Ish - Revision history

Prinsessa: /* Syntax */ .ash-column

2023-08-08T11:58:15Z

Syntax: .ash-column

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:58, 8 August 2023
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	Particles and determiners are both clitics that attach to the preceding word and may change its exact form or even surface merely as a change in stress. They are therefore romanised as part of the word to which they are attached. Roots therefore appear to have many allomorphs depending on the grammatical context.		Particles and determiners are both clitics that attach to the preceding word and may change its exact form or even surface merely as a change in stress. They are therefore romanised as part of the word to which they are attached. Roots therefore appear to have many allomorphs depending on the grammatical context.

	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-columns">
			<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|nẽɱo qayi}}		\|phrase={{ash\|nẽɱo qayi}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|nĩŋi qayí}}		\|phrase={{ash\|nĩŋi qayí}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	~~<div style="clear: both">~~</div>		</div>

	This also happens to verbs.		This also happens to verbs.

	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-columns">
			<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|attayáti dow}}		\|phrase={{ash\|attayáti dow}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|attayáti dayyi}}		\|phrase={{ash\|attayáti dayyi}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	~~<div style="clear: both">~~</div>		</div>

	Note also that these two examples showcase an impersonal verb with different syntactic requirements than a regular verb.		Note also that these two examples showcase an impersonal verb with different syntactic requirements than a regular verb.
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	Another example is the following minimal pair:		Another example is the following minimal pair:

	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-columns">
			<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|attayáti}}		\|phrase={{ash\|attayáti}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|attayatí}}		\|phrase={{ash\|attayatí}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	~~<div style="clear: both">~~</div>		</div>

Prinsessa: /* Syntax */

2023-08-08T11:57:24Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 8 August 2023
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	The basic word order in sentences with a pronominal participant is VOS (verb-object-subject) where the object is preceded by a particle expressing whether it is direct or indirect, the latter also requiring a prefix on the verb.		The basic word order in sentences with a pronominal participant is VOS (verb-object-subject) where the object is preceded by a particle expressing whether it is direct or indirect, the latter also requiring a prefix on the verb.

	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-columns">
			<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|daci dayyi}}		\|phrase={{ash\|daci dayyi}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	<div ~~style~~="~~float: left~~">		<div class="ash-column">
	{{gloss		{{gloss
	\|phrase={{ash\|addoȹo dayyi}}		\|phrase={{ash\|addoȹo dayyi}}
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	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>
	~~<div style="clear: both">~~</div>		</div>

	Particles and determiners are both clitics that attach to the preceding word and may change its exact form or even surface merely as a change in stress. They are therefore romanised as part of the word to which they are attached. Roots therefore appear to have many allomorphs depending on the grammatical context.		Particles and determiners are both clitics that attach to the preceding word and may change its exact form or even surface merely as a change in stress. They are therefore romanised as part of the word to which they are attached. Roots therefore appear to have many allomorphs depending on the grammatical context.

Prinsessa: /* Syntax */ Entered by the fire

2023-08-08T11:46:56Z

Syntax: Entered by the fire

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:46, 8 August 2023
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	\|IPA=[ˈat̚.tɒ.bᶭɒ ˈtaj.ji]		\|IPA=[ˈat̚.tɒ.bᶭɒ ˈtaj.ji]
	\|gloss=NDIR-enter=NDIR fire=PROX		\|gloss=NDIR-enter=NDIR fire=PROX
	\|translation=I ~~went towards~~ the fire.		\|translation=I entered by the fire.
	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>

Prinsessa: /* Syntax */ NDIR not involuntary

2023-08-08T11:45:23Z

Syntax: NDIR not involuntary

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:45, 8 August 2023
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	===Syntax===		===Syntax===

	The basic word order in sentences with a pronominal participant is VOS (verb-object-subject) where the object is preceded by a particle expressing whether it is direct or indirect, the latter ~~sometimes~~ also ~~expressing involuntary action, and~~ requiring a prefix on the verb.		The basic word order in sentences with a pronominal participant is VOS (verb-object-subject) where the object is preceded by a particle expressing whether it is direct or indirect, the latter also requiring a prefix on the verb.

