URED/Phonology - Revision history

Serena at 12:22, 30 June 2014

2014-06-30T12:22:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:22, 30 June 2014
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	}}		}}

	This article is a brief overview of the ''phonology'' of '''uREd'''.		This article is a brief overview of the ''phonology'' of '''[[uREd]]'''.

	==Consonants and vowels==		==Consonants and vowels==

Serena: /* Alphabet */

2014-06-30T12:21:09Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:21, 30 June 2014
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	'''uREd''' is also widely written using the greek alphabet.		'''uREd''' is also widely written using the greek alphabet.
	* α β θ τζ δ ε φ γ ξ χ ι (ι) κ λ μ ν ο π ρ σ ψ τ υ (υ) η ζ		* α β θ τζ δ ε φ γ ξ χ ι (ι) κ λ μ ν ο π ρ σ ψ τ υ (υ) η ζ
	Word stress invariably falls on the second to last vowel. Prepositions, prefixes and suffixes are pronounced along with the word they attach to. Semivowels ~~doesn’t~~ act as vowels in the assignment of stress.		Word stress invariably falls on the second to last vowel. Prepositions, prefixes and suffixes are pronounced along with the word they attach to. Semivowels don’t act as vowels in the assignment of stress.
	* ''Lōgi'' [Say], ''Kelēri'' [Be quick]		* ''Lōgi'' [Say], ''Kelēri'' [Be quick]
	Sometimes a semivowel is used to transliterate proper names whose stress falls on the third to last vowel.		Sometimes a semivowel is used to transliterate proper names whose stress falls on the third to last vowel.
	* ''Īlary'' [Ilary] / ''Ilāi'' [Ely]		* ''Īlary'' [Ilary] / ''Ilāi'' [Ely]
	Letters a b d e f g h i k l m n o p s t u w v z are pronounced exactly like their IPA counterpart. <r> is not trilled, but among some speakers a trilled /r/ might be ~~widely~~ accepted.		Letters a b d e f g h i k l m n o p s t u w v z are pronounced exactly like their IPA counterpart. <r> is not trilled, but among some speakers a trilled /r/ might be accepted.
	* <geno> /geno/		* <geno> /geno/
	Some letters have a specific pronunciation, which is invariant for each occurrence, like <th> /θ/, <ch> /t͡ʃ/, <zh> /d͡ʑ~ʒ/, <y> /j/ e <sh> /ʃ/.		Some letters have a specific pronunciation, which is invariant for each occurrence, like <th> /θ/, <ch> /t͡ʃ/, <zh> /d͡ʑ~ʒ/, <y> /j/ e <sh> /ʃ/.

EmperorZelos: EmperorZelos moved page Phonology of uREd to URED/Phonology

2014-05-13T05:48:58Z

EmperorZelos moved page Phonology of uREd to URED/Phonology

← Older revision	Revision as of 05:48, 13 May 2014
(No difference)

Serena at 16:08, 12 May 2014

2014-05-12T16:08:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:08, 12 May 2014
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	A consonant before a following voiced consonant is always voiced, and before a voiceless is always voiceless.		A consonant before a following voiced consonant is always voiced, and before a voiceless is always voiceless.
	* ''Log''- + -''si'' = ''Loksi''		* ''Log''- + -''si'' = ''Loksi''
	Before a <i> and after a vowel, <t> and <d> become <r>. This phenomenon is known as rhotacism or T-decay.		Before a '''i''' and after a vowel, <t> and <d> become <r>. This phenomenon is known as rhotacism or T-decay.
	* ''Am''- + -''atis'' = ''Amaris''		* ''Am''- + -''atis'' = ''Amaris''
	If <r> occurs twice in adjacent syllables, the first one weakens towards <l>. This phenomenon is known as de-rhotacism or R-Decay.		If <r> occurs twice in adjacent syllables, the first one weakens towards <l>. This phenomenon is known as de-rhotacism or R-Decay.

Serena: Created page with "{{Ambox | name = private | subst = | small = {{{small|no}}} | type = rednotice | image = 65px | sect = {{{1|}}} | issue = is partially quoted from the..."

2014-05-12T16:07:12Z

Created page with "{{Ambox | name = private | subst = | small = {{{small|no}}} | type = rednotice | image = 65px | sect = {{{1|}}} | issue = is partially quoted from the..."

