Uropi - Revision history

Nicomega at 23:01, 5 February 2021

2021-02-05T23:01:23Z

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	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Indo-European languages]]		[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
			[[Category:A posteriori]]

Nicomega at 23:01, 5 February 2021

2021-02-05T23:01:04Z

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	\|speakers=		\|speakers=
	\|familycolor= conlang		\|familycolor= conlang
	\|~~fam2~~=[[International auxiliary language]]		\|fam1=[[International auxiliary language]]
	\|~~fam3~~=[[A posteriori language]]		\|fam2=[[A posteriori language]]
	\|~~fam4~~=[[naturalistic planned language]](?)		\|fam3=[[naturalistic planned language]](?)
	\|posteriori=based on [[Indo-European languages]]		\|posteriori=based on [[Indo-European languages]]
	\|agency= Joël Landais [http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html Official website]		\|agency= Joël Landais [http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html Official website]

Nicomega at 23:00, 5 February 2021

2021-02-05T23:00:30Z

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	\|setting=[[International auxiliary language]]		\|setting=[[International auxiliary language]]
	\|speakers=		\|speakers=
			\|familycolor= conlang
	\|fam2=[[International auxiliary language]]		\|fam2=[[International auxiliary language]]
	\|fam3=[[A posteriori language]]		\|fam3=[[A posteriori language]]

Nicomega at 23:00, 5 February 2021

2021-02-05T23:00:07Z

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	~~{{short description\|International auxiliary language for Europe.}}~~
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name=Uropi		\|name=Uropi
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	* [https://cals.conlang.org/language/uropi/feature/ Uropi features] in the [[Conlang Atlas of Language Structures]].		* [https://cals.conlang.org/language/uropi/feature/ Uropi features] in the [[Conlang Atlas of Language Structures]].

	~~{{Constructed languages}}~~		[[Category:Auxlangs]]
			[[Category:Languages]]
	~~[[Category:International auxiliary languages]]~~		[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
	[[Category:~~Constructed languages introduced in the 1980s~~]]
	[[Category:~~1986 introductions~~]]
	[[Category:~~Constructed~~ languages]]

Nicomega: /* Orthography and phonology */

2021-02-05T22:59:21Z

Orthography and phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 5 February 2021
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	\|-		\|-
	![[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]] [[phonemes]]		![[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]] [[phonemes]]
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|a}}		\|{{IPA\|a}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|b}}		\|{{IPA\|b}}
	\|style="background-color:#fcc"\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|ʃ}}		\|style="background-color:#fcc"\|{{IPA\|ʃ}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|d}}		\|{{IPA\|d}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|e}}		\|{{IPA\|e}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|f}}		\|{{IPA\|f}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|g}}		\|{{IPA\|g}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|h}}		\|{{IPA\|h}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|i}}		\|{{IPA\|i}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|j}}		\|{{IPA\|j}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|k}}		\|{{IPA\|k}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|l}}		\|{{IPA\|l}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|m}}		\|{{IPA\|m}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|n}}		\|{{IPA\|n}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|o}}		\|{{IPA\|o}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|p}}		\|{{IPA\|p}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|r}}		\|{{IPA\|r}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|s}}		\|{{IPA\|s}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|t}}		\|{{IPA\|t}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|u}}		\|{{IPA\|u}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|v}}		\|{{IPA\|v}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|w}}		\|{{IPA\|w}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|x}}		\|{{IPA\|x}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|y}}		\|{{IPA\|y}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|z}}		\|{{IPA\|z}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|ʒ}}		\|{{IPA\|ʒ}}
	\|}		\|}

Line 68:		Line 68:

	All consonants are pronounced as in English except		All consonants are pronounced as in English except
	* c = {{~~IPAblink~~\|ʃ}}, which is always pronounced as ''sh''		* c = {{IPA\|ʃ}}, which is always pronounced as ''sh''
	* g = {{~~IPAblink~~\|g}}, which is always pronounced as in "give"		* g = {{IPA\|g}}, which is always pronounced as in "give"
	* j = {{~~IPAblink~~\|j}}, which is pronounced as y in "you" or "boy"		* j = {{IPA\|j}}, which is pronounced as y in "you" or "boy"
	* [[ʒ]] = {{~~IPAblink~~\|ʒ}} which is pronounced as ''s'' in "pleasure, measure, leisure"		* [[ʒ]] = {{IPA\|ʒ}} which is pronounced as ''s'' in "pleasure, measure, leisure"
	* r = {{~~IPAblink~~\|r}}, which is rolled as in Italian, Spanish or [[Scottish English\|Scottish]]		* r = {{IPA\|r}}, which is rolled as in Italian, Spanish or [[Scottish English\|Scottish]]
	* s = {{~~IPAblink~~\|s}}, which is always pronounced as ''s'' in "this" or ''ss'' in "boss'", and never as ''z''.		* s = {{IPA\|s}}, which is always pronounced as ''s'' in "this" or ''ss'' in "boss'", and never as ''z''.
	* x = {{~~IPAblink~~\|x}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]		* x = {{IPA\|x}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]
	* y = {{~~IPAblink~~\|y}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]		* y = {{IPA\|y}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]

	The [[vowels]] ''a, e, i, o, u'' are pronounced as in Italian or Spanish: ''casa, solo, vino, luna, pepe''. [[stress (linguistics)\|Stress]] normally falls on the [[Root (linguistics)\|main root]]. For example, in ''apkebo'' = to behead, the stress falls on ''keb'' = head. However some suffixes (such as ''-èl'' indicating an instrument) and the ending ''-ì'' for the past are always stressed; when two or more suffixes are combined, the stress always falls on the penultimate suffix (the last but one). The stress is marked with a written accent (à è ì ò ù) on the stressed vowel when it falls on the last syllable. For example: ''kotèl, perì, fotò, menù'' = "knife, carried, photo, menu".		The [[vowels]] ''a, e, i, o, u'' are pronounced as in Italian or Spanish: ''casa, solo, vino, luna, pepe''. [[stress (linguistics)\|Stress]] normally falls on the [[Root (linguistics)\|main root]]. For example, in ''apkebo'' = to behead, the stress falls on ''keb'' = head. However some suffixes (such as ''-èl'' indicating an instrument) and the ending ''-ì'' for the past are always stressed; when two or more suffixes are combined, the stress always falls on the penultimate suffix (the last but one). The stress is marked with a written accent (à è ì ò ù) on the stressed vowel when it falls on the last syllable. For example: ''kotèl, perì, fotò, menù'' = "knife, carried, photo, menu".

Nicomega: Created page with "{{short description|International auxiliary language for Europe.}} {{Infobox language |name=Uropi |image=Flag of Uropi.svg |imagesize=150px |creator=Joël Landais |setting=I..."

2021-02-05T18:52:48Z

Created page with "{{short description|International auxiliary language for Europe.}} {{Infobox language |name=Uropi |image=Flag of Uropi.svg |imagesize=150px |creator=Joël Landais |setting=I..."

New page

{{short description|International auxiliary language for Europe.}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Uropi
|image=Flag of Uropi.svg
|imagesize=150px
|creator=Joël Landais
|setting=[[International auxiliary language]]
|speakers=
|fam2=[[International auxiliary language]]
|fam3=[[A posteriori language]]
|fam4=[[naturalistic planned language]](?)
|posteriori=based on [[Indo-European languages]]
|agency= Joël Landais [http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html Official website]
|iso3=none
|glotto=none
}}

'''Uropi''' is a [[constructed language]] which was created by Joël Landais, a French English teacher. Uropi is a synthesis of European languages, explicitly based on the common [[Proto-Indo-European roots|Indo-European roots]] and aims at being used as an [[international auxiliary language]] for Europe and thus contributing to building a European identity. Besides, given the spread of [[Indo-European languages]] outside Europe (today half the world population speaks an I-E language), it could be an international language for the world.

Uropi was begun in 1986; since then, it has undergone certain modifications; its vocabulary keeps growing (the French-Uropi dictionary has over 10,000 words).

