Konukuian - Revision history

The Ramosian at 14:21, 19 April 2025

2025-04-19T14:21:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:21, 19 April 2025
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	Konikuian verbs can be analytically marked with particles to indicate aspect and mood.		Konikuian verbs can be analytically marked with particles to indicate aspect and mood.
	Below is a list of common Aspect, and Mood Markers		Below is a list of common Aspect, and Mood Markers
	*Perfective {{sc\|pref}} 'ulu, from OC 矣		* Perfective: {{sc\|pref}} ''ulu'', from OC {{lang\|och\|矣}}
	*Imperfective {{sc\|imperf}} 'o from OC 恆		* Imperfective: {{sc\|imperf}} ''ʻo'', from OC {{lang\|och\|恆}}
	*Infinitive {{sc\|inf}} lu, from OC 以		* Infinitive: {{sc\|inf}} ''lu'', from OC {{lang\|och\|以}}
	*Intentive {{sc\|int}} ka, from OC 將		* Intentive: {{sc\|int}} ''ka'', from OC {{lang\|och\|將}}
	*Present progressive {{sc\|pres.prog}} 'ua, from OC 于		* Present progressive: {{sc\|pres.prog}} ''ʻua'', from OC {{lang\|och\|于}}
	*Imperative {{sc\|imp}} a, from OC 做		* Imperative: {{sc\|imp}} ''a'', from OC {{lang\|och\|做}}
	*Prohibitive {{sc\|proh}} mo, from OC 毋		* Prohibitive: {{sc\|proh}} ''mo'', from OC {{lang\|och\|毋}}

	===Nouns===		===Nouns===
	===Pronouns===		===Pronouns===
			Konukuian has a set of personal pronouns that distinguish person and number, and show different forms depending on their grammatical function (subject, object, possessive). It also notably preserves a distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns, a feature less common in many modern Sinitic languages but attested in some Sinitic varieties and other Sino-Tibetan branches.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Personal pronouns		\|+Personal pronouns
	! colspan="3" rowspan="2" \|		! colspan="3" rowspan="2" \|
	! colspan="3" \|~~Case~~		! colspan="3" \|Function
	\|-		\|-
	!Nominative		!Subject Form<br/>(Nominative)
	!Genitive		!Possessive Form<br/>(Genitive)
	!Accusative		!Object Form<br/>(Accusative)
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="3" \|Singular		! rowspan="3" \|Singular
	(1)		(1)
	! colspan="2" \|1st		! colspan="2" \|1st (I)
	\|nā (吾)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nā}} ({{lang\|och\|吾}})
	\|nāko (吾之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nāko}} ({{lang\|och\|吾之}})
	\|ne (我)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ne}} ({{lang\|och\|我}})
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \|2nd		! colspan="2" \|2nd (you)
	\|nū (你)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nū}} ({{lang\|och\|你}})
	\|nūko (你之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nūko}} ({{lang\|och\|你之}})
	\|nē (汝)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nē}} ({{lang\|och\|汝}})
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \|3rd		! colspan="2" \|3rd (he/she/it)
	\|'ā (它)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ʻā}} ({{lang\|och\|它}})
	\|~~'īko~~ (伊之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ʻīko}} ({{lang\|och\|伊之}})
	\|'ī (伊)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ʻī}} ({{lang\|och\|伊}})
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="4" \|Plural		! rowspan="4" \|Plural
	(2+)		(2+)
	! rowspan="2" \|1st		! rowspan="2" \|1st (we)
	!incl.		!incl.<br/>(you & I)
	\|~~hi'a~~ (咱)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|hiʻa}} ({{lang\|och\|咱}})
	\|~~hi'a~~ ko (咱之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|hiʻa ko}} ({{lang\|och\|咱之}})
	\|~~nehi'a~~ (我咱)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nehiʻa}} ({{lang\|och\|我咱}})
	\|-		\|-
	!excl.		!excl.<br/>(I, not you)
	\|~~puli'a~~ (弗咱)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|puliʻa}} ({{lang\|och\|弗咱}})
	\|~~puli'a~~ ko (弗咱之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|puliʻa ko}} ({{lang\|och\|弗咱之}})
	\|~~punēli'a~~ (弗汝咱)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|punēliʻa}} ({{lang\|och\|弗汝咱}})
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \|2nd		! colspan="2" \|2nd (you plural)
	\|~~nū'u~~ (你等)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nūʻu}} ({{lang\|och\|你等}})
	\|~~nū'u~~ ko (你等之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nūʻu ko}} ({{lang\|och\|你等之}})
	\|~~nē'u~~ (汝等)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|nēʻu}} ({{lang\|och\|汝等}})
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \|3rd		! colspan="2" \|3rd (they)
	\|~~'āu~~ (它等)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ʻāu}} ({{lang\|och\|它等}})
	\|~~'āu~~ ko (它等之)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ʻāu ko}} ({{lang\|och\|它等之}})
	\|~~'īku~~ (伊等)		\|{{lang\|kkn\|ʻīku}} ({{lang\|och\|伊等}})
	\|}		\|}
			''Note: The distinction between subject, possessive, and object forms is similar to some patterns found in early Chinese and some modern Sinitic dialects, rather than a typical Indo-European case system. The possessive form is often constructed using the genitive particle ''ko'', possibly related to {{lang\|och\|之}}.''