New page

{{Ambox
| name = private
| subst =
| small = {{{small|no}}}
| type = rednotice
| image = [[File:private.png|65px]]
| sect = {{{1|}}}
| issue = is partially quoted from the book '''Descriptive Grammar of uREd''' by ''Serena Innocenti'', hosted [https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/437093 here]. The author allows quoting from her work as long as this notice appears in the pages that use parts of the book.
| talk = {{{talk|}}}
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This article is a brief overview of the ''phonology'' of '''uREd'''.

==Consonants and vowels==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!colspan="2"|
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|m
|n
|
|ŋ1
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Plosive
!plain
|p
|t d
|
|k g
|
|-
!aspirated
|
| θ2
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
|f v
|s z ʃ
|
|
|h
|-
!rowspan="2"|Affricate
!plain
|
|tʃ dʒ
|
|
|
|-
!aspirated
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Liquid
|
|ɾ l
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Approximant
|w
|
|j
|
|
|}
# /ŋ/ only appears as an allophonic version of /n/ before velars.
# <th> should be realized as a voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate, but the allophone /θ/ is widely accepted among most speakers.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
! width="28%"|
! width="24%"|Front
! width="24%"|Central
|-
!Close
|i
|u
|-
!Close-mid
|e
|o
|-
!Open-mid
|ɛ
|ɔ
|-
!Open
|a
|
|}

== Alphabet ==

The inventory of sounds in Esperanto counts 26 distinguishable units, 22 of which are written with a single glyph and 4 with a digraph.
* a b th ch d e f g zh h i y k l m n o p r s sh t u w v z
The original orthography planned a symbol for each sound and introduced special diacritics to distinguish some sounds.
* a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h i j k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z
'''uREd''' is also widely written using the greek alphabet.
* α β θ τζ δ ε φ γ ξ χ ι (ι) κ λ μ ν ο π ρ σ ψ τ υ (υ) η ζ
Word stress invariably falls on the second to last vowel. Prepositions, prefixes and suffixes are pronounced along with the word they attach to. Semivowels doesn’t act as vowels in the assignment of stress.
* ''Lōgi'' [Say], ''Kelēri'' [Be quick]
Sometimes a semivowel is used to transliterate proper names whose stress falls on the third to last vowel.
* ''Īlary'' [Ilary] / ''Ilāi'' [Ely]
Letters a b d e f g h i k l m n o p s t u w v z are pronounced exactly like their IPA counterpart. <r> is not trilled, but among some speakers a trilled /r/ might be widely accepted.
* <geno> /geno/
Some letters have a specific pronunciation, which is invariant for each occurrence, like <th> /θ/, <ch> /t͡ʃ/, <zh> /d͡ʑ~ʒ/, <y> /j/ e <sh> /ʃ/.

==Phenomena==
===Mutation of consonants===

A consonant before a following voiced consonant is always voiced, and before a voiceless is always voiceless.
* ''Log''- + -''si'' = ''Loksi''
Before a and after a vowel, <t> and <d> become <r>. This phenomenon is known as rhotacism or T-decay.
* ''Am''- + -''atis'' = ''Amaris''
If <r> occurs twice in adjacent syllables, the first one weakens towards <l>. This phenomenon is known as de-rhotacism or R-Decay.
* ''Mir''- + -''ati'' -> ''Mirari'' -> ''Milari''
Clusters <ts> and <dz> after a vowel become <th> and <zh>. After a consonant no change is applied.
* ''Ed''- + -''si'' -> ''Etsi'' -> ''Ethi''
The consonant <v> after another consonant becomes <w>. This phenomenon applies to classical roots too.
* ''Akvo'' -> ''Agwo'' [Water]

===Mutation of vowels===
Two identical and adjacent vowels orthographically shorten into one, but the stress is unchanged and this can lead to word whose stress fall on the last written vowel.
* ''Mi eina''~ +''as'' -> ''M’einaas'' [I am]-> ''M’einas'' {M’einàs}
Personal pronouns, articles, adjectives, (occasionally) nouns and the correlative “ko” can lose their ending before another vowel or <h>, for the sake of euphony. This change is signaled with an apostrophe.
* ''M’amas'' (Mi amas), ''L’amo'' (La amo), ''Bon’homo'' (Bona homo)
Usually when <wi> occurs, it is pronounced as /y/. There are a few roots which are affected by these change.
* ''Swibo'' [Sibling] /sybɔ/