Uropi became known in Europe in the early 1990s.<ref>Ducos, Étienne, «''Joël Landais invente la 251e langue''», in ''Libération'', October 16, 1986</ref><ref>Bremer, Hans-Hagen, «''Vok vu Uropi: Ein Lehrer träumt nachts auf europäisch''» in ''Frankfurter Rundschau'', November 24, 1986</ref><ref>Долгополов, Николай, «''Уроки Уропи''» in ''Комсомольская Правда'', November 21, 1987</ref><ref>Étienne Ducos, «''Des lettres russes arrivent par centaines chez Joël Landais''», in ''L'Écho républicain'', December 15, 1987</ref><ref>Webster, Paul, «''Uropi, the new lingua franca''», in ''The Guardian Weekly'', week of January 15, 1989</ref><ref>Singer, Enrico, «''Uropi, una nuova lingua per l'Europa''», in ''La Stampa'', February 24, 1989</ref><ref>Tabone, Bénédicte, «''L'Uropi n'est pas une utopie''», in ''La Nouvelle République du Centre Ouest'', July 2, 1989</ref><ref>Author not mentioned, «''Uropi, mehr als eine private Geheimsprache - Ein Chance in Europa''» in ''Tagespost'', October 28–29, 1989</ref><ref>Долгополов, Николай, «''Мы снова говорим на разных языках''» in ''Комсомольская Правда'', April 29, 1990</ref><ref>Hrabovský, Jiří, «''Vok vu Uròpi? Hovoříte po Evropsku?''» in ''Svět v Obrazech'', November 29, 1990</ref><ref>Tribout, Carole, «''Les Suisses se penchent sur l'Uropi''», in ''République du Centre'', October 23, 1991</ref>

==Creator==
[[File:UK2.jpg|thumb|Joël Landais, ''Uropi Kreator'', creator of the auxlang Uropi.]]
After studying languages at the [[University of Orléans]], then at the [[Sorbonne]] and at the ''École Normale Supérieure'' in Paris, Joël Landais obtained the [[Agrégation]] diploma in English. He speaks French, English, Italian, Spanish, German and has a working knowledge of modern Greek and Russian. Today, he teaches English in a [[Chartres]] college. Parallel to his training as a linguist, his travels throughout Europe, Senegal, the Maghreb, Egypt, Mexico, former USSR, Vietnam and the West Indies, together with a passion for languages, led him to create Uropi.

==Orthography and phonology==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; table-layout:fixed"
|+ Uropi alphabet <ref>https://sites.google.com/site/uropivordar/uropi-gramatik/small-uropi-grammar-rn/1---en</ref>
|-
![[Upper case]]
|[[A]]||[[B]]||[[C]]||[[D]]||[[E]]||[[F]]||[[G]]||[[H]]||[[I]]||[[J]]||[[K]]||[[L]]||[[M]]||[[N]]||[[O]]||[[P]]||[[R]]||[[S]]||[[T]]||[[U]]||[[V]]||[[W]]||[[X]]||[[Y]]||[[Z]]||Ʒ
|-
![[Lower case]]
|a||b||c||d||e||f||g||h||i||j||k||l||m||n||o||p||r||s||t||u||v||w||x||y||z||ʒ
|-
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [[phonemes]]
|{{IPAlink|a}}
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|style="background-color:#fcc"|{{IPAlink|ʃ}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|e}}
|{{IPAlink|f}}
|{{IPAlink|g}}
|{{IPAlink|h}}
|{{IPAlink|i}}
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|{{IPAlink|o}}
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|r}}
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|u}}
|{{IPAlink|v}}
|{{IPAlink|w}}
|{{IPAlink|x}}
|{{IPAlink|y}}
|{{IPAlink|z}}
|{{IPAlink|ʒ}}
|}

The Uropi alphabet has 26 letters, the 26 letters of the [[ISO Basic Latin alphabet]] minus q, plus the letter ʒ, which comes from the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]. Each letter corresponds to a sound and each sound to a letter.

All consonants are pronounced as in English except
* c = {{IPAblink|ʃ}}, which is always pronounced as ''sh''
* g = {{IPAblink|g}}, which is always pronounced as in "give"
* j = {{IPAblink|j}}, which is pronounced as y in "you" or "boy"
* [[ʒ]] = {{IPAblink|ʒ}} which is pronounced as ''s'' in "pleasure, measure, leisure"
* r = {{IPAblink|r}}, which is rolled as in Italian, Spanish or [[Scottish English|Scottish]]
* s = {{IPAblink|s}}, which is always pronounced as ''s'' in "this" or ''ss'' in "boss'", and never as ''z''.
* x = {{IPAblink|x}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]
* y = {{IPAblink|y}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]

