Proto-Antarctican - Revision history

Chrysophylax: Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

2017-01-20T02:21:21Z

Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:21, 20 January 2017
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	[[Category:Languages]][[Category:~~Conlangs~~]][[Category:Proto-languages\|A]][[Category:Antarctican]]		[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Proto-languages\|A]][[Category:Antarctican]]

IlL at 03:38, 7 December 2015

2015-12-07T03:38:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 7 December 2015
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	[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Antarctican]]		[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Proto-languages\|A]][[Category:Antarctican]]

Linguist Wannabe: Undo revision 5456 by Linguist Wannabe (talk)

2013-04-05T05:58:39Z

Undo revision 5456 by Linguist Wannabe (talk)

@@ Line 711: / Line 711: @@
 | Burmese || du:gaung: || knee || du&#720;zgã&#720;uz || &#689;t&#616;u&#689;g&#604;&#720;u || knee
 |-
-| Burmese || thi.shi. || to know || s&#690;
+| Burmese || thi.shi. || to know || s&#690;i&#720;&#231;i&#720;c || &#620;i&#720;j&#600;i&#740; || wise

Linguist Wannabe: /* Sample Vocabulary */

2013-03-26T04:23:06Z

Sample Vocabulary

@@ Line 693: / Line 693: @@
 | Spanish || lima || Lima (in Peru) || &#654;ima || lima || Lima (in Peru)
 |-
-| Spanish || palo || stick || pa&#619;o || pa&#641;a || stick
+| Spanish || palo || stick || pa&#619;o || pa&#641;u || stick
 |-
 | Spanish || derecha || right (as in not left) || de&#619;et&#720;&#690;a || t&#603;&#740;&#641;&#603;&#740;t&#620;e || right (as in not left)
@@ Line 711: / Line 711: @@
 | Burmese || du:gaung: || knee || du&#720;zgã&#720;uz || &#689;t&#616;u&#689;g&#604;&#720;u || knee
 |-
-| Burmese || thi.shi. || to know || s&#690;i&#720;&#231;i&#720;c || &#620;i&#720;j&#600;i&#740; || wise
+| Burmese || thi.shi. || to know || s&#690;

Linguist Wannabe: /* Focus */

2013-03-25T15:09:28Z

Focus

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 25 March 2013
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	Apart from this, tense and aspect were not marked on Proto-Antarctican verbs.		Apart from this, tense and aspect were not marked on Proto-Antarctican verbs.

	====~~Focus~~====		====Verbalisation====

	Verbs were initially put into focus by suffixing them with /i/ (from Japanese emphatic particle /yo/). However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g.

	/~~jĩtoɫəː~~/ ~~- to introduce oneself, verb root (from English "intro")~~		To change a noun into a verb, the typical suffix was /z/ e.g.

	~~/jĩtoʎəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb focus~~

	/&#~~660~~;~~umupo~~/ - ~~to sit, verb root~~		/sʲəː/ - show

	/&#~~660~~;~~umup~~&#~~690~~;o/ - to ~~sit, verb focus~~		/sʲəːz/ - to perform

	~~/sʲəː/ - to perform, verb root (from English "show")~~

	/s&#~~690~~;i&#~~660~~;&#~~601~~;ː/ - to ~~perform~~, ~~verb focus~~		If the verb root already ended in a consonant, one of two things happened:
			*If the consonant was a non-geminated voiced obstruent, the suffix was changed to /zu/ e.g. /doʎaːg/ - something being dragged -> /doʎaːgzu/ - to drag
			*Otherwise, the suffix was changed to /iz/ after a palatalised consonant, and /uz/ otherwise e.g. /damas/ - a scam -> /damasuz/ - to scam or /sakːʲ/ - past event -> /sakːʲiz/ - to have already occurred some time ago.


	~~To put the nouns in sentence into focus, the typical suffix was /z/~~ e.g.		Any noun could be verbalised to a verb meaning "to be ..." or "to become ..." by simply applying either this transformation e.g.


	/s&#~~690;ə&#720~~;/ - ~~to perform, verb root~~		/zuɥa/ - boat

	/s&#~~690~~;~~əːz~~/ - to ~~perform, verb root~~		/zuɥaz/ - to be a boat


	~~If the verb root already ended in a consonant, one of two things happened:~~		====Adverbs====
	*If the consonant was a non-geminated voiced obstruent, the suffix was changed to /zu/ e.g. /doʎaːg/ - to drag, verb root -> /doʎaːgzu/ - to drag, noun focus
	*Otherwise, the suffix was changed to /iz/ after a palatalised consonant, and /uz/ otherwise e.g. /damas/ - to swindle, verb root -> /damasuz/ - to swindle, noun focus, or /sakːʲ/ - to have already occurred some time ago, verb root -> /sakːʲiz/ - to have already occurred some time ago, noun-focus.

