Macambese - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 18:13, 28 January 2026

2026-01-28T18:13:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 28 January 2026
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	\| \|\| \|\| \|\| l \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| \|\| \|\| \|\| l \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|}		\|}
	/ɱ/ is an allophone of /m/ before /f v/ (as in ''se'''m'''fogne'' "symphony, song") while /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /k g/ (as in ''ou'''n'''cle'' "uncle, bro (to an older person)").		{{IPA\|/ɱ/}} is an allophone of {{IPA\|/m/}} before {{IPA\|/f v/}} (as in ''se'''m'''fogne'' "symphony, song") while {{IPA\|/ŋ/}} is an allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} before {{IPA\|/k g/}} (as in ''ou'''n'''cle'' "uncle, bro (to an older person)").

	Macambese only has one phonemic rhotic, /r/, but the realisation of this phoneme varies greatly depending on dialect and sometimes even at the idiolect level. In Northern dialects, /r/ is pronounced as uvular /ʁ/ in word-medial coda syllable positions, as in ''pardoun'' {{IPA\|[ˈpaʁdõw̃]}}, and is pronounced as tap /ɾ/ everywhere else. However, in the Foidegrin dialect, word-medial coda /r/ is only uvular before sonorants, as in ''parlé'' {{IPA\|[paʁˈlei̯]}} and is trill /r/ everywhere else. In Southern dialects it is traditionally trill /r/ everywhere, though with the more recent influence of English the /r/ has been gradually replaced by alveolar /ɹ/, which is also the most common realisation in all positions by L2 speakers of the language (called ''anglen'' or ''bushrons'').		Macambese only has one phonemic rhotic, {{IPA\|/r/}}, but the realisation of this phoneme varies greatly depending on dialect and sometimes even at the idiolect level. In Northern dialects, {{IPA\|/r/}} is pronounced as uvular {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} in word-medial coda syllable positions, as in ''pardoun'' {{IPA\|[ˈpaʁdõw̃]}}, and is pronounced as tap {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} everywhere else. However, in the Foidegrin dialect, word-medial coda {{IPA\|/r/}} is only uvular before sonorants, as in ''parlé'' {{IPA\|[paʁˈlei̯]}} and is trill {{IPA\|/r/}} everywhere else. In Southern dialects it is traditionally trill {{IPA\|/r/}} everywhere, though with the more recent influence of English the {{IPA\|/r/}} has been gradually replaced by alveolar {{IPA\|/ɹ/}}, which is also the most common realisation in all positions by L2 speakers of the language (called ''anglen'' or ''bushrons'').
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
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	Amen.		Amen.
	</poem>		</poem>
	[[Category:Macambese]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Indo-European languages]] [[Category:A posteriori ~~languages~~]] [[Category:Fusional languages]] [[Category:Italic languages]]		[[Category:Macambese]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Indo-European languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Category:Fusional languages]] [[Category:Italic languages]]

Jukethatbox at 18:08, 28 January 2026

2026-01-28T18:08:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 28 January 2026
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	'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA\|{{IPA\|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''peissaîde''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced {{IPA\|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}, <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").		'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA\|{{IPA\|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''peissaîde''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced {{IPA\|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}, <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").

	As an Oïl language, Macambese is most closely related to the Northern Oïl languages such as [[w:Norman language\|Norman]] and [[w:Picard\|Picard]], as well as [[w:French language\|Standard French]]. However, its isolation from France has led it to develop unique and sometimes English-influenced features that are rare in other Oïl languages; for example, many Macambese words are calques of English words, such as ''amei-fillia'' "girlfriend" being a calque of English {{l\|en\|girlfriend}} as opposed to the equivalent French term, {{l\|fr\|petite amie}} (lit. "little friend (f.)"). Other features borrowed from English include the vowel /ʌ/ (usually written ''u'', often cognate with French /y/) and phonemic [[w:Affricates\|affricates]] /tʃ dʒ/ and [[w:Dental fricatives\|dental fricatives]] /θ ð/.		As an Oïl language, Macambese is most closely related to the Northern Oïl languages such as [[w:Norman language\|Norman]] and [[w:Picard\|Picard]], as well as [[w:French language\|Standard French]]. However, its isolation from France has led it to develop unique and sometimes English-influenced features that are rare in other Oïl languages; for example, many Macambese words are calques of English words, such as ''amei-fillia'' "girlfriend" being a calque of English {{l\|en\|girlfriend}} as opposed to the equivalent French term, {{l\|fr\|petite amie}} (<small>lit.</small> "little friend (f.)"). Other features borrowed from English include the vowel {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} (usually written ''u'', often cognate with French {{IPA\|/y/}}) and phonemic [[w:Affricates\|affricates]] {{IPA\|/tʃ dʒ/}} and [[w:Dental fricatives\|dental fricatives]] {{IPA\|/θ ð/}}.
	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===