The [[vowels]] ''a, e, i, o, u'' are pronounced as in Italian or Spanish: ''casa, solo, vino, luna, pepe''. [[stress (linguistics)|Stress]] normally falls on the [[Root (linguistics)|main root]]. For example, in ''apkebo'' = to behead, the stress falls on ''keb'' = head. However some suffixes (such as ''-èl'' indicating an instrument) and the ending ''-ì'' for the past are always stressed; when two or more suffixes are combined, the stress always falls on the penultimate suffix (the last but one). The stress is marked with a written accent (à è ì ò ù) on the stressed vowel when it falls on the last syllable. For example: ''kotèl, perì, fotò, menù'' = "knife, carried, photo, menu".

==Vocabulary==

===Roots===
Uropi [[Root (linguistics)|roots]] can be divided into three categories:

====Indo-European roots====
First and foremost Uropi claims to be a way to recreate a unity between [[Indo-European languages]]. With this aim, a great many Uropi roots correspond to common Indo-European roots which have been simplified, in their pronunciation and length (very often Uropi roots have one or two syllables). Thus, mother is ''mata'' (from Indo-European: ''mātēr*''); sun is ''sol'' (from Indo-European: ''sāwel*''). This simplification corresponds to the natural evolution of Indo-European roots which have given birth to the words which are used today in modern I-E languages. Thus ''mata'' corresponds to Hindi ''mata, sol'' to Spanish, Portuguese, Galician and Scandinavian ''sol''.

===="Hybrid" roots====
When there is no common Indo-European root or when there are several roots to express the same reality in various languages, Uropi may use "hybrid" words, crossing two different roots taken from different languages so as to create the most easily recognizable term for speakers of the greatest number of Indo-European languages. Thus, in ''liamo'', to love, the ''li-'' comes from [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] languages (cf [[German language|German]] ''lieben'' and [[Russian language|Russian]] ''liubit''), and the ''-am'', from [[Romance language|Latin languages]] (''amo, amare, amar''); or in ''mand'', hand, the ma- comes from [[Romance language|Latin languages]] and the -and, from [[Germanic language]]s. This process is not so artificial as it seems at first sight: It has been observed in natural languages, for example, the [[French language|French]] ''haut'' (high) comes from the crossing between old Fr. ''aut'' (from Latin ''altus'') and [[Old Frankish|Frankish]] ''hōh''. It has also been deliberately used in languages like English to form new words: "[[portmanteau]]-words", for instance, the famous London "smog" comes from the crossing of '"smoke" and "fog". Let us also mention the words '''franglais'' (Fr = ''français'' + ''anglais''), ''denglisch'' (Ger. = ''deutsch'' + English), ''spanglish'' (US = Spanish + English). These "hybrid" words only account for 3% of Uropi vocabulary.

====International words====
Uropi also uses many words which are already "international", like ''taksì, skol'' (school), ''bus, art, matc'' (match), ''polìz'' (police), ''simfonij'' (symphony), and ''tabàk'' (tobacco).

===Compounds===
As many other [[conlangs]], Uropi uses many [[Compound (linguistics)|compounds]], either combining two roots, or using [[prefixes]] and [[suffixes]].
Among the former, there are the following examples: ''lucitòr'', "lighthouse", from ''luc'', "light" and ''tor'', "tower"; or, with ''sopo'', "to sleep", ''sopisàk'', "sleeping-bag", or ''sopivagòn'', "sleeper" (train).

There are also numerous examples of compounds built with prefixes or suffixes: for example with ''davo'', "to give", ''disdavo'', "to distribute", can be formed; with ''tel'', "goal, purpose", ''atelo'', "end up in, come to", can be formed; with ''breko'', "to break", and ''us'', "out", ''usbreko'', "to break out", can be formed; with ''apel'', "apple", ''aplar'', "apple tree", and ''aplaria'', "apple orchard", can be formed.

In most cases, those compounds reveal the roots and thus the meaning of the compound. However, some of those compounds, even if they follow the [[etymology]] of equivalent words in living European languages, have a more obscure, rather metaphorical meaning. Thus, ''ruspeko'', literally "to look back", means "to respect"; or ''incepo'', literally "to seize, to grasp inside, means "to understand" (reminiscent of "to grasp (a concept)").

