Dundulanyä - Revision history

Lili21: /* Brif, bruf, braf */

2025-02-05T21:02:26Z

Brif, bruf, braf

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	\| phrase = didya kamīne – yaivū uśudam tati naigū va tati idatvaḫa geṇṭha hulinē niqirblī.		\| phrase = didya kamīne – yaivū uśudam tati naigū va tati idatvaḫa geṇṭha hulinē niqirblī.
	\| morphemes = didya kamīne – yaiv-ū uśud-∅-∅-m tati nai-g-ū-∅ va tati id<a>tvaḫ-∅-∅-a geṇṭh-∅-∅-a hulin-ē niqirbl-∅-∅-ī		\| morphemes = didya kamīne – yaiv-ū uśud-∅-∅-m tati nai-g-ū-∅ va tati id<a>tvaḫ-∅-∅-a geṇṭh-∅-∅-a hulin-ē niqirbl-∅-∅-ī
	\| gloss = all-<small>ABL</small>. understand.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-1SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. say.<small>IMP-IRR-AG-3</small>. <small>NEG</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. offend.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-3.IND</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. woman-<small>ERG.SG</small>. exclaim-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>.		\| gloss = more. now. all-<small>ABL</small>. understand.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-1SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. say.<small>IMP-IRR-AG-3</small>. <small>NEG</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. offend.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-3.IND</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. woman-<small>ERG.SG</small>. exclaim-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>.
	\| translation = “Don’t tell me that you understood them this time,” exclaimed the woman crossly.		\| translation = “Don’t tell me that you understood them this time,” exclaimed the woman crossly.
	}}		}}

Lili21 at 20:58, 5 February 2025

2025-02-05T20:58:23Z

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	\|fam1 = East Taktapṣaikhulu <small>''(areal)''</small>		\|fam1 = East Taktapṣaikhulu <small>''(areal)''</small>
	\|ancestor = Pre-Dundulanyä		\|ancestor = Pre-Dundulanyä
	\|creator = [[User:Lili21~~\|Lili21]]~~		\|creator = User:Lili21
	\|stand1 = Modern Standard Dundulanyä		\|stand1 = Modern Standard Dundulanyä
	\|script1 = Dundulanyä abugida		\|script1 = Dundulanyä abugida
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	}}		}}

	'''Dundulanyä''' {{IPA\|[dundulɐnjɛ]}}, natively known as ''dundulanyä ḫamfafa''<ref>Literally "Dundulanyä our-language", with a 1PL possessive; the stylistic variant ''dundulanyä ḫamfarān'' (lit. "Dundulanyä their-language") is sometimes found in neutral contexts.</ref> {{IPA\|[dundulɐnjɛ ħɐmɸɐɸɐ]}}, is the most spoken language on the planet [[Verse:Eventoa\|Eventoa]] (Dun.: ''Lelḫajāṃrya''). It is the official language of the Confederation of the United Dundulanyä Republics, which ~~makes it~~ the ~~main lingua franca across~~ the two southern hemisphere continents, Lusaṃrīte - where it originated - and Jūhma.		'''Dundulanyä''' {{IPA\|[dundulɐnjɛ]}}, natively known as ''dundulanyä ḫamfafa''<ref>Literally "Dundulanyä our-language", with a 1PL possessive; the stylistic variant ''dundulanyä ḫamfarān'' (lit. "Dundulanyä their-language") is sometimes found in neutral contexts.</ref> {{IPA\|[dundulɐnjɛ ħɐmɸɐɸɐ]}}, is the most spoken language on the planet [[Verse:Eventoa\|Eventoa]] (Dun.: ''Lelḫajāṃrya''). It is the official language of the Confederation of the United Dundulanyä Republics, the pluricultural political entity which occupies the majority of the two southern hemisphere continents, Lusaṃrīte - where the language itself originated - and Jūhma, where it is the main lingua franca.