			Nouns could also be changed into adverbs. This was originally done by suffixing them with /i/. However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g.

	~~Any noun could be verbalised to a verb meaning "to be ..." or "to become ..." by simply applying either the verb~~-~~focus or the noun-focus transformations e.g.~~		/jĩtoɫəː/ - introduction

			/jĩtoʎəː/ - as an introduction

	/zu&#~~613~~;a/ - ~~boat~~		/ʔumupo/ - seat

	/zu&#~~613~~;i&#~~660~~;a/ - ~~to be a boat, verb focus~~		/ʔumupʲo/ - sitting down (used as an adverb)

	/zu&#~~613~~;az/ - ~~to be a boat, noun focus~~		/sʲəː/ - show

			/sʲiʔəː/ - showing off (used as an adverb)

	==Adaptations of Words from Present-Day Languages==		==Adaptations of Words from Present-Day Languages==

Linguist Wannabe at 01:32, 16 March 2013

2013-03-16T01:32:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:32, 16 March 2013
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	\| Spanish \|\| mañana \|\| morning \|\| manʲana \|\| maɲana \|\| morning		\| Spanish \|\| mañana \|\| morning \|\| manʲana \|\| maɲana \|\| morning
	\|-		\|-
	\| Spanish \|\| cabeza \|\| head \|\| kabesːa \|\| kapɛsa \|\| head		\| Spanish \|\| cabeza \|\| head \|\| kabesːa \|\| kapɛˤsa \|\| head
	\|-		\|-
	\| Spanish \|\| pensar \|\| to think \|\| pẽsaː \|\| pɘɴsaː \|\| lost in deep thought		\| Spanish \|\| pensar \|\| to think \|\| pẽsaː \|\| pɘɴsaː \|\| lost in deep thought

Linguist Wannabe: /* Taiwanese */

2013-03-15T04:36:28Z

Taiwanese

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:36, 15 March 2013
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	===Taiwanese===		===Taiwanese===
	~~Most~~ of the refugees who came to Antarctica were from Taiwan rather than the mainland. Therefore, Taiwanese has influenced Proto-Antarctican far more than Mandarin. Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. Syllable final stops were pronounced voiced in words with tone 4, and voiceless in words with tone 8. Vowels in words with tones 1, 2, 5 and 6 were pronounced long, otherwise they were short. Taiwanese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/.		More of the refugees who came to Antarctica were from Taiwan rather than the mainland. Therefore, Taiwanese has influenced Proto-Antarctican far more than Mandarin. Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. Syllable final stops were pronounced voiced in words with tone 4, and voiceless in words with tone 8. Vowels in words with tones 1, 2, 5 and 6 were pronounced long, otherwise they were short. Taiwanese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/.


	==Evolution into Antarctican==		==Evolution into Antarctican==

Linguist Wannabe: /* Laterals */ Changed mechanism of sound change to be more plausible

2013-03-15T04:24:17Z

Laterals: Changed mechanism of sound change to be more plausible

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:24, 15 March 2013
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	The velarised alveolar lateral /ɫ/ lost its laterality and became uvular /ʁ/. The palatal lateral /ʎ/ became alveolar /l/ (which still has /ʎ/ as an allophone before high vowels).		The velarised alveolar lateral /ɫ/ lost its laterality and became uvular /ʁ/. The palatal lateral /ʎ/ became alveolar /l/ (which still has /ʎ/ as an allophone before high vowels).

	Antarctican also acquired lateral obstruents /tɬ/, /dɮ/, /ɬ/ from the palatalised alveolar consonants /tʲ/, /dʲ/ and /sʲ/ respectively. This was via an intermediate sound change to /t&#~~597~~;/, /d&#~~657~~;/ and /&#~~597~~;/ The voiced palatalised fricative /zʲ/ was lost, merging into /dʲ/, which then became /d&#~~657~~;/ and finally /dɮ/.		Antarctican also acquired lateral obstruents /tɬ/, /dɮ/, /ɬ/ from the palatalised alveolar consonants /tʲ/, /dʲ/ and /sʲ/ respectively. This was via an intermediate sound change to clusters of /tʎ/, /dʎ/ and /ʎ/ The voiced palatalised fricative /zʲ/ was lost, merging into /dʲ/, which then became /dʎ/ and finally /dɮ/.


