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IlL: Created page with "==Regular paradigm== {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" |- !colspan="7"|''gadhabh, gedhíbh'' - to drown |- ! !colspan="3"|Perfective !colspan="3"|..."

2015-09-05T23:15:53Z

Created page with "==Regular paradigm== {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" |- !colspan="7"|''gadhabh, gedhíbh'' - to drown |- ! !colspan="3"|Perfective !colspan="3"|..."

New page

==Regular paradigm==
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="7"|''gadhabh, gedhíbh'' - to drown
|-
!
!colspan="3"|Perfective
!colspan="3"|Imperfective
|-
!Subject!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural
|-
!0
|colspan="3"|''gadhabhcáˀ''
|colspan="3"|''gidabhcáˀ''
|-
!1
||''gadhabhd''||''gadhabhtú''||''gadhabhtáˀ''
||''gidabhd''||''gidabhtú''||''gidabhtáˀ''
|-
!2
||''gadhbhann''||''gadhabhnú''||''gadhabhnáˀ''
||''gidbhann''||''gidabhnú''||''gidabhnáˀ''
|-
!3
||''gadhabh''||''gadhbhú''||''gadhbháˀ''
||''gidabh''||''gidbhú''||''gidbháˀ''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 200px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4"|''gadhóbh, gadíbháˀ'' - to drink/absorb liquid, prefixed
|-
!colspan="2"|Perfective
!colspan="1"|Imperfective
|-
! Direct !! Inverse !! Direct
|-
| <abbr title="you drink sth">''bighdóbh''</abbr> || <abbr title="sth (probably some small arthropod) drinks you">''fabighdóbh''</abbr> || ''beghadíbh''
|-
| <abbr title="I drink sth">''cighdóbh''</abbr> || ''facighdóbh'' || ''ceghadíbh''
|-
| <abbr title="I drink you (fam), or you (hon) drink me">''highdóbh''</abbr> || ''fa'''h'''ighdóbh'' || ''heghadíbh''
|-
| <abbr title="s/he drinks sth">''lighdóbh''</abbr> || ''fallighdóbh'' || ''leghadíbh''
|-
| <abbr title="you drink it">''nighdóbh''</abbr> || ''fannighdóbh'' || ''neghadíbh''
|-
| <abbr title="I drink it">''tighdóbh''</abbr> || ''fatighdóbh'' || ''teghadíbh''
|-
| <abbr title="s/he drinks it">''yighdóbh''</abbr> || ''fayyighdóbh'' || ''yeghadíbh''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="4"|''gadhóbh, gadíbháˀ'' - to drink/absorb, w/ focus suffixes
|-
||<abbr title="s/he doesn't drink it">''yighdóbhcí''</abbr>||<abbr title="yes, she does drink it">''yighdóbhcú''</abbr>||<abbr title="no, s/he doesn't drink it">''yighdóbhnáˀ''</abbr>
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 250px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="7"|''gadhóbh, gadíbháˀ'' - to drink/absorb, imperative
|-
!
!colspan="3"|Perfective
!colspan="3"|Imperfective
|-
!Object!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural
|-
!0
|colspan="3"|''gadhóbhcán!''
|colspan="3"|''gadabhcán!''
|-
!1
||''gadhóbhtín!''||''gadhóbhtún!''||''gadhóbhtán!''
||''gadabhdin!''||''gadabhtún!''||''gadabhtán!''
|-
!3
||''g'''i'''dhbhín!''||''g'''i'''dhbhún!''||''g'''i'''dhbhán!''
||''gadbhín!''||''gadbhún!''||''gadbhán!''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="7"|''ˀighdébh, ˀaghdóbhath'' - to get oneself drowned; to fill up with liquid
|-
!
!colspan="3"|Perfective
!colspan="3"|Imperfective
|-
!Subject!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural
|-
!0
|colspan="3"|''ˀighdabhcáˀ''
|colspan="3"|''nighdabhcáˀ''
|-
!1
||''ˀighdabhd''||''ˀighdabhtú''||''ˀighdabhtáˀ''
||''nighdabhd''||''nighdabhtú''||''nighdabhtáˀ''
|-
!2
||''ˀighdebhann''||''ˀighdabhnú''||''ˀighdabhnáˀ''
||''nighdebhann''||''nighdabhnú''||''nighdabhnáˀ''
|-
!3
||''ˀighdébh''||''ˀighdebhú''||''ˀighdebháˀ''
||''nighdébh''||''nighdebhú''||''nighdebháˀ''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 200px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="2"|''ˀaghdabh, ˀaghdúbháˀ'' - to drown (transitive)/to cause to drink/to fill w/ liquid, prefixed
|-
!colspan="1"|Perfective
!colspan="1"|Imperfective
|-
|| ''baghdabh'' || ''bingédabh''
|-
|| ''caghdabh'' || ''cingédabh''
|-
|| ''haghdabh'' || ''hingédabh''
|-
|| ''laghdabh'' || ''lingédabh''
|-
|| ''naghdabh'' || ''ningédabh''
|-
|| ''taghdabh'' || ''tingédabh''
|-
|| ''yaghdabh'' || ''yingédabh''
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 250px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="7"|''ˀaghdabh, ˀaghdúbháˀ'', imperative
|-
!
!colspan="3"|Perfective
!colspan="3"|Imperfective
|-
!Object!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural!!Singular!!Paucal!!Plural
|-
!0
|colspan="3"|''ˀaghdabhcán!''
|colspan="3"|'''''ˀi'''ngédabhcán!''
|-
!1
||''ˀaghdabhtín!''||''ˀaghdabhtún!''||''ˀaghdabhtán!''
||'''''ˀi'''ngédabhtín!''||'''''ˀi'''ngédabhtún!''||'''''ˀi'''ngédabhtán!''
|-
!3
||''ˀaghdabhín!''||''ˀaghdabhún!''||''ˀaghdabhán!''
||'''''ˀi'''ngédbhín!''||'''''ˀi'''ngédbhún!''||'''''ˀi'''ngédbhán!''
|}

