Is Burunking - Revision history

Psammead: /* Consonants */

2021-07-29T11:29:54Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 29 July 2021
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	! style="width: 68px; " \|Bilabial		! style="width: 68px; " \|Bilabial
	! style="width: 68px; " \|Alveolar		! style="width: 68px; " \|Alveolar
	~~! style="width: 68px; " \|Post-alveolar~~
	~~! style="width: 68px; " \|Retroflex~~
	! style="width: 68px; " \|Palatal		! style="width: 68px; " \|Palatal
	! style="width: 68px; " \|Velar		! style="width: 68px; " \|Velar
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	! style="" \|Nasal		! style="" \|Nasal
	\|      m		\|      m
	\|      n		\|      n
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|      ŋ		\|      ŋ
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	\| t    d		\| t    d
	\|		\|
			\| k    g
	\|		\|
			\|-
			! style="" \|Sibilant
			\|
			\| s
			\| ɕ    ʑ
	\|		\|
	~~\| k    g~~		\|
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	! style="" \|Fricative		! style="" \|Fricative
	\| ɸ		\| ɸ
	\| ~~s     ~~		\|
	\| ~~ʃ  ~~ ~~  ~~		\| ç
	~~\|      ʐ~~
	~~\| ç~~
	\|		\|
	\| h		\| h
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	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\| ~~t͡ʃ~~    ~~d͡ʒ~~		\| t͡ɕ    d͡ʑ
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|		\|
	\|      ɾ		\|      ɾ
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	! style="" \|Approximant		! style="" \|Approximant
	\|      w		\|      w
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|      j		\|      j
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	\|-		\|-
	! style="" \|Lateral app.		! style="" \|Lateral app.
			\|
	\|      l		\|      l
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|}		\|}

	Consonants generally do not occur in clusters, with some exceptions (see [[#Phonotactics\|Phonotactics]] below). Any consonant except a fricative may occur as a geminate word-internally.		Consonants generally do not occur in clusters, with some exceptions (see [[#Phonotactics\|Phonotactics]] below). Any consonant except a fricative may occur as a geminate word-internally.

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Sware: Updating infobox

2021-07-06T15:28:50Z

Updating infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 6 July 2021
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	\|name = Is Burunking		\|name = Is Burunking
	\|nativename = Is		\|nativename = Is
	\|pronunciation = [is]		\|pronunciation = is
	\|creator = Neil Whalley		\|creator = Neil Whalley
	\|~~region~~ = ~~Burung~~		\|setting = North Atlantic ocean
	\|states = Burung		\|states = Burung
	\|nation = Burung		\|nation = Burung
	~~\|speakers = ?~~
	~~\|date =~~
	\|familycolor = Isolate		\|familycolor = Isolate
	\|~~script~~ = [[w:Latin script\|Latin script]] ~~<br/>~~ Hookozoi		\|scripts = * [[w:Latin script\|Latin script]]
			* Hookozoi
	}}		}}

Psammead: /* Hypocoristics */

2021-07-03T10:49:17Z

Hypocoristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:49, 3 July 2021
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	* '''buyachi''' names are often		* '''buyachi''' names are often

	=====Hypocoristics=====		=====''Hypocoristics''=====
	Hypocoristics or nicknames are common in Is Burunking. There are no clear rules for their formation, but they are generally shortened versions of childhood or adult names. They also rarely include long vowels or diphthongs.		Hypocoristics or nicknames are common in Is Burunking. There are no clear rules for their formation, but they are generally shortened versions of childhood or adult names. They also rarely include long vowels or diphthongs.

Psammead: /* Adult Names */

2021-07-03T10:48:33Z

Adult Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 3 July 2021
Line 1,167:		Line 1,167:
	* '''acchi''' names are more commonly associated with battle, physical strength and bravery. Male animals like ''heeng'' and ''esang'' are almost exclusively used for males, as are other masculine forms like ''andosh'' "lord".		* '''acchi''' names are more commonly associated with battle, physical strength and bravery. Male animals like ''heeng'' and ''esang'' are almost exclusively used for males, as are other masculine forms like ''andosh'' "lord".
	* '''buyachi''' names are often		* '''buyachi''' names are often

			=====Hypocoristics=====
			Hypocoristics or nicknames are common in Is Burunking. There are no clear rules for their formation, but they are generally shortened versions of childhood or adult names. They also rarely include long vowels or diphthongs.

			The shortened form may be purely a section of a longer name, commonly taken from the middle of the name so that it overlaps separate elements, though frequently the choice is merely a matter of preference. E.g. ''Izizoi → Zizo, Zizoi, Izi, Endazibya → Dazi, Endaz''. Frequently, such names will undergo anomalous changes, such as voicing of plosives or altering sounds, e.g. ''Hekyuto → Gyudo, Azambeng → Zambu, Zama, Jambe, Shambe''.