Jukethatbox at 16:29, 25 January 2026

2026-01-25T16:29:28Z

@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 Word-final {{IPA|/e/}}, generally written ''é'', is usually diphthongised to {{IPA|[ei̯]}}.
-Macambese has 6 valid diphthongs: {{IPA|/ei̯ oi̯ ou̯ eu̯ au̯ ai̯/}}. {{IPA|/ai̯ au̯/}} primarily only occur in English loanwords and are written ⟨aî⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ respectively (historically {{IPA|/au̯/}} was also written ⟨aû⟩ but this is now obsolete), like ''traîbe'' "tribe", ''éspaîque'' "a type of long, thin sword", ''claoune'' "clown" and ''plaouv'néje'' "snowplough". Importantly, the use of the circumflex in {{IPA|/ai̯/}} ⟨aî⟩ is not to show a silent /s/ as it is generally used in French, but instead originally was a variant of the [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] that replaced it. Thus, the circumflex in Macambese operates almost equivalently to the diaeresis in French; indeed, ''éspaîque'' alone was often spelt ''éspaïque'' or ''espaïque'' as late as the mid-19th century.
+Macambese has 6 valid diphthongs: {{IPA|/ei̯ oi̯ ou̯ eu̯ au̯ ai̯/}}. {{IPA|/ai̯ au̯/}} primarily only occur in English loanwords and are written ⟨aî⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ respectively (historically {{IPA|/au̯/}} was also written ⟨aû⟩ but this is now obsolete), like ''traîve'' "tribe", ''éspaîque'' "a type of long, thin sword", ''claoune'' "clown" and ''plaouv'néje'' "snowplough". Importantly, the use of the circumflex in {{IPA|/ai̯/}} ⟨aî⟩ is not to show a silent /s/ as it is generally used in French, but instead originally was a variant of the [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] that replaced it. Thus, the circumflex in Macambese operates almost equivalently to the diaeresis in French; indeed, ''éspaîque'' alone was often spelt ''éspaïque'' or ''espaïque'' as late as the mid-19th century.
 ====Nasal vowels====
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 ''sum'' is borrowed from English {{l|en|some}} and replaced native ''uns'' and ''ounes''.
 ===Pronouns===
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
 |+ Macambese pronouns

Jukethatbox at 16:00, 25 January 2026

2026-01-25T16:00:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 25 January 2026
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	Amen.		Amen.
	</poem>		</poem>
	[[Category:Macambese]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]		[[Category:Macambese]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Indo-European languages]] [[Category:A posteriori languages]] [[Category:Fusional languages]] [[Category:Italic languages]]

Jukethatbox at 15:27, 25 January 2026

2026-01-25T15:27:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 25 January 2026
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	\| fam12 = Oïl		\| fam12 = Oïl
	\| speakers = ~1,200		\| speakers = ~1,200
			\| state = Macamby
	\| date = 2025		\| date = 2025
	\| ancestor1 = Old Latin		\| ancestor1 = Old Latin

Jukethatbox: /* Vowels */

2026-01-25T15:22:56Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 25 January 2026
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	Word-final {{IPA\|/e/}}, generally written ''é'', is usually diphthongised to {{IPA\|[ei̯]}}.		Word-final {{IPA\|/e/}}, generally written ''é'', is usually diphthongised to {{IPA\|[ei̯]}}.

