Thangha' - Revision history

Учхљёная: Redirected page to Nwuemer

2019-12-04T14:04:32Z

Redirected page to Nwuemer

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:04, 4 December 2019
Line 1:	Line 1:
		#REDIRECT [[Nwuemer]]

Linguist Wannabe: Changed name to 'Nwuemer

2016-09-29T06:45:30Z

Changed name to 'Nwuemer

Show changes

Linguist Wannabe: /* Comparative Constructions */

2016-09-28T09:55:19Z

Comparative Constructions

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 28 September 2016
Line 1,016:		Line 1,016:
	The prepositional clitic /ʔapəⁿ/ literally means "above", but is also used to mean "more than" e.g.		The prepositional clitic /ʔapəⁿ/ literally means "above", but is also used to mean "more than" e.g.

	/ˈtaⁿtə wa-ˈdʷogə ʔʎəˈʑəʀə ʔapəⁿ=ˈʔɲəʔja ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (HL) (HL) (L) (H) (HL)		/ˈtaⁿtə ʔwa-ˈdʷogə ʔʎəˈʑəʀə ʔapəⁿ=ˈʔɲəʔja ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (HL) (HL) (L) (H) (HL)

	[~~ˈdantəʔ wɔ́ˈdʷúgə̀~~ ʎ̰ɪ̄ˈʑɘ̏ʀʌ̄ ʔápɪ́ɲ=ɲ̰ɪ̋j̰æ̀ ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ]		[ˈtantəʔ w̰ɔ́ˈdʷúgə̀ ʎ̰ɪ̄ˈʑɘ̏ʀʌ̄ ʔápɪ́ɲ=ɲ̰ɪ̋j̰æ̀ ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ]

	tooth.TOP GEN-dog ATEL-sharp above 3PS.GEN bone		tooth.TOP GEN-dog ATEL-sharp above 3PS.GEN bone

	The dog's teeth are sharper than its bones.		The dog's teeth are sharper than its bones.

Linguist Wannabe: Clarified rules about preservation of coda r

2016-09-28T09:52:35Z

Clarified rules about preservation of coda r

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 28 September 2016
Line 67:		Line 67:
	Words with Low Tone have mid pitch on all syllables other than the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with an extra low pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈməwaⁿ/ (L) - "mountain" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰āˈmʊ̏wāⁿ].		Words with Low Tone have mid pitch on all syllables other than the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with an extra low pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈməwaⁿ/ (L) - "mountain" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰āˈmʊ̏wāⁿ].

	Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [~~wáˈbêːdˤʌ̀~~].		Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰áˈbêːdˤʌ̀].


Line 78:		Line 78:
	* A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur.		* A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur.

	* Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in ~~some words~~) and long vowels each contribute an additional mora to a syllable. So for example, in the word "bullet", the first syllable has one mora, and the second has two morae.		* Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in stresssed syllables) and long vowels each contribute an additional mora to a syllable. So for example, in the word "bullet", the first syllable has one mora, and the second has two morae.

	* The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "bullet" effectively has one mora on each syllable now.		* The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "bullet" effectively has one mora on each syllable now.
Line 163:		Line 163:
	Thangha' has three cases, Absolutive (unmarked), Genitive (marked with the prefix /ʔwa-/), and Ergative (marked with the prefix /pə-/).		Thangha' has three cases, Absolutive (unmarked), Genitive (marked with the prefix /ʔwa-/), and Ergative (marked with the prefix /pə-/).

	e.g. /~~ˈfaɖʐə~~/ (H) [~~ˈfɑ̋ɖʐʌ́~~] - father -> /~~ʔwaˈfazə~~/ (H) [~~w̰áˈfɑ̋ɖʐʌ́~~] - "of the father" -> /~~pəˈfazə~~/ (H) [~~pə̄ˈfɑ̋ɖʐʌ́~~] - "father" (ergative)		e.g. /ˈfaɖʐa/ (H) [ˈfɑ̋ɖʐɑ́] - father -> /ʔwaˈfaza/ (H) [w̰áˈfɑ̋ɖʐɑ́] - "of the father" -> /pəˈfaza/ (H) [pə̄ˈfɑ̋ɖʐɑ́] - "father" (ergative)