	====Loss of Voicing Contrasts====		====Loss of Voicing Contrasts====

Linguist Wannabe: Added example to nasal vowel section in phonology

2013-03-08T15:19:21Z

Added example to nasal vowel section in phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 8 March 2013
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	====Nasal Vowels====		====Nasal Vowels====
	All monophthongs and diphthongs in Proto-Antarctican had an phonemic contrast between oral vowels and nasal vowels.		All monophthongs and diphthongs in Proto-Antarctican had an phonemic contrast between oral vowels and nasal vowels. These are marked with a tilde e.g. /tẽc/ - weather.

Linguist Wannabe: Fixed problem with rendering nasalisation

2013-03-08T15:16:16Z

Fixed problem with rendering nasalisation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 8 March 2013
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	At this point, the language now used prepositions more than postpositions, which triggered a massive change in the syntax to become head-initial.		At this point, the language now used prepositions more than postpositions, which triggered a massive change in the syntax to become head-initial.

	Eventually, the prepositions fused to the noun as prefixes. The ergative postposition /ga/ fused to the noun as a suffix. If the noun ended in a vowel, an epenthetic /u/ was inserted e.g. /bukː/ - book, absolutive -> /bukkuga/ - book, ergative. If the noun ended in a palatalised consonant, an epenthetic /i/ was inserted instead e.g. /~~te~c~~/ - weather, absolutive -> /~~te~ciga~~/. And if the noun ended in /t/ or /d/, /o/ was inserted instead e.g. /ʔoiʎãd/ - island, absolutive -> /ʔoiʎãdoga/ - island, ergative.		Eventually, the prepositions fused to the noun as prefixes. The ergative postposition /ga/ fused to the noun as a suffix. If the noun ended in a vowel, an epenthetic /u/ was inserted e.g. /bukː/ - book, absolutive -> /bukkuga/ - book, ergative. If the noun ended in a palatalised consonant, an epenthetic /i/ was inserted instead e.g. /tẽc/ - weather, absolutive -> /tẽciga/. And if the noun ended in /t/ or /d/, /o/ was inserted instead e.g. /ʔoiʎãd/ - island, absolutive -> /ʔoiʎãdoga/ - island, ergative.


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	\| 1PS Inclusive \|\| ci \|\| we \|\| wu		\| 1PS Inclusive \|\| ci \|\| we \|\| wu
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2PS \|\| nʲi~ \|\| jo \|\| ju		\| 2PS \|\| nʲĩ \|\| jo \|\| ju
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3PS \|\| zai \|\| ze \|\| zau		\| 3PS \|\| zai \|\| ze \|\| zau
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	Verbs were initially put into focus by suffixing them with /i/ (from Japanese emphatic particle /yo/). However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g.		Verbs were initially put into focus by suffixing them with /i/ (from Japanese emphatic particle /yo/). However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g.

	/~~ji~to~~ɫəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb root (from English "intro")		/jĩtoɫəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb root (from English "intro")

	/~~ji~to~~ʎəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb focus		/jĩtoʎəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb focus