	Macambese has 5 valid diphthongs: {{IPA\|/ei̯ oi̯ ou̯ au̯ ai̯/}}. {{IPA\|/ai̯ au̯/}} primarily only occur in English loanwords and are written ⟨aî⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ respectively (historically {{IPA\|/au̯/}} was also written ⟨aû⟩ but this is now obsolete), like ''traîbe'' "tribe", ''éspaîque'' "a type of long, thin sword", ''claoune'' "clown" and ''plaouv'néje'' "snowplough". Importantly, the use of the circumflex in {{IPA\|/ai̯/}} ⟨aî⟩ is not to show a silent /s/ as it is generally used in French, but instead originally was a variant of the [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)\|diaeresis]] that replaced it. Thus, the circumflex in Macambese operates almost equivalently to the diaeresis in French; indeed, ''éspaîque'' alone was often spelt ''éspaïque'' or ''espaïque'' as late as the mid-19th century.		Macambese has 6 valid diphthongs: {{IPA\|/ei̯ oi̯ ou̯ eu̯ au̯ ai̯/}}. {{IPA\|/ai̯ au̯/}} primarily only occur in English loanwords and are written ⟨aî⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ respectively (historically {{IPA\|/au̯/}} was also written ⟨aû⟩ but this is now obsolete), like ''traîbe'' "tribe", ''éspaîque'' "a type of long, thin sword", ''claoune'' "clown" and ''plaouv'néje'' "snowplough". Importantly, the use of the circumflex in {{IPA\|/ai̯/}} ⟨aî⟩ is not to show a silent /s/ as it is generally used in French, but instead originally was a variant of the [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)\|diaeresis]] that replaced it. Thus, the circumflex in Macambese operates almost equivalently to the diaeresis in French; indeed, ''éspaîque'' alone was often spelt ''éspaïque'' or ''espaïque'' as late as the mid-19th century.
	====Nasal vowels====		====Nasal vowels====
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

Jukethatbox at 15:18, 25 January 2026

2026-01-25T15:18:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 25 January 2026
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	\| script1 = Latn		\| script1 = Latn
	\| agency = Cirquel Solei		\| agency = Cirquel Solei
			\| notice = ipa
	}}		}}
	'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA\|{{IPA\|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''peissaîde''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced {{IPA\|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}, <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").		'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA\|{{IPA\|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''peissaîde''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced {{IPA\|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}, <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").

Jukethatbox: /* Vowels */

2026-01-25T15:16:45Z

Vowels

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 25 January 2026
Line 71:		Line 71:
	\| a \|\|		\| a \|\|
	\|}		\|}
	Word-final {{IPA\|/e/}}, generally written ''é'', is usually diphthongised to {{IPA\|[ei̯]}}		Word-final {{IPA\|/e/}}, generally written ''é'', is usually diphthongised to {{IPA\|[ei̯]}}.

