Gaju - Revision history

Jukethatbox at 21:48, 20 November 2023

2023-11-20T21:48:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 20 November 2023
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	\|name = Gaju		\|name = Gaju
	\|nativename = Gaju		\|nativename = Gaju
	\|pronunciation = ['kä˩cu˥]		\|pronunciation = 'kä˩cu˥
	\|region = Southeast Asia		\|region = Southeast Asia
	\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki		\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki
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	\|fam2 = South Rttirrian		\|fam2 = South Rttirrian
	\|fam3 = [[Old Gaju]]		\|fam3 = [[Old Gaju]]
	\|~~script~~ = [[w:Latin script\|Latin]] (unofficially), Rttirri		\|scripts = [[w:Latin script\|Latin]] (unofficially), Rttirri
	}}		}}
	'''Gaju''' (English: /'gɑːd͡ʒuː/, Gaju: ['kä˩cu˥], [[Rttirri]]: [ˈkɑcu]) is a minority language in [[Verse:Rttirria\|Rttirria]], spoken by the Gaju people in the eastern part of the country. It is a member of the Rttirrian language family, descended from the Proto-South-Rttirrian langauge that is also the ancestor of modern [[Rttirri]], the nation's official language.		'''Gaju''' (English: /'gɑːd͡ʒuː/, Gaju: ['kä˩cu˥], [[Rttirri]]: [ˈkɑcu]) is a minority language in [[Verse:Rttirria\|Rttirria]], spoken by the Gaju people in the eastern part of the country. It is a member of the Rttirrian language family, descended from the Proto-South-Rttirrian langauge that is also the ancestor of modern [[Rttirri]], the nation's official language.

Frrurtu: /* History */

2017-02-24T01:32:52Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:32, 24 February 2017
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	==History==		==History==
	~~{{main\|~~Old Gaju}}		:''See also: [[Proto-Rttirrian]] and [[Old Gaju]]''
	Gaju is a member of the South Rttirrian branch of the Rttirrian language family of [[w:Southeast Asia\|Southeast Asia]]; the dialects of Proto-South-Rttirrian that would become Gaju split off from those that would become Rttirri around the 3rd to 5th century CE, probably in southeastern Rttirria.		Gaju is a member of the South Rttirrian branch of the Rttirrian language family of [[w:Southeast Asia\|Southeast Asia]]; the dialects of Proto-South-Rttirrian that would become Gaju split off from those that would become Rttirri around the 3rd to 5th century CE, probably in southeastern Rttirria.

Frrurtu at 08:21, 19 February 2017

2017-02-19T08:21:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:21, 19 February 2017
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	\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki		\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki
	\|setting = Rttirria		\|setting = Rttirria
	\|speakers =		\|speakers = 928,000
			\|date = 2015
	\|fam1 = Rttirrian		\|fam1 = Rttirrian
	\|fam2 = South Rttirrian		\|fam2 = South Rttirrian

Frrurtu: /* See also */

2017-02-19T05:04:02Z

Frrurtu: typos

2017-02-19T04:21:39Z

typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:21, 19 February 2017
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	Pronouns are traditionally considered grammatically necessary, but, like in Japanese and other East and Southeast Asian languages, may be left out when obvious by context.		Pronouns are traditionally considered grammatically necessary, but, like in Japanese and other East and Southeast Asian languages, may be left out when obvious by context.

	:~~Syem~~-í nam ge do-tang.		:Syâm-í nam ge do-tang.
	:store-LOC PERF 3SG.ACC PST-find		:store-LOC PERF 3SG.ACC PST-find
	:(I) found him at the store.		:(I) found him at the store.
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	===Relative and independent clauses===		===Relative and independent clauses===
	Relative particles are marked with the particle ''~~ùùtyu~~'', which can be declined for case.		Relative particles are marked with the particle ''ợtyu'', which can be declined for case.

	:Dáng demo ma ợtyu-'''ge''' na bu-pịpu?		:Dáng demo ma ợtyu-'''ge''' na bu-pịpu?