	Dundulanyä itself has a long history, being first attested about ~~2400~~ years before the present in the areas of Central Lusaṃrīte, where the Dundulanyä civilization first developed; through ~~successive empires~~ and ~~religious proselytism~~, people and language spread across many areas of the continent - most notably Dundulanyä-ifying the north shore of the Inland Seas by the end of Classical Lusaṃrītene Antiquity. As the ~~dominant~~ civilization of Lusaṃrīte, the Dundulanyä spread their language to become the main lingua franca of trade and culture in most of the continent and in eastern Jūhma; the massive demographical changes brought by the epidemics that were the result of increased contact with the civilizations ~~of the northern hemisphere~~ effectively enabled the Dundulanyä culture to spread in areas where formerly other ~~civilizations were~~ dominant. By the modern and contemporary eras, a more standardized version of classical Dundulanyä remained the lingua franca among multiple peoples across Lusaṃrīte and Jūhma, and the situation remained more or less the same after the collapse of the Fifth Dundulanyä Empire and through the Three Leagues Period.		Dundulanyä itself has a long history, being first attested about 2600 years before the present in the areas of Central Lusaṃrīte, in the region of Taktapṣikha, where the Dundulanyä civilization first developed; through religious, cultural and political expansion, people and language spread across many areas of the continent, most notably Dundulanyä-ifying the north shore of the Inland Seas by the end of Classical Lusaṃrītene Antiquity. As the most advanced civilization on Lusaṃrīte, the Dundulanyä spread their language to become the main lingua franca of trade and culture in most of the continent and in eastern Jūhma; then, the massive demographical changes brought by the epidemics that were the result of increased contact with the Northern hemisphere civilizations effectively enabled the Dundulanyä culture to spread in areas where formerly other cultures had been dominant. By the modern and contemporary eras, a more standardized version of classical Dundulanyä remained the lingua franca among multiple peoples across Lusaṃrīte and Jūhma, and the situation remained more or less the same after the collapse of the Fifth Dundulanyä Empire and through the Three Leagues Period.

	Today, Dundulanyä is the official language of the Confederation of the United Dundulanyä Republics (''laḫlurayäh dundulanyäɂi lileṣkorukṣarte śūsmurdibeṣarān'')~~, the multicultural political entity that is dominant throughout Lusaṃrīte and Jūhma~~; the standard language is a heavily ~~standardized~~ version of the classical language, with many of the less regular forms having fallen out of use after one millennium of being essentially a L2 for the totality of its speakers; high style language and creative usage, however, still uses forms ~~that have fallen out of use~~ in the everyday language. Dundulanyä, ~~along~~ with ~~any~~ of ~~the regional~~ languages of the ~~Confederation~~, is the main language for ~~its~~ 1,9 billion ~~inhabitants~~, a number to which should be added a substantial amount of foreign users in virtually all other countries in Lusaṃrīte and Jūhma.		Today, Dundulanyä is the official language of the Confederation of the United Dundulanyä Republics (''laḫlurayäh dundulanyäɂi lileṣkorukṣarte śūsmurdibeṣarān''); the standard language is a heavily prescriptive and codified version of the classical language, with many of the less regular forms having fallen out of use after one millennium of being essentially a second language for the totality of its speakers; high style language and creative usage, however, still uses forms no longer used in the everyday language. Dundulanyä, coexisting in diglossia with hundreds of languages - its own daughter languages, creoles based on Dundulanyä, or completely unrelated ones - together known as the "vernaculars" or ''tūsahufāni'', is the main language for the 1,9 billion people living in the Confederation, a number to which should be added a substantial amount of foreign users in virtually all other countries in Lusaṃrīte and Jūhma.

	~~Both the language and the setting are still under construction: see the [[Dundulanyä#External history\|External history section on this page]] for more~~.

	==Internal history==		==Internal history==

Lili21: /* Copula */

2025-02-05T17:54:57Z

Copula

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	: ''hine saṃhāram '''idu''' ṣurlāke.'' "This boy is not Ṣurlāke."		: ''hine saṃhāram '''idu''' ṣurlāke.'' "This boy is not Ṣurlāke."
	: ''kālomīye '''idu''' ñältahbu.'' "Kālomīye is not my sister."		: ''kālomīye '''idu''' ñältahbu.'' "Kālomīye is not my sister."
	: ''prānilau kālomīye '''idu''' ~~dariśah~~.'' "Tomorrow, Kālomīye will not be a ~~dancer~~."		: ''prānilau kālomīye '''idu''' nindade.'' "Tomorrow, Kālomīye will not be a/the guide."
	: ''kālomīye ~~dariśah~~ '''jalliṣiga va'''.'' "Kālomīye will not be a ~~dancer~~."		: ''kālomīye nindade '''jalliṣiga va'''.'' "Kālomīye will not be a/the guide."

