Hirathic - Revision history

Sware at 18:40, 5 July 2021

2021-07-05T18:40:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:40, 5 July 2021
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	\|name = Hirathic		\|name = Hirathic
	\|nativename = [[w:Greek alphabet\|ΧΙΡΑΘΙΣ]]<br/> hirathis		\|nativename = [[w:Greek alphabet\|ΧΙΡΑΘΙΣ]]<br/> hirathis
	\|pronunciation = [χiˈɾaθis]		\|pronunciation = χiˈɾaθis
	\|region = Eurasia		\|region = Eurasia
	\|~~states~~ =		\|setting = Mediterranean basin
	\|~~nation~~ =		\|era = 1000–400 BCE
	~~\|speakers = -~~
	~~\|date = 2013~~
	\|familycolor = Indo-European		\|familycolor = Indo-European
	\|~~fam1~~ = ~~[[w:Indo-European_languages\|Indo-European]]~~		\|clcr = qhi
	\|~~fam2~~ = ~~(unclassified) (?)~~		\|script1 = Latn
	\|~~iso1 = hi~~		\|script2 = Grek
	~~\|iso2 = hi~~		\|creator=User:Chrysophylax
	~~\|iso3~~ = ~~qhi~~
	\|~~script~~ = ~~[[w:Latin script\|Latin]], [[w~~:~~Greek alphabet\|Greek]]~~
	~~\|agency =~~
	}}		}}

Sware: AWB, replaced: {{c| → {{term| (12)

2021-04-26T13:56:29Z

AWB, replaced: {{c| → {{term| (12)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:56, 26 April 2021
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	Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].		Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].
	====Aspect====		====Aspect====
	Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{c\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{c\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{c\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{c\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective, a situation not unlike the modern Slavic verbal system.		Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{term\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{term\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{term\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{term\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective, a situation not unlike the modern Slavic verbal system.

	====Mood====		====Mood====
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	Some examples:		Some examples:

	: {{c\|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning.		: {{term\|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning.
	: {{c\|δαϝοτυς}} ''davotus'' 'priest of a particular god', from '''dáwátus''' 'lighter of the flame'		: {{term\|δαϝοτυς}} ''davotus'' 'priest of a particular god', from '''dáwátus''' 'lighter of the flame'
	: {{c\|φεθαχς}} ''phethax'' 'axe-bearer, bodyguard', from '''fexa''' 'axe'		: {{term\|φεθαχς}} ''phethax'' 'axe-bearer, bodyguard', from '''fexa''' 'axe'
	: {{c\|nωθη}} ''nōthē'' 'the Ocean', from '''nōthē''' of the same meaning.		: {{term\|nωθη}} ''nōthē'' 'the Ocean', from '''nōthē''' of the same meaning.
	: {{c\|θηθυψ}} ''thēthups'' 'temple', from '''sēdhuf''' of the same meaning.		: {{term\|θηθυψ}} ''thēthups'' 'temple', from '''sēdhuf''' of the same meaning.
	: {{c\|ϝυχοτυς}} ''vuχotus'' 'orator', from '''wuhkotus''' 'who makes speech'.		: {{term\|ϝυχοτυς}} ''vuχotus'' 'orator', from '''wuhkotus''' 'who makes speech'.
	: {{c\|ϝυναχς}} ''vunax'' 'poet', from '''wuhnako''' 'who has speech as a profession', from '''wuhko''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'		: {{term\|ϝυναχς}} ''vunax'' 'poet', from '''wuhnako''' 'who has speech as a profession', from '''wuhko''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'
	: {{c\|νωναθηι}} ''nōnathēi'' 'fisherman' from '''nōnathē''' 'who has the sea as a profession', from '''nōthē''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'		: {{term\|νωναθηι}} ''nōnathēi'' 'fisherman' from '''nōnathē''' 'who has the sea as a profession', from '''nōthē''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'

	==Language sample==		==Language sample==

Chrysophylax: Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

2017-01-20T02:32:36Z

Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:32, 20 January 2017
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	<!-- Categories -->		<!-- Categories -->
	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:~~Conlangs~~]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Indo-European languages]]		[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
	[[Category:A posteriori]]		[[Category:A posteriori]]