	<div style="float: left">		<div style="float: left">
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	\|IPA=[ˈat̚.tɒ.bᶭɒ ˈtaj.ji]		\|IPA=[ˈat̚.tɒ.bᶭɒ ˈtaj.ji]
	\|gloss=NDIR-enter=NDIR fire=PROX		\|gloss=NDIR-enter=NDIR fire=PROX
	\|translation=I ~~fell into~~ the fire.		\|translation=I went towards the fire.
	}}		}}
	</div>		</div>

Prinsessa: /* Lenition, fortition, and nasalisation */ Missing //

2023-08-08T10:58:04Z

Lenition, fortition, and nasalisation: Missing //

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 8 August 2023
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	<div style="clear: both"></div>		<div style="clear: both"></div>

	The aspirates {{IPA\|/tˢ/}} and {{IPA\|kˣ}} are not affected by nasalisation but reduce to pure fricatives {{IPA\|[s]}} and {{IPA\|[x]}} medially except in the onset of a stressed syllable.		The aspirates {{IPA\|/tˢ/}} and {{IPA\|/kˣ/}} are not affected by nasalisation but reduce to pure fricatives {{IPA\|[s]}} and {{IPA\|[x]}} medially except in the onset of a stressed syllable.

	===Labiovelar ligatures and palatalisation===		===Labiovelar ligatures and palatalisation===

Prinsessa: /* Phonology */ Syllable structure

2023-08-08T10:54:45Z

Phonology: Syllable structure

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 8 August 2023
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	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

	Ish has a small phonemic inventory but allows consonant clusters. The maximum syllable structure is {{IPA\|/~~CɰVCɰ~~/}}. Stress is phonemic and falls on the first syllable unless otherwise marked (by an acute accent, e.g. {{ash\|á}}) in the romanisation.		Ish has a small phonemic inventory but allows consonant clusters. The maximum syllable structure is {{IPA\|/CɰVCCɰ/}}. Stress is phonemic and falls on the first syllable unless otherwise marked (by an acute accent, e.g. {{ash\|á}}) in the romanisation.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Prinsessa: /* Introduction */ pl has => have

2023-08-08T10:54:15Z

Introduction: pl has => have

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 8 August 2023
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

	'''Ish''' is the anglicised exonym of a language mostly spoken around coastal areas. Its speakers are in close contact with speakers of [[Ash]], who are relative newcomers to the area, but this dates back many centuries and has led to a great deal of cultural and linguistic exchange between the two. Going back many millennia the languages are in fact related through [[Proto-Ash-Ish]] but speakers were separated until recently. Most speakers of either language ~~has~~ at least some degree of familiarity with the other, and pidgin forms exist.		'''Ish''' is the anglicised exonym of a language mostly spoken around coastal areas. Its speakers are in close contact with speakers of [[Ash]], who are relative newcomers to the area, but this dates back many centuries and has led to a great deal of cultural and linguistic exchange between the two. Going back many millennia the languages are in fact related through [[Proto-Ash-Ish]] but speakers were separated until recently. Most speakers of either language have at least some degree of familiarity with the other, and pidgin forms exist.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Prinsessa: /* Lenition, fortition, and nasalisation */

2023-08-04T10:54:18Z

Lenition, fortition, and nasalisation

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 4 August 2023
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	</div>		</div>
	<div style="clear: both"></div>		<div style="clear: both"></div>

			The aspirates {{IPA\|/tˢ/}} and {{IPA\|kˣ}} are not affected by nasalisation but reduce to pure fricatives {{IPA\|[s]}} and {{IPA\|[x]}} medially except in the onset of a stressed syllable.

	===Labiovelar ligatures and palatalisation===		===Labiovelar ligatures and palatalisation===

Prinsessa: /* Consonants */

2023-08-04T10:52:17Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 4 August 2023
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	\|-		\|-
	! Aspirate		! Aspirate
	\| {{IPA\|/tˢ~s/}}<br />{{ash\|t}}		\| {{IPA\|/tˢ/}}<br />{{ash\|t}}
	\| {{IPA\|/kˣ~x/}}<br />{{ash\|q}}		\| {{IPA\|/kˣ/}}<br />{{ash\|q}}
	\|-		\|-
	! Sonorant		! Sonorant
	\| {{IPA\|/l~ɾ/}}<br />{{ash\|l~d}}		\| {{IPA\|/l~ɾ/}}<br />{{ash\|l~d}}
	\| {{IPA\|/ɰ~~~w~j~~/}}<br />{{ash\|w~y}}		\| {{IPA\|/ɰ/}}<br />{{ash\|w~y}}
	\|}		\|}

Prinsessa: /* Consonants */

2023-08-04T10:52:01Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 4 August 2023
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	\|-		\|-
	! Plosive		! Plosive
	\| {{IPA\|/t~ɾ/}}<br />{{ash\|d}}		\| {{IPA\|/t/}}<br />{{ash\|d}}
	\| {{IPA\|/k/}}<br />{{ash\|c}}		\| {{IPA\|/k/}}<br />{{ash\|c}}
	\|-		\|-