			Reduplication of a syllable is especially common in childhood names, in female names and in pet names but is often considered demeaning in the wrong context. Any part of the name may be reduplicated and the syllable may be repeated exactly or undergo ablaut. E.g. ''Beuto → Bebe, Bebo; Oijing → Jiji, Jiju, Lujito → Lulu, Lula''. Names or syllables beginning with a vowel will often reduplicate the consonant at the beginning of the word, e.g. ''Oijing → Joji, Odaazang → Doda''.

	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Conlangs]]		[[Category:Conlangs]]

Nicomega: /* Adult Names */

2021-02-08T14:23:06Z

Adult Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:23, 8 February 2021
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	* '''acchi''' names are more commonly associated with battle, physical strength and bravery. Male animals like ''heeng'' and ''esang'' are almost exclusively used for males, as are other masculine forms like ''andosh'' "lord".		* '''acchi''' names are more commonly associated with battle, physical strength and bravery. Male animals like ''heeng'' and ''esang'' are almost exclusively used for males, as are other masculine forms like ''andosh'' "lord".
	* '''buyachi''' names are often		* '''buyachi''' names are often

			[[Category:Languages]]
			[[Category:Conlangs]]

Psammead: /* Orthography */

2019-10-09T15:32:20Z

Orthography

@@ Line 182: / Line 182: @@
 ===Orthography===
 Is Burunking was originally written in a syllabary called ''hookozoi'', mainly carved into wood or, occasionally, stone.
 When the language was initially discovered by Europeans the Greek alphabet was used in its transcription, but later studies preferred to use the Latin script, which is still used today.
-{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"
 ! style="width: 90px; " |Graph
 ! style="width: 90px; "  |IPA
@@ Line 290: / Line 357: @@
 |}
 In word or syllable initial position the sequences ''ii, uu'' are written ''yi, wu''. The glide /j/ is always written ''y'' but /w/ is written ''u'' following a consonant and ''w'' syllable initially.
 ==Grammar==

Psammead: /* Adult Names */

2019-10-08T19:53:23Z

Adult Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:53, 8 October 2019
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	Adult names are conferred as part of the series of rites that initiate a child into adulthood. They are usually composed of two elements, which are symbolic of an individual's qualities and expected role in society. The two elements are always combined into a single word, but they may or may not make sense as a unit. For example, the name ''Endazibya'' above is derived from ''endaz'' "strength, power" and ''ibya'' "river", and may be interpreted as a whole meaning "power of a river".		Adult names are conferred as part of the series of rites that initiate a child into adulthood. They are usually composed of two elements, which are symbolic of an individual's qualities and expected role in society. The two elements are always combined into a single word, but they may or may not make sense as a unit. For example, the name ''Endazibya'' above is derived from ''endaz'' "strength, power" and ''ibya'' "river", and may be interpreted as a whole meaning "power of a river".

	There is effectively no restriction to the elements that may be used to create a given name, but there are general themes to words used and certain common elements. The elements may be nouns or adjectives.		There is effectively no restriction to the elements that may be used to create a given name, but there are general themes to words used and certain common elements. The elements may be nouns or adjectives and in most cases there is no restriction on the order in which they appear.

	* '''Topographical features:''' ''binji'' "mountain", ''ibya'' "river", ''eshayo'' "sea", ''laze'' "meadow"		* '''Topographical features:''' ''binji'' "mountain", ''ibya'' "river", ''eshayo'' "sea", ''laze'' "meadow"
	* '''Celestial:''' ''xaz'' "star", ''urushi'' "sky", ''yori'' "rain", ''oi'' "sun", ''oje'' "cloud", ''ye'' "moon", ''yai'' "wind", ''ibung'' "day", ''ba'' "night", ''nibu'' "winter", ''oda'' "summer"		* '''Celestial:''' ''xaz'' "star", ''urushi'' "sky", ''yori'' "rain", ''oi'' "sun", ''oje'' "cloud", ''ye'' "moon", ''yai'' "wind", ''ibung'' "day", ''ba'' "night", ''nibu'' "winter", ''oda'' "summer"
	* '''People:''' ''andosh'' "lord", ''andez'' "lady"		* '''People:''' ''andosh'' "lord", ''andez'' "lady"
	* '''Animals:''' ''heuji'' "horse", ''osho'' "wolf", ''heeng'' "bull", ''azang'' "eagle", ''erei'' "bee", ''uruho'' "dove", ''iji'' "ox"		* '''Animals:''' ''heuji'' "horse", ''osho'' "wolf", ''heeng'' "bull", ''azang'' "eagle", ''erei'' "bee", ''uruho'' "dove", ''iji'' "ox", ''esang'' "stallion"
	* '''Other:''' ''fu'' "fire", ''xing'' "oath, promise"		* '''Other:''' ''fu'' "fire", ''xing'' "oath, promise"
	* '''Adjectives:''' ''dedez'' "beautiful, handsome", ''enji'' "great, large", ''furi'' "white, pure", ''funuz'' "wise", ''eregi'' "bright", ''laxa'' "calm, peaceful, gentle", ''xakong'' "deep", ''ong'' "good", ''goz'' "hard", ''beng'' "solemn", ''heni'' "careful, vigilant"		* '''Adjectives:''' ''dedez'' "beautiful, handsome", ''enji'' "great, large", ''furi'' "white, pure", ''funuz'' "wise", ''eregi'' "bright", ''laxa'' "calm, peaceful, gentle", ''xakong'' "deep", ''ong'' "good", ''goz'' "hard", ''beng'' "solemn", ''heni'' "careful, vigilant"

