User:Ceige/Western Romance - Revision history

Ceige: /* Copula */

2015-02-25T13:43:48Z

Copula

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 25 February 2015
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	===Copula===		===Copula===
			'''Indicative'''
			*Present
			: soc > sòi; estòi
			*Perfect/Pret
			: fui; estai?~estive
			*Imperfect
			: ero; estava
			*Pluperfect
			: fuera; estiv(i)era?
			*Future
			: (es)seraio~(es)serai; estaraio~estarai

			'''Subjunctive'''
			*Present
			: se(j)a, sea, se, sei
			*Perfect
			: fuere, fuera?
			*Imperfect
			: esser-?
			*Pluperfect
			: fuisse, fuesse?

Ceige at 13:32, 25 February 2015

2015-02-25T13:32:05Z

Show changes

Ceige at 15:37, 24 February 2015

2015-02-24T15:37:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 24 February 2015
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	:* NOM SING ''cassa'' PLU ''cassè''		:* NOM SING ''cassa'' PLU ''cassè''
	:* OBL PLU ''cassa'' PLU ''cassas''		:* OBL PLU ''cassa'' PLU ''cassas''

			* '''-IS as in ''PISCIS'' '''
			:* NOM SING ''peisses'' PLU ''peisses''
			:* OBL SING ''peisse'' PLU ''peisses''
			(''piscis > pexe-? poisson, pêche, peje, peixe, pez'')

	* ''' ''RES'' '''		* ''' ''RES'' '''

Ceige at 15:17, 24 February 2015

2015-02-24T15:17:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:17, 24 February 2015
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	* nj, jn, jl, gl (from gn, ngj, gl, kl) > nj, lj		* nj, jn, jl, gl (from gn, ngj, gl, kl) > nj, lj
	* unstressed interior vowels lost except pretonic /a/; happened at same time as first lenition, thus manica > manche but granica > grange		* unstressed interior vowels lost except pretonic /a/; happened at same time as first lenition, thus manica > manche but granica > grange

			===Diphthong and vowel-height issue===
			*ɛ and ɔ become ie and ue in French and Spanish open stressed syllables. They also become ie and ue in Spanish closed stressed syllables. They are merged in the case of Portuguese and most of Catalan.
			* In Portuguese, probably Catalan and French, and Italian, there is a tendency to distinguish by vowel height later on in the various languages depending on syllable type (e.g. closed/open).
			* Perhaps write stressed open ɔ as uè (as an example).

			http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Spanish_language#Diphthongization_in_open_and_closed_syllables

			==Grammar==
			===Noun Declension===
			Accent marks are temporary and for etymological reasons.
			* '''-US as in ''FOCUS'' '''
			:* NOM SING ''fuègus'' (or fuègos), PLU ''fuègi''
			:* OBL SING ''fuègo'' PLU ''fuègos''

			* '''-UM as in ''GYPSUM'' '''
			:* NOM SING ''gesso~gisso'', PLU ''gessa~gissa''
			:* OBL SING ''gesso~gisso'', PLU ''gessa~gissa'' or ''gessos~gissos''
			(''The problem here is that gypsum would become either [jepso] or [jeiso]; either way, the palatalisation of [e] could shift it to [i]. The palatalised [p] variant could be a loanword too, as it normally refers to blackboard chalk, not the plaster material, and almost always appears as "giz" or an equivalent.'')

			* '''-A as in ''CAPSA'' '''
			:* NOM SING ''cassa'' PLU ''cassè''
			:* OBL PLU ''cassa'' PLU ''cassas''

			* ''' ''RES'' '''
			:* NOM SING ''rés'' PLU ''rés''
			:* OBL SING ''rièm'' PLU ''rés''

			* '''-O as in ''HOMO'' '''
			:* NOM SING ''huemo'' PLU ''homnes''
			:* OBL SING ''homne'' PLU ''homnes''

Ceige at 11:54, 24 February 2015

2015-02-24T11:54:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:54, 24 February 2015
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	* (Opt: open+stressed ɛ, ɔ > ie, uo (> ue in Fr/Sp))		* (Opt: open+stressed ɛ, ɔ > ie, uo (> ue in Fr/Sp))
	:* ''nox > nocte > nojte > nuojte > nuite in French''		:* ''nox > nocte > nojte > nuojte > nuite in French''
	* First lenition: (intervocalic, and vCr) voiced plosives + unvoiced fricatives > v ð j		* First lenition: (intervocalic, and vCr) voiced plosives + unvoiced fricatives > v ð j, single unvoiced plosives > voiced
	:* tsj > dzj (not ttsj)		:* tsj > dzj (not ttsj)
	:* pl > bl		:* pl > bl

Ceige: Created page with "==Phonology== ===Vowels=== Stolen from Wikipedia: {| class="wikitable" style=" margin: 10px; text-align: center;" |+'''Table of Old French outcomes of Lat..."