	First- and second-person pronouns have synthetic (fused) copular forms:		First- and second-person pronouns have synthetic (fused) copular forms:

Lili21: /* Copula */

2025-02-05T17:54:09Z

Copula

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	: ''lalāruṇai fanēyai kuka '''ga''' irāḍai.'' "Lalāruṇai<ref>Giant domestic lizards endemic to central Lusaṃrīte: in Dundulanyä culture and history they have a role similar to horses.</ref> and capybaras are animals."		: ''lalāruṇai fanēyai kuka '''ga''' irāḍai.'' "Lalāruṇai<ref>Giant domestic lizards endemic to central Lusaṃrīte: in Dundulanyä culture and history they have a role similar to horses.</ref> and capybaras are animals."
	In any role outside of the direct knowledge indicative present, the copula is replaced by the (regular) verb ''jall-'':		In any role outside of the direct knowledge indicative present, the copula is replaced by the (regular) verb ''jall-'':
	: ''kālomīye ~~dariśah~~ '''jallī'''.'' "Kālomīye was a ~~dancer~~."		: ''kālomīye nindade '''jallī'''.'' "Kālomīye was a/the guide."
	: ''kālomīye ~~dariśah~~ '''jalliṣya'''.'' "Kālomīye will be a ~~dancer~~."		: ''kālomīye nindade '''jalliṣya'''.'' "Kālomīye will be a/the guide."
	However, whenever temporal adverbs that imply a non-present tense are found, '''ga''' is used instead:		However, whenever temporal adverbs that imply a non-present tense are found, '''ga''' is used instead:
	: ''prānilau ~~kālomīye~~ '''ga''' dariśah.'' "Tomorrow, Kālomīye will be a ~~dancer~~."		: ''prānilau nindade '''ga''' dariśah.'' "Tomorrow, Kālomīye will be a/the guide."
	The same particle '''ga''' doubles as an adpositive particle, joining nouns together in noun phrases:		The same particle '''ga''' doubles as an adpositive particle, joining nouns together in noun phrases:
	: ''līlasuṃghāṇa '''ga''' marta'' "city of Līlasuṃghāṇa"		: ''līlasuṃghāṇa '''ga''' marta'' "city of Līlasuṃghāṇa"
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	: ''āna lila '''umūm'''.'' "That person is good."		: ''āna lila '''umūm'''.'' "That person is good."
	: ''hiyome '''idu cami'''.'' "This is not important."		: ''hiyome '''idu cami'''.'' "This is not important."
			The word ''didya'' "more" is either a copular adjective on its own, or part of a copular adjective phrase, therefore not considered a form of the copula:
			: ''śārepai '''didya'''.'' "The dogs are more/in a greater number/There are more dogs."
			: ''maihasin '''didya lalla'''.'' "Your daughter is taller."
			: ''p̃aiṣubin '''idu didya lalla'''.'' "Our son is not taller."

	===Numerals (''dhujāvāmi'')===		===Numerals (''dhujāvāmi'')===

Lili21: /* Possessive suffixes */

2025-02-05T17:35:37Z

Possessive suffixes

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	: ''naviṣyayäh hiyome ga padacyūse'''bu'''.'' "This is my favourite book." (lit.: "among books, this is my favourite")		: ''naviṣyayäh hiyome ga padacyūse'''bu'''.'' "This is my favourite book." (lit.: "among books, this is my favourite")
	An explicit possessor is marked used the bound form (typically together with third person clitics, but not exclusively):		An explicit possessor is marked used the bound form (typically together with third person clitics, but not exclusively):
	: ''~~imut~~ nādaśrūṣe'''ɂe''''' "the teacher's bike"		: ''līdad nādaśrūṣe'''ɂe''''' "the teacher's bike"
	: ''buneyev pūnuḍu'''hin''''' "the two older sisters' jobs"		: ''buneyev pūnuḍu'''hin''''' "the two older sisters' jobs"
	: ''dundulanyä ḫamfa'''fa''''' "the Dundulanyä language" (lit.: "the language of us, the Dundulanyä")		: ''dundulanyä ḫamfa'''fa''''' "the Dundulanyä language" (lit.: "the language of us, the Dundulanyä")
	Bound forms can also be marked with possessive clitics on their own:		Bound forms can also be marked with possessive clitics on their own:
	: ''~~imut~~'''rān''' nādaśrūṣe'''ɂe''''' "their teacher's bike"		: ''līdad'''rān''' nādaśrūṣe'''ɂe''''' "their teacher's bike"
	: ''buneyev'''bu''' pūnuḍu'''hin''''' "my two older sisters' jobs"		: ''buneyev'''bu''' pūnuḍu'''hin''''' "my two older sisters' jobs"