	In some communities it is common for all children to the same parents or the same mother to have one element of their name in common. ~~This is often~~ a ~~topographical feature (~~''~~ibya~~'' ~~"river"~~, ''~~binji~~'' ~~"mountain")~~, ~~an animal (~~''~~furi~~'' ~~"bird"~~, ''~~heuji~~'' ~~"horse")~~ or ~~a quality (~~''~~furi~~'' ~~"white"~~, ''~~funuz~~'' "~~wise~~").		In some communities it is common for all children to the same parents or the same mother to have one element of their name in common. For example, a group of siblings may be called '''''Azang'''enji'', ''Oda'''azang''''', ''Nibu'''azang''''', '''''Azam'''funuz'' and '''''Azam'''beng''.

			There are no clear distinctions made between masculine, feminine or ''iriji'' names. Semantically, certain elements are more common for certain genders:
			* '''acchi''' names are more commonly associated with battle, physical strength and bravery. Male animals like ''heeng'' and ''esang'' are almost exclusively used for males, as are other masculine forms like ''andosh'' "lord".
			* '''buyachi''' names are often

Psammead: /* Personal Names */

2019-10-05T17:26:10Z

Personal Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 5 October 2019
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	Burunking personal names consist of a '''family name''' (''aaxeng'') and a '''given name''' (''xeng''). Family names are derived from an individual's clan and remain the same throughout a person's life. Given names consist of two types: a) a childhood name conferred by parents at birth or early childhood (''ayaxeng''), and b) an adult name conferred at puberty by community elders (''xensho'').		Burunking personal names consist of a '''family name''' (''aaxeng'') and a '''given name''' (''xeng''). Family names are derived from an individual's clan and remain the same throughout a person's life. Given names consist of two types: a) a childhood name conferred by parents at birth or early childhood (''ayaxeng''), and b) an adult name conferred at puberty by community elders (''xensho'').

	=====Family Names=====		=====''Family Names''=====
	Family names are generally derived from the name of the ''amasho'' (female ancestor) of a clan, usually with one of the suffixes ''-eng'', ''-iri'', ''-ko'', ''-zoi'' and, rarely, ''-daz''. For example, a descendant of ''Endazibya'' might be called ''Endazibyeng'' or ''Endazibiri''. More often, a hypocoristic form of the name is used, e.g. ''Endashiri'' or ''Daziko''.		Family names are generally derived from the name of the ''amasho'' (female ancestor) of a clan, usually with one of the suffixes ''-eng'', ''-iri'', ''-ko'', ''-zoi'' and, rarely, ''-daz''. For example, a descendant of ''Endazibya'' might be called ''Endazibyeng'' or ''Endazibiri''. More often, a hypocoristic form of the name is used, e.g. ''Endashiri'' or ''Daziko''.

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	Family names are not changed on marriage. Children will usually adopt the name of their mother.		Family names are not changed on marriage. Children will usually adopt the name of their mother.

	=====Childhood Names=====		=====''Childhood Names''=====
	Childhood names are usually affectionate, descriptive names indicating some physical characteristic or quality. For example, a child born with dark hair or complexion might be called ''Beuto'' "little dark one", a fair child might be called ''Oijing'' "like the sun", a happy child might be called ''Izizoi'' "fond of smiling". To western ears some of these names might seem rude or uncouth, denoting apparently negative or embarrassing features according to our own standards, e.g. ''Ishuno'' "little blind one", ''Beretteng'' "big ears", ''Xabeuno'' "little pot belly". There are few taboos concerning such names, except where they are deemed to confer bad luck or are considered to diminish the status of the family. A handful of words are not considered appropriate, e.g. ''dedez'' "beautiful, handsome" is used only of adults.		Childhood names are usually affectionate, descriptive names indicating some physical characteristic or quality. For example, a child born with dark hair or complexion might be called ''Beuto'' "little dark one", a fair child might be called ''Oijing'' "like the sun", a happy child might be called ''Izizoi'' "fond of smiling". To western ears some of these names might seem rude or uncouth, denoting apparently negative or embarrassing features according to our own standards, e.g. ''Ishuno'' "little blind one", ''Beretteng'' "big ears", ''Xabeuno'' "little pot belly". There are few taboos concerning such names, except where they are deemed to confer bad luck or are considered to diminish the status of the family. A handful of words are not considered appropriate, e.g. ''dedez'' "beautiful, handsome" is used only of adults.

