Erjie - Revision history

SJ: /* Nouns and Case Marking */

2025-08-27T07:10:05Z

Nouns and Case Marking

SJ: /* Pronouns */

2025-08-04T05:35:37Z

Pronouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:35, 4 August 2025
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	! singular masculine		! singular masculine
	\| qao		\| qao
	\| ~~qiu~~		\| qui
	\|-		\|-
	! singular feminine		! singular feminine

SJ at 08:55, 2 August 2025

2025-08-02T08:55:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:55, 2 August 2025
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	\|altname = 迩捷語 (ěrjiéyǔ)		\|altname = 迩捷語 (ěrjiéyǔ)
	\|pronunciation = ɚˈʑjɛ ˈkʰəlʊ		\|pronunciation = ɚˈʑjɛ ˈkʰəlʊ
	\|pronunciation_key = IPA ~~for Luthic~~		\|pronunciation_key = help:IPA
	\|states = [[w:China\|China]]		\|states = [[w:China\|China]]
	\|region = [[w: Qinghai\|Qinghai]]		\|region = [[w:Qinghai\|Qinghai]]
	\|speakers = 2000		\|speakers = 2000
	\|date = 2023		\|date = 2023
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	\| mapcaption2 = {{center\|{{small\|Erjie is classified as Vulnerable}}}}		\| mapcaption2 = {{center\|{{small\|Erjie is classified as Vulnerable}}}}
	}}		}}
	~~<!--~~

	{{privatelang}}		{{privatelang}}

	~~This is a short reminder of the language format policy.~~

	~~I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).~~
	~~II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)~~
	~~III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.~~

	~~-->~~
	'''Erjie''' is an [[w:Indo-European\|Indo-European]] language spoken by the Erjie people, who mainly live in the provinces of [[w:Qinghai\|Qinghai]] and [[w:Gansu\|Gansu]] in Northwestern [[w:China\|China]]. It is the sole extant member of the [[w:Tocharian Languages\|Tocharian]] branch of [[w:Indo-European\|Indo-European]]. The Erjie number about 3200 people, about 2000 (2023) speak the Erjie language; around 800 are primarily monolingual, while many speak Mandarin and/or Amdo Tibetan to a degree of fluency. While a pinyin-based writing system has been devised, Erjie is not often written by speakers and primarily exists as a spoken language.		'''Erjie''' is an [[w:Indo-European\|Indo-European]] language spoken by the Erjie people, who mainly live in the provinces of [[w:Qinghai\|Qinghai]] and [[w:Gansu\|Gansu]] in Northwestern [[w:China\|China]]. It is the sole extant member of the [[w:Tocharian Languages\|Tocharian]] branch of [[w:Indo-European\|Indo-European]]. The Erjie number about 3200 people, about 2000 (2023) speak the Erjie language; around 800 are primarily monolingual, while many speak Mandarin and/or Amdo Tibetan to a degree of fluency. While a pinyin-based writing system has been devised, Erjie is not often written by speakers and primarily exists as a spoken language.

SJ at 08:10, 2 August 2025

2025-08-02T08:10:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:10, 2 August 2025
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	}}		}}
	<!--		<!--

			{{privatelang}}

	This is a short reminder of the language format policy.		This is a short reminder of the language format policy.

SJ: grammar section and numerals

2025-08-01T13:05:17Z

grammar section and numerals

@@ Line 187: / Line 187: @@
 */x/ and /ɣ/ are uvular /χ/ and /ʁ/ before /a/, /ɔ/ and /u/.
 */f/ is only found in Chinese borrowings, alternatively substituted with /pʰ/.
-*/j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.
+*/j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [βˠ] typically in stressed, initial syllables.
 == Writing System ==
@@ Line 304: / Line 304: @@
 | [[w:perlative_case|perlative]]-[[w:instrumental_case|instrumental]] || -za || through, with, via, using, by, over
 | yeghuza || with (e.g. by means of the) horse; by horse
 |}