Lili21: /* Bound forms */

2025-02-05T17:35:13Z

Bound forms

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	In the name of the language, ''dundulanyä ḫamfafa'', for example, ''dundulanyä'' is a bound form that however has the same form as the direct, due to the noun having a stem ending in a vowel. Some more examples of bound forms:		In the name of the language, ''dundulanyä ḫamfafa'', for example, ''dundulanyä'' is a bound form that however has the same form as the direct, due to the noun having a stem ending in a vowel. Some more examples of bound forms:

	* ''~~imut~~ naviṣyaɂe'' "the teacher's book", ''~~imut~~'' being the bound form of ''~~imute~~'' "teacher", and ''naviṣya'' "book" being marked with the 3SG possessive ''ɂe''.		* ''līdad naviṣyaɂe'' "the teacher's book", ''līdad'' being the bound form of ''līdade'' "teacher", and ''naviṣya'' "book" being marked with the 3SG possessive ''ɂe''.
	* ''nūrī dvārmaɂe'' "the child's room", ''nūrī'' being the bound form of ''nūrya'' "child".		* ''nūrī dvārmaɂe'' "the child's room", ''nūrī'' being the bound form of ''nūrya'' "child".
	* ''līv yude'' "3SG stands in the flat", where the positional verb ''yu-de-'' "to stand inside" requires its argument ''līve'' to be in the bound form ''līv''.		* ''līv yude'' "3SG stands in the flat", where the positional verb ''yu-de-'' "to stand inside" requires its argument ''līve'' to be in the bound form ''līv''.

Lili21: /* Declension tables */

2025-02-05T17:34:36Z

Declension tables

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	\|+Non-ablauting consonant stem 1st declension		\|+Non-ablauting consonant stem 1st declension
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2 \| !! colspan=3 \| ''~~imut~~-''<br/>"~~teacher~~"		! rowspan=2 \| !! colspan=3 \| ''śiv-''<br/>"image, representation, photo"
	\|-		\|-
	! Singular !! Dual !! Plural		! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Direct</small>		! <small>Direct</small>
	\| '''~~imute~~''' \|\| rowspan=2 \| ~~imutive~~ \|\| rowspan=2 \| ~~imuti~~		\| '''śive''' \|\| rowspan=2 \| śivive \|\| rowspan=2 \| śivi
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Vocative</small>		! <small>Vocative</small>
	\| ~~imut~~		\| śiv
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Ergative</small>		! <small>Ergative</small>
	\| ~~imutē~~ \|\| ~~imutīyat~~ \|\| ~~imutām~~		\| śivē \|\| śivīyat \|\| śivām
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Accusative</small>		! <small>Accusative</small>
	\| ~~imutat~~ \|\| ~~imutītha~~ \|\| ~~imutaih~~		\| śivat \|\| śivītha \|\| śivaih
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Dative</small>		! <small>Dative</small>
	\| ~~imutak~~ \|\| ~~imutīma~~ \|\| ~~imutumi~~		\| śivak \|\| śivīma \|\| śivumi
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Ablative</small>		! <small>Ablative</small>
	\| ~~imutū~~ \|\| ~~imuteṣu~~ \|\| ~~imutenī~~		\| śivū \|\| śiveṣu \|\| śivenī
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Locative</small>		! <small>Locative</small>
	\| ~~imutā~~ \|\| rowspan=2 \| ~~imutehe~~ \|\| ~~imutän~~		\| śivā \|\| rowspan=2 \| śivehe \|\| śivän
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Essive</small>		! <small>Essive</small>
	\| rowspan=2 \| ~~imutī~~ \|\| ~~imutoṭu~~		\| rowspan=2 \| śivī \|\| śivoṭu
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Instrumental</small>		! <small>Instrumental</small>
	\| ~~imutāl~~ \|\| ~~imutenīka~~		\| śivāl \|\| śivenīka
	\|-		\|-
	! <small>Bound form</small>		! <small>Bound form</small>
	\| ~~imut~~ \|\| ~~imutiv~~ \|\| ~~imutī~~		\| śiv \|\| śiviv \|\| śivī
	\|}		\|}
	{{col-break}}		{{col-break}}

