Hantza/Phonology - Revision history

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Consonant phonemes */

2014-08-30T17:25:00Z

Consonant phonemes

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:25, 30 August 2014
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	Note that		Note that the phoneme /g/ is missing in the plosive series.
	the phoneme /g/ is missing in the plosive series.

	Those consonants that exhibit allophony are discussed below.		Those consonants that exhibit allophony are discussed below.

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Consonant phonemes */

2014-08-30T17:24:40Z

Consonant phonemes

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 30 August 2014
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			Note that
			the phoneme /g/ is missing in the plosive series.

	Those consonants that exhibit allophony are discussed below.		Those consonants that exhibit allophony are discussed below.

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Vocalic allophony */

2014-08-30T17:16:20Z

Vocalic allophony

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 ==Vocalic allophony==
-In most dialects, with the exception of /a/, vowels do not undergo reduction when unstressed; /a/ is phonetically [ä] when stressed and [ɐ] when unstressed. The remaining four vowels /i, u, e, o/ are usually realised as [ɪ, ʉ, ɛ, ɔ].
+In most dialects, including the Karakum, vowels are realised qualitatively different when unstressed.
 {{Hantza}}

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Consonant phonemes */

2014-08-30T17:07:08Z

Consonant phonemes

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 30 August 2014
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			Those consonants that exhibit allophony are discussed below.

	==Consonantal allophony==		==Consonantal allophony==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Liquids */

2014-08-30T17:04:15Z

Liquids

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 30 August 2014
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	===Liquids===		===Liquids===
	The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects\|cross-dialectically]]~~. This~~ could be one of [ɹ ~ ɾ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. The pronunciation of /r/ can also differ idiosyncratically from the dialectal norm.		The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects\|cross-dialectically]]; this could be one of [ɹ ~ ɾ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. The pronunciation of /r/ can also differ idiosyncratically from the dialectal norm.

	As with the glottal /h/, the rhotic phoneme /r/ is also often labialised before the vowels /o, u/.		As with the glottal /h/, the rhotic phoneme /r/ is also often labialised before the vowels /o, u/.

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Vowel phonemes */

2014-08-30T17:03:11Z

Vowel phonemes

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 30 August 2014
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	==Vowel phonemes==		==Vowel phonemes==
	Hantza's vowel inventory is a simple five-vowel system, similar to that of many modern languages, such as Greek and Swahili~~. Vowel length is not phonemic in Hantza and there are no diphthongs~~.		Hantza's vowel inventory is a simple five-vowel system, similar to that of many modern languages, such as Greek and Swahili.

	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"
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	\| colspan="2"\| a		\| colspan="2"\| a
	\|}		\|}

			Vowel length is not phonemic in Hantza and there are no diphthongs.

	==Vocalic allophony==		==Vocalic allophony==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Liquids */

2014-08-30T17:02:14Z

Liquids

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 30 August 2014
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	The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects\|cross-dialectically]]. This could be one of [ɹ ~ ɾ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. The pronunciation of /r/ can also differ idiosyncratically from the dialectal norm.		The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects\|cross-dialectically]]. This could be one of [ɹ ~ ɾ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. The pronunciation of /r/ can also differ idiosyncratically from the dialectal norm.

	~~The~~ rhotic phoneme is also often labialised before the vowels /o, u/.		As with the glottal /h/, the rhotic phoneme /r/ is also often labialised before the vowels /o, u/.

	The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and is a clear [l] elsewhere.		The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and is a clear [l] elsewhere.

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Fricatives */

2014-08-30T17:01:43Z

Fricatives

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 30 August 2014
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	In Hantza, /s/ is typically realised as the retracted [s̠]. This phonetic value is similar to that found in some northern dialects of [[w:Dutch language\|Dutch]]. To English speakers it may sound like it is actually the post-alveolar fricative [ʃ]. Indeed, for many speakers /s/ is realised as [ɕ] before /i/. Similarly, for these /ts/ also becomes [tɕ] before in the same environment.		In Hantza, /s/ is typically realised as the retracted [s̠]. This phonetic value is similar to that found in some northern dialects of [[w:Dutch language\|Dutch]]. To English speakers it may sound like it is actually the post-alveolar fricative [ʃ]. Indeed, for many speakers /s/ is realised as [ɕ] before /i/. Similarly, for these /ts/ also becomes [tɕ] before in the same environment.

	The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below.		The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below:

	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 264px; text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 264px; text-align:center;"
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	\|}		\|}

			Note that despite /h/ being referred to as "glottal" it most often not glottal phonetically.

	===Liquids===		===Liquids===

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán: /* Consonantal allophony */

2014-08-30T17:00:31Z

Consonantal allophony

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 30 August 2014
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	==Consonantal allophony==		==Consonantal allophony==
	===~~Nasals~~===		===Fricatives===
	~~Nasals~~		In Hantza, /s/ is typically realised as the retracted [s̠]. This phonetic value is similar to that found in some northern dialects of [[w:Dutch language\|Dutch]]. To English speakers it may sound like it is actually the post-alveolar fricative [ʃ]. Indeed, for many speakers /s/ is realised as [ɕ] before /i/. Similarly, for these /ts/ also becomes [tɕ] before in the same environment.

	~~===Plosives===~~		The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below.
	~~Plosives~~

	~~===Fricatives===~~
	~~In Hantza,~~ /s/ is ~~typically~~ realised as the ~~retracted [s̠] and, for many speakers,~~ it ~~is realised as [ɕ] before /i/~~. ~~Similarly, /ts/ may become [tɕ] before /i/~~.

	~~The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below:~~
	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 264px; text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 264px; text-align:center;"
	! style="width: 66px; " \|		! style="width: 66px; " \|
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	\|}		\|}

	===~~Affricates~~===		===Liquids===
	~~Affricates~~		The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects\|cross-dialectically]]. This could be one of [ɹ ~ ɾ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. The pronunciation of /r/ can also differ idiosyncratically from the dialectal norm.

	~~===Approximants===~~		The rhotic phoneme is also often labialised before the vowels /o, u/.
	~~Approximants~~

	~~===Liquids===~~
	The ~~single~~ rhotic ~~in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations but these differ according to [[/Dialects\|dialect]]: [ɾ ~ ɹ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. It~~ is also often labialised before /o, u/.

	The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and as a clear [l] elsewhere.		The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and is a clear [l] elsewhere.

	==Vowel phonemes==		==Vowel phonemes==

Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán at 16:41, 30 August 2014

2014-08-30T16:41:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 30 August 2014
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	:''See also: [[Hantza/Alphabet\|Hantza alphabet]]''		:''See also: [[Hantza/Alphabet\|Hantza alphabet]]''

	This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of [[Hantza]] and the statements made herein refer to the [[Hantza/Dialects#Karakum\|Karakum]] dialect as this includes around 53% of native Hantza speakers. For specific traits of other dialects see [[Hantza/Dialects\|Hantza dialects]]. Likewise [[Hantza/Prosody\|prosody]] is dealt with in a separate article.		This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of [[Hantza]] and the statements made herein refer to the [[Hantza/Dialects#Karakum\|Karakum]] dialect as this includes around 53% of native Hantza speakers. For specific traits of other dialects see [[Hantza/Dialects\|Hantza dialects]]. Likewise, [[Hantza/Prosody\|prosody]] is dealt with in a separate article.

	==Consonant phonemes==		==Consonant phonemes==