Koǧan - Revision history

Aquatiki: /* Pronouns */ v-> gw

2025-05-29T22:24:23Z

Pronouns: v-> gw

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 29 May 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! 2 !! Informal		! 2 !! Informal
	\| colspan="2" \| ~~vos~~ \|\| colspan="2" \| ~~vov~~ \|\| vèsce/vèsca/vèsces/vèscas \|\| -vos \|\| -vi		\| colspan="2" \| gwos \|\| colspan="2" \| gwov \|\| vèsce/vèsca/vèsces/vèscas \|\| -vos \|\| -vi
	\|-		\|-
	! 3 !! -		! 3 !! -

Aquatiki: /* Historical Timeline of the Koǧan Language */

2025-05-29T19:36:06Z

Historical Timeline of the Koǧan Language

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, 29 May 2025
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	''Linguistic Phase: Proto-Koǧan''		''Linguistic Phase: Proto-Koǧan''

	During this time, Koǧa was settled by Latin-speaking provincials from the eastern Mediterranean. The population likely included Jews resettled after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 CE). These settlers brought Latin, Koine Greek, Hebrew, and Classical education.		During this time, Koǧa was settled by African Latin-speaking provincials from the eastern Mediterranean. The population likely included Jews resettled after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 CE). These settlers brought Latin, Koine Greek, Hebrew, and Classical education.

	Key features:		Key features:
	* Early divergence from continental Vulgar Latin.		* Early divergence from continental Vulgar Latin.
	* Lexical influence from Koine Greek and Hebrew.		* Lexical influence from Koine Greek and Hebrew.
			** Hebrew influence seems to be mostly, liturgical and scholarly, but notice שוב "again".
			** Greek is major in the areas of philosophy, medicine, and theology.
			** The strands appear mixed, leading most scholars to conclude they were Hellenized Jews from the Aegean or Cyrenaica—areas that used Latin in official contexts but spoke Greek natively.
	* Syntactic conservatism due to Classical education and Hebraic influence.		* Syntactic conservatism due to Classical education and Hebraic influence.
	* Formation of a hybrid Latin variant: '''Proto-Koǧan'''.		* Formation of a hybrid Latin variant: '''Proto-Koǧan'''.
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	Key features:		Key features:
	* Extensive Arabic borrowing (~~philosophy~~, ~~medicine, jurisprudence~~, etc.).		* Extensive Arabic borrowing (jurisprudence, cooking, etc.).
	* Borrowings show adaptation to Koǧan phonotactics; lack of Arabic definite article ''al-''.		* Borrowings show adaptation to Koǧan phonotactics; lack of Arabic definite article ''al-''. Borrowings were filtered through writing and adapted into learned registers.
	* Use of Classical Arabic (''fuṣḥā'') over Maghrebi vernacular.		** Examples include xuk (market), roz (rice), mufada (pillow), etc.
			* Use of Classical Arabic (''fuṣḥā'') over Maghrebi vernacular, but still professional interactions predominated.
	* Koǧa as a translation hub (Latin, Arabic, Hebrew), fostering a trilingual elite.		* Koǧa as a translation hub (Latin, Arabic, Hebrew), fostering a trilingual elite.

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	''Linguistic Phase: Classical Koǧan''		''Linguistic Phase: Classical Koǧan''

	Caudia avoided full integration into the Christian Reconquista, instead passing between Genoese, Pisan, and Aragonese control. Muslim and Jewish institutions survived well beyond their suppression elsewhere.		Caudia avoided full integration into the Christian Reconquista, instead passing between Genoese, Pisan, and Aragonese control. Muslim and Jewish institutions survived well beyond their suppression elsewhere. Koǧa's status as a nominal vassal of Aragon, and the Treaty of Miǧan secured independence, but exacted a heavy toll.