			Macambese has 5 valid diphthongs: {{IPA\|/ei̯ oi̯ ou̯ au̯ ai̯/}}. {{IPA\|/ai̯ au̯/}} primarily only occur in English loanwords and are written ⟨aî⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ respectively (historically {{IPA\|/au̯/}} was also written ⟨aû⟩ but this is now obsolete), like ''traîbe'' "tribe", ''éspaîque'' "a type of long, thin sword", ''claoune'' "clown" and ''plaouv'néje'' "snowplough". Importantly, the use of the circumflex in {{IPA\|/ai̯/}} ⟨aî⟩ is not to show a silent /s/ as it is generally used in French, but instead originally was a variant of the [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)\|diaeresis]] that replaced it. Thus, the circumflex in Macambese operates almost equivalently to the diaeresis in French; indeed, ''éspaîque'' alone was often spelt ''éspaïque'' or ''espaïque'' as late as the mid-19th century.
	====Nasal vowels====		====Nasal vowels====
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
Line 86:		Line 88:
	\|}		\|}
	Macambese is generally agreed to have six phonemic nasal vowels, {{IPA\|/ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ ʌ̃/}}. {{IPA\|/ɛ̃/}} is often realised as {{IPA\|/ẽ/}} in Southern dialects, while {{IPA\|/ũ/}} is very commonly realised as {{IPA\|[õw̃]}}, though many speakers in Chapsfield (''Shampsfeile'') still seem to retain the {{IPA\|[ũ]}} pronunciation that today is otherwise considered archaic. {{IPA\|/ʌ̃/}} only occurs in some words such as ''un'' "singular masculine indefinite article" and ''pron'''un'''cé'' "to pronounce", and may be variably realised as {{IPA\|[ɨ̃]}}, {{IPA\|[ə̃]}} or in the most divergent dialects as {{IPA\|[ỹ]}}. {{IPA\|/ĩ/}} is even rarer, mostly occurring in verb conjugations like ''v'''in''''' "he/she/it goes", and also has a tendency especially among younger speakers to morph into a combination of {{IPA\|/i/}} and a nasal homorganic to the consonant after it, as in ''is vinte'' {{IPA\|[is ˈvĩtə]}} "he went" pronounced as {{IPA\|[is ˈvintə]}}. {{IPA\|/ã/}} is pronounced firmly centrally.		Macambese is generally agreed to have six phonemic nasal vowels, {{IPA\|/ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ ʌ̃/}}. {{IPA\|/ɛ̃/}} is often realised as {{IPA\|/ẽ/}} in Southern dialects, while {{IPA\|/ũ/}} is very commonly realised as {{IPA\|[õw̃]}}, though many speakers in Chapsfield (''Shampsfeile'') still seem to retain the {{IPA\|[ũ]}} pronunciation that today is otherwise considered archaic. {{IPA\|/ʌ̃/}} only occurs in some words such as ''un'' "singular masculine indefinite article" and ''pron'''un'''cé'' "to pronounce", and may be variably realised as {{IPA\|[ɨ̃]}}, {{IPA\|[ə̃]}} or in the most divergent dialects as {{IPA\|[ỹ]}}. {{IPA\|/ĩ/}} is even rarer, mostly occurring in verb conjugations like ''v'''in''''' "he/she/it goes", and also has a tendency especially among younger speakers to morph into a combination of {{IPA\|/i/}} and a nasal homorganic to the consonant after it, as in ''is vinte'' {{IPA\|[is ˈvĩtə]}} "he went" pronounced as {{IPA\|[is ˈvintə]}}. {{IPA\|/ã/}} is pronounced firmly centrally.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	Macambese nouns inflect on two [[w:Grammatical gender\|genders]], masculine and feminine, and two [[w:Grammatical number\|numbers]], singular and plural.		Macambese nouns inflect on two [[w:Grammatical gender\|genders]], masculine and feminine, and two [[w:Grammatical number\|numbers]], singular and plural.

Jukethatbox at 13:25, 25 January 2026

2026-01-25T13:25:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 25 January 2026
Line 29:		Line 29:
	\| agency = Cirquel Solei		\| agency = Cirquel Solei
	}}		}}
	'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA\|{{IPA\|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''~~peissade~~''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced ~~[[Help:IPA\|~~{{IPA\|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}]], <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").		'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA\|{{IPA\|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''peissaîde''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced {{IPA\|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}, <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").

	As an Oïl language, Macambese is most closely related to the Northern Oïl languages such as [[w:Norman language\|Norman]] and [[w:Picard\|Picard]], as well as [[w:French language\|Standard French]]. However, its isolation from France has led it to develop unique and sometimes English-influenced features that are rare in other Oïl languages; for example, many Macambese words are calques of English words, such as ''amei-fillia'' "girlfriend" being a calque of English {{l\|en\|girlfriend}} as opposed to the equivalent French term, {{l\|fr\|petite amie}} (lit. "little friend (f.)"). Other features borrowed from English include the vowel /ʌ/ (usually written ''u'', often cognate with French /y/) and phonemic [[w:Affricates\|affricates]] /tʃ dʒ/ and [[w:Dental fricatives\|dental fricatives]] /θ ð/.		As an Oïl language, Macambese is most closely related to the Northern Oïl languages such as [[w:Norman language\|Norman]] and [[w:Picard\|Picard]], as well as [[w:French language\|Standard French]]. However, its isolation from France has led it to develop unique and sometimes English-influenced features that are rare in other Oïl languages; for example, many Macambese words are calques of English words, such as ''amei-fillia'' "girlfriend" being a calque of English {{l\|en\|girlfriend}} as opposed to the equivalent French term, {{l\|fr\|petite amie}} (lit. "little friend (f.)"). Other features borrowed from English include the vowel /ʌ/ (usually written ''u'', often cognate with French /y/) and phonemic [[w:Affricates\|affricates]] /tʃ dʒ/ and [[w:Dental fricatives\|dental fricatives]] /θ ð/.
Line 54:		Line 54:
	/ɱ/ is an allophone of /m/ before /f v/ (as in ''se'''m'''fogne'' "symphony, song") while /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /k g/ (as in ''ou'''n'''cle'' "uncle, bro (to an older person)").		/ɱ/ is an allophone of /m/ before /f v/ (as in ''se'''m'''fogne'' "symphony, song") while /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /k g/ (as in ''ou'''n'''cle'' "uncle, bro (to an older person)").