==Grammar ==

===Substantives ===
Like some modern [[Indo-European languages]], Uropi has a very limited [[declension]] with only two [[Grammatical case|cases]]: [[nominative]] and [[genitive]] in the [[Grammatical number|singular]] and the [[plural]].
Uropi [[noun|substantives]] are divided into three groups: those ending in a [[consonant]], those ending in ''-a'' and those ending in another [[vowel]].

Among those ending in a consonant are all [[Masculine (grammar)|masculine]] [[nouns]], ''i.e.,'' nouns denoting men or male animals: ''man'': "man"; ''kat'': "(tom)cat".

Those nouns take an -e in the plural; the genitive singular is marked with an ''-i'', and the genitive plural with ''-is'': ''man, mane, mani, manis'' = "man, men, man's, men's".

All [[Feminine (grammar)|feminine]] nouns, ''i.e.,'' nouns denoting women or female animals end in ''-a'': ''ʒina'': "woman"; ''kata'': "(she)cat". These nouns take an '''-s''' in the plural. The ''-a'' becomes ''-u'' in the genitive singular, ''-us'' in the genitive plural: ''gala, galas, galu, galus'' = "hen, hens, hen's, hens'".

All the other substantives are neuter: they can equally end with a consonant or with an ''-a'': for example, ''tab'': "table", ''ment'': "mind", or ''teatra'': "theatre", ''centra'': "centre". They correspond to the neuter personal pronoun ''je'' = "it".

The nouns ending with another vowel are essentially "international" words like ''taksì, eurò, menù''. They take an ''-s'' in the plural, but no specific mark in the genitive.

===Adjectives===
As in English, qualifying [[adjectives]] are invariable. They are placed before the noun they qualify. Some are "pure" adjectives: ''bun'': "good"; ''glen'': "green", ''kurti'': "short", others are derived from nouns. In this case, their form is identical to that of the genitive singular: ''mani'': "manly, man's"; ''ʒinu'': feminine, "woman's".

A few quantitative [[Quantifier (linguistics)|indefinite adjectives]] which are also [[pronouns]] take an ''-e'' in the plural: ''mol, mole'' = "much, many", ''poj, poje'' = "little, few", ''tal, tale'' = "every, all", ''ek, eke'' = "some, a few".

===Pronouns===
[[Personal pronouns]] have three [[Grammatical case|cases]]: [[nominative]], [[accusative]] (also used with all [[prepositions]]) and [[Dative case|dative]]. [[Possessive determiner|Possessive adjectives]] are used for the [[genitive]]. As in English, there are three pronouns in the third person singular (masculine: ''he''; feminine: ''ce''; [[Grammatical gender|neuter]]: ''je'') as well as a [[reflexive pronoun]]. For example: ''i'' = "I" (nominative), ''ma'' = "me" (accusative), ''mo'' = "to me" (dative), ''tu, ta, to'' = "you", etc.

List of personal pronouns: ''i, tu, he, ce, je, nu, vu, lu'' = "I, you ''(singular)'', he, she, it, we, you ''(plural & polite form)'', they". Reflexive pronoun: ''sia'' = "oneself".

===Verbs===
Uropi [[verbs]] have [[indicative]], [[Imperative mood|imperative]] and [[conditional mood|conditional]] moods, as well as a simple form, a [[progressive aspect|durative]] (continuous) form and a [[perfect (grammar)|perfect]] form.
* Except in the [[Imperative mood|imperative]], the verbal form remains the same whatever the person.
* The [[infinitive]] ending is ''-o'': ''jedo'': "to eat", ''sopo'': "to sleep", ''avo'': "to have".
* The form of the [[present tense|simple present]] is that of the radical: ''i jed'': "I eat", ''tu sop'': "you sleep".
* The [[preterite|simple past]] is formed by adding a stressed ''-ì'': ''i jedì'': "I ate", ''he avì'': "he had".
* To form the [[future tense|future]] you use the particle ''ve'' with the [[infinitive]]: ''i ve jedo'': "I'll eat", ''ve tu sopo?'': "will you sleep?" ''lu v'ne veno'': "they won't come".
* The [[conditional mood|conditional]] is formed by adding ''-ev' to the stem: ''Is i sev fami, i jedev'': "If I was (lit. would be) hungry, I would eat".
* The [[perfect (grammar)|perfect]] uses the auxiliary ''avo'': "to have" and the past [[participle]] ending in ''-en'': ''i av jeden'': I have eaten, ''ce av venen'': "she has come".
* The [[progressive aspect|durative]] (''continuous'') form uses the auxiliary ''so'': "to be" and the present [[participle]], ending in ''-an'': ''i se jedan'': "I'm eating", ''se he sopan?'': "is he sleeping?'"
* The [[Imperative mood|imperative]]: ''jed, jede, jedem'': "eat!" (singular/plural), "let's eat!"
* The [[Passive voice|passive]] uses the [[Auxiliary verb|auxiliary]] ''vido'': "to get, to become" and the past [[participle]]: ''De mus vid jeden pa de kat'': "The mouse is eaten by the cat".