2015-02-24T11:31:12Z

Created page with "==Phonology== ===Vowels=== Stolen from Wikipedia: {| class="wikitable" style=" margin: 10px; text-align: center;" |+'''Table of Old French outcomes of Lat..."

New page

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
Stolen from Wikipedia:

{| class="wikitable" style=" margin: 10px; text-align: center;"
|+'''Table of Old French outcomes of Latin vowels'''
! rowspan="2"| Letter
! rowspan="2"| Classical Latin
! rowspan="2"| Vulgar Latin
! rowspan="2"| Proto Western Romance
! colspan="2" | Early Old French (through early 12th c.)
! colspan="2" | Later Old French (from late 12th c.)
|-
! closed
! open
! closed
! open
|-
||Short A|| {{IPA|/a/}} || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/a/}}''' || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|a}} {{IPA|/a/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|e, ie}} {{IPA|/æ, iə/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|a}} {{IPA|/a/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|e, ie}} {{IPA|/ɛ, jɛ/}}
|-
||Long A|| {{IPA|/aː/}}
|-
||AE|| {{IPA|/ai/}} || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/ɛ/}}''' || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|e}} {{IPA|/ɛ/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|ie}} {{IPA|/iə/}} || rowspan="6"| {{angbr|e}} {{IPA|/ɛ/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|ie}} {{IPA|/jɛ/}}
|-
||Short E|| {{IPA|/e/}}
|-
||OE|| {{IPA|/oi/}} || rowspan="2"| {{IPA|/e/}} || rowspan="4"| '''{{IPA|/e/}}''' || rowspan="4"| {{angbr|e}} {{IPA|/e/}} || rowspan="4"| {{angbr|ei}} {{IPA|/ei/}} || rowspan="4"| {{angbr|oi}} {{IPA|/oi/ > /wɛ/}}
|-
||Long E|| {{IPA|/eː/}}
|-
||Short I|| {{IPA|/i/}} || rowspan="2"| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|-
||Short Y|| {{IPA|/y/}}
|-
||Long I|| {{IPA|/iː/}} || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/i/}}''' || colspan="4" rowspan="2"| {{angbr|i}} {{IPA|/i/}}
|-
||Long Y|| {{IPA|/yː/}}
|-
||Short O|| {{IPA|/o/}} || colspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/ɔ/}}''' || {{angbr|o}} {{IPA|/ɔ/}} || {{angbr|uo}} {{IPA|/uə/}} || {{angbr|o}} {{IPA|/ɔ/}} || {{angbr|ue}} {{IPA|/wɛ/ > /ø/}}
|-
||Long O|| {{IPA|/oː/}} || {{IPA|/o/}} || rowspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/o/}}''' || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|o}} {{IPA|/o/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|ou}} {{IPA|/ou/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|o(u)}} {{IPA|/u/}} || rowspan="2"| {{angbr|eu}} {{IPA|/eu/ > /ø/}}
|-
||Short U|| {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|-
||Long U|| {{IPA|/uː/}} || colspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/u/}}''' || colspan="4"| {{angbr|u}} {{IPA|/y/}}
|-
||AU|| {{IPA|/aw/}} || colspan="2"| '''{{IPA|/aw/}}''' || colspan="4"| {{angbr|o}} {{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|-
|}

===Chronology of Consonant related sound changes===
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_French#From_Vulgar_Latin_through_to_Proto-Western-Romance

* sC- initial clusters become isC- (and thus ésC)
* Loss of final -m except in monosyllables
* Loss of H
* ns > s
* rs > ss sometime, rs othertimes
* -er > -re; -or > -ro
* -cəl-, -cər-, -gəl- and -gər- > cl, cr, gl, gr
* kj > kkj
* k + e,i etc > kj
* g + e,i etc > gj
* dj, (prior dj, gj, g+e/i >) gj > j

(Gallo-Ibero-Romance)

* kj, tj > tsj ⟨c, z⟩
:* kkj > ttsj
* kt > jt ⟨-it⟩
* ks > js ⟨-is⟩
* (Opt: open+stressed ɛ, ɔ > ie, uo (> ue in Fr/Sp))
:* ''nox > nocte > nojte > nuojte > nuite in French''
* First lenition: (intervocalic, and vCr) voiced plosives + unvoiced fricatives > v ð j
:* tsj > dzj (not ttsj)
:* pl > bl
:* Final t/d following a vowel lost?
* nj, jn, jl, gl (from gn, ngj, gl, kl) > nj, lj
* unstressed interior vowels lost except pretonic /a/; happened at same time as first lenition, thus manica > manche but granica > grange