	However, if the noun root begins with a voiceless obstruent, it becomes voiced e.g. /ˈtʷoʀa/ (L) [ˈtʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" -> /ʔwaˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [w̰āˈdʷòʀɑ̀] - "of the shaman" (not */waˈyʷoʀa/ (L)) -> /pə-ˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [pə̄ˈdʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" (ergative).		However, if the noun root begins with a voiceless obstruent, it becomes voiced e.g. /ˈtʷoʀa/ (L) [ˈtʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" -> /ʔwaˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [w̰āˈdʷòʀɑ̀] - "of the shaman" (not */waˈyʷoʀa/ (L)) -> /pə-ˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [pə̄ˈdʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" (ergative).

Linguist Wannabe: /* Phonotactics */

2016-09-28T09:30:24Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 28 September 2016
Line 108:		Line 108:

	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===

			Voiced obstruents cannot occur word initially.

	Only CCV syllables are permitted. Furthermore, the range of permissible clusters is extremely restricted, being limited to /ʔ/ + Sonorant (other than flaps), /pf/, /bf/ (heard as [bv], /pɕ/, /bʑ/, /tf/, /df/ (heard as [dv]), /kf/ and /kɕ/.		Only CCV syllables are permitted. Furthermore, the range of permissible clusters is extremely restricted, being limited to /ʔ/ + Sonorant (other than flaps), /pf/, /bf/ (heard as [bv], /pɕ/, /bʑ/, /tf/, /df/ (heard as [dv]), /kf/ and /kɕ/.


	===Vowel Allophony===		===Vowel Allophony===

Linguist Wannabe at 08:08, 9 September 2016

2016-09-09T08:08:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 9 September 2016
Line 78:		Line 78:
	* A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur.		* A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur.

	* Diphthongs ~~contract to short vowels~~ in ~~(originally~~) ~~unstressed syllables. In syllables that were originally stressed, they are split into two syllables with~~ a ~~glottal stop intervening~~. So "~~mountain~~" ~~is pronounced as *[ˈmaʔunten]~~.		* Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in some words) and long vowels each contribute an additional mora to a syllable. So for example, in the word "bullet", the first syllable has one mora, and the second has two morae.

	* ~~Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in some words) and long vowels each contribute an additional~~ mora to a ~~syllable~~. So ~~for example, in the word~~ "~~mountain~~"~~, the first syllable~~ has one mora~~, and the other two have two morae~~.		* The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "bullet" effectively has one mora on each syllable now.

	* The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "mountain" effectively has two morae on the middle syllable, and one mora on each of the final syllables.		* The syllable with the most morae gets assigned stress. So "bullet" is now /buˈlet/. There are some cases where the stress stays the same e.g. "doctor" is /dokta/.

	* The syllable with the most morae gets assigned stress. So ~~"mountain" is now [maˈʔunten]. Likewise~~ "bullet" is now /buˈlet/. There are some cases where the stress stays the same e.g. "doctor" is */dokta/.


Line 103:		Line 101:
	* Unstressed syllables after the stress syllable take the same pitch as the final syllable of a word.		* Unstressed syllables after the stress syllable take the same pitch as the final syllable of a word.

	So "doctor" is now /ˈdókə̀tà/ HLL~~, "mountain" is now /máˈʔúntèn/ HHL~~, "bullet" is now /búˈlétə̀/ HHL, "llama" is */ˈjə́má/ HH (it begins with an initial /j/ because the word is borrowed from Spanish).		So "doctor" is now /ˈdókə̀tà/ HLL, "bullet" is now /búˈlétə̀/ HHL, "llama" is /ˈjə́má/ HH (it begins with an initial /j/ because the word is borrowed from Spanish).

	4) If a word has stress on any syllable before the penultimate, the word was truncated so that stress falls on the penultimate syllable. However, this truncation does not delete tone, which is mapped to syllables from right to left. So "doctor" is */ˈdòkà/ HLL, where the initial H tone is a floating tone that only surfaces when the noun takes a prefix.		4) If a word has stress on any syllable before the penultimate, the word was truncated so that stress falls on the penultimate syllable. However, this truncation does not delete tone, which is mapped to syllables from right to left. So "doctor" is */ˈdòkà/ HLL, where the initial H tone is a floating tone that only surfaces when the noun takes a prefix.