Lili21: /* Noun-forming morphemes */

2024-12-24T20:13:25Z

Noun-forming morphemes

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	* ''brom-'' (to blow, wipe) → ''brūmam'' (wind; gale)		* ''brom-'' (to blow, wipe) → ''brūmam'' (wind; gale)

	'''-ar''' (ṛ-stem non ablauting, with lemma form in '''-ah''') with middle grade ablaut and '''-i-''' infixed before the last consonant forms agent (often occupational) nouns:		'''-ar''' (ṛ-stem non ablauting, with lemma form in '''-ah''') with middle grade ablaut and '''-i-''' infixed before the last consonant forms agent (often occupational) nouns. While rarer, it can also be used with roots with a single consonant after the vowel (see fourth example).
	* ''helk-'' (to dye) → ''helikah'' (dyer)		* ''helk-'' (to dye) → ''helikah'' (dyer)
	* ''darś-'' (to dance) → ''dariśah'' (dancer)		* ''darś-'' (to dance) → ''dariśah'' (dancer)
	* ''nart-'' (to dream) → ''naritah'' (dreamer)		* ''nart-'' (to dream) → ''naritah'' (dreamer)
			* ''tad-yāḍh-'' (to judge) → ''tadyaiḍhah'' (judge)

	'''-oba''' with zero grade ablaut and '''-nū-''' before the last consonant sequence of the root also forms agent nouns. It is never used with class I, VI, VII and VIII roots.		'''-oba''' with zero grade ablaut and '''-nū-''' before the last consonant sequence of the root also forms agent nouns. It is never used with class I, VI, VII and VIII roots.

Lili21: /* Ablaut (camiyāṃsachiṣa) */

2024-12-24T14:56:04Z

Ablaut (camiyāṃsachiṣa)

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	The majority of roots belongs to either the 0 class, or to classes II to IV. Other classes are much rarer, with V and especially VIII being the least common overall. Many class I roots have a sonorant such as '''l''', '''m''' or '''n''' (rarely other nasals), continuing formations parallel to class IV in reconstructed Pre-Dundulanyä.		The majority of roots belongs to either the 0 class, or to classes II to IV. Other classes are much rarer, with V and especially VIII being the least common overall. Many class I roots have a sonorant such as '''l''', '''m''' or '''n''' (rarely other nasals), continuing formations parallel to class IV in reconstructed Pre-Dundulanyä.

	Class I roots may, due to their shape, be further simplified in the zero-grade; see ''haf-'', zero-grade ''iṣf-'' "to insert, fill" or ''rañj-'', zero-grade ''ṛj-'' "to name, identify"; some others have a short vowel in the zero-grade and a long vowel in the (identical) middle- and higher-grade forms, as with ''sākh-'' (zero-grade ''sakh-'', higher-grade ''sākh-'') "to prepare"<ref>More commonly used in the prefixed form ''ni-sākh-'' "to build, create, make".</ref>. Due to regular saṃdhi, class I roots with ''ya'' or ''va'' have ''i'' or ''u'' respectively in the zero-grade, see e.g. ''yam-'' "to eat", zero-grade ''im-''.		Class I roots may, due to their shape, be further simplified in the zero-grade; see ''haf-'', zero-grade ''iṣf-'' "to insert, fill" or ''rañj-'', zero-grade ''ṛj-'' "to name, identify"; some others have a short vowel in the zero-grade and a long vowel in the (identical) middle- and higher-grade forms, as with ''sākh-'' (zero-grade ''sakh-'', higher-grade ''sākh-'') "to prepare"<ref>More commonly used in the prefixed form ''ni-sākh-'' "to build, create, make", but cf. set phrases such as ''vaidhopta sākha'' "to catalogue" - literally "to prepare a catalogue" - where however ''vaidhopta nisākha'' "to build a catalogue" is also found.</ref>. Due to regular saṃdhi, class I roots with ''ya'' or ''va'' have ''i'' or ''u'' respectively in the zero-grade, see e.g. ''yam-'' "to eat", zero-grade ''im-''.