SJ: added morphology section

2025-08-01T07:24:27Z

added morphology section

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 '''Erjie''' is an [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]] language spoken by the Erjie people, who mainly live in the provinces of [[w:Qinghai|Qinghai]] and [[w:Gansu|Gansu]] in Northwestern [[w:China|China]]. It is the sole extant member of the [[w:Tocharian Languages|Tocharian]] branch of [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]. The Erjie number about 3200 people, about 2000 (2023) speak the Erjie language; around 800 are primarily monolingual, while many speak Mandarin and/or Amdo Tibetan to a degree of fluency. While a pinyin-based writing system has been devised, Erjie is not often written by speakers and primarily exists as a spoken language.
-According to Erjie tradition, the Erjie are the descendants of the [[w:Tocharians|Tocharian speaking tribes]] of the [[w:Tarim Basin|Tarim Basin]]. During periods of the [[w:Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghur Khaganate]] and [[w:Tang Dynasty|Tang dynasty]], these tribesmen migrated from the Tarim Basin and dwelt within China's borders and since then have lived within the Qinghai-Gansu border region. Erjie has considerable influence, both grammatical and lexical, from [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] and [[w:Amdo Tibetan|Amdo Tibetan]].
+According to Erjie tradition, the Erjie are the descendants of the [[w:Tocharians|Tocharian speaking tribes]] of the [[w:Tarim Basin|Tarim Basin]]. During periods of the [[w:Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghur Khaganate]] and [[w:Tang Dynasty|Tang dynasty]], these tribesmen migrated from the Tarim Basin and dwelt within China's borders and since then have lived within the Qinghai-Gansu border region. Erjie has considerable influence, both grammatical and lexical, from [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] and [[w:Amdo Tibetan|Amdo Tibetan]]. It is also a part of the broader [[w:Qinghai–Gansu_sprachbund|Qinghai-Gansu/Amdo sprachbund]], characterized by many features that differ greatly from surrounding languages, such as [[w:Subject–object–verb_word_order|SOV word order]], [[w:Grammatical_case|case marking]] and a lack of [[w:w:Tone_(linguistics)|lexical tone]].
 ==Phonology==
@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 |}
 [[Category:Erjie]]
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]

SJ at 07:47, 31 July 2025

2025-07-31T07:47:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:47, 31 July 2025
Line 189:		Line 189:
	*/j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.		*/j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.

	=== Writing System ===		== Writing System ==
	Erjie does not have on official script and mainly exists as a spoken language. However, young Erjie speakers have increasingly started to use a writing system based on Mandarin pinyin. It is primarily used among Erjie for writing their language on the internet and in digital environments.		Erjie does not have on official script and mainly exists as a spoken language. However, young Erjie speakers have increasingly started to use a writing system based on Mandarin pinyin. It is primarily used among Erjie for writing their language on the internet and in digital environments.
	=== Pinyin-based Latin Script ===		=== Pinyin-based Latin Script ===

SJ: writing systems added

2025-07-31T07:46:28Z

writing systems added

@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 ! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
 !<small>voiceless</small>
-| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|(f)]] {{angle bracket|f}}
+| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|''(f)'']] {{angle bracket|''f''}}
 | [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_fricative|/s/]] {{angle bracket|s}}
 | [[w:Voiceless_retroflex_fricative|/ʂ/]] {{angle bracket|sh}}
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 !<small>[[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
+|
-| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|(z)]] {{angle bracket|z}}
+| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|''(z)'']] {{angle bracket|''z''}}
+|
-| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|(ʑ)]] {{angle bracket|j}}
+| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|''(ʑ)'']] {{angle bracket|''j''}}
 | colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced_velar_fricative|/ɣ/]] ~ [[w:Voiced_uvular_fricative|/ʁ/]] {{angle bracket|gh}}
 |-
@@ Line 188: / Line 188: @@
 */f/ is only found in Chinese borrowings, alternatively substituted with /pʰ/.
 */j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.
 [[Category:Erjie]]
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]

SJ: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Erjie |nativename = erjie kelu |altname = 迩捷語 (ěrjiéyǔ) |pronunciation = ɚˈʑjɛ ˈkʰəlʊ |pronunciation_key = IPA for Luthic |states = China |region = Qinghai |speakers = 2000 |date = 2023 |created = 2024 |familycolor = Indo-European |fam2 = Tocharian |fam3 = w:Tochar..."

2025-07-30T13:02:52Z

Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Erjie |nativename = erjie kelu |altname = 迩捷語 (ěrjiéyǔ) |pronunciation = ɚˈʑjɛ ˈkʰəlʊ |pronunciation_key = IPA for Luthic |states = China |region = Qinghai |speakers = 2000 |date = 2023 |created = 2024 |familycolor = Indo-European |fam2 = Tocharian |fam3 = w:Tochar..."