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	Once a child has reached adulthood and undergone the relevant rites, it is considered rude to refer to a person by their childhood name, except for close family members and close friends. In some cases an individual will forego their childhood name entirely.		Once a child has reached adulthood and undergone the relevant rites, it is considered rude to refer to a person by their childhood name, except for close family members and close friends. In some cases an individual will forego their childhood name entirely.

	=====Adult Names=====		=====''Adult Names''=====
	Adult names are conferred as part of the series of rites that initiate a child into adulthood. They are usually composed of two elements, which are symbolic of an individual's qualities and expected role in society. The two elements are always combined into a single word, but they may or may not make sense as a unit. For example, the name ''Endazibya'' above is derived from ''endaz'' "strength, power" and ''ibya'' "river", and may be interpreted as a whole meaning "power of a river".		Adult names are conferred as part of the series of rites that initiate a child into adulthood. They are usually composed of two elements, which are symbolic of an individual's qualities and expected role in society. The two elements are always combined into a single word, but they may or may not make sense as a unit. For example, the name ''Endazibya'' above is derived from ''endaz'' "strength, power" and ''ibya'' "river", and may be interpreted as a whole meaning "power of a river".

			There is effectively no restriction to the elements that may be used to create a given name, but there are general themes to words used and certain common elements. The elements may be nouns or adjectives.

			* '''Topographical features:''' ''binji'' "mountain", ''ibya'' "river", ''eshayo'' "sea", ''laze'' "meadow"
			* '''Celestial:''' ''xaz'' "star", ''urushi'' "sky", ''yori'' "rain", ''oi'' "sun", ''oje'' "cloud", ''ye'' "moon", ''yai'' "wind", ''ibung'' "day", ''ba'' "night", ''nibu'' "winter", ''oda'' "summer"
			* '''People:''' ''andosh'' "lord", ''andez'' "lady"
			* '''Animals:''' ''heuji'' "horse", ''osho'' "wolf", ''heeng'' "bull", ''azang'' "eagle", ''erei'' "bee", ''uruho'' "dove", ''iji'' "ox"
			* '''Other:''' ''fu'' "fire", ''xing'' "oath, promise"
			* '''Adjectives:''' ''dedez'' "beautiful, handsome", ''enji'' "great, large", ''furi'' "white, pure", ''funuz'' "wise", ''eregi'' "bright", ''laxa'' "calm, peaceful, gentle", ''xakong'' "deep", ''ong'' "good", ''goz'' "hard", ''beng'' "solemn", ''heni'' "careful, vigilant"

	In some communities it is common for all children to the same parents or the same mother to have one element of their name in common. This is often a topographical feature (''ibya'' "river", ''binji'' "mountain"), an animal (''furi'' "bird", ''heuji'' "horse") or a quality (''furi'' "white", ''funuz'' "wise").		In some communities it is common for all children to the same parents or the same mother to have one element of their name in common. This is often a topographical feature (''ibya'' "river", ''binji'' "mountain"), an animal (''furi'' "bird", ''heuji'' "horse") or a quality (''furi'' "white", ''funuz'' "wise").

Psammead: /* Vocabulary */

2019-10-05T11:24:26Z

Vocabulary

@@ Line 888: / Line 888: @@
 ==Vocabulary==
 ====Verbal Roots====
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
@@ Line 1,037: / Line 1,038: @@
-{| class="wikitable" width="1000px;" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
+{| class="wikitable" width="100%;" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
 |-
-| width="250px;" | || width="250px;" | || width="250px;"  | || style="background: pink;" width="250px;"  | ''nanaba'' <br /> <small> great-grandmother</small> <br /> ''waraapa'' <br /> <small> great-grandfather</small>
+| width="25%;" | || width="25%;" | || width="25%;"  | || style="background: pink;" width="25%;"  | ''nanaba'' <br /> <small> great-grandmother</small> <br /> ''waraapa'' <br /> <small> great-grandfather</small>
 |-
 | || || style="background: pink;" | ''ashoba'' <br /> <small>grandmother</small> <br /> ''araapa'' <br /> <small>grandfather</small>
@@ Line 1,062: / Line 1,063: @@
+|
 |}

Psammead: /* Verbal Roots */

2019-10-03T12:54:52Z

Verbal Roots

@@ Line 963: / Line 963: @@
 | '''SHI''' || think, consider, regard; view; judge, measure || ''ishi'' || ''ishii''
 |}
 ====Kinship Terms====