Chrysophylax: /* Nouns */

2014-10-05T12:53:38Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 5 October 2014
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	===Nouns===		===Nouns===
	~~{\| class="graytable"~~
	\|-
	~~!!!singular!!dual!!plural~~
	\|-
	~~!nominative~~
	~~\|δαϝοτυς\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτηι~~
	\|-
	~~!vocative~~
	~~\|δαϝοτε\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτηι~~
	\|-
	~~!accusative~~
	~~\|δαϝοτυν\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτηνς~~
	\|-
	~~!genitive~~
	~~\|δαϝοτυι\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτων~~
	\|-
	~~!ablative~~
	~~\|δαϝοτη\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτυμος~~
	\|-
	~~!dative~~
	~~\|δαϝοτη\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτυβος~~
	\|-
	~~!instrumental~~
	~~\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτωι~~
	\|-
	~~!locative~~
	~~\|δαϝοτει\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτοχυ~~
	\|-
	\|}

	===Adjectives===		===Adjectives===

Chrysophylax: /* Aspect */

2014-02-24T02:39:20Z

Aspect

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:39, 24 February 2014
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	Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].		Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].
	====Aspect====		====Aspect====
	Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{c\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{c\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{c\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{c\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective.		Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{c\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{c\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{c\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{c\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective, a situation not unlike the modern Slavic verbal system.

	====Mood====		====Mood====
	====Voice====		====Voice====

Chrysophylax: /* Grammar */

2014-02-24T02:33:54Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:33, 24 February 2014
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	===Adjectives===		===Adjectives===
	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
			Verbs are highly inflected in Hirathic, similar to many other older Indo-European languages such as Latin, Sanskrit, Old Irish, or Old Church Slavonic. A student of any of the aforementioned languages will surely recognise many similarities between them and Hirathic. Like their relatives, the Hirathic verbs inflect or conjugate for person (1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>), number (singular, plural), tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
			====Tense====
			Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].
			====Aspect====
			Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{c\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{c\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{c\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{c\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective.
			====Mood====
			====Voice====
	===Syntax===		===Syntax===
	===Compounding===		===Compounding===

Chrysophylax: /* Notes on transcription */

2014-02-24T01:44:31Z

Notes on transcription

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:44, 24 February 2014
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	<!-- dev. IE > Balk~Med~Anat? dispers. insul~mount? båda? exp. doric syn aeol++. thrac,illyr,dac, loanvortes(?) paleo-balkan, periph. centum dial. -->		<!-- dev. IE > Balk~Med~Anat? dispers. insul~mount? båda? exp. doric syn aeol++. thrac,illyr,dac, loanvortes(?) paleo-balkan, periph. centum dial. -->

	===Notes on transcription===		<!-- ===Notes on transcription===
	<s>		<s>
	Transcribing Hirathic to the Latin alphabet is usually straightforward as Hirathic uses an older variant of the Greek alphabet. The only problem to this is the treatment of Χ, χ.		Transcribing Hirathic to the Latin alphabet is usually straightforward as Hirathic uses an older variant of the Greek alphabet. The only problem to this is the treatment of Χ, χ.
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	TODO romanization in writing system		TODO romanization in writing system
			-->

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

Chrysophylax: /* Internal history */

2014-02-24T00:07:15Z

Internal history

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:07, 24 February 2014
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	===Internal history===		===Internal history===
	dev. IE > Balk~Med~Anat? dispers. insul~mount? båda? exp. doric syn aeol++. thrac,illyr,dac, loanvortes(?) paleo-balkan,		Hirathic is descended from a centum dialect of the Proto-Indo-European language. Not much is known about its origins although there have been attempts to link it with the Illyrian languages, Phrygian, and Greek. While sharing several common sound changes with Greek, it displays many oddities which preclude it from being firmly set in a Hellenic family. What is known is that Hirathic of some sort was spoken around the first millenium BCE to the late fourth century BCE in the Balkans and Southern Italy before being overtaken by Greek and Latin.
	periph. centum dial. ~		<!-- dev. IE > Balk~Med~Anat? dispers. insul~mount? båda? exp. doric syn aeol++. thrac,illyr,dac, loanvortes(?) paleo-balkan, periph. centum dial. -->