New page

{{Infobox language
|name = Erjie
|nativename = erjie kelu
|altname = 迩捷語 (ěrjiéyǔ)
|pronunciation = ɚˈʑjɛ ˈkʰəlʊ
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Luthic
|states = [[w:China|China]]
|region = [[w: Qinghai|Qinghai]]
|speakers = 2000
|date = 2023
|created = 2024
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Tocharian Languages|Tocharian]]
|fam3 = [[w:Tocharian B|Tocharian B]]
|creator = User:SJ
|script1 = Latn
|minority = [[w:China|China]]
*[[w:Sunan Yugur Autonomous County|Sunan Yugur Autonomous County]]
*[[w:Menyuan Hui Autonomous County|Menyuan Hui Autonomous County]]
|notice = IPA
|ethnicity = Erjie
| map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg
|mapsize = 340px
| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Erjie is classified as Vulnerable}}}}
}}

'''Erjie''' is an [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]] language spoken by the Erjie people, who mainly live in the provinces of [[w:Qinghai|Qinghai]] and [[w:Gansu|Gansu]] in Northwestern [[w:China|China]]. It is the sole extant member of the [[w:Tocharian Languages|Tocharian]] branch of [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]. The Erjie number about 3200 people, about 2000 (2023) speak the Erjie language; around 800 are primarily monolingual, while many speak Mandarin and/or Amdo Tibetan to a degree of fluency. While a pinyin-based writing system has been devised, Erjie is not often written by speakers and primarily exists as a spoken language.

According to Erjie tradition, the Erjie are the descendants of the [[w:Tocharians|Tocharian speaking tribes]] of the [[w:Tarim Basin|Tarim Basin]]. During periods of the [[w:Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghur Khaganate]] and [[w:Tang Dynasty|Tang dynasty]], these tribesmen migrated from the Tarim Basin and dwelt within China's borders and since then have lived within the Qinghai-Gansu border region. Erjie has considerable influence, both grammatical and lexical, from [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] and [[w:Amdo Tibetan|Amdo Tibetan]].

==Phonology==
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|i {{angle bracket|i}}
|
|u {{angle bracket|u}}
|- align="center"
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|
|ə {{angle bracket|e}}
|ɔ {{angle bracket|o}}
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|a {{angle bracket|a}}
|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Phoneme/Sound
!Allophones
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |/i/
|ɨ
|when following alveolar sibilants or affricates
|-
|ɪ
|when following labial and alveolar plosives or approximants
|-
|ɨ˞
|when following a retroflex consonant
|-
| rowspan="3" |/ə/
|ə
|in stressed syllables without onset clusters or coda consonants
|-
|ɛ
|in a syllable with a palatal onset or palatal coda
|-
|ɘ
|in a syllable with a nasal coda consonant
|-
| rowspan="3" |/a/
|ɑ
|when following a uvular consonant
|-
|æ
|when a syllable is closed by an alveolar nasal /n/
|-
|ɛ
|when following a palatal onset consonant, and preceding an alveolar nasal /n/
|-
|/ɔ/
|ɵ
|when following retroflex and palatal consonants
|-
| rowspan="2" |/u/
|ʊ
|when following alveolar and velar consonants
|-
|ʉ
|when following retroflex and palatal consonants
|}