Linguist Wannabe: /* Stress and Tone */

2016-09-09T08:03:03Z

Stress and Tone

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:03, 9 September 2016
Line 68:		Line 68:

	Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [wáˈbêːdˤʌ̀].		Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [wáˈbêːdˤʌ̀].


			====Evolution====

			This system evolved via the following stages:

			1) English stress became entirely regular, being assigned to the heaviest of the final three syllables of a word via the following rules:

			* A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur.

			* Diphthongs contract to short vowels in (originally) unstressed syllables. In syllables that were originally stressed, they are split into two syllables with a glottal stop intervening. So "mountain" is pronounced as *[ˈmaʔunten].

			* Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in some words) and long vowels each contribute an additional mora to a syllable. So for example, in the word "mountain", the first syllable has one mora, and the other two have two morae.

			* The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "mountain" effectively has two morae on the middle syllable, and one mora on each of the final syllables.

			* The syllable with the most morae gets assigned stress. So "mountain" is now [maˈʔunten]. Likewise "bullet" is now /buˈlet/. There are some cases where the stress stays the same e.g. "doctor" is */dokta/.


			2) Phonotactics become much stricter. The only syllables permitted are CV and CVN (where N is a nasal). Wherever a violation of this rule would occur. So "bullet" is now [buˈletə], and "doctor" is now [ˈdokəta].

			3) Pitch becomes assigned to syllables via the following rules:

			* Word final syllables that end in a nasal are assigned low pitch.

			* Word final syllables that ended in schwa, /a/, /i/ or */u/ are assigned low pitch (these vowels all merge to schwa, though often modifying the previous consonant).

			* Other word final syllables are assigned high pitch.

			* Stressed syllables are always assigned high pitch when not word final.

			* Unstressed syllables before the stressed syllable receive high pitch.

			* Unstressed syllables after the stress syllable take the same pitch as the final syllable of a word.

			So "doctor" is now /ˈdókə̀tà/ HLL, "mountain" is now /máˈʔúntèn/ HHL, "bullet" is now /búˈlétə̀/ HHL, "llama" is */ˈjə́má/ HH (it begins with an initial /j/ because the word is borrowed from Spanish).

			4) If a word has stress on any syllable before the penultimate, the word was truncated so that stress falls on the penultimate syllable. However, this truncation does not delete tone, which is mapped to syllables from right to left. So "doctor" is */ˈdòkà/ HLL, where the initial H tone is a floating tone that only surfaces when the noun takes a prefix.

			5) All tones except the final two are lost. So "doctor" now just has a LL melody, without a floating tone. Likewise "bullet" now just has a HL melody, as can be seen from its final form /pəˈʎedˤə/ HL.

	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===

Linguist Wannabe: Glottalised genitive prefix

2016-09-08T10:36:48Z

Glottalised genitive prefix

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:36, 8 September 2016
Line 52:		Line 52:

	Except for flaps, all sonorant consonants have plain and glottalised forms e.g. [m] vs. [m̰], [w] vs. [w̰] etc. However, these can be analysed as sequences of glottal stop + sonorant e.g. /m/ vs. /ʔm/, /w/ vs. /ʔw/ etc.		Except for flaps, all sonorant consonants have plain and glottalised forms e.g. [m] vs. [m̰], [w] vs. [w̰] etc. However, these can be analysed as sequences of glottal stop + sonorant e.g. /m/ vs. /ʔm/, /w/ vs. /ʔw/ etc.

	Except for the semivowels /j/, /ʔj/, /ɥ/, /ʔɥ/, /w/, /ʔw/, plain and glottalised sonorants are in free variation word initially. In emphatic pronunciation they are always pronounced glottalised, and otherwise they are not. This analysis treats them as being glottalised underlyingly.