Frrurtu at 19:43, 15 February 2017

2017-02-15T19:43:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:43, 15 February 2017
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	\|name = Gaju		\|name = Gaju
	\|nativename = Gaju		\|nativename = Gaju
	\|pronunciation = ['~~gäɟu~~]		\|pronunciation = ['kä˩cu˥]
	\|region = Southeast Asia		\|region = Southeast Asia
	\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki		\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki

Frrurtu: /* Pronouns */

2017-02-15T03:29:05Z

Pronouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:29, 15 February 2017
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	\| ''di''		\| ''di''
	\|}		\|}

			Pronouns are traditionally considered grammatically necessary, but, like in Japanese and other East and Southeast Asian languages, may be left out when obvious by context.

			:Syem-í nam ge do-tang.
			:store-LOC PERF 3SG.ACC PST-find
			:(I) found him at the store.

	Genitive pronouns follow the nouns they modify. The third-person singular plural is a recent innovation, derived from ''fòkom'' ("there").		Genitive pronouns follow the nouns they modify. The third-person singular plural is a recent innovation, derived from ''fòkom'' ("there").

Frrurtu: /* Urban Gaju */

2017-02-15T03:22:40Z

Urban Gaju

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:22, 15 February 2017
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	* Merger of /h/ into /x/.		* Merger of /h/ into /x/.
	* Significant flattening of the tone system, especially the higher tones; the high and rising tones, and the low and falling tones, may be merged altogether. Younger speakers, men, and Gajus with weaker ethnic identification show more deteriorated tone systems.		* Significant flattening of the tone system, especially the higher tones; the high and rising tones, and the low and falling tones, may be merged altogether. Younger speakers, men, and Gajus with weaker ethnic identification show more deteriorated tone systems.
	* Greater use of the female third-person singular pronoun ''hni'', including its inflected forms, which are often realized as ''hning'' (accusative) and ''~~hnim~~'' (genitive) instead of ''hni ke'' and ''hni fóm''. Younger speakers will often suffix noun phrases referring to women or girls with these pronouns, which has convinced some Gaju scholars that Urban Gaju is taking on a [[w:grammatical gender\|grammatical gender]] system.		* Greater use of the female third-person singular pronoun ''hni'', including its inflected forms, which are often realized as ''hning'' (accusative) and ''hnìm'' (genitive) instead of ''hni ke'' and ''hni fóm''. Younger speakers will often suffix noun phrases referring to women or girls with these pronouns, which has convinced some Gaju scholars that Urban Gaju is taking on a [[w:grammatical gender\|grammatical gender]] system.

	:Na nam emshang-e bo-bạkạ.		:Na nam emshang-e bo-bạkạ.

Frrurtu: /* Vocabulary */

2017-02-15T03:16:02Z

Vocabulary

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 ==Vocabulary==
 Gaju has historically featured very few of the [[w:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] and [[w:Arabic language|Arabic]] loanwords that abound in [[Rttirri]]. However, the Gaju community's close proximity to [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]] has given their language numerous loanwords from local languages, such as [[w:Burmese language|Burmese]], [[w:Thai language|Thai]], and the [[w:Karen languages|Karen]] languages. It has also taken on some loans from Rttirri.
 ==Grammar==

Frrurtu at 02:27, 15 February 2017

2017-02-15T02:27:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:27, 15 February 2017
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	\|pronunciation = ['gäɟu]		\|pronunciation = ['gäɟu]
	\|region = Southeast Asia		\|region = Southeast Asia
	\|states = Rtuha, Uya, ~~eastern Tyami~~, eastern Manamuki		\|states = Rtuha, Uya, northern Ttyami, northeastern Umairri, eastern Manamuki
	\|setting = Rttirria		\|setting = Rttirria
	\|speakers =		\|speakers =

@@ Line 545: / Line 545: @@
 :3SG.NOM PERF PST-say that 3SG.NOM home-DAT go-want.
 :She said that she wanted to go home.
 ==See also==