of. Gondor. long_time. keep_away-<small>PAST.DEF</small>. army. of. Mordor. \| land. yours. be.<small>PRES.IND</small>. protect-<small>PART.PASSIVE-PRES</small>. with.<small>INSTR</small>. blood. of. folk. ours. \| give.<small>IMPER-DEF</small>. to. Gondor. weapon. of. enemy. \| be. may. that. we. use-<small>PRES.DEF</small>. against. <small>3SG</small>.		'''Gloss''': <small>3SG</small>. be.<small>PRES.IND</small>. gift. \| gift. to. foe. of. Mordor. \| this. ring. why. not. be.<small>PRES.IND.INTERR</small>. use-<small>PART.PASSIVE-PRES</small>. \| father. mine. <small>REL</small>. be.<small>PRES.DEF</small>. steward. of. Gondor. long_time. keep_away-<small>PAST.DEF</small>. army. of. Mordor. \| land. yours. be.<small>PRES.IND</small>. protect-<small>PART.PASSIVE-PRES</small>. with.<small>INSTR</small>. blood. of. folk. ours. \| give.<small>IMPER-DEF</small>. to. Gondor. weapon. of. enemy. \| be. may. that. we. use-<small>PRES.DEF</small>. against. <small>3SG</small>.

Lili21: /* Pronouns */

2017-11-06T22:54:17Z

Pronouns

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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! Pronoun !! Uninflected<br/><small>"Nominative"</small> !! ''*u +''<br/><small>"Accusative"</small> !! ''~~saa~~ +''<br/><small>"Genitive"</small> !! łe +<br/>with !! nẽ +<br/>to		! Pronoun !! Uninflected<br/><small>"Nominative"</small> !! ''*u +''<br/><small>"Accusative"</small> !! ''so +''<br/><small>"Genitive"</small> !! łe +<br/>with !! nẽ +<br/>to
	\|-		\|-
	! 1SG		! 1SG
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	! 3SG		! 3SG
	\| ta \|\| tu \|\| sałta \|\| łayta \|\| nina		\| ta \|\| tu \|\| sałta \|\| łayta \|\| nina
	\|-		\|-ø
	! 1PL		! 1PL
	\| lẽ \|\| úlẽ \|\| sáliru \|\| layiru \|\| niniru		\| lẽ \|\| úlẽ \|\| sáliru \|\| layiru \|\| niniru
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	\|}		\|}

	In modern Yuyši, '''saw''' (< Ivugi ''zag'') is used as a formal V pronoun. It does not contract with any preposition, so it has the forms ''saw - saw - ~~saa~~ saw - łe saw - nẽ saw''.		In modern Yuyši, '''saw''' (< Ivugi ''zag'') is used as a formal V pronoun. It does not contract with any preposition, so it has the forms ''saw - saw - so saw - łe saw - nẽ saw''.

	===Numerals===		===Numerals===