	Some class VI and VII roots may have consonant changes caused by saṃdhi; furthermore, there are a few irregular class II and III roots which have a long vowel in the zero grade form even if they are not of CV shape; see e.g. ''lobh-'' "to write" with the long zero grade ''lūbh-''. Class III roots with the ''-vo-'' sequence in the middle grade (citation form) reduce it to ''-ū-'' in any case in the zero grade, as in ''tvorg-'' "to fear" with the zero grade ''tūrg-''.		Some class VI and VII roots may have consonant changes caused by saṃdhi; furthermore, there are a few irregular class II and III roots which have a long vowel in the zero grade form even if they are not of CV shape; see e.g. ''lobh-'' "to write" with the long zero grade ''lūbh-''. Class III roots with the ''-vo-'' sequence in the middle grade (citation form) reduce it to ''-ū-'' in any case in the zero grade, as in ''tvorg-'' "to fear" with the zero grade ''tūrg-''.

Lili21: /* Inverse deixis and ablative motion */

2024-12-13T17:28:36Z

Inverse deixis and ablative motion

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	The cislocative prefix marks an action towards the deictic center (generally the speaker), marked as divergent from the default state which is action from the deictic center: see e.g. ''loni'' (lon-i) "you go (walk)" vs. cislocative ''saloni'' (sa-lon-i) "you come (on foot)" for an example without a positional prefix; however it can also be used together with such prefix as in e.g. ''gāloni'' (gā-lon-i) "you walk in" vs. ''gāsloni'' (gā-s(a)-lon-i) "you come in (on foot)".		The cislocative prefix marks an action towards the deictic center (generally the speaker), marked as divergent from the default state which is action from the deictic center: see e.g. ''loni'' (lon-i) "you go (walk)" vs. cislocative ''saloni'' (sa-lon-i) "you come (on foot)" for an example without a positional prefix; however it can also be used together with such prefix as in e.g. ''gāloni'' (gā-lon-i) "you walk in" vs. ''gāsloni'' (gā-s(a)-lon-i) "you come in (on foot)".

	The ablative motion marker (which forces zero-grade ablaut on the present stem), on the other hand, inverts the direction marked by the positional/directional prefix, which is allative by default (i.e. ''to'' a place), making it ablative (i.e. ''from'' a place): ''gāmeśūh'' (gā-meś-ū-h) "I look inside" vs. ''gāmiśyūh'' (gā-miś-y-ū-h) "I look from the inside". The ablative marker is, due to how positional and motion verbs work in Dundulanyä, most commonly used and useful with transitive verbs, e.g. ''~~kuṇḍombhūsa~~'' (kuḍ-dombh-ū-sa) "you two bring outside" vs. ''~~kuṇḍumbhyūsa~~'' (kuḍ-dumbh-y-ū-sa) "you two bring from outside".		The ablative motion marker (which forces zero-grade ablaut on the present stem), on the other hand, inverts the direction marked by the positional/directional prefix, which is allative by default (i.e. ''to'' a place), making it ablative (i.e. ''from'' a place): ''gāmeśūh'' (gā-meś-ū-h) "I look inside" vs. ''gāmiśyūh'' (gā-miś-y-ū-h) "I look from the inside". The ablative marker is, due to how positional and motion verbs work in Dundulanyä, most commonly used and useful with transitive verbs, e.g. ''kuḍḍombhūsa'' (kuḍ-dombh-ū-sa) "you two bring outside" vs. ''kuḍḍumbhyūsa'' (kuḍ-dumbh-y-ū-sa) "you two bring from outside".

	The cislocative and the ablative marker can, in fact, be used together, in forms such as ''kujadumbhyūsa'' (kuḍ-sa-dumbh-y-ū-sa) "you two bring [us] from outside", ''gāslunyi'' "you come (on foot) from the inside". See also the following sentences, using the ablative motion marker, and the distinctions implied by the presence or absence of the cislocative prefix:		The cislocative and the ablative marker can, in fact, be used together, in forms such as ''kujadumbhyūsa'' (kuḍ-sa-dumbh-y-ū-sa) "you two bring [us] from outside", ''gāslunyi'' "you come (on foot) from the inside". See also the following sentences, using the ablative motion marker, and the distinctions implied by the presence or absence of the cislocative prefix: