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	<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Verse%3AIrta_%28Old%29%2FJudeo-Mandarin%2FLiterature</id>
	<title>Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Verse%3AIrta_%28Old%29%2FJudeo-Mandarin%2FLiterature"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-06-12T18:40:55Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=499169&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL: IlL moved page Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature to Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature without leaving a redirect</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=499169&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-27T19:27:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;IlL moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&quot; title=&quot;Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&quot;&gt;Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&lt;/a&gt; without leaving a redirect&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:27, 27 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=294281&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL: IlL moved page Ăn Yidiș/Literature to Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature without leaving a redirect</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=294281&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-01-05T07:09:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;IlL moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=%C4%82n_Yidi%C8%99/Literature&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Ăn Yidiș/Literature (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Ăn Yidiș/Literature&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&lt;/a&gt; without leaving a redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:09, 5 January 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=291316&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL: Blanked the page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=291316&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-11-06T01:39:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Blanked the page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:39, 6 November 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem, written in Hebrew characters, obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&#039;t read Hebrew. &#039;&#039;giăm(iz)&#039;&#039; &#039;I/we beseech you&#039; is an example of an archaism that&#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &#039;&#039;Țeno Üreno&#039;&#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;** Tchinăs (individual non-liturgical prayers often meant to be said by women)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* The Judeo-Gaelic Enlightenment (Ăn Yidiș אן לעאראקוס (קֿעל&#039;אך) &#039;&#039;ăn Learăgis (Ghełăch)&#039;&#039;, Heb. ההשכּלה הקאלית &#039;&#039;ha-Haskålå haq-Qålith&#039;&#039;) was focused on discovering and consciously borrowing from an older Gentile Goidelic literary tradition and seeking out older Goidelic and other Celtic sources for new Ăn Yidiș words, mainly &quot;cognatizations&quot; or hypothetical Ăn Yidiș descendants and cognates of words in Old Irish and other Celtic languages. This helped Jews become literate in the Celtic literature that was part of the Gentile literary canon. The publication of an Old Irish grammar in Hebrew, as well as Torah and siddur translations into Classical Irish, created a boom of Gaelic-inspired literary activity in this period. Learăgis writers even rederived hypothetical synthetic verb forms and noun cases which were long since lost in Judeo-Gaelic, to streamline their Ăn Yidiș poetry and to consciously imitate older Gaelic, though these forms never caught on in common speech; this register is called &#039;&#039;[[Ăn Yidiș/Filichdiș|ăn Fhilichdiș]]&#039;&#039;, after the Classical Irish word for poetry (lost in Ăn Yidiș), &#039;&#039;filidheacht&#039;&#039;. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;** Among the best-known Ăn Yidiș works from this phase is ___ by Mănachăm mac Ățieni, a very long satirical &#039;&#039;filichd&#039;&#039; (a genre of poetry modeled after Irish bardic poems) about society (both religious-Jewish and Gentile) at the time.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Post-Learăgis writers, as well as traditionally religious Gaelic Jews, criticized the new Gaelic loans and other Filichdiș features as not being authentically Ăn Yidiș.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;** Best known is &#039;&#039;Nă hOacosăn ag ___&#039;&#039;, a cycle of quasi-Lovecraftian sci-fi works (which nevertheless allude to many Jewish legends and texts); it uses flowery exaggerated Learăgüsiș for effect and uses Old Irish- and otherwise Celtic-inspired gibberish for names of eldritch gods. (The subtext is that Jews shouldn&#039;t stray from Orthodox Jewish religion and that pure human rationality is deeply flawed as a life path.)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;** Something secular and more directly anti-nationalist or anti-religious&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Modern Ăn Yidiș literature is produced by both secular and Haredi Jewish communities.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259291&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:56, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259291&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:56:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:56, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &amp;#039;&amp;#039;file&amp;#039;&amp;#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem, written in Hebrew characters, obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&amp;#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&amp;#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &amp;#039;&amp;#039;file&amp;#039;&amp;#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem, written in Hebrew characters, obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&amp;#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&amp;#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&#039;t read Hebrew. &#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;giyăm&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039; &#039;I beseech you&#039; is an example of an archaism that&#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&#039;t read Hebrew. &#039;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;giăm(iz)&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039; &#039;I&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/we &lt;/ins&gt;beseech you&#039; is an example of an archaism that&#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** Tchinăs (individual non-liturgical prayers often meant to be said by women)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** Tchinăs (individual non-liturgical prayers often meant to be said by women)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259290&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:54, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259290&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:54:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:54, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, written in Hebrew characters, &lt;/ins&gt;obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giyăm&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giyăm&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259289&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:42, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259289&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:42:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:42, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &amp;#039;&amp;#039;file&amp;#039;&amp;#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&amp;#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&amp;#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &amp;#039;&amp;#039;file&amp;#039;&amp;#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. (He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&amp;#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&amp;#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&#039;t read Hebrew. &#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;giem&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039; &#039;I beseech you&#039; is an example of an archaism that&#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&#039;t read Hebrew. &#039;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;giyăm&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039; &#039;I beseech you&#039; is an example of an archaism that&#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** Tchinăs (individual non-liturgical prayers often meant to be said by women)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** Tchinăs (individual non-liturgical prayers often meant to be said by women)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259288&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:42, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259288&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:42:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:42, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(He was not a descendant of an Ó Flaithbheartaigh clan chief, but is descended from someone who took the clan surname as an expression of solidarity.) &lt;/ins&gt;The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259287&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:38, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259287&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:38:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:38, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--&lt;/ins&gt;* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259286&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:34, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259286&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:34:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:34, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh. The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. This poem is valuable for reconstructing a Proto-Ăn Yidiș dialect, but questions remain as to whether it&#039;s the only dialect Jews spoke&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259285&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>IlL at 16:32, 5 February 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta_(Old)/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature&amp;diff=259285&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-02-05T16:32:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:32, 5 February 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* The first surviving written example of Ăn Yidiș is a 12th-century poem fragment by the crypto-Jewish &#039;&#039;file&#039;&#039; __ Ó Flaithbheartaigh&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. The poem obeys Irish metrical constraints but is in Ó Flaithbheartaigh&#039;s vernacular Jewish Irish dialect&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Older history is analogous to that of our Yiddish. Much of the literature during this period is produced by or for women, who couldn&amp;#039;t read Hebrew. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;giem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;I beseech you&amp;#039; is an example of an archaism that&amp;#039;s attested from this period.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;** צאנה וּראינה &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Țeno Üreno&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biblical commentary for women written in Ăn Yidiș)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>IlL</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>