	Macambese only has one phonemic rhotic, /r/, but the realisation of this phoneme varies greatly depending on dialect and sometimes even at the idiolect level. In Northern dialects, /r/ is pronounced as uvular /ʁ/ in word-medial coda syllable positions, as in ''pardoun'' [ˈpaʁdõw̃], and is pronounced as tap /ɾ/ everywhere else. However, in the Foidegrin dialect, word-medial coda /r/ is only uvular before sonorants, as in ''~~pardoun~~'' and is trill /r/ everywhere else. In Southern dialects it is traditionally trill /r/ everywhere, though with the more recent influence of English the /r/ has been gradually replaced by alveolar /ɹ/, which is also the most common realisation in all positions by L2 speakers of the language (called ''anglen'' or ''bushrons'').		Macambese only has one phonemic rhotic, /r/, but the realisation of this phoneme varies greatly depending on dialect and sometimes even at the idiolect level. In Northern dialects, /r/ is pronounced as uvular /ʁ/ in word-medial coda syllable positions, as in ''pardoun'' {{IPA\|[ˈpaʁdõw̃]}}, and is pronounced as tap /ɾ/ everywhere else. However, in the Foidegrin dialect, word-medial coda /r/ is only uvular before sonorants, as in ''parlé'' {{IPA\|[paʁˈlei̯]}} and is trill /r/ everywhere else. In Southern dialects it is traditionally trill /r/ everywhere, though with the more recent influence of English the /r/ has been gradually replaced by alveolar /ɹ/, which is also the most common realisation in all positions by L2 speakers of the language (called ''anglen'' or ''bushrons'').
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
Line 71:		Line 71:
	\| a \|\|		\| a \|\|
	\|}		\|}
			Word-final {{IPA\|/e/}}, generally written ''é'', is usually diphthongised to {{IPA\|[ei̯]}}
			====Nasal vowels====
			{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
			! !! Front !! Central !! Back
			\|-
			! Close
			\| ĩ \|\| \|\| ũ
			\|-
			! Mid
			\| ɛ̃ \|\| ʌ̃ \|\| ɔ̃
			\|-
			! Open
			\| \|\| ã \|\|
			\|}
			Macambese is generally agreed to have six phonemic nasal vowels, {{IPA\|/ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ ʌ̃/}}. {{IPA\|/ɛ̃/}} is often realised as {{IPA\|/ẽ/}} in Southern dialects, while {{IPA\|/ũ/}} is very commonly realised as {{IPA\|[õw̃]}}, though many speakers in Chapsfield (''Shampsfeile'') still seem to retain the {{IPA\|[ũ]}} pronunciation that today is otherwise considered archaic. {{IPA\|/ʌ̃/}} only occurs in some words such as ''un'' "singular masculine indefinite article" and ''pron'''un'''cé'' "to pronounce", and may be variably realised as {{IPA\|[ɨ̃]}}, {{IPA\|[ə̃]}} or in the most divergent dialects as {{IPA\|[ỹ]}}. {{IPA\|/ĩ/}} is even rarer, mostly occurring in verb conjugations like ''v'''in''''' "he/she/it goes", and also has a tendency especially among younger speakers to morph into a combination of {{IPA\|/i/}} and a nasal homorganic to the consonant after it, as in ''is vinte'' {{IPA\|[is ˈvĩtə]}} "he went" pronounced as {{IPA\|[is ˈvintə]}}. {{IPA\|/ã/}} is pronounced firmly centrally.
	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
			Macambese nouns inflect on two [[w:Grammatical gender\|genders]], masculine and feminine, and two [[w:Grammatical number\|numbers]], singular and plural.
			===Articles===
			{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
			! rowspan=2 \| !! colspan=2 \| Indefinite !! colspan=2 \| Definite
			\|-
			! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
			\|-
			! Masculine
			\| ''un'' \|\| rowspan=2 \| ''sum'' \|\| ''le'' \|\| ''lé''
			\|-
			! Feminine
			\| ''oune'' \|\| ''la'' \|\| ''las''
			\|}
			''sum'' is borrowed from English {{l\|en\|some}} and replaced native ''uns'' and ''ounes''.
	===Pronouns===		===Pronouns===
	{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"		{\| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
Line 101:		Line 130:
	\| ''â'' \|\| ''sa'' \|\| ''as'' \|\| ''âse(s)''		\| ''â'' \|\| ''sa'' \|\| ''as'' \|\| ''âse(s)''
	\|}		\|}
	The genitives of ''nou'' and ''vou'' are ''no'' and ''vo'' respectively before consonants and ''noz'' / ''voz'' before vowels. The genitives of ''els'' and ''as'' are ''ise'' and ''âse'' before singular nouns and ''ises'' / ''âses'' before plural nouns, but the final /s/ is never pronounced, so ''ise'' / ''ises'' and ''âse'' / ''âses'' are both homophonic pairs.		The genitives of ''nou'' and ''vou'' are ''no’'' and ''vo’'' respectively before consonants and ''noz'' / ''voz'' before vowels. The genitives of ''els'' and ''as'' are ''ise'' and ''âse'' before singular nouns and ''ises'' / ''âses'' before plural nouns, but the final /s/ is never pronounced, so ''ise'' / ''ises'' and ''âse'' / ''âses'' are both homophonic pairs.
	==Example texts==		==Example texts==
	===The Lord's Prayer===		===The Lord's Prayer===