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[w:Denti-alveolar_consonant|Denti-alveolar]]
! [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[w:Alveolo-palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Stops]]
!plain
| [[w:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive|/p/]] {{angle bracket|b}}
| [[w:Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives|/t̪/]] {{angle bracket|d}}
|
|
| [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive|/k/]] {{angle bracket|g}}
| [[w:Voiceless_uvular_plosive|/q/]] {{angle bracket|gh}}
|-
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|aspirated]]
| [[w:Aspirated_consonant|/pʰ/]] {{angle bracket|p}}
| [[w:Aspirated_consonant|/t̪ʰ/]] {{angle bracket|t}}
|
|
| [[w:Aspirated_consonant|/kʰ/]] {{angle bracket|k}}
| [[w:Aspirated_consonant|/qʰ/]] {{angle bracket|kh}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricates]]
!plain
|
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_affricate|/t͡s/]] {{angle bracket|z}}
| [[w:Voiceless_retroflex_affricate|/ʈ͡ʂ/]] {{angle bracket|zh}}
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate|/t͡ɕ/]] {{angle bracket|j}}
|
|-
![[w:Aspirated_consonant|aspirated]]
|
| [[w:Aspiration|/t͡sʰ/]] {{angle bracket|c}}
| [[w:Aspiration|/ʈ͡ʂʰ/]] {{angle bracket|ch}}
| [[w:IPAslink|/t͡ɕʰ/]] {{angle bracket|q}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
!voiceless
| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|(f)]] {{angle bracket|f}}
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_fricative|/s/]] {{angle bracket|s}}
| [[w:Voiceless_retroflex_fricative|/ʂ/]] {{angle bracket|sh}}
| [[w:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative|/ɕ/]] {{angle bracket|x}}
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless_velar_fricative|/x/]] ~ [[w:Voiceless_uvular_fricative|/χ/]] {{angle bracket|h}}
|-
![[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]
|
| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|(z)]] {{angle bracket|z}}
|
| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|(ʑ)]] {{angle bracket|j}}
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced_velar_fricative|/ɣ/]] ~ [[w:Voiced_uvular_fricative|/ʁ/]] {{angle bracket|gh}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| [[w:Voiced_bilabial_nasal|/m/]] {{angle bracket|m}}
| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|/n/]] {{angle bracket|n}}
|
|
| [[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|/ŋ/]] {{angle bracket|ng}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Approximants]]
| [[w:Voiced_labial–velar_approximant|/w/]] {{angle bracket|w}}
| [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants|/l̪/]] {{angle bracket|l}}
| [[w:Voiced_retroflex_approximant|/ɻ/]] ~ [[w:Voiced_retroflex_fricative|/ʐ/]] {{angle bracket|r}}
| [[w:Voiced_palatal_approximant|/j/]] {{angle bracket|y}}
|
|
|}
*/z/ and /ʑ/ are intervocalic allophones of plain affricates /t͡s/ and /t͡ɕ/ respectively.
*all plain plosives are phonetically voiced in intervocalic positions, however /q/ weakens to /ʁ/ rather than expected /ɢ/
*/x/ and /ɣ/ are uvular /χ/ and /ʁ/ before /a/, /ɔ/ and /u/.
*/f/ is only found in Chinese borrowings, alternatively substituted with /pʰ/.
*/j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.

[[Category:Erjie]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:10, 27 August 2025
Line 280:		Line 280:
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:nominative_case\|nominative]] \|\| – \|\| –		\| [[w:nominative_case\|nominative]] \|\| – \|\| –
	\| yeghu \|\| horse		\| ''yeghu'' \|\| horse
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:Genitive_case\|genitive]]-[[w:accusative_case\|accusative]] \|\| -ze \|\| (direct object); of		\| [[w:Genitive_case\|genitive]]-[[w:accusative_case\|accusative]] \|\| -ze \|\| (direct object); of
	\| yeghuze \|\| the horse (as direct object); of (the) horse/(the) horse's		\| ''yeghuze'' \|\| the horse (as direct object); of (the) horse/(the) horse's
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:dative_case\|dative]]-[[w:locative_case\|locative]] \|\| -ne \|\| at, in, on, to		\| [[w:dative_case\|dative]]-[[w:locative_case\|locative]] \|\| -ne \|\| at, in, on, to
	\| yeghune \|\| on/in (the) horse; to (the) horse (as a recipient/indirect object)		\| ''yeghune'' \|\| on/in (the) horse; to (the) horse (as a recipient/indirect object)
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:ablative_case\|ablative]] \|\| -men \|\| from		\| [[w:ablative_case\|ablative]] \|\| -men \|\| from
	\| yeghumen \|\| from (the) horse		\| ''yeghumen'' \|\| from (the) horse
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:comitative_case\|comitative]] \|\| -ba \|\| with		\| [[w:comitative_case\|comitative]] \|\| -ba \|\| with
	\| yeghuba \|\| with (e.g. alongside the) horse		\| ''yeghuba'' \|\| with (e.g. alongside the) horse
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:allative_case\|allative]] \|\| -xi \|\| to, toward, into, onto		\| [[w:allative_case\|allative]] \|\| -xi \|\| to, toward, into, onto
	\| yeghuxi \|\| toward/onto (the) horse		\| ''yeghuxi'' \|\| toward/onto (the) horse
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[w:perlative_case\|perlative]]-[[w:instrumental_case\|instrumental]] \|\| -za \|\| through, with, via, using, by, over		\| [[w:perlative_case\|perlative]]-[[w:instrumental_case\|instrumental]] \|\| -za \|\| through, with, via, using, by, over
	\| yeghuza \|\| with (e.g. by means of the) horse; by horse		\| ''yeghuza'' \|\| with (e.g. by means of the) horse; by horse
	\|}		\|}