	Velar nasals /ŋ/ and /ŋʷ/ cannot occur word initially.		Velar nasals /ŋ/ and /ŋʷ/ cannot occur word initially.
Line 65:		Line 63:
	Tone is assigned at the word level, rather than to individual syllables. There are three phonemic tones, High, Low and Falling.		Tone is assigned at the word level, rather than to individual syllables. There are three phonemic tones, High, Low and Falling.

	Words with High Tone have high pitch on all syllables other the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with even higher pitch e.g. /~~waˈjəʔma~~/ (H) - "llama" (genitive) is pronounced [~~wɞ́ˈjɪ̋ʔmá~~], /tɕaˈbˤaⁿ/ (H) - "Japan" is pronounced [tɕɐ́ˈbˤɑ̋ⁿ].		Words with High Tone have high pitch on all syllables other the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with even higher pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈjəʔma/ (H) - "llama" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰ɞ́ˈjɪ̋ʔmá], /tɕaˈbˤaⁿ/ (H) - "Japan" is pronounced [tɕɐ́ˈbˤɑ̋ⁿ].

	Words with Low Tone have mid pitch on all syllables other than the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with an extra low pitch e.g. /~~waˈməwaⁿ~~/ (L) - "mountain" (genitive) is pronounced [~~wāˈmʊ̏wāⁿ~~].		Words with Low Tone have mid pitch on all syllables other than the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with an extra low pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈməwaⁿ/ (L) - "mountain" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰āˈmʊ̏wāⁿ].

	Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /~~waˈbiːdˤə~~/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [wáˈbêːdˤʌ̀].		Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [wáˈbêːdˤʌ̀].

	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===
Line 124:		Line 122:
	===Case===		===Case===

	Thangha' has three cases, Absolutive (unmarked), Genitive (marked with the prefix /wa-), and Ergative (marked with the prefix /pə-/).		Thangha' has three cases, Absolutive (unmarked), Genitive (marked with the prefix /ʔwa-/), and Ergative (marked with the prefix /pə-/).

	e.g. /~~ˈfazə~~/ (L) [~~ˈfȁzə̄~~] - father -> /~~waˈfazə~~/ (L) [~~wāˈfȁzə̄~~] - "of the father" -> /pəˈfazə/ (L) [~~pə̄ˈfȁzə̄~~] - "father" (ergative)		e.g. /ˈfaɖʐə/ (H) [ˈfɑ̋ɖʐʌ́] - father -> /ʔwaˈfazə/ (H) [w̰áˈfɑ̋ɖʐʌ́] - "of the father" -> /pəˈfazə/ (H) [pə̄ˈfɑ̋ɖʐʌ́] - "father" (ergative)

	However, if the noun root begins with a voiceless obstruent, it becomes voiced e.g. /ˈtʷoʀa/ (L) [ˈtʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" -> /~~waˈdʷoʀa~~/ (L) [~~wāˈdʷòʀɑ̀~~] - "of the shaman" (not */waˈyʷoʀa/ (L)) -> /pə-ˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [pə̄ˈdʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" (ergative).		However, if the noun root begins with a voiceless obstruent, it becomes voiced e.g. /ˈtʷoʀa/ (L) [ˈtʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" -> /ʔwaˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [w̰āˈdʷòʀɑ̀] - "of the shaman" (not */waˈyʷoʀa/ (L)) -> /pə-ˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [pə̄ˈdʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" (ergative).

	Also, if the noun root begins with a glottalised sonorant, it loses its glottalisation when it takes a prefix e.g. /~~ˈʔməsa~~/ (H) [~~ˈm̰ə̋sá~~] - "mother" -> /wa-~~ˈməsa~~/ (H) [~~wáˈmə̋sá~~] - "of the mother" -> /pə-~~ˈməsa~~/ (H) [~~pə́ˈmə̋sá~~] - "mother" (ergative).		Also, if the noun root begins with a glottalised sonorant, it loses its glottalisation when it takes a prefix e.g. /ˈʔməʂa/ (H) [ˈm̰ʌ̋ʂɑ́] - "mother" -> /ʔwa-ˈməʂa/ (H) [w̰áˈmʌ̋ʂɑ́] - "of the mother" -> /pə-ˈməʂa/ (H) [pə́ˈmʌ̋ʂɑ́] - "mother" (ergative).


