Middle Sethite - Revision history

IdaeChop at 10:03, 30 June 2026

2026-06-30T10:03:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 30 June 2026
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	{{interlinear\|abbreviations=BV:benefactive voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=BV:benefactive voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan kit em-pang i tepo-en nak kit an-taspan		\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan kit em-pang i tepo-en nak kit an-taspan
	\|BEN-wife buy-BV PAT-fish and PAT-money store-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread		\|BEN-wife buy-BV PAT-fish and PAT-money LOC store-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Instrumental voice:		The Instrumental voice:

IdaeChop at 10:02, 30 June 2026

2026-06-30T10:02:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 30 June 2026
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	There are five voices Middle Sethite uses. Changing the voice of a sentence does not reduce the valency, only rotating it.		There are five voices Middle Sethite uses. Changing the voice of a sentence does not reduce the valency, only rotating it.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Middle Sethite voices		\|+ Middle Sethite voices
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	\|-		\|-
	! Subject		! Subject
	\|\| Agentive~~<br />''"Nominative"''~~ \|\| Patientive~~<br />''"Ergative"''~~ \|\| Locative \|\| Benefactive \|\| Instrumental		\|\| Agentive \|\| Patientive \|\| Locative \|\| Benefactive \|\| Instrumental
	\|-		\|-
	! Object		! Object
	\| Patientive~~<br />''"Accusative"''~~ \|\| Agentive~~<br />''"Absolutive"''~~ \|\| Patientive \|\| Patientive \|\| Patientive		\| Patientive \|\| Agentive \|\| Patientive \|\| Patientive \|\| Patientive
	\|-		\|-
	! Circumject		! Circumject
	\| ~~Locative~~ \|\| ~~Locative~~ \|\| Dative \|\| ~~Locative~~ \|\| ~~Locative~~		\| Dative \|\| Dative \|\| Dative \|\| Dative \|\| Dative
	\|-		\|-
	! Conject		! Conject
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	The Agentive voice:		The Agentive voice:
	* ''<u>Ach</u> b'''um'''ili nichan kit empang ~~tempen~~ tarka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Ach</u> b'''um'''ili nichan kit empang i tepoen tarka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan kit em-pang tepo-en tarka suma-en an-taspan		\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan kit em-pang i tepo-en tarka suma-en an-taspan
	\|1sg.AGT ⟨AV⟩buy PAT-fish and PAT-bread store-~~LOC towards~~ wife-~~LOC~~ COM-money		\|1sg.AGT ⟨AV⟩buy PAT-fish and PAT-bread LOC store-DAT LAT wife-DAT COM-money
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Patientive voice:		The Patientive voice:
	* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku kit entaspan ~~tempen~~ tarka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku kit entaspan i tepoen tarka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|sh-ichan bili-n ku kit en-taspan tepo-en tarka suma-en am-pang		\|sh-ichan bili-n ku kit en-taspan i tepo-en tarka suma-en am-pang
	\|PAT-fish buy-PV 1sg.AGT and AGT-money store-~~LOC towards~~ wife-~~LOC~~ COM-bread		\|PAT-fish buy-PV 1sg.AGT and AGT-money LOC store-DAT LAT wife-DAT COM-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Locative voice:		The Locative voice:
	* ''<u>~~Stemp~~</u> bili'''an''' nichan kit empang sumaen nank kit antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money		* ''<u>Stepo</u> bili'''an''' nichan kit empang tarka sumaen nank kit antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|abbreviations=LV:locative voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=LV:locative voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan kit em-pang suma-en nak kit an-taspan		\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan kit em-pang tarka suma-en nak kit an-taspan
	\|LOC-store buy-LV PAT-fish and PAT-bread wife-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread		\|LOC-store buy-LV PAT-fish and PAT-bread LAT wife-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Benefactive voice:		The Benefactive voice:
	* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan kit empang ~~tempen~~ nank kit antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money		* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan kit empang i tepoen nank kit antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money
	{{interlinear\|abbreviations=BV:benefactive voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=BV:benefactive voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan kit em-pang tepo-en nak kit an-taspan		\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan kit em-pang i tepo-en nak kit an-taspan
	\|BEN-wife buy-BV PAT-fish and PAT-money store-~~LOC~~ 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread		\|BEN-wife buy-BV PAT-fish and PAT-money store-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Instrumental voice:		The Instrumental voice:
	* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan kit empang ~~tempen~~ tarka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>		* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan kit empang i tepoen tarka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>
	{{interlinear\|abbreviations=IV:instrumental voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=IV:instrumental voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-taspan bili n-ichan kit em-pang tepo-en tarka suma-en nak		\|s-taspan bili n-ichan kit em-pang i tepo-en tarka suma-en nak
	\|INST-money IV\buy PAT-fish and PAT-money store-~~LOC towards~~ wife-~~LOC~~ 1sg.AGT		\|INST-money IV\buy PAT-fish and PAT-money LOC store-DAT LAT wife-DAT 1sg.AGT
	\|}}		\|}}