	===Demonstratives===		===Demonstratives===

The Ramosian: /* Verbs */

2025-04-18T15:42:24Z

Verbs

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 Konukuian, like most Sinitic is an analytic language with [[w:Subject–verb–object word order|subject-verb–object]] word order.
 ===Verbs===
 ===Nouns===
 ===Pronouns===

The Ramosian: /* Grammar */

2025-04-18T15:23:46Z

Grammar

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 ===Nouns===
 ===Pronouns===
 ===Demonstratives===
 ===Articles===
 ==Vocabulary Comparison==
 Unlike a majority of Sinitic languages, a majority a Konukuian's vocabulary consists of at least two [[w:mora (linguistics)|moras]]. Many Konikuian words have cognates in other Chinese varieties. As compared to Mandarin, Konikuian prefer to use the monosyllabic form of words, without suffixes.

The Ramosian at 14:51, 18 April 2025

2025-04-18T14:51:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:51, 18 April 2025
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	Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a critically endangered language of the Sinitic language family that takes its name from [[w:Hawai'i\|Konuku]], the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.		Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a critically endangered language of the Sinitic language family that takes its name from [[w:Hawai'i\|Konuku]], the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
	==Name==		==Name==
	The ~~Konukuianm~~ language takes its name from the largest island in the Konukuian archipelago, Konuku. Linguists suggest it comes from Old Chinese 東島 /toːŋ/ /tuːwʔ/		The Konukuian language takes its name from the largest island in the Konukuian archipelago, Konuku. Linguists suggest it comes from Old Chinese 東島 /toːŋ/ /tuːwʔ/
	==Family and origin==		==Family and origin==
	Konukuian is a member of the Sinitic language family and is related to languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hokkien.		Konukuian is a member of the Sinitic language family and is related to languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hokkien.
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	{{Main\|w:Hawaiian phonology}}		{{Main\|w:Hawaiian phonology}}
	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
			Konukuian, like most Sinitic is an analytic language with [[w:Subject–verb–object word order\|subject-verb–object]] word order.
			===Verbs===
			===Nouns===
			===Pronouns===
			===Demonstratives===
			===Articles===
	==Vocabulary Comparison==		==Vocabulary Comparison==
	Unlike a majority of Sinitic languages, a majority a Konukuian's vocabulary consists of at least two [[w:mora (linguistics)\|moras]]. Many Konikuian words have cognates in other Chinese varieties. As compared to Mandarin, Konikuian prefer to use the monosyllabic form of words, without suffixes.		Unlike a majority of Sinitic languages, a majority a Konukuian's vocabulary consists of at least two [[w:mora (linguistics)\|moras]]. Many Konikuian words have cognates in other Chinese varieties. As compared to Mandarin, Konikuian prefer to use the monosyllabic form of words, without suffixes.
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	==Notes and References==		==Notes and References==
	[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]][[Category:Sinitic languages~~]][[Category:CHinese]~~]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:A posteriori]][[Category:Mimiconlangs]]		[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]][[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:A posteriori]][[Category:Mimiconlangs]]

The Ramosian at 14:44, 18 April 2025

2025-04-18T14:44:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 18 April 2025
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	\| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands\|Konuku]]		\| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands\|Konuku]]
	\| speakers = ~300		\| speakers = ~300
			\| date = 2007
	\| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan		\| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
	\| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan\|Sino-Tibetan]]		\| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan\|Sino-Tibetan]]
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	==Notes and References==		==Notes and References==
			[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]][[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:CHinese]]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:A posteriori]][[Category:Mimiconlangs]]

The Ramosian at 14:40, 18 April 2025

2025-04-18T14:40:42Z

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 | mapcaption2      = {{center|Hawaiian is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[w:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}}
 | pronunciation    = {{IPA|[koːnukuːnə]}}
 }}
 Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a critically endangered language of the Sinitic language family that takes its name from [[w:Hawai'i|Konuku]], the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
@@ Line 27: / Line 31: @@
 ==Grammar==
 ==Vocabulary Comparison==
 ==See Also==
 ==Notes and References==