Jukethatbox: Created page with "{{construction}} {{infobox language | name=Macambese | nativename = lang Macambe | pronunciation = laŋ maˈkamə | creator = User:Jukethatbox | created = 2026 | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = Italic | fam3 = Latino-Faliscan | fam4 = Latinic | fam5 = Romance | fam6 = Italo-Western | fam7 = Western | fam8 = Gallo-Iberian | fam9 = Gallo-Romance | fam10 = Gallo-Rhaetian | fam11 = Arpitan-Oïl | fam12 = Oïl | speakers = ~1,200 | date = 2025 | ancestor1 = Old Latin | a..."

2026-01-25T12:39:51Z

Created page with "{{construction}} {{infobox language | name=Macambese | nativename = lang Macambe | pronunciation = laŋ maˈkamə | creator = User:Jukethatbox | created = 2026 | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = Italic | fam3 = Latino-Faliscan | fam4 = Latinic | fam5 = Romance | fam6 = Italo-Western | fam7 = Western | fam8 = Gallo-Iberian | fam9 = Gallo-Romance | fam10 = Gallo-Rhaetian | fam11 = Arpitan-Oïl | fam12 = Oïl | speakers = ~1,200 | date = 2025 | ancestor1 = Old Latin | a..."

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{{construction}}
{{infobox language
| name=Macambese
| nativename = lang Macambe
| pronunciation = laŋ maˈkamə
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| created = 2026
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = Italic
| fam3 = Latino-Faliscan
| fam4 = Latinic
| fam5 = Romance
| fam6 = Italo-Western
| fam7 = Western
| fam8 = Gallo-Iberian
| fam9 = Gallo-Romance
| fam10 = Gallo-Rhaetian
| fam11 = Arpitan-Oïl
| fam12 = Oïl
| speakers = ~1,200
| date = 2025
| ancestor1 = Old Latin
| ancestor2 = Vulgar Latin
| ancestor3 = Proto-Romance
| ancestor4 = Old Gallo-Romance
| ancestor5 = Old French
| ancestor6 = Old Macambese
| script1 = Latn
| agency = Cirquel Solei
}}
'''Macambese''' (''lang Macambe'' [[Help:IPA|{{IPA|[laŋ maˈkamə]}}]]) is an Oïl language spoken natively in the English town of Macamby. It was historically natively spoken by about 50,000 residents of Macamby and its surrounding countryside (''peissade''), but is now designated as a definitely endangered language by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'', with only an estimated 1,200 truly native speakers remaining, though estimates of L2 speakers are much higher at around 20,000 L2 speakers. It is unofficially regulated by the Cirquel Solei (pronounced [[Help:IPA|{{IPA|[ˈsirkəl soˈlei̯]}}]], <small>lit.</small> "Circle of the Sun").