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	\|-		\|-
	! Circumject		! Circumject
	\|\| k- \|\| k- -ad \|\| -en \|\| -~~enad~~		\|\| k- \|\| k- -ad \|\| -en \|\| -end
	\|-		\|-
	! Conject		! Conject
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ ~~Caption text~~		\|+ Middle Sethite cases
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~Header text~~ !! ~~Header text~~ !! ~~Header text~~		! rowspan=2\| !! rowspan=2\| Personal Names !! colspan=2\| Proper Nouns
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example~~		! Singular !! Plural
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		! Subject
			\| si \|\| si \|\| sa
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		! Object
			\| ni \|\| ni \|\| na
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		! Circumject
			\| ki \|\| ki \|\| ka
			\|-
			! Conject
			\| gna \|\| gni \|\| gna
	\|}		\|}

			====Cases====

			Middle Sethite has 4 main roles. Those are the Agentive, Patientive, Dative, and Comitative. There is also 4 extra roles a noun can take, which is Instrumental, Benefactive, Locative, and Ablative.



	==Syntax==		==Syntax==
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	===Noun Phrase===		===Noun Phrase===

	A noun phrase is a phrase used in the noun position.		A noun phrase is a phrase used in the noun position. By default, only relative clauses and adjectives can

	===Verb Phrase===		===Verb Phrase===

IdaeChop at 18:24, 28 June 2026

2026-06-28T18:24:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:24, 28 June 2026
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	Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC, and the few that do have consonant clusters don't do it up to two in the inside of a word. Nasals must assimilate with the consonant cluster (same placement in the mouth).		Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC, and the few that do have consonant clusters don't do it up to two in the inside of a word. Nasals must assimilate with the consonant cluster (same placement in the mouth).
	For onsets and codas, only the fricative /s/ can appear furthest from the nucleus; nasals can only appear closest to the nucleus; plosives can't cluster with other plosives; voiced plosives can't touch /s/; and /ɸ/ /β/ /ð/ /x/ /l/ and /ɰ/ can only cluster with /s/.		For onsets and codas, only the fricative /s/ can appear furthest from the nucleus; nasals can only appear closest to the nucleus; plosives can't cluster with other plosives; voiced plosives can't touch /s/; and /ɸ/ /β/ /ð/ /x/ /l/ and /ɰ/ can only cluster with /s/.
	For medial clusters, it's at maximum 2 with nasals unable to touch plosives.		For medial clusters, it's at maximum 2 with nasals unable to touch plosives and no gemination.

	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===
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	! Conject		! Conject
	\|\| gn- \|\| gn- -ad \|\| aN- \|\| aN- -ad		\|\| gn- \|\| gn- -ad \|\| aN- \|\| aN- -ad
			\|}

			This noun declension is used for common nouns.

			====Personal Names and Proper Nouns====

			For names, titles, and proper nouns, their case is separated from the word.

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Caption text
			\|-
			! Header text !! Header text !! Header text
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
	\|}		\|}

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	===Word Direction===		===Word Direction===

	Middle Sethite reverses words whenever the word is not the head of a noun clause or one wants to indicate aspects. This is done per phoneme, not per character as written by the orthography. The verb direction dictates the direction of the sentence and paragraphs.		Middle Sethite reverses words whenever the word is not the head of a noun clause or one wants to indicate aspects. This is done per phoneme, not per character as written by the orthography. The verb direction dictates the direction of the sentence and paragraphs. A sentence typically has an overall descending tone, but when the words are reversed they rise back up.

	* ''Shasu mera''<br />The dog is red		* ''Shasu mera''<br />The dog is red
	* ''Shasu arem''<br />The red dog		* ''Shasu arem''<br />The red dog

	===Noun ~~Clause~~===		===Noun Phrase===

	A noun ~~clause~~ is ~~head-initial; an adjective goes after~~ the noun.		A noun phrase is a phrase used in the noun position.

	===Verb ~~Clause~~===		===Verb Phrase===

	A verb clause has two parts: the nouns and the adverbs. The nouns go after the verb, the adverbs go before the verb. The head is right in the middle of these.		A verb clause has two parts: the nouns and the adverbs. The nouns go after the verb, the adverbs go before the verb. The head is right in the middle of these.
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	===Aspects===		===Aspects===

	Middle Sethite has four main aspects. These aspects can be divided even further by adding the affixes -in- or di-. They are indicated by the direction of the nouns in relation to the verb direction. For words where it’s ambiguous what the direction is (because its a phonemic palindrome), they will be ~~reduplicated (CV + word~~; ~~e.g.~~ apa ~~→ a’apa~~, masam ~~→ mamasam~~)		Middle Sethite has four main aspects. These aspects can be divided even further by adding the affixes -in- or di-. They are indicated by the direction of the nouns in relation to the verb direction. For words where it’s ambiguous what the direction is (because its a phonemic palindrome), they will be marked with an acute at the ultimate vowel; apa reversed is apá, masam reversed is masám).

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	===Relative Clauses===		===Relative Clauses===

	Middle Sethite employs relative clauses to convey more meaning in a single sentence. Sethite has five relative clause markers, which follows the same logic as the case markers. There is sing, ning, king, and nang. Unlike other ~~nonhead~~ parts of the clause, relative clauses do not need to be reversed (though some complex clauses do need reversals still).		Middle Sethite employs relative clauses to convey more meaning in a single sentence. Sethite has five relative clause markers, which follows the same logic as the case markers. There is sing (subject), ning (object), king (circumject), and nang (conject). Unlike other non-head parts of the clause, relative clauses do not need to be reversed (though some complex clauses do need reversals still).

	* Shasu sing kumanaor seka ~~emat~~<br />		* Shasu sing kumanaor seka ematha<br />
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|sh-asu sing kumanaor seka emat		\|sh-asu sing kumanaor seka emat

IdaeChop: /* Phonotactics */

2026-06-27T19:12:32Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 27 June 2026
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	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===

	Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC, and the few that do have consonant clusters don't do it up to two in the inside of a word. Nasals must assimilate with the consonant cluster (same placement in the mouth). For onsets and codas, only the fricative /s/ can appear furthest from the nucleus; nasals can only appear closest to the nucleus; plosives can't cluster with other plosives; and /ɸ/ /β/ /ð/ /x/ /l/ and /ɰ/ can only cluster with /s/		Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC, and the few that do have consonant clusters don't do it up to two in the inside of a word. Nasals must assimilate with the consonant cluster (same placement in the mouth).
			For onsets and codas, only the fricative /s/ can appear furthest from the nucleus; nasals can only appear closest to the nucleus; plosives can't cluster with other plosives; voiced plosives can't touch /s/; and /ɸ/ /β/ /ð/ /x/ /l/ and /ɰ/ can only cluster with /s/.
			For medial clusters, it's at maximum 2 with nasals unable to touch plosives.

	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===

IdaeChop: heh.