The Ramosian at 14:01, 18 April 2025

2025-04-18T14:01:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, 18 April 2025
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	\| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands\|Konuku]]		\| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands\|Konuku]]
	\| speakers = ~300		\| speakers = ~300
	\| familycolor = Sino-~~Tibetian~~		\| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
	\| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan\|Sino-Tibetan]]		\| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan\|Sino-Tibetan]]
	\| fam3 = [[w:Sinitic\|Sinitic]]		\| fam3 = [[w:Sinitic\|Sinitic]]
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	\| script = {{ubl\|[[Latin script\|Latin]] ([[Hawaiian alphabet]])\|[[Hawaiian Braille]]}}		\| script = {{ubl\|[[Latin script\|Latin]] ([[Hawaiian alphabet]])\|[[Hawaiian Braille]]}}
	\| map2 = Lang Status 20-CR.svg		\| map2 = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
	\| mapcaption2 = {{center\|Hawaiian is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}}		\| mapcaption2 = {{center\|Hawaiian is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[w:UNESCO\|UNESCO]] ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger\|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}}
	\| pronunciation = {{IPA\|[koːnukuːnə]}}		\| pronunciation = {{IPA\|[koːnukuːnə]}}
	}}		}}
	Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a Sinitic language ~~spoken~~ in ~~Hawaii~~.		Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a critically endangered language of the Sinitic language family that takes its name from [[w:Hawai'i\|Konuku]], the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
			==Name==
			The Konukuianm language takes its name from the largest island in the Konukuian archipelago, Konuku. Linguists suggest it comes from Old Chinese 東島 /toːŋ/ /tuːwʔ/
			==Family and origin==
			Konukuian is a member of the Sinitic language family and is related to languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hokkien.
			==History==
			==Orthography==
			{{Main\|w:Hawaiian alphabet}}
			==Phonology==
			{{Main\|w:Hawaiian phonology}}
			==Grammar==
			==Vocabulary Comparison==
			==See Also==
			==Notes and References==

The Ramosian at 10:15, 17 April 2025

2025-04-17T10:15:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:15, 17 April 2025
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\| name = Konukuian		\| name = Konukuian
	\| nativename = {Kōnukūna		\| nativename = Kōnukūna
	\| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands\|Konuku]]		\| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands\|Konuku]]
	\| speakers = ~300		\| speakers = ~300
	\| familycolor = Sino-Tibetian		\| familycolor = Sino-Tibetian
	\| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan\|Sino-Tibetan]]		\| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan\|Sino-Tibetan]]
	\| fam3 = [[w:Sinitic\|Sinitic]]		\| fam3 = [[w:Sinitic\|Sinitic]]
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	\| pronunciation = {{IPA\|[koːnukuːnə]}}		\| pronunciation = {{IPA\|[koːnukuːnə]}}
	}}		}}
			Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a Sinitic language spoken in Hawaii.

The Ramosian: Created page with "{{Infobox language | name = Konukuian | nativename = {Kōnukūna | state = Konuku | speakers = ~300 | familycolor = Sino-Tibetian | fam2 = Sino-Tibetan | fam3 = Sinitic | fam4 = Chinese | ancestor = Proto-Sino-Tibetan | ancestor2 = Old Chinese | script = {{ub..."

2025-04-17T09:07:29Z

Created page with "{{Infobox language | name = Konukuian | nativename = {Kōnukūna | state = Konuku | speakers = ~300 | familycolor = Sino-Tibetian | fam2 = Sino-Tibetan | fam3 = Sinitic | fam4 = Chinese | ancestor = Proto-Sino-Tibetan | ancestor2 = Old Chinese | script = {{ub..."

New page

{{Infobox language
| name = Konukuian
| nativename = {Kōnukūna
| state = [[w:Hawaiian Islands|Konuku]]
| speakers = ~300
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetian
| fam2 = [[w:Sino-Tibetan|Sino-Tibetan]]
| fam3 = [[w:Sinitic|Sinitic]]
| fam4 = [[w:Chinese|Chinese]]
| ancestor = [[w:Proto-Sino-Tibetan|Proto-Sino-Tibetan]]
| ancestor2 = [[w:Old Chinese|Old Chinese]]
| script = {{ubl|[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Hawaiian alphabet]])|[[Hawaiian Braille]]}}
| map2 = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
| mapcaption2 = {{center|Hawaiian is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[koːnukuːnə]}}
}}