As an Oïl language, Macambese is most closely related to the Northern Oïl languages such as [[w:Norman language|Norman]] and [[w:Picard|Picard]], as well as [[w:French language|Standard French]]. However, its isolation from France has led it to develop unique and sometimes English-influenced features that are rare in other Oïl languages; for example, many Macambese words are calques of English words, such as ''amei-fillia'' "girlfriend" being a calque of English {{l|en|girlfriend}} as opposed to the equivalent French term, {{l|fr|petite amie}} (lit. "little friend (f.)"). Other features borrowed from English include the vowel /ʌ/ (usually written ''u'', often cognate with French /y/) and phonemic [[w:Affricates|affricates]] /tʃ dʒ/ and [[w:Dental fricatives|dental fricatives]] /θ ð/.
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Nasal
| m || (ɱ) || || n || || ɲ || (ŋ)
|-
! Stop/Affricate
| p b || || || t d || tʃ dʒ || || k g
|-
! Fricative
| || f v || θ ð || s z || ʃ ʒ || ||
|-
! Approximant
| w || || || r || || j ||
|-
! Lateral
| || || || l || || ||
|}
/ɱ/ is an allophone of /m/ before /f v/ (as in ''se'''m'''fogne'' "symphony, song") while /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /k g/ (as in ''ou'''n'''cle'' "uncle, bro (to an older person)").

Macambese only has one phonemic rhotic, /r/, but the realisation of this phoneme varies greatly depending on dialect and sometimes even at the idiolect level. In Northern dialects, /r/ is pronounced as uvular /ʁ/ in word-medial coda syllable positions, as in ''pardoun'' [ˈpaʁdõw̃], and is pronounced as tap /ɾ/ everywhere else. However, in the Foidegrin dialect, word-medial coda /r/ is only uvular before sonorants, as in ''pardoun'' and is trill /r/ everywhere else. In Southern dialects it is traditionally trill /r/ everywhere, though with the more recent influence of English the /r/ has been gradually replaced by alveolar /ɹ/, which is also the most common realisation in all positions by L2 speakers of the language (called ''anglen'' or ''bushrons'').
===Vowels===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i || || u
|-
! Close-mid
| e || || o
|-
! Open-mid
| ɛ || ə || ʌ ɔ
|-
! Open
| a ||
|}
==Grammar==
===Pronouns===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ Macambese pronouns
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural
|-
! nom. !! gen. !! nom. !! gen.
|-
! rowspan=2 | 1
! masc.
| rowspan=2 | ''m(e)'' || ''me'' || rowspan=2 | ''nou'' || rowspan=2 | ''no(z)''
|-
! fem.
| ''ma''
|-
! rowspan=2 | 2
! masc.
| rowspan=2 | ''tu'' || ''tu'' || rowspan=2 | ''vou'' || rowspan=2 | ''vo(z)''
|-
! fem.
| ''ta''
|-
! rowspan=2 | 3
! masc.
| ''is'' || ''son'' || ''els'' || ''ise(s)''
|-
! fem.
| ''â'' || ''sa'' || ''as'' || ''âse(s)''
|}
The genitives of ''nou'' and ''vou'' are ''no'' and ''vo'' respectively before consonants and ''noz'' / ''voz'' before vowels. The genitives of ''els'' and ''as'' are ''ise'' and ''âse'' before singular nouns and ''ises'' / ''âses'' before plural nouns, but the final /s/ is never pronounced, so ''ise'' / ''ises'' and ''âse'' / ''âses'' are both homophonic pairs.
==Example texts==
===The Lord's Prayer===
<poem>
No' Per qu'eit iné cieu
Que tu noum eit santifi
Que tu reng vin
Que ta volonte eit fert sur la ter com in cieu.

Doun in nou hui nou pan de se jurne.
Pardoun in nou noz ofenses
Com nou pardenouns ousi îs que nou ofensa.

E ne nou souvemit in tentasion,
Mes delivré nou far male,
Amen.
</poem>
[[Category:Macambese]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]