Loshi - Revision history

Kóði: /* Allophony */

2019-09-04T03:39:34Z

Allophony

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:39, 4 September 2019
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	1. /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before /k/ or /x/ and [ŋˀ] before /kˀ/, but [ŋ] before [ɣ].		1. /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before /k/ or /x/ and [ŋˀ] before /kˀ/, but [ŋ] before [ɣ].

	*: ''kunkuz'' /kunkuʃ/ [kuŋkuʃ]		*: '''kunkuz''' /kunkuʃ/ = [kuŋkuʃ]

	*: ''ztunk'' /ʃtunx/ [ʃtuŋx]		*: '''ztunk''' /ʃtunx/ = [ʃtuŋx]

	*: ''bangod'' /pˀankˀɔd/ [pˀɐŋˀkˀɔð]		*: '''bangod''' /pˀankˀɔd/ = [pˀɐŋˀkˀɔð]

	*: ''ljäsáng'' /ʎɛˈsɑːnkˀ/ [ʎɛˈsɑːŋɣ]		*: '''ljäsáng''' /ʎɛˈsɑːnkˀ/ = [ʎɛˈsɑːŋɣ]

	2. /n/ is realized as [m] before [ɔ uː p ɸ] and as [ɲ] before [i iː].		2. /n/ is realized as [m] before [ɔ uː p ɸ] and as [ɲ] before [i iː].

	*:''nikutlëz'' /niˈkutlɛʃ/ [ɲiˈkutlɛʃ]		*:'''nikutlëz''' /niˈkutlɛʃ/ = [ɲiˈkutlɛʃ]

	*: ''mínot'' /ˈmiːnɔt/ [ˈmiːmɔθ]		*: '''mínot''' /ˈmiːnɔt/ = [ˈmiːmɔθ]

	3. /p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ/ in coda position are realized as [ɸ θ x β ð ɣ], respectively.		3. /p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ/ in coda position are realized as [ɸ θ x β ð ɣ], respectively.

	*: ''loknag'' /lɔknakˀ/ [ɫɔx.nɐɣ]		*: '''loknag''' /lɔknakˀ/ [ɫɔx.nɐɣ]

	*: ''mip'' /mip/ [miɸ]		*: '''mip''' /mip/ = [miɸ]

	*: ''ztát'' /ʃtɑːt/ [ʃtɑːθ]		*: '''ztát''' /ʃtɑːt/ = [ʃtɑːθ]

	*: ''äkid'' /ɛkitˀ/ [ɛkið]		*: '''äkid''' /ɛkitˀ/ = [ɛkið]

	*: ''lokáb'' /lɔkɑːpˀ/ [ɫɔˈkɑːβ]		*: '''lokáb''' /lɔkɑːpˀ/ = [ɫɔˈkɑːβ]

	4. Following /i iː/, /k kˀ/ are realized as [ç ʝ], respectively.		4. Following /i iː/, /k kˀ/ are realized as [ç ʝ], respectively.

	*: ''egig'' /ekˀikˀ/, [ekˀiʝ]		*: '''egig''' /ekˀikˀ/ = [ekˀiʝ]

	*: ''tatik'' /tɐtik/, [tɐtiç]		*: '''tatik''' /tɐtik/ = [tɐtiç]

	5. /s/ is realized as [f] before [ɔ u]		5. /s/ is realized as [f] before [ɔ u]

	*: subu /supˀu/, [fupˀu]		*: '''subu''' /supˀu/ = [fupˀu]

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Kóði: /* Allophony */

2019-09-04T03:23:05Z

Allophony

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:23, 4 September 2019
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	*: ''ztunk'' /ʃtunx/ [ʃtuŋx]		*: ''ztunk'' /ʃtunx/ [ʃtuŋx]

	*: ''bangod'' /~~pˀɐnkˀɔd~~/ [pˀɐŋˀkˀɔð]		*: ''bangod'' /pˀankˀɔd/ [pˀɐŋˀkˀɔð]

	*: ''ljäsáng'' /ʎɛˈsɑːnkˀ/ [ʎɛˈsɑːŋɣ]		*: ''ljäsáng'' /ʎɛˈsɑːnkˀ/ [ʎɛˈsɑːŋɣ]
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	3. /p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ/ in coda position are realized as [ɸ θ x β ð ɣ], respectively.		3. /p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ/ in coda position are realized as [ɸ θ x β ð ɣ], respectively.