	/ʔumupo/ - to sit, verb root		/ʔumupo/ - to sit, verb root
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	*Spanish ñ became /nʲ/ e.g. Spanish mañana - morning -> P.A. /manʲana/.		*Spanish ñ became /nʲ/ e.g. Spanish mañana - morning -> P.A. /manʲana/.
	*Obstruents immediately after a stressed vowel were geminated where possible e.g. Spanish cabeza - head -> P.A. /kabesːa/.		*Obstruents immediately after a stressed vowel were geminated where possible e.g. Spanish cabeza - head -> P.A. /kabesːa/.
	*If Spanish r is not before a vowel, it is deleted with lengthening of the preceding vowel e.g. Spanish pensar - to think -> P.A. /~~pe~sa~~ː/ - to be lost in deep thought.		*If Spanish r is not before a vowel, it is deleted with lengthening of the preceding vowel e.g. Spanish pensar - to think -> P.A. /pẽsaː/ - to be lost in deep thought.
	*If Spanish r is word initial, or doubled, then it changed to /z/ e.g. Spanish tierra - land -> P.A. /teza/ - landscape.		*If Spanish r is word initial, or doubled, then it changed to /z/ e.g. Spanish tierra - land -> P.A. /teza/ - landscape.
	*Otherwise, Spanish r merged into l.		*Otherwise, Spanish r merged into l.
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	*Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːz/.		*Burmese /ɔ/ centralised to schwa e.g. Burmese thittaw: - forest -> P.A. /sʲitːəːz/.
	*If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/		*If a Burmese minor syllable both begins with an obstruent and is followed by an obstruent, the vowel in the minor syllable is deleted (as long as it would not violate Proto-Antarctican phonotactics), causing a consonant cluster e.g. Burmese thei na pati. - general -> P.A. /seinaptʲiːt/
	*Burmese initial aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hpoun - dust -> P.A. /pxoːu~/, Burmese hsabin - hair (of the human head) -> P.A. /sxabʲi~/. If they are palatalised, they become clusters with /ç/ instead e.g. Burmese hpyaun - straight -> P.A. /pʲçãːu/, Burmese yanhpyit - to fight -> P.A. /jãpʲçitː/ - battle.		*Burmese initial aspirated consonants become clusters of consonant + /x/ if non-palatalised e.g. Burmese hpoun - dust -> P.A. /pxoːũ/, Burmese hsabin - hair (of the human head) -> P.A. /sxabʲĩ/. If they are palatalised, they become clusters with /ç/ instead e.g. Burmese hpyaun - straight -> P.A. /pʲçãːu/, Burmese yanhpyit - to fight -> P.A. /jãpʲçitː/ - battle.
	*Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/.		*Burmese /l/ becomes /ɫ/, unless before /i/ or /j/, when it becomes /ʎ/.
	*The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs).		*The alveo-palatal series of consonants become palatal e.g. Burmese yaukkya - man -> P.A. /jaucaː/ (remember Proto-Antarctican does not like geminated consonants after diphthongs).
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	*Similarly, the glottal stop put tense voice on the vowel and raised the pitch e.g. /webːoʔ/ (the final /s/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) - eggs -> /webːóʔ/.		*Similarly, the glottal stop put tense voice on the vowel and raised the pitch e.g. /webːoʔ/ (the final /s/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) - eggs -> /webːóʔ/.
	*In some cases, this tense voice spread through consonants and affect multiple vowels. Consonants that permitted this spreading were voiced sonorants and voiceless stops (other than the glottal stop) e.g. /ʔameɫaiʔ/ - hunt (the final /k/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /ʔáméɫáiʔ/.		*In some cases, this tense voice spread through consonants and affect multiple vowels. Consonants that permitted this spreading were voiced sonorants and voiceless stops (other than the glottal stop) e.g. /ʔameɫaiʔ/ - hunt (the final /k/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /ʔáméɫáiʔ/.
	*If the tense voice would "spread" through an initial consonant, then that word acquired floating phonation e.g. /~~te~~~ʔ/ - weather (the final /c/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /'té~ʔ/.		*If the tense voice would "spread" through an initial consonant, then that word acquired floating phonation e.g. /tẽʔ/ - weather (the final /c/ had debuccalised to a glottal stop) -> /'té~ʔ/.
	*Word initial clusters beginning with glottal stops also created floating phonation e.g. /'ʔcidáʔ/ - drawers (from /çcidasʲ/).		*Word initial clusters beginning with glottal stops also created floating phonation e.g. /'ʔcidáʔ/ - drawers (from /çcidasʲ/).

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	\| Spanish \|\| cabeza \|\| head \|\| kabesːa \|\| kapɛsa \|\| head		\| Spanish \|\| cabeza \|\| head \|\| kabesːa \|\| kapɛsa \|\| head
	\|-		\|-
	\| Spanish \|\| pensar \|\| to think \|\| ~~pe~sa~~ː \|\| pɘɴsaː \|\| lost in deep thought		\| Spanish \|\| pensar \|\| to think \|\| pẽsaː \|\| pɘɴsaː \|\| lost in deep thought
	\|-		\|-
	\| Spanish \|\| tierra \|\| land \|\| teza \|\| teza \|\| landscape		\| Spanish \|\| tierra \|\| land \|\| teza \|\| teza \|\| landscape
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	\| Burmese \|\| tei na pati. \|\| general \|\| seinaptʲiːt \|\| sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ \|\| general		\| Burmese \|\| tei na pati. \|\| general \|\| seinaptʲiːt \|\| sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ \|\| general
	\|-		\|-
	\| Burmese \|\| hpoun \|\| dust \|\| pxoːu~ \|\| pɛχoːuɴ \|\| dust		\| Burmese \|\| hpoun \|\| dust \|\| pxoːũ \|\| pɛχoːuɴ \|\| dust
	\|-		\|-
	\|\| Burmese \|\| hsabin \|\| hair (on the head) \|\| sxabʲi~ \|\| saxabʲiɴ \|\| hair (on the head)		\|\| Burmese \|\| hsabin \|\| hair (on the head) \|\| sxabʲĩ \|\| saxabʲiɴ \|\| hair (on the head)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Burmese \|\| hypaun \|\| straight \|\| pʲçãːu \|\| pʲɘçaːuɴ \|\| straight		\| Burmese \|\| hypaun \|\| straight \|\| pʲçãːu \|\| pʲɘçaːuɴ \|\| straight