===Numbers===
1: ''un''; 2: ''du''; 3: ''tri''; 4: ''kwer''; 5: ''pin''; 6: ''ses''; 7: ''sep''; 8: ''oc''; 9: ''nev''; 10: ''des''; 100: ''sunte''; 1000: ''tilie''. 357: ''trisunte pindes-sep''.
[[Ordinal number (linguistics)|Ordinal numbers]] are formed by adding ''-i'' or ''-j'' (after a vowel): ''duj'': "second"; ''trij'': "third", ''kweri'': "fourth", ''pini'': "fifth"; the exception is ''pri'': "first".

[[Fraction (mathematics)|Fractions]] are formed by adding ''-t'' to numbers: ''u trit'': "a third", ''u kwert'': "a fourth, a quarter"; the exception is ''mij'': "half".

==Example: "A Child's Thought", by R. L. Stevenson ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:80%;"
|-
! scope=col | '''U Men Kidi'''
! scope=col | '''A Child's Thought'''
|-
|Be sep, wan i it a led,

I find sul’ imaʒe in mi ment,

Ki dragone valgan aròn kastele,

Gardine wo un find maʒiki frute;

Lovi damas in u tor inkarsen,

O perlasen in u fost insaren;

Wo galan kwalore rait su ber rijis

We se de frontias da landi soinis.

I find ja, sa klarim in mi ment

Be sep, wan i it a led.

Be sep, revos ma vekan

De maʒiki land i cek in van;

U sel se stan za wo stì de kastèl,

De gardini bod wen u tapìz cel.

Nun feja se vadan tra de plor,

Bote, ne kwalore, se stan ner de dor,

Id wo de blu rije sì flujan ki rikle

Num u banar id vodikrùg je ste;

I cek de maʒiki land in van

Be sep, revos ma vekan.
|
At seven, when I go to bed,

I find such pictures in my head :

Castles with dragons prowling round,

Gardens where magic fruits are found ;

Fair ladies prisoned in a tower,

Or lost in an enchanted bower ;

While gallant horsemen ride by streams

That border all this land of dreams

I find, so clearly in my head

At seven, when I go to bed.

At seven, when I wake again,

The magic land I seek in vain ;

A chair stands where the castle frowned,

The carpet hides the garden ground,

No fairies trip across the floor,

Boots, and not horsemen, flank the door,

And where the blue streams rippling ran

Is now a bath and water-can ;

I seek the magic land in vain

At seven, when I wake again.

[[Robert Louis Stevenson]]
|}

==See also==
* [[wikt:ru:Приложение:Списки Сводеша для искусственных языков|Swadesh lists for auxlang]] (ru)

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html}}
* [http://uropi.canalblog.com/ Blog by the author of Uropi (in Uropi, French, English and sometimes other languages)]
* [https://cals.conlang.org/language/uropi/feature/ Uropi features] in the [[Conlang Atlas of Language Structures]].

{{Constructed languages}}

[[Category:International auxiliary languages]]
[[Category:Constructed languages introduced in the 1980s]]
[[Category:1986 introductions]]
[[Category:Constructed languages]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 5 February 2021
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	\|-		\|-
	![[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]] [[phonemes]]		![[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]] [[phonemes]]
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|a}}		\|{{IPA\|a}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|b}}		\|{{IPA\|b}}
	\|style="background-color:#fcc"\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|ʃ}}		\|style="background-color:#fcc"\|{{IPA\|ʃ}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|d}}		\|{{IPA\|d}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|e}}		\|{{IPA\|e}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|f}}		\|{{IPA\|f}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|g}}		\|{{IPA\|g}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|h}}		\|{{IPA\|h}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|i}}		\|{{IPA\|i}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|j}}		\|{{IPA\|j}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|k}}		\|{{IPA\|k}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|l}}		\|{{IPA\|l}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|m}}		\|{{IPA\|m}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|n}}		\|{{IPA\|n}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|o}}		\|{{IPA\|o}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|p}}		\|{{IPA\|p}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|r}}		\|{{IPA\|r}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|s}}		\|{{IPA\|s}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|t}}		\|{{IPA\|t}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|u}}		\|{{IPA\|u}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|v}}		\|{{IPA\|v}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|w}}		\|{{IPA\|w}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|x}}		\|{{IPA\|x}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|y}}		\|{{IPA\|y}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|z}}		\|{{IPA\|z}}
	\|{{~~IPAlink~~\|ʒ}}		\|{{IPA\|ʒ}}
	\|}		\|}

Line 68:		Line 68:

	All consonants are pronounced as in English except		All consonants are pronounced as in English except
	* c = {{~~IPAblink~~\|ʃ}}, which is always pronounced as ''sh''		* c = {{IPA\|ʃ}}, which is always pronounced as ''sh''
	* g = {{~~IPAblink~~\|g}}, which is always pronounced as in "give"		* g = {{IPA\|g}}, which is always pronounced as in "give"
	* j = {{~~IPAblink~~\|j}}, which is pronounced as y in "you" or "boy"		* j = {{IPA\|j}}, which is pronounced as y in "you" or "boy"
	* [[ʒ]] = {{~~IPAblink~~\|ʒ}} which is pronounced as ''s'' in "pleasure, measure, leisure"		* [[ʒ]] = {{IPA\|ʒ}} which is pronounced as ''s'' in "pleasure, measure, leisure"
	* r = {{~~IPAblink~~\|r}}, which is rolled as in Italian, Spanish or [[Scottish English\|Scottish]]		* r = {{IPA\|r}}, which is rolled as in Italian, Spanish or [[Scottish English\|Scottish]]
	* s = {{~~IPAblink~~\|s}}, which is always pronounced as ''s'' in "this" or ''ss'' in "boss'", and never as ''z''.		* s = {{IPA\|s}}, which is always pronounced as ''s'' in "this" or ''ss'' in "boss'", and never as ''z''.
	* x = {{~~IPAblink~~\|x}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]		* x = {{IPA\|x}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]
	* y = {{~~IPAblink~~\|y}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]		* y = {{IPA\|y}}, used in foreign names, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/uropi/permalink/1536687813017246/?comment_id=1537560332929994&reply_comment_id=1537581006261260]

	The [[vowels]] ''a, e, i, o, u'' are pronounced as in Italian or Spanish: ''casa, solo, vino, luna, pepe''. [[stress (linguistics)\|Stress]] normally falls on the [[Root (linguistics)\|main root]]. For example, in ''apkebo'' = to behead, the stress falls on ''keb'' = head. However some suffixes (such as ''-èl'' indicating an instrument) and the ending ''-ì'' for the past are always stressed; when two or more suffixes are combined, the stress always falls on the penultimate suffix (the last but one). The stress is marked with a written accent (à è ì ò ù) on the stressed vowel when it falls on the last syllable. For example: ''kotèl, perì, fotò, menù'' = "knife, carried, photo, menu".		The [[vowels]] ''a, e, i, o, u'' are pronounced as in Italian or Spanish: ''casa, solo, vino, luna, pepe''. [[stress (linguistics)\|Stress]] normally falls on the [[Root (linguistics)\|main root]]. For example, in ''apkebo'' = to behead, the stress falls on ''keb'' = head. However some suffixes (such as ''-èl'' indicating an instrument) and the ending ''-ì'' for the past are always stressed; when two or more suffixes are combined, the stress always falls on the penultimate suffix (the last but one). The stress is marked with a written accent (à è ì ò ù) on the stressed vowel when it falls on the last syllable. For example: ''kotèl, perì, fotò, menù'' = "knife, carried, photo, menu".