	*: ''loknag'' /~~lɔknɐkˀ~~/ [ɫɔx.nɐɣ]		*: ''loknag'' /lɔknakˀ/ [ɫɔx.nɐɣ]

	*: ''mip'' /mip/ [miɸ]		*: ''mip'' /mip/ [miɸ]
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	*: ''tatik'' /tɐtik/, [tɐtiç]		*: ''tatik'' /tɐtik/, [tɐtiç]

	5. /s/ is realized as [ɸ] before [ɔ u]		5. /s/ is realized as [f] before [ɔ u]

	*: subu /supˀu/, [fupˀu]		*: subu /supˀu/, [fupˀu]

Kóði: /* Allophony */

2018-11-30T06:39:03Z

Allophony

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:39, 30 November 2018
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	5. /s/ is realized as [ɸ] before [ɔ u]		5. /s/ is realized as [ɸ] before [ɔ u]

	*: subu /~~subu~~/, [fupˀu]		*: subu /supˀu/, [fupˀu]

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Kóði: /* Allophony */

2018-11-30T06:38:27Z

Allophony

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:38, 30 November 2018
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	1. /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before /k/ or /x/ and [ŋˀ] before /kˀ/, but [ŋ] before [ɣ].		1. /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before /k/ or /x/ and [ŋˀ] before /kˀ/, but [ŋ] before [ɣ].

	*: ''kunkuz'' [~~kuːŋkuːʃ~~]		*: ''kunkuz'' /kunkuʃ/ [kuŋkuʃ]

	*: ''ztunk'' [~~ʃtuːŋx~~]		*: ''ztunk'' /ʃtunx/ [ʃtuŋx]

	*: ''bangod'' [pˀɐŋˀkˀɔð]		*: ''bangod'' /pˀɐnkˀɔd/ [pˀɐŋˀkˀɔð]

	*: ''ljäsáng'' [ʎɛˈsɑːŋɣ]		*: ''ljäsáng'' /ʎɛˈsɑːnkˀ/ [ʎɛˈsɑːŋɣ]

	2. /n/ is realized as [m] before [ɔ uː p ɸ] and as [ɲ] before [i iː].		2. /n/ is realized as [m] before [ɔ uː p ɸ] and as [ɲ] before [i iː].

	*:''nikutlëz'' [~~ɲiˈku:tlɛʃ~~]		*:''nikutlëz'' /niˈkutlɛʃ/ [ɲiˈkutlɛʃ]

	*: ''mínot'' [ˈmiːmɔθ]		*: ''mínot'' /ˈmiːnɔt/ [ˈmiːmɔθ]

	*: ''gitätamp'' [kˀitɛtɐmɸ]

	3. /p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ/ in coda position are realized as [ɸ θ x β ð ɣ], respectively.		3. /p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ/ in coda position are realized as [ɸ θ x β ð ɣ], respectively.

	*: ''loknag'' [ɫɔx.nɐɣ]		*: ''loknag'' /lɔknɐkˀ/ [ɫɔx.nɐɣ]

	*: ''mip'' [miɸ]		*: ''mip'' /mip/ [miɸ]

	*: ''ztát'' [ʃtɑːθ]		*: ''ztát'' /ʃtɑːt/ [ʃtɑːθ]

	*: ''äkid'' [ɛkið]		*: ''äkid'' /ɛkitˀ/ [ɛkið]

	*: ''~~fub~~'' [~~ɸuːβ~~]		*: ''lokáb'' /lɔkɑːpˀ/ [ɫɔˈkɑːβ]

	4. Following /i iː/, /k kˀ/ are realized as [ç ʝ], respectively.		4. Following /i iː/, /k kˀ/ are realized as [ç ʝ], respectively.

	*: ''egig'' [ekˀiʝ]		*: ''egig'' /ekˀikˀ/, [ekˀiʝ]

			*: ''tatik'' /tɐtik/, [tɐtiç]

			5. /s/ is realized as [ɸ] before [ɔ u]

	*: ~~''tatik''~~ [~~tɐtiç~~]		*: subu /subu/, [fupˀu]

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Kóði: /* Orthography */

2018-11-15T07:33:08Z

Orthography

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:33, 15 November 2018
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	===Orthography===		===Orthography===

	Loshi uses a variant of the Latin Alphabet, and ~~with some exceptions, Loshi has a shallow orthography on par with Spanish~~.		Loshi uses a variant of the Latin Alphabet, standardized with inspirations from German and Hungarian.

	====Alphabet====		====Alphabet====

Kóði: /* Alphabet */

2018-11-15T07:32:18Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 15 November 2018
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	\| t \|\| Tá \|\| [t]		\| t \|\| Tá \|\| [t]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ú \|\| Ứ \|\| [uː]		\| u \|\| U \|\| [uː]
			\|-
	\| z \|\|Zani \|\| [ʃ]		\| z \|\|Zani \|\| [ʃ]
	\|-		\|-

Kóði: /* Alphabet */

2018-11-15T07:30:46Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 15 November 2018
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! Letter !! Name ~~!! Name IPA~~ !! IPA		! Letter !! Name !! IPA
	\|-		\|-
	\| a \|\| Ani ~~\|\| [ɐɲ]~~ \|\| [ɐ]		\| a \|\| Ani \|\| [ɐ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| b \|\| ~~Bani~~ \|\| [~~pˀɐɲ] \|\| [pˀ~~]		\| á \|\| Á \|\| [ɑː]
	\|-		\|-
	\| g \|\| ~~Gani~~ \|\| [~~kˀɐɲ] \|\| [kˀ~~]		\| b \|\| Bani \|\| [pˀ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| d \|\| ~~Däni~~ \|\| [~~tˀɛɲ] \|\| [tˀ~~]		\| g \|\| Gani \|\| [kˀ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| e \|\| ~~Eni~~ \|\| [~~eɲ] \|\| [e~~]		\| d \|\| Däni \|\| [tˀ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| i \|\| ~~Ini~~ \|\| [iɲ] \|\| [i]		\| e \|\| Eni \|\| [e]
			\|-
			\| é \|\| É \|\| [ɛː]
	\|-		\|-
	\| k \|\| ~~Kani~~ \|\| [~~kɐɲ] \|\| [k~~]		\| i \|\| Ini \|\| [i]
	\|-		\|-
	\| l \|\| ~~Laz~~ \|\| [~~ɫɐʃ] \|\| [ɫ~~]		\| í \|\| Í \|\| [iː]
	\|-		\|-
	\| n \|\| Ná \|\| [~~nɑː] \|\| [n~~]		\| k \|\| Kani \|\| [k]
	\|-		\|-
	\| m \|\|Má \|\| [~~mɑː] \|\|[m~~]		\| l \|\| Laz \|\| [ɫ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| o \|\| ~~Oni~~ \|\| [~~ɔɲ] \|\| [ɔ~~]		\| n \|\| Ná \|\| [n]
	\|-		\|-
	\| p \|\| Pá \|\| [~~pɑː] \|\| [p~~]		\| m \|\|Má \|\| [m]
	\|-		\|-
	\| s \|\| ~~Sani~~ \|\| [~~sɐɲ] \|\| [s~~]		\| o \|\| Oni \|\| [ɔ]
	\|-		\|-
	\| t \|\| Tá \|\| [~~tɑː] \|\| [t~~]		\| p \|\| Pá \|\| [p]
	\|-		\|-
	\| z \|\|~~Zani~~ \|\|[~~ʃɐɲ] \|\| [ʃ~~]		\| s \|\| Sani \|\| [s]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ä \|\| ~~Äni~~ \|\| [~~ɛɲ] \|\| [ɛ~~]		\| t \|\| Tá \|\| [t]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ë \|\| ~~Ëni~~ \|\| [ɛɲ] \|\| [ɛ]		\| ú \|\| Ứ \|\| [uː]
			\| z \|\|Zani \|\| [ʃ]
			\|-
			\| ä \|\| Äni \|\| [ɛ]
			\|-
			\| ë \|\| Ëni \|\| [ɛ]
	\|}		\|}