	Key features:		Key features:
	* Koǧan became a lingua franca for interfaith communication.		* Koǧan became a lingua franca for interfaith communication.
	* Renewed Latin influence via ~~liturgical and~~ legal texts.		* Renewed Latin influence via legal texts.
	* Increased specialization of Arabic/Hebrew loanwords.		* Increased specialization of Arabic/Hebrew loanwords.
	* Formal registers of Koǧan emerge: '''Classical Koǧan'''.		* Formal registers of Koǧan emerge: '''Classical Koǧan''', which include Hebrew and Arabic alongside Latin in legal documents. A trilingual bureaucracy shaped Koǧan lexicon and calquing.

	=== IV. Early Modern Period and Koǧan Standardization (c. 1500–1800 CE) ===		=== IV. Early Modern Period and Koǧan Standardization (c. 1500–1800 CE) ===
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	* Diglossia between vernacular and elevated liturgical/literary forms.		* Diglossia between vernacular and elevated liturgical/literary forms.
	* Phonological hypercorrection among urban elites.		* Phonological hypercorrection among urban elites.
			* Importation of neo-Latin and Romance vocabulary from the mainland (both Catalan and Sardinian)
	* Legal and literary prose in Koǧan expanded.		* Legal and literary prose in Koǧan expanded.

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	* Standardized orthography and grammar.		* Standardized orthography and grammar.
	* Institutional support for Koǧan education and literature.		* Institutional support for Koǧan education and literature.
			** The Royal Academy slowly evolved into its current form, overseeing the language.
	* Literary revival of Koǧan poetry, especially in religious contexts.		* Literary revival of Koǧan poetry, especially in religious contexts.
			** This tends to favor Semitic over Latinate roots at times.
	* Expansion of vocabulary to include modern domains (science, politics, etc.).		* Expansion of vocabulary to include modern domains (science, politics, etc.).
			** The Royal Academy prefers constructing from Koğan roots, as opposed to importing neologisms.

	=== Summary Table ===		=== Summary Table ===

Aquatiki: /* Historical Background of Caudia */

2025-05-29T02:46:16Z

Historical Background of Caudia

Show changes

Aquatiki at 02:45, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T02:45:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:45, 29 May 2025
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	~~{{Construction}}~~
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Aspect !! Details		! Aspect !! Details

Aquatiki: /* Sound Changes */ spelling reform

2025-05-28T16:51:38Z

Sound Changes: spelling reform

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 28 May 2025
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	* V[bdg]V -> V[vðh]V (not written for ð)		* V[bdg]V -> V[vðh]V (not written for ð)
	* V[ptk]V -> V[bdg]V		* V[ptk]V -> V[bdg]V
	* medial kw -> xw		* medial kw (Latin qu) -> hw
	* initial and ~~medial~~ ß -> gw		* initial and intervocalic ß (latin v)-> gw

	Cluster		Cluster

Aquatiki: /* Verbs */

2025-05-27T22:50:57Z

Verbs

@@ Line 237: / Line 237: @@
 == Verbs ==
 * -ar class -> active, from -āre, e.g. kantar 'to sing'
 * -èr class -> active, from -ēre, e.g. temer 'to fear'
@@ Line 299: / Line 306: @@
 * Present participle: kantanto (used adjectivally)
 * Perfect participle: kantat
 == Grammar ==

Aquatiki: /* Verbs */ gender!

2025-05-27T21:57:27Z

Verbs: gender!

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:57, 27 May 2025
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	* -òr class -> mediopassive, from -or, e.g. moròr 'to die', lavòr 'to bathe (oneself)'. Amazingly, new verbs enter this category, such as ''umidékor'' "to get wet"		* -òr class -> mediopassive, from -or, e.g. moròr 'to die', lavòr 'to bathe (oneself)'. Amazingly, new verbs enter this category, such as ''umidékor'' "to get wet"