2026-06-27T18:45:26Z

heh.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 27 June 2026
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	===Word Order===		===Word Order===

	The typical word order for Middle Sethite is Subject-Verb-Object, ~~though in some cases it~~ is ~~Verb-Object-Subject instead~~.		The typical word order for Middle Sethite is Subject-Verb-Object. All sentences has these three, even intransitive verbs. For when a sentence has one of them missing, an auxiliary "ta" is added. However when the auxiliary direction matches with the verb direction, these auxiliary nouns may be dropped.

	===Word Direction===		===Word Direction===

	Middle Sethite reverses words whenever the word is not the head of ~~the~~ clause ~~(i.e. adjectives or adverbs)~~ or one wants to indicate aspects. This is done per phoneme, not per character as written by the orthography. The verb direction dictates the direction of the sentence and paragraphs.		Middle Sethite reverses words whenever the word is not the head of a noun clause or one wants to indicate aspects. This is done per phoneme, not per character as written by the orthography. The verb direction dictates the direction of the sentence and paragraphs.

	* ''Shasu mera''<br />The dog is red		* ''Shasu mera''<br />The dog is red
	* ''Shasu arem''<br />The red dog		* ''Shasu arem''<br />The red dog

	===Noun ~~Phrase~~===		===Noun Clause===

	===Verb ~~Phrase~~===		A noun clause is head-initial; an adjective goes after the noun.

			===Verb Clause===

			A verb clause has two parts: the nouns and the adverbs. The nouns go after the verb, the adverbs go before the verb. The head is right in the middle of these.

	===Aspects===		===Aspects===

IdaeChop at 16:06, 27 June 2026

2026-06-27T16:06:42Z

Show changes

IdaeChop at 03:38, 27 June 2026

2026-06-27T03:38:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 27 June 2026
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	\|}		\|}

	Middle Sethite do not have diphthongs, but does have vowels that are in hiatus.		Middle Sethite do not have diphthongs, but does have vowels that are in hiatus. Long vowels may also be analysed as two of the same vowels in hiatus by some speakers.

	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===

	Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC.		Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC, and the few that do have consonant clusters don't do it up to two in the inside of a word.

	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===

	/s/ after an /ɹ̠˔/ becomes a /ɕ/		/s/ after an /ɹ̠˔/ becomes a /ɕ/
			/s/ after a voiced plosive is assimilated.

	===Orthography===		===Orthography===
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	\|}		\|}

	==~~Grammar~~==		==Morphology==


	The grammar of Middle Sethite is typically predicate-final, with a topic-comment structure alongside [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrical_voice Austronesian alignment], though exceptions may occur. The subject of the sentence is separate with the topic of the sentence.

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
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	The Locative voice:		The Locative voice:
	* ''<u>Stemp</u> bili'''an''' nichan me empang sumaen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money		* ''<u>Stemp</u> bili'''an''' nichan me empang sumaen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=LV:locative voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan me em-pang suma-en nak me an-taspan		\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan me em-pang suma-en nak me an-taspan
	\|LOC-store buy-~~{{gcl\|~~LV~~\|locative voice}}~~ PAT-fish and PAT-bread wife-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread		\|LOC-store buy-LV PAT-fish and PAT-bread wife-DAT 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Benefactive voice:		The Benefactive voice:
	* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan me empang tempen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money		* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan me empang tempen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=BV:benefactive voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en nak me an-taspan		\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en nak me an-taspan
	\|BEN-wife buy-~~{{gcl\|~~BV~~\|benefactive voice}}~~ PAT-fish and PAT-money store-LOC 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread		\|BEN-wife buy-BV PAT-fish and PAT-money store-LOC 1sg.AGT and AGT-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
	The Instrumental voice:		The Instrumental voice:
	* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang tempen tarka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>		* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang tempen tarka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|abbreviations=IV:instrumental voice\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak		\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak
	\|INST-money ~~{{gcl\|~~IV~~\|instrumental voice}}~~\buy PAT-fish and PAT-money store-LOC towards wife-LOC 1sg.AGT		\|INST-money IV\buy PAT-fish and PAT-money store-LOC towards wife-LOC 1sg.AGT
	\|}}		\|}}

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	\| ← ⟨in⟩⇒ ←<br />''Ha binumot at''<br />"I have worked" \|\| ← ⇒ ←<br />''Ha bumot at''<br />"I work" \|\| ← de⇒ ←<br />''Ha debumot at''<br />"I am planning to work"		\| ← ⟨in⟩⇒ ←<br />''Ha binumot at''<br />"I have worked" \|\| ← ⇒ ←<br />''Ha bumot at''<br />"I work" \|\| ← de⇒ ←<br />''Ha debumot at''<br />"I am planning to work"
	\|}		\|}

			==Syntax==

			The grammar of Middle Sethite is typically predicate-final, with a topic-comment structure alongside [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrical_voice Austronesian alignment], though exceptions may occur. The subject of the sentence is separate with the topic of the sentence.

			===Word Order===

			===Noun Phrase===

			===Verb Phrase===

	===Relative Clauses===		===Relative Clauses===
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	==Example texts==		==Example texts==
	<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->		<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->



	==Other resources==		==Other resources==

IdaeChop at 19:46, 26 June 2026

2026-06-26T19:46:21Z

IdaeChop at 19:44, 26 June 2026

2026-06-26T19:44:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:44, 26 June 2026
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	The Agentive voice:		The Agentive voice:
	* ''~~'''~~Ach~~'''~~ b'''um'''ili nichan me empang ~~tepoen~~ tharka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Ach</u> b'''um'''ili nichan me empang tempen tharka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en an-taspan		\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en an-taspan
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Patientive voice:		The Patientive voice:
	* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku me entaspan ~~tepoen~~ tharka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku me entaspan tempen tharka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|sh-ichan bili-n ku me en-taspan tepo-en tharka suma-en am-pang		\|sh-ichan bili-n ku me en-taspan tepo-en tharka suma-en am-pang
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Locative voice:		The Locative voice:
	* ''<u>~~Stepo~~</u> bili'''an''' nichan me empang sumaen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money		* ''<u>Stemp</u> bili'''an''' nichan me empang sumaen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan me em-pang suma-en nak me an-taspan		\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan me em-pang suma-en nak me an-taspan
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Benefactive voice:		The Benefactive voice:
	* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan me empang ~~tepoen~~ nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money		* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan me empang tempen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en nak me an-taspan		\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en nak me an-taspan
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Instrumental voice:		The Instrumental voice:
	* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang ~~tepoen~~ tharka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>		* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang tempen tharka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak		\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak

IdaeChop at 18:05, 26 June 2026

2026-06-26T18:05:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 26 June 2026
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	===Phonotactics===		===Phonotactics===

	Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC.		Middle Sethite's phonotactics are CCVCC. However, most syllables only have CVC.

			===Morphophonology===

			/s/ after an /ɹ̠˔/ becomes a /ɕ/

	===Orthography===		===Orthography===
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	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

	The grammar of Middle Sethite is typically predicate-final, with a topic-comment structure alongside Austronesian alignment, though exceptions may occur. The subject of the sentence is separate with the topic of the sentence.		The grammar of Middle Sethite is typically predicate-final, with a topic-comment structure alongside [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrical_voice Austronesian alignment], though exceptions may occur. The subject of the sentence is separate with the topic of the sentence.