	===Notes on transcription===		===Notes on transcription===

Chrysophylax: /* Nouns */

2014-02-23T23:57:54Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:57, 23 February 2014
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	\|-		\|-
	!accusative		!accusative
	\|δαϝοτυν\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|~~δαϝοτην~~		\|δαϝοτυν\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτηνς
	\|-		\|-
	!genitive		!genitive

Chrysophylax: /* Nouns */

2014-02-23T23:54:04Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:54, 23 February 2014
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	\|-		\|-
	!nominative		!nominative
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτυς\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτηι
	\|-		\|-
	!vocative		!vocative
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτε\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτηι
	\|-		\|-
	!accusative		!accusative
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτυν\|\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτην
	\|-		\|-
	!genitive		!genitive
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτυι\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτων
	\|-		\|-
	!ablative		!ablative
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτη\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτυμος
	\|-		\|-
	!dative		!dative
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτη\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτυβος
	\|-		\|-
	!instrumental		!instrumental
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτω\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτωι
	\|-		\|-
	!locative		!locative
	\| \|\| \|\|		\|δαϝοτει\|\|δαϝοτωι\|\|δαϝοτοχυ
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:56, 26 April 2021
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	Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].		Hirathic has three primary time distinctions: the present ({{sc\|pres}}), the past ({{sc\|past}}), and the future ({{sc\|fut}}). While the present and the past are inherited straight from Proto-Indo-European, the origin of the future tense, formed by affixing '''-s''' to the stem, is probably a shared innovation from Late PIE, cf. Latin [[wiktionary:faxo\|faxo]].
	====Aspect====		====Aspect====
	Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{c\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{c\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{c\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{c\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective, a situation not unlike the modern Slavic verbal system.		Verbs are innately either perfect ({{sc\|perf}}) or imperfective({{sc\|ipfv}}) in aspect. To switch between these two aspects, most verbs demand a suffixation or a stem vowel change. Some verbs that have a bound preposition usually belong to a specific aspect, e.g., {{term\|εχσειμι}} (''ekseimmi'') is perfective, derived from the union of the preposition {{term\|εχς}} ‘out’ and {{term\|ειμι}} ‘I go’, an imperfective verb, while the verb {{term\|αθακαουθωμι}} (''āthākā́outhōmi'') ‘I listen anew, repeatedly’ is imperfective, a situation not unlike the modern Slavic verbal system.

	====Mood====		====Mood====
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	Some examples:		Some examples:

	: {{c\|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning.		: {{term\|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning.
	: {{c\|δαϝοτυς}} ''davotus'' 'priest of a particular god', from '''dáwátus''' 'lighter of the flame'		: {{term\|δαϝοτυς}} ''davotus'' 'priest of a particular god', from '''dáwátus''' 'lighter of the flame'
	: {{c\|φεθαχς}} ''phethax'' 'axe-bearer, bodyguard', from '''fexa''' 'axe'		: {{term\|φεθαχς}} ''phethax'' 'axe-bearer, bodyguard', from '''fexa''' 'axe'
	: {{c\|nωθη}} ''nōthē'' 'the Ocean', from '''nōthē''' of the same meaning.		: {{term\|nωθη}} ''nōthē'' 'the Ocean', from '''nōthē''' of the same meaning.
	: {{c\|θηθυψ}} ''thēthups'' 'temple', from '''sēdhuf''' of the same meaning.		: {{term\|θηθυψ}} ''thēthups'' 'temple', from '''sēdhuf''' of the same meaning.
	: {{c\|ϝυχοτυς}} ''vuχotus'' 'orator', from '''wuhkotus''' 'who makes speech'.		: {{term\|ϝυχοτυς}} ''vuχotus'' 'orator', from '''wuhkotus''' 'who makes speech'.
	: {{c\|ϝυναχς}} ''vunax'' 'poet', from '''wuhnako''' 'who has speech as a profession', from '''wuhko''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'		: {{term\|ϝυναχς}} ''vunax'' 'poet', from '''wuhnako''' 'who has speech as a profession', from '''wuhko''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'
	: {{c\|νωναθηι}} ''nōnathēi'' 'fisherman' from '''nōnathē''' 'who has the sea as a profession', from '''nōthē''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'		: {{term\|νωναθηι}} ''nōnathēi'' 'fisherman' from '''nōnathē''' 'who has the sea as a profession', from '''nōthē''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession'

	==Language sample==		==Language sample==