	For -ar, present indicative active: -o, -as, -a, -am, -ac, -an.		For -ar, present indicative active: -o, -as, -a(zh), -am, -ac, -an.
	-èr is -o, -ès, -è, -èm, -èc, -èm.		-èr is -o, -ès, -è(zh), -èm, -èc, -èm.
	-ir is -o, -is, -i, -im, -ic, -im.		-ir is -o, -is, -i(zh), -im, -ic, -im.
	-òr is -o, -us, -u, -um, -uc, -um. -ò- appears in other stems.		-òr is -o, -us, -u(zh), -um, -uc, -um. -ò- appears in other stems.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Person !! Present !! Imperfect !! Preterite !! Synthetic Future !! Periphrastic Future		! Person !! Present !! Imperfect !! Preterite !! Synthetic Future !! Periphrastic Future
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1sg \|\| kanto \|\| kantèva \|\| ~~kantè~~ \|\| ~~kantarè~~ \|\| ~~avjo~~ kantar		\| 1sg \|\| kanto \|\| kantèva \|\| kantê \|\| kantarê \|\| avo kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2sg \|\| kantas \|\| kantèvas \|\| ~~kantàs~~ \|\| ~~kantaràs~~ \|\| ~~avjas~~ kantar		\| 2sg \|\| kantas \|\| kantèvas \|\| kantás \|\| kantarás \|\| avas kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~3sg~~ \|\| kanta \|\| kantèva \|\| ~~kantà~~ \|\| ~~kantarà~~ \|\| ~~avja~~ kantar		\| 3f \|\| kanta \|\| kantèva \|\| kantá \|\| kantará \|\| ava kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~1pl~~ \|\| ~~kantam~~ \|\| ~~kantèvam~~ \|\| ~~kantam~~ \|\| ~~kantarèm~~ \|\| ~~avjam~~ kantar		\| 3m \|\| kantazh \|\| kantèvazh \|\| kantázh \|\| kantarázh \|\| avazh kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~2pl~~ \|\| ~~kantac~~ \|\| ~~kantèvac~~ \|\| ~~kantac~~ \|\| ~~kantarèc~~ \|\| ~~avjac~~ kantar		\| 1pl \|\| kantam \|\| kantèvam \|\| kantam \|\| kantarèm \|\| avam kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3pl \|\| kantan \|\| kantèvan \|\| kantàron \|\| kantaràn \|\| ~~avjan~~ kantar		\| 2pl \|\| kantac \|\| kantèvac \|\| kantac \|\| kantarèc \|\| avac kantar
			\|-
			\| 3pl \|\| kantan \|\| kantèvan \|\| kantàron \|\| kantaràn \|\| avan kantar
	\|}		\|}

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	\| 2sg \|\| kantjes \|\| kantèses \|\| volrias kantar		\| 2sg \|\| kantjes \|\| kantèses \|\| volrias kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~3sg~~ \|\| kantje \|\| kantèse \|\| volria kantar		\| 3f \|\| kantje \|\| kantèse \|\| volria kantar
			\|-
			\| 3m \|\| kantjezh \|\| kantèsezh \|\| volriazh kantar
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1pl \|\| kantjem \|\| kantèsem \|\| volriam kantar		\| 1pl \|\| kantjem \|\| kantèsem \|\| volriam kantar
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	\|}		\|}

			Imper.
	* 2sg: kanta!		* 2sg: kanta!
	* 2pl: kantac!		* 2pl: kantac!

Aquatiki: /* Pronouns */ typo

2025-05-26T16:09:16Z

Pronouns: typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 26 May 2025
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	\|-		\|-
	! 3 !! -		! 3 !! -
	\| èls \|\| colspan="2" \| los \|\| lis \|\| lor/lar/lors/lars \|\| -~~las~~ \|\| lis		\| èls \|\| colspan="2" \| los \|\| lis \|\| lor/lar/lors/lars \|\| -les \|\| lis
	\|-		\|-
	! Both !! 2 !! Formal		! Both !! 2 !! Formal

Aquatiki: typo

2025-05-26T04:10:55Z

typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:10, 26 May 2025
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	* Romance initial ''f-'' is preserved, e.g. ''fīlium'' > ''fillo'' ('son', Sp. ''hijo'', Cat. ''fill'', Pt. ''filho'').		* Romance initial ''f-'' is preserved, e.g. ''fīlium'' > ''fillo'' ('son', Sp. ''hijo'', Cat. ''fill'', Pt. ''filho'').
	* ''cl-'', ''fl-'', ''pl-'' are never preserved, becoming ''zh-'', ''x-'', ''br-''.		* ''cl-'', ''fl-'', ''pl-'' are never preserved, becoming ''zh-'', ''x-'', ''br-''.
	* Romance palatal approximant (''ge-'', ''gi-'', ''i-'') consistently became medieval [ʒ], ~~unlikely~~ medieval Catalan and Portuguese.		* Romance palatal approximant (''ge-'', ''gi-'', ''i-'') consistently became medieval [ʒ], unlike medieval Catalan and Portuguese.
	* Romance groups ''-lt-'', ''-ct-'' result in [jt], e.g. ''factum'' > ''fèjto'' ('done', Sp. ''hecho'', Cat. ''fet'', Gal./Port. ''feito''), ''multum'' > ''mwito'' ('many, much', Sp. ''mucho'', Cat. ''molt'', Gal. ''moito'', Port. ''muito'').		* Romance groups ''-lt-'', ''-ct-'' result in [jt], e.g. ''factum'' > ''fèjto'' ('done', Sp. ''hecho'', Cat. ''fet'', Gal./Port. ''feito''), ''multum'' > ''mwito'' ('many, much', Sp. ''mucho'', Cat. ''molt'', Gal. ''moito'', Port. ''muito'').
	* Romance groups ''-x-'', ''-ps-'', ''scj-'' result in voiceless palatal fricative '''sj'' [ʃ], e.g. ''coxu'' > ''koxo'' ('crippled', Sp. cojo, Cat. coix), ''ipse'' > ''èxe'', ''scientia'' > ''exènca''.		* Romance groups ''-x-'', ''-ps-'', ''scj-'' result in voiceless palatal fricative '''sj'' [ʃ], e.g. ''coxu'' > ''koxo'' ('crippled', Sp. cojo, Cat. coix), ''ipse'' > ''èxe'', ''scientia'' > ''exènca''.

Aquatiki: spelling update

2025-05-17T23:35:26Z

spelling update

@@ Line 295: / Line 295: @@
 * Perfect participle: kantat
-== Vocab ==
+== Grammar ==
-* mèǧ - middle
+SVO, except in formal register VSO
 == Sound Changes ==
@@ Line 411: / Line 365: @@
 | Italian || Salute e Benedizione Apostolica.  Una volta suscitata la brama di cose nuove, che da tempo turba la società, era quasi inevitabile che gli animi degli uomini si volgessero a nuove idee: ne è derivato che, da una parte, coloro che possedevano ricchezze le rivendicassero come un loro diritto, non soggetto in nulla alla legge divina o umana; dall’altra, che i lavoratori, oppressi dalla miseria e da una condizione più dura, cercassero unicamente di liberarsi completamente da tale servitù. Ciò li ha spinti, anche contro la loro volontà, ad abbracciare quelle opinioni e quei progetti che vengono comunemente chiamati socialismo; poiché è più facile persuadere le loro menti che tali ricchezze, accumulate con iniquità e ingiustizia, possano essere distribuite in comune, così da giovare, secondo la loro parte, a coloro che nulla possiedono.  Ma tutte queste proposte dei socialisti, benché a prima vista sembrino allettanti, non dimostrano altro che ragionamenti falsi e inefficaci per il fine che si propongono; anzi, tali rimedi sono di gran lunga peggiori dei mali che pretendono di sanare.
 |-
-| Kodzjan || Salut i Benedikzho Apostòlik.  Una gwedata despertat al xok de kosas nwèvas, kwe fa tèm agita la soxedat, èra kwazi inegwitabile kwe las animas dals òmes se gwolvòsen verz unas idèzhas nwevas:
+| Kodzjan || Salut i Benedikzhon Apostòlika.  Una gwegada despertat al xok de kosas nwèvas, kwe fa tèm agita la soxedat, èra kwazi inegwitabile kwe las animas dals òmes se gwolvòsen verz unas idèzhas nwevas:
 |}
 # [[Koǧan/Swadesh]]
 {{Aquatiki}}