Kóði: /* Typology */

2018-11-15T07:23:11Z

Typology

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:23, 15 November 2018
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	===Typology===		===Typology===
	Loshi is a primarily agglutinative language with some synthetic tendencies. Nouns decline for 11 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Possessive, Instrumental), 3 numbers (Singular, Dual, and Plural), and can be either animate or inanimate. Animacy is primarily semantically based, however the semantic reasoning is not always intuitive to L2 speakers. ( ''okán'' "egg" is animate, but ''níoki'' "claw" is inanimate), and it can be used to distinguish meaning: ''äk'' can mean either "human, person, individual", or "body, corpse, cadaver" depending on whether it is declined as animate or inanimate. Verbs decline for aspect, mood, person, number, and animacy. Morphologically verbs behave in a very agglutinative fashion, with each category pairing with a single morpheme.		Loshi is a primarily agglutinative language with some synthetic tendencies. Nouns decline for 11 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Possessive, Instrumental), 3 numbers (Singular, Dual, and Plural), and can be either animate or inanimate. Animacy is primarily semantically based, however the semantic reasoning is not always intuitive to L2 speakers. (''okán'' "egg" is animate, but ''níoki'' "claw" is inanimate), and it can be used to distinguish meaning: ''äk'' can mean either "human, person, individual", or "body, corpse, cadaver" depending on whether it is declined as animate or inanimate. Verbs decline for aspect, mood, person, number, and animacy. Morphologically verbs behave in a very agglutinative fashion, with each category pairing with a single morpheme.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Kóði: /* Typology */

2018-11-15T07:22:54Z

Typology

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:22, 15 November 2018
Line 17:		Line 17:

	===Typology===		===Typology===
	Loshi is a primarily agglutinative language with some synthetic tendencies. Nouns decline for 11 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Possessive, Instrumental), 3 numbers (Singular, Dual, and Plural), and can be either animate or inanimate. Animacy is primarily semantically based, however the semantic reasoning is not always intuitive to L2 speakers. (~~ოკალნ~~ ''okán'' "egg" is animate, but ~~გნიჯოკ~~ ''níoki'' "claw" is inanimate), and it can be used to distinguish meaning: ~~ჯოკ~~ ''äk'' can mean either "human, person, individual", or "body, corpse, cadaver" depending on whether it is declined as animate or inanimate. Verbs decline for aspect, mood, person, number, and animacy. Morphologically verbs behave in a very agglutinative fashion, with each category pairing with a single morpheme.		Loshi is a primarily agglutinative language with some synthetic tendencies. Nouns decline for 11 cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Possessive, Instrumental), 3 numbers (Singular, Dual, and Plural), and can be either animate or inanimate. Animacy is primarily semantically based, however the semantic reasoning is not always intuitive to L2 speakers. ( ''okán'' "egg" is animate, but ''níoki'' "claw" is inanimate), and it can be used to distinguish meaning: ''äk'' can mean either "human, person, individual", or "body, corpse, cadaver" depending on whether it is declined as animate or inanimate. Verbs decline for aspect, mood, person, number, and animacy. Morphologically verbs behave in a very agglutinative fashion, with each category pairing with a single morpheme.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Kóði: /* Setting */

2018-11-15T07:21:38Z

Setting

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:21, 15 November 2018
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	===Setting===		===Setting===
	Loshi (Loshi: ~~Ëzi~~ /~~ɛʃi~~/) is a Locian language spoken primarily in Loshaithe (Loshi: Lëzéd /lɛˈʃɛːð/), being the official language of the country. It's closest relatives are its sister language Rozian, and its daughter language Irocian. Loshi is spoken by roughly 10-12 million people in Loshaith alone, with another 5 million speakers in its extended territories who use the language for business and commerce.		Loshi (Loshi: Lëzi /lɛʃi/) is a Locian language spoken primarily in Loshaithe (Loshi: Lëzéd /lɛˈʃɛːð/), being the official language of the country. It's closest relatives are its sister language Rozian, and its daughter language Irocian. Loshi is spoken by roughly 10-12 million people in Loshaith alone, with another 5 million speakers in its extended territories who use the language for business and commerce.

	===Typology===		===Typology===