Line 141:		Line 139:
	In this case, the word order is Possessed - Possessor, with the Possessor marked with the genitive case e.g.		In this case, the word order is Possessed - Possessor, with the Possessor marked with the genitive case e.g.

	/ˈpəʔwəⁿ wa-ˈdʷogə/ (HL) (HL)		/ˈpəʔwəⁿ ʔwa-ˈdʷogə/ (HL) (HL)

	[ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ wá-ˈdʷúgə̀]		[ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ w̰á-ˈdʷúgə̀]

	bone GEN-dog		bone GEN-dog
Line 883:		Line 881:


	Thangha' has two ways to ask questions where English would use "whose", depending on whether the possession is alienable or inalienable. In the case of inalienable possession, /cəⁿ/ takes the genitive prefix /wa-/, becoming /wa-ˈɟəⁿ/ (L), and coming after the noun it possesses e.g.		Thangha' has two ways to ask questions where English would use "whose", depending on whether the possession is alienable or inalienable. In the case of inalienable possession, /cəⁿ/ takes the genitive prefix /ʔwa-/, becoming /ʔwa-ˈɟəⁿ/ (L), and coming after the noun it possesses e.g.


	/ˈpəʔwəⁿ wa-ˈɟəⁿ/ (HL) (L)		/ˈpəʔwəⁿ ʔwa-ˈɟəⁿ/ (HL) (L)

	[~~ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿˈwɞ̄ˈɟȅⁿ~~]		[ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿˈw̰ɞ̄ˈɟȅⁿ]

	bone.ABS GEN-what		bone.ABS GEN-what

Linguist Wannabe at 10:14, 8 September 2016

2016-09-08T10:14:43Z

Show changes

Linguist Wannabe: /* Pronouns */

2016-09-07T14:54:49Z

Pronouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 7 September 2016
Line 237:		Line 237:
	\| 3PS \|\| /ˈɕəʔja/ (H) [ˈɕɪ́j̰æ̀] \|\| /qaˈɲəʔja/ (H) [qɐ́ˈɲɪ́j̰æ̀] \|\| /ˈʔɲəʔja/ (H) [ˈɲ̰ɪ́j̰æ̀]		\| 3PS \|\| /ˈɕəʔja/ (H) [ˈɕɪ́j̰æ̀] \|\| /qaˈɲəʔja/ (H) [qɐ́ˈɲɪ́j̰æ̀] \|\| /ˈʔɲəʔja/ (H) [ˈɲ̰ɪ́j̰æ̀]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Reflexive \|\| N/A \|\| /ˈɕeɳə/ (HL) [ˈɕéɳʌ̀] \|\| /~~waⁿ~~/ (L) [wȁⁿ]		\| Reflexive \|\| N/A \|\| /ˈɕeɳə/ (HL) [ˈɕéɳʌ̀] \|\| /ʔwaⁿ/ (L) [wȁⁿ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Reciprocal \|\| N/A \|\| /ˈɕaⁿkfə/ (HL) [ˈɕǽŋkfə̀] \|\| /ˈtəʔʎə/ (HL) [ˈtɪ́ʎ̰ɪ̀]		\| Reciprocal \|\| N/A \|\| /ˈɕaⁿkfə/ (HL) [ˈɕǽŋkfə̀] \|\| /ˈtəʔʎə/ (HL) [ˈtɪ́ʎ̰ɪ̀]
Line 261:		Line 261:


	/pə-ˈdʷogə ʎə-ˈbedˤə ~~wȁⁿ~~ ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (HL) (HL) (L) (HL)		/pə-ˈdʷogə ʎə-ˈbedˤə ʔwȁⁿ ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (HL) (HL) (L) (HL)

	[bʊ́ˈdʷùgə̀ ʎɪ́ˈbɛ́dˤʌ̀ ~~waⁿ~~ ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ]		[bʊ́ˈdʷùgə̀ ʎɪ́ˈbɛ́dˤʌ̀ ʔwaⁿ ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ]

	dog-ERG ATEL-bite REFL.GEN bone		dog-ERG ATEL-bite REFL.GEN bone