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
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	\|-		\|-
	! Patientive Voice		! Patientive Voice
	\|\| ⟨in⟩ -(e)n<br />''binavan'' \|\| -n<br />''bavan'' \|\| de- -n<br />''debavan''		\|\| ⟨in⟩ -(e)n<br />''binavan'' \|\| -(e)n<br />''bavan'' \|\| de- -(e)n<br />''debavan''
	\|-		\|-
	! Locative Voice		! Locative Voice
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	\|-		\|-
	! Benefactive Voice		! Benefactive Voice
	\| ⟨in⟩ -nan<br />''binavanan'' \|\| -nan<br />''bavanan'' \|\| de- -nan<br />''debavanan''		\| ⟨in⟩ -(e)nan<br />''binavanan'' \|\| -(e)nan<br />''bavanan'' \|\| de- -(e)nan<br />''debavanan''
	\|-		\|-
	! Instrumental Voice		! Instrumental Voice
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	The Agentive voice:		The Agentive voice:
	* ''Ach b'''um'''ili nichan me empang tepoen tharka sumaen antaspan''<br />~~'''~~I~~'''~~ am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money		* '''''Ach''' b'''um'''ili nichan me empang tepoen tharka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en an-taspan		\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en an-taspan
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Patientive voice:		The Patientive voice:
	* ''Shichan bili'''n''' ku me entaspan tepoen tharka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying ~~'''~~fish~~'''~~ and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku me entaspan tepoen tharka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|sh-ichan bili-n ku me en-taspan tepo-en tharka suma-en am-pang		\|sh-ichan bili-n ku me en-taspan tepo-en tharka suma-en am-pang
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Locative voice:		The Locative voice:
	* ''Stepo bili'''an''' nichan me empang sumaen ~~nak~~ me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread ~~'''~~at a store~~'''~~ for my wife using money		* ''<u>Stepo</u> bili'''an''' nichan me empang sumaen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread <u>at a store</u> for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan me em-pang suma-en nak me an-taspan		\|s-tepo bili-an n-ichan me em-pang suma-en nak me an-taspan
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Benefactive voice:		The Benefactive voice:
	* ''Suma bili'''nan''' nichan me empang tepoen ~~nak~~ me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store ~~'''~~for my wife~~'''~~ using money		* ''<u>Suma</u> bili'''nan''' nichan me empang tepoen nank me antaspan''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store <u>for my wife</u> using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en nak me an-taspan		\|∅-suma bili-nan n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en nak me an-taspan
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Instrumental voice:		The Instrumental voice:
	* ''Staspan b'''i'''li nichan me empang tepoen tharka sumaen ~~nak~~''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife ~~'''~~using money~~'''~~		* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang tepoen tharka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak		\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak
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	\|AGT-cookware REL.COM ⟨AV⟩cook PAT-fish 1sg.AGT		\|AGT-cookware REL.COM ⟨AV⟩cook PAT-fish 1sg.AGT
	\|'The pot that I am cooking fish with'}}		\|'The pot that I am cooking fish with'}}



	==Example texts==		==Example texts==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:46, 26 June 2026
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	* ''<u>Ach</u> b'''um'''ili nichan me empang tempen tharka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Ach</u> b'''um'''ili nichan me empang tempen tharka sumaen antaspan''<br /><u>I</u> am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en ~~tharka~~ suma-en an-taspan		\|ach b-um-ili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tarka suma-en an-taspan
	\|1sg.AGT ⟨AV⟩buy PAT-fish and PAT-bread store-LOC towards wife-LOC COM-money		\|1sg.AGT ⟨AV⟩buy PAT-fish and PAT-bread store-LOC towards wife-LOC COM-money
	\|}}		\|}}
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	* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku me entaspan tempen tharka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money		* ''<u>Shichan</u> bili'''n''' ku me entaspan tempen tharka sumaen ampang''<br />I am buying <u>fish</u> and bread at a store for my wife using money
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|sh-ichan bili-n ku me en-taspan tepo-en ~~tharka~~ suma-en am-pang		\|sh-ichan bili-n ku me en-taspan tepo-en tarka suma-en am-pang
	\|PAT-fish buy-PV 1sg.AGT and AGT-money store-LOC towards wife-LOC COM-bread		\|PAT-fish buy-PV 1sg.AGT and AGT-money store-LOC towards wife-LOC COM-bread
	\|}}		\|}}
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	\|}}		\|}}
	The Instrumental voice:		The Instrumental voice:
	* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang tempen ~~tharka~~ sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>		* ''<u>Staspan</u> b'''i'''li nichan me empang tempen tarka sumaen nank''<br />I am buying fish and bread at a store for my wife <u>using money</u>
	{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|		{{interlinear\|indent=2\|glossing = link\|
	\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak		\|s-taspan bili n-ichan me em-pang tepo-en tharka suma-en nak