==Weak roots==
The so-called ''weak roots'' have consonants that create various irregularities in conjugation.
=====First radical=====
======Gutturals (ˀálaph, héˀ, ḥéth, ˁáin)======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''C1aC2aC3'' || ''C1iC2C2aC3'' || ''C1óC2éC3'' || '''''C1aC2íC3N'''''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C1aC2óC3''''' || ''C1aC2C2íC3'' || ''meC1aC2C2íC3'' || ''C1aC2C2íC3áˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀeC1eC2éC3''''' || '''''neC1eC2éC3''''' || '''''miNC1úC2áC3''''' || '''''ˀáC2óC3athN''''' (C1 = ˀ) '''''ˀaC1aC2óC3athN''''' (C1 = h, ḥ, ˁ)'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀaC1aC2aC3''''' || ''n(e)C1éC2aC3'' || '''''maC1aC2áC3''''' || '''''ˀáC2úC3áˀN''''' (C1 = ˀ)''''' ˀaC1aC2úC3áˀN''''' (C1 = h, ḥ, ˁ)'''''
|}

======Nún======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''naC2aC3'' || ''niC2C2aC3'' || ''nóC2éC3'' || ''neC2íC3N''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''NC2óC3, ~NC2óC3''''' || ''naC2C2íC3'' || ''menaC2C2íC3'' || ''naC2C2íC3áˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀiNC2éC3''''' || '''''niNC2éC3''''' || ''minnúC2áC3'' || '''''ˀaNC2óC3athN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀaNC2aC3''''' || ''(n)néC2aC3'' || '''''maNC2áC3''''' || '''''ˀaNC2úC3áˀN'''''
|}

======Yódh======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''yaC2aC3'' || ''yiC2C2aC3'' || ''yóC2éC3'' || ''yeC2íC3N''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C2óC3, ~éC2óC3''''' || ''yaC2C2íC3'' || ''meyaC2C2íC3'' || ''yaC2C2íC3áˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀéiC2éC3''''' || '''''néiC2éC3''''' || ''minyúC2áC3'' || '''''ˀéiC2óC3athN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀéiC2aC3''''' || '''''nyéC2aC3''''' || '''''méiC2áC3''''' || '''''ˀéiC2úC3áˀN'''''
|}

======Fó======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action Noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''faC2aC3'' || ''fiC2C2aC3'' || ''fóC2éC3'' || ''f(e)C2íC3N''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C2óC3, ~óC2áC3''''' || ''faC2C2íC3'' || ''mefhaC2C2íC3'' || ''faC2C2íC3áˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀóC2éC3''''' || '''''nóC2éC3''''' || ''mimhfúC2áC3'' || '''''ˀóC2óC3athN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀóC2aC3''''' || ''mhféC2aC3'' || '''''móC2áC3''''' || '''''ˀóC2úC3áˀN'''''
|}

=====Second radical=====
======Guttural======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''C1aC2aC3'' || '''''C1éC2aC3''''' || ''C1óC2éC3'' || ''C1eC2íC3N''
|-
! Transitive
| ''C1eC2aC3'' || '''''C1áC2íC3''''' || '''''meC1áC2íC3''''' || '''''C1áC2íC3áˀN'''''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀeC1C2éC3''''' || ''niC1C2éC3'' || ''miNC1úC2áC3'' || ''ˀaC1C2óC3athN''
|-
! Causative
| ''ˀaC1C2aC3'' || ''NC1éC2aC3'' || ''maC1C2áC3'' || ''ˀaC1C2úC3áˀN''
|}

======Hollow-Y======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| '''''C1áC3''''' || ''C1iyyaC3'' || '''''C1áC3''''' || '''''C1íC3N'''''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C1éC3''''' || ''C1ayyíC3'' || ''meC1ayyíC3'' || ''C1ayyíC3áˀN'''''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀéC1íC3''''' || '''''náC1éC3''''' || '''''miNC1éC3''''' || '''''táC1óC3athN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀáC1íC3''''' || '''''NC1éC3''''' || '''''máC1íC3''''' || '''''táC1úC3áˀN'''''
|}

======Hollow-F======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| '''''C1áC3''''' || ''C1ifaC3'' || '''''C1áC3''''' || '''''C1íC3N'''''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C1úC3''''' || ''C1afíC3'' || ''meC1afíC3'' || ''C1afíC3áˀN'''''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀéC1úC3''''' || '''''náC1óC3''''' || '''''miNC1óC3''''' || '''''táC1óC3athN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀáC1úC3''''' || '''''NC1óC3''''' || '''''máC1úC3''''' || '''''táC1úC3áˀN'''''
|}

=====Third radical=====
======Guttural======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''C1aC2aC3'' || ''C1iC2C2aC3'' || ''C1óC2é[a]1C3'' || ''C1(e)C2í[a]1C3N''
|-
! Transitive
| ''C1C2aC3'' || ''C1aC2C2í[a]1C3'' || ''meC1aC2C2í[a]1C3'' || ''C1aC2C2í1C3áˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| ''ˀiC1C2é2C3'' || ''niC1C2é[a]1C3'' || ''miNC1úC2áC3'' || ''ˀaC1C2óC3athN''
|-
! Causative
| ''ˀaC1C2aC3'' || ''NC1éC2áC3'' || ''maC1C2áC3'' || ''ˀaC1C2úC3áˀN''
|}

1 inserted if C3[+pharyngeal].
2 becomes ''á'' if C3[+pharyngeal].

======Nún======
This irregularity does not hold for all verbs whose C3 = ''n''; specifically, this class is no longer productive with new verbs.

If a unipersonal suffix beginning with an eclipsable consonant is attached, the final ''nún'' vanishes, eclipsing the consonant:

1sg: ''-g''
1pc, pl: ''-dtú'', ''-dtá''

For all other suffixes, the ''nún'' is written/geminated as normal.

======Yódh======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| '''''C1aC2eh'', ''-í-'' / _C''' || '''''C1iC2C2eh'', ''-í-'' / _C''' || '''''C1óC2eh''''' || '''''C1(e)C2íN'''''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C1C2eh'', ''-éi-'' / _C''' || '''''C1aC2C2eh'', ''-í-'' / _C''' || '''''meC1aC2C2eh''''' || ''C1aC2C2íyáˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀiC1C2eh'', ''-éi-'' / _C''' || '''''niC1C2eh'', ''-éi-'' / _C''' || '''''miNC1úC2eh''''' || '''''ˀaC1C2íthN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀaC1C2eh'', ''-í-'' / _C''' || '''''NC1éC2eh'', ''-í-'' / _C''' || '''''maC1C2eh''''' || ''ˀaC1C2úyáˀN''
|}
The suffix ''-eh'' is deleted before a suffix beginning with a vowel.

Consonants in suffixes lenite after a vowel.

======Fó======
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| '''''C1aC2eh'', ''-ú-'' / _C''' || '''''C1iC2C2eh'', ''-ú-'' / _C''' || '''''C1óC2eh''''' || '''''C1(e)C2íN'''''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C1C2eh'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || '''''C1aC2C2eh'', ''-ú-'' / _C''' || '''''meC1aC2C2eh''''' || ''C1aC2C2ífáˀN''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀiC1C2eh'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || '''''niC1C2eh'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || '''''miNC1úC2eh''''' || '''''ˀaC1C2úthN'''''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀaC1C2eh'', ''-ú-'' / _C''' || '''''NC1éC2eh'', ''-ú-'' / _C''' || '''''maC1C2eh''''' || ''ˀaC1C2úfáˀN''
|}

The vowel suffix ''-eh'' is deleted before a suffix beginning with a vowel.

Consonants in suffixes lenite after a vowel.

=====Geminate roots=====
Geminate roots are those with identical second and third radicals.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| '''''C1aC2C2'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || '''''C1úC2aC2''''' || ''C1óC2éC2'' || '''''C1iC2C2N'''''
|-
! Transitive
| '''''C1óC2C2'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || '''''C1úC2íC2''''' || '''''meC1úC2íC2''''' || '''''C1úC2íC2áˀN'''''
|-
! Reflexive
| '''''ˀéC1iC2C2'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || '''''néC1iC2C2'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || ''miNC1úC2áC2'' || ''ˀaC1C2óC2athN''
|-
! Causative
| '''''ˀáC1aC2C2'', ''-ó-'' / _C''' || ''NC1éC2aC2'' || '''''máC1aC2C2''''' || '''''táC1uC2C2áˀN'''''
|}

==Quadriliterals==
Quadriliteral roots can only conjugate in the Intransitive and Transitive patterns.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Perfective !! Imperfective !! Participle !! Action noun
|-
! Intransitive
| ''C1aC2C3aC4'' || ''C1iC2C3aC4'' || ''C1óC2C3éC4'' || ''C1iC2C3íC4N''
|-
! Transitive
| ''C1iC2C3óC4'' || ''C1aC2C3í1C4'' || ''meC1aC2C3íC4'' || ''C1aC2C3íC4áˀN''
|}

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