Dama Diwan - Revision history

SostiMatiko at 15:21, 3 April 2024

2024-04-03T15:21:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 3 April 2024
Line 452:		Line 452:

	:[johuwax]		:[johuwax]
	:kata sute-kuto ke, i-ka sije-i-jete-bumo-rasa numo-sako-tube-~~won-sa kukan~~ kuta-~~kikon-sa~~ ruro bira be-wo i be man-sake-bumo rure-kuto i, ~~man-~~jeto-buno-wo, tuben kure-i.		:kata sute-kuto ke, i-ka sije-i-jete-bumo-rasa numo-sako-tube-wo kuka kuta-kiko in ruro bira be-wo i se i be man-sake-bumo rure-kuto i, jeto-buno-wo-ma i kuto tuben kure-i.
	:[ooomm]		:[ooomm]

Line 459:		Line 459:
	:Ваңһыыуш Даздаа Манаңһоо Шяоѳынанаам Аңһыыуш Маздааи		:Ваңһыыуш Даздаа Манаңһоо Шяоѳынанаам Аңһыыуш Маздааи
	:Хшаѳрымчаа Аһурааи Аа Јим Дрыґубјоо Дадат Ваастаарым.		:Хшаѳрымчаа Аһурааи Аа Јим Дрыґубјоо Дадат Ваастаарым.
	([https://drive.google.com/~~open~~?id=~~0B9UcDJ_wbDL7ZmNhcTBmc09ocXM~~ hear it])		([https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UMQ1DJLFpruYkSkHxRgM4ddqXff-HizU/view?usp=sharing hear it])

	[[Category:A priori]]		[[Category:A priori]]

Sware: Updating infobox

2021-07-06T15:41:09Z

Updating infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 6 July 2021
Line 8:		Line 8:
	\|speakers = 3 billion		\|speakers = 3 billion
	\|date = 2016		\|date = 2016
			\|creator = User:SostiMatiko
	\|familycolor = ProtoHuman		\|familycolor = ProtoHuman

Line 15:		Line 15:
	\|dia1 = ''less flexible (JIRO) and extended (JARO) Daman variants''		\|dia1 = ''less flexible (JIRO) and extended (JARO) Daman variants''

	\|scripts = [[Latin alphabet]]<br>any script of the world<br>the 10 digits 0123456789.<br>Daman Braille consisting of only 10 symbols.<br>*the DamanDaman 10-element systems: logographic and phonemic at the same time.		\|scripts = * [[Latin alphabet]]<br>* any script of the world<br>* the 10 digits 0123456789.<br>* Daman Braille consisting of only 10 symbols.<br>* the DamanDaman 10-element systems: logographic and phonemic at the same time.
	\|notice = IPA		\|notice = IPA
	}}		}}

Sware: Updating infobox

2021-07-06T15:40:24Z

Updating infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 6 July 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Daman Diwan		\|name = Daman Diwan
	\|nativename = {{Daman Diwan / Daman~~}}''~~		\|nativename = Daman Diwan<br />Daman
	\|pronunciation = \|dʰɐmːäŋ dʰiβäŋ\|		\|pronunciation = dʰɐmːäŋ dʰiβäŋ
	~~\|imageheader=Symbol~~		\|image=Dama diwan emblem.jpg
	\|image=~~Dama_diwan_emblem~~.jpg
	\|imagesize=200px		\|imagesize=200px
	\|states = ~~the~~ whole ~~earth~~		\|states = The whole Earth
	\|speakers = 3 billion		\|speakers = 3 billion
	\|date = 2016		\|date = 2016
Line 16:		Line 15:
	\|dia1 = ''less flexible (JIRO) and extended (JARO) Daman variants''		\|dia1 = ''less flexible (JIRO) and extended (JARO) Daman variants''

	\|~~script~~ = [[Latin alphabet]]<br>any script of the world<br>the 10 digits 0123456789.<br>Daman Braille consisting of only 10 symbols.<br>the DamanDaman 10-element systems: logographic and phonemic at the same time. \|notice = IPA		\|scripts = [[Latin alphabet]]<br>any script of the world<br>the 10 digits 0123456789.<br>Daman Braille consisting of only 10 symbols.<br>*the DamanDaman 10-element systems: logographic and phonemic at the same time.
			\|notice = IPA
	}}		}}

SostiMatiko: /* Writing systems / kiwon rijo */

2021-02-22T14:29:18Z

Writing systems / kiwon rijo

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:29, 22 February 2021
Line 408:		Line 408:
	:0 =S, s [ס]		:0 =S, s [ס]

	(This connection of letters to numerical digits has been done by means of sortition; however, there is a noted similarity to old and modern Hebrew letters, which are given in the square brackets)		(This connection of letters to numerical digits has been done by means of sortition; however, there is a noted similarity to old and modern Hebrew letters, which are given in the square brackets; also there is similarity to corresponding Greek and Cyrillic letters).
	So the 10 digits are quite enough to write the 12 phonemes of Daman Diwan language.		So the 10 digits are quite enough to write the 12 phonemes of Daman Diwan language.
	*Such a small number of indispensable digits to represent Daman means we can use only those for Morse code, so if we symbolise a dot by “.” and a dash by “-”, the necessary Morse symbols (by order of brevity, the shorter for the more frequent) are:		*Such a small number of indispensable digits to represent Daman means we can use only those for Morse code, so if we symbolise a dot by “.” and a dash by “-”, the necessary Morse symbols (by order of brevity, the shorter for the more frequent) are:
	: . =2 =O, o, u, w.		: - =2 =O, o, u, w.
	: - =1 =I, i, e, j		: . =1 =I, i, e, j
	: .. =6 =A, a		: .. =6 =A, a
	: -. =7 =N, n		: -. =7 =N, n
	: .- =3 =M, m		: .- =3 =M, m
	: -- =9 =R, r		: .-. =9 =R, r
	: ... =4 =T, t, d		: ... =4 =T, t, d
	: -.. =0 =S, s		: -- =0 =S, s
	: .-. =8 =g, G, k		: ..- =8 =g, G, k
	: ..- =5 =b, B		: -.. =5 =b, B
	:(In ~~Dama~~, the difference between I/E, U/O is not phonemic. J and W as phonemes are different, but Daman words only start with CONSONANTS (including J, W), and then there is always a vowel after each consonant with the exception of final N (which is better, but not compulsory, to be pronounced as /ŋ/). Therefore, 16127 can only be JAJON or JAJUN, both correct in ~~Dama~~; and the same happens with all other Daman words: they can be rendered totally correctly by the use of only the 10 digits, that is with a pad of only 10 digits plus a space key~~. The connection of the 10 digits to Latin letters is obvious, based on similarity of shape~~.)		:(In Daman, the difference between I/E, U/O is not phonemic. J and W as phonemes are different, but Daman words only start with CONSONANTS (including J, W), and then there is always a vowel after each consonant with the exception of final N (which is better, but not compulsory, to be pronounced as /ŋ/). Therefore, 16127 can only be JAJON or JAJUN, both correct in Daman; and the same happens with all other Daman words: they can be rendered totally correctly by the use of only the 10 digits, that is with a pad of only 10 digits plus a space key.)
	*Daman Braille (described in the last pages of https://www.academia.edu/12434367/theory_history) also uses only 10 symbols and it can be learnt in 3 minutes, while formal Braille has a repertoire of 64 possible signs (with 2 columns of 3 dots for each letter) expandable to 256 possible signs (with 2 columns of 4 dots for each letter, as available in the Segoe UI Symbol font) and requires at least 3 months to be learnt with the quickest teaching course.		*Daman Braille (described in the last pages of https://www.academia.edu/12434367/theory_history) also uses only 10 symbols and it can be learnt in 3 minutes, while formal Braille has a repertoire of 64 possible signs (with 2 columns of 3 dots for each letter) expandable to 256 possible signs (with 2 columns of 4 dots for each letter, as available in the Segoe UI Symbol font) and requires at least 3 months to be learnt with the quickest teaching course.
			This Morse code for Daman was not formed by means of sortition; rather, it was made by means of logic according to the esoteric meaning of each phoneme which was revealed by sortition: . (dot) being for yin and dash (-) for yang, a single dot is I/E, the yin element; a single dot is for U/O, the yang element; the other vowel, A, is represented by the shortest available combination, two dots; of consonants, the axis consonant which is N (also used for -N) is represented by the next shortest combination: -. (N- meaning "thing", -. indicates first yang, tangibility, then yin, changeability); the next most frequent consonant is M, used for the most common postposition MA "towards", so represented by .- (from yin to yang, it indicates movement towards something); the next most common consonant is S, used for the postposition SA "with" and the concept of possessing, having, so it is represented by the next shortest combination -- (twice yang, tangibility, to indicate possession or presence). T- "human", with an esoteric meaning "life", is represented by ... (3 yin making the "earth" trigram of ancient oriental tradition); R- "desire; characteristic" is represented by .-., the trigram that indicates desire and consequent danger; ..-, the "mountain" trigram, stands for K- which has the esoteric meaning of stability; and -.., the trigram of movement (WUTO), stands for B-, which means "acting, doing, causing".
	*Daman is also unique in having its own writing system which is logographic and phonemic at the same time, as explained in https://www.academia.edu/12434367/theory_history .		*Daman is also unique in having its own writing system which is logographic and phonemic at the same time, as explained in https://www.academia.edu/12434367/theory_history .

SostiMatiko: /* An ideal standardized form / NAMA KAWEN WAMO */

2020-06-19T10:16:14Z

An ideal standardized form / NAMA KAWEN WAMO

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 19 June 2020
Line 306:		Line 306:

	==== An ideal standardized form / NAMA KAWEN WAMO ====		==== An ideal standardized form / NAMA KAWEN WAMO ====
	The very idea of Daman Diwan having an ideal standardized version seems well incongruous to its concept of being the easiest language to all and personalizable in all those ways explained previously; that is why it has a great many allophones to its phonemes, so that each person can use the easiest for him/her. Then why should we define a standardized form? It is not meant to be used by the users of ~~Dama~~, and even the most enthusiastic promoter of Daman cannot use that standardized form exactly. Still, there may be some usefulness in describing such a standardized form, for that can be the "shopfront display" of ~~Dama~~; it will help the language appear neat, small and easy, as it really is, before one gets to know the many allophones and alternative usages that may give a false impression that the language is too rich. Also, the ideal standardized form will set a "golden" central form to be targeted, although nobody has to achieve it. This standardized ideal form has been defined by all forms of divination, ~~especially~~ dreams, and by the practical usage of the language during its 4 years of use. So, ~~all~~ the phonemes will be presented below with their ideal standardized forms:		The very idea of Daman Diwan having an ideal standardized version seems well incongruous to its concept of being the easiest language to all and personalizable in all those ways explained previously; that is why it has a great many allophones to its phonemes, so that each person can use the easiest for him/her. Then why should we define a standardized form? It is not meant to be used by the users of Daman, and even the most enthusiastic promoter of Daman cannot use that standardized form exactly. Still, there may be some usefulness in describing such a standardized form, for that can be the "shopfront display" of Daman; it will help the language appear neat, small and easy, as it really is, before one gets to know the many allophones and alternative usages that may give a false impression that the language is too rich. Also, the ideal standardized form will set a "golden" central form to be targeted, although nobody has to achieve it. This standardized ideal form has been defined by all forms of divination, including dreams, and by the practical usage of the language during its 5 years of use. So, the vowel phonemes will be presented below with their ideal standardized forms:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
Line 320:		Line 320:
	The vowels used as prefixes are A /ä/, E /e/, U /u/.		The vowels used as prefixes are A /ä/, E /e/, U /u/.
	The monosyllabic words are AN /äŋ/, IN /iŋ/, UN /uŋ/; A /ä/, I /i/, O /o/.		The monosyllabic words are AN /äŋ/, IN /iŋ/, UN /uŋ/; A /ä/, I /i/, O /o/.
	In extended Dama, when a vowel is lengthened for intensification, it changes its height: it becomes close if it was open ~~(in monosyllabic words)~~ and it becomes open if it was close ~~(in the stems of disyllabic words)~~. Vowel lenghthening for showing intensification is also accompanied by a higher tone (pitch).		In extended Dama, when a vowel is lengthened for intensification, it changes its height: it becomes close if it was open and it becomes open if it was close. Vowel lenghthening for showing intensification is also accompanied by a higher tone (pitch).
	The stressed syllable of words is the first syllable; however, if the second syllable of disyllabic words is lengthened for showing diminution, that second syllable is stressed instead of the first one.		The stressed syllable of words is the first syllable; however, if the second syllable of disyllabic words is lengthened for showing diminution, that second syllable can be stressed instead of the first one.
	A /h/ ~~is inserted between~~ vowels ~~belonging to different~~ words~~, and between -N+v- (that is, an /h/ is also pronounced before a vowel that follows a -N of the previous word)~~. The /ʔ/ is inserted between vowels of the same word (occurring only in extended ~~Dama~~). When a I or U is ~~next to~~ another vowel within a word, it turns to /j/ / /w/ respectively. If there are two successive vowels in a word of extended Dama, the second one is stressed, except if the first one is A, then this A can be stressed.		A euphonic /h/ can precede vowels at the onset of words. The /ʔ/ can be inserted between vowels of the same word (occurring only in extended Daman). When a I or U is before another vowel within a word, it turns to /j/ / /w/ respectively. If there are two successive vowels in a word of extended Dama, the second one is stressed, except if the first one is A, then this A can be stressed.
	In extended ~~Dama~~, WUv- and JIv- (v=vowel) are turned to WOv- and JEv- respectively. Prefixes are never stressed.		In extended Daman, WUv- and JIv- (v=vowel) are turned to WOv- and JEv- respectively. Prefixes are never stressed.
	In singing or chanting, monosyllabic words can be followed by /x/ if necessary to show the limits of each word.		In singing or chanting, monosyllabic words can be followed by /x/ if necessary to show the limits of each word.
	M ~~should be~~ slightly longer than N ~~when trying~~ to ~~avoid~~ .		M is pronounced slightly longer than N if necessary to better tell M from N.
			K is unaspirated and unvoiced; B is unaspirated and voiced; T is aspirated and unvoiced.
			For those people who cannot voice B, an emphatic ([pʼ]) or longer ([pː]) or intense (as Korean ㅃ) may be pronounced instead.
	Monosyllabic words are stressed unless they are joined to the previous disyllabic word, in which case they are pronounced with the previous disyllabic as if it were one trisyllabic word.		Monosyllabic words are stressed unless they are joined to the previous disyllabic word, in which case they are pronounced with the previous disyllabic as if it were one trisyllabic word.
			For some other consonants, see the table below:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

SostiMatiko at 08:59, 19 June 2020

2020-06-19T08:59:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 19 June 2020
Line 270:		Line 270:

	=====Independent -N=====		=====Independent -N=====
	~~=some/any. (Occurs~~ only in divination messages).		The final -N can occur without a word before it only in divination messages; in such a case, it refers to a word that may be inferred, but it is not specified.
			:In usage by concrete humans, we may use a word without -N and then think that it should be connected to the next by a -N, in such a case it may be written independedly, but is actually joined semantically to the previous word.
			:E.g. JIBE TO BUMO WO N NIJO NUJE?
			:or, that -N can be written like a separate word only to attract more attention of the reader.

	=== Correctness, personalization and limitations / jeto jino, wiso jino, nejo mijo ===		=== Correctness, personalization and limitations / jeto jino, wiso jino, nejo mijo ===
Line 319:		Line 322:
	In extended Dama, when a vowel is lengthened for intensification, it changes its height: it becomes close if it was open (in monosyllabic words) and it becomes open if it was close (in the stems of disyllabic words). Vowel lenghthening for showing intensification is also accompanied by a higher tone (pitch).		In extended Dama, when a vowel is lengthened for intensification, it changes its height: it becomes close if it was open (in monosyllabic words) and it becomes open if it was close (in the stems of disyllabic words). Vowel lenghthening for showing intensification is also accompanied by a higher tone (pitch).
	The stressed syllable of words is the first syllable; however, if the second syllable of disyllabic words is lengthened for showing diminution, that second syllable is stressed instead of the first one.		The stressed syllable of words is the first syllable; however, if the second syllable of disyllabic words is lengthened for showing diminution, that second syllable is stressed instead of the first one.
	A /h/ is inserted between vowels belonging to different words, and between -N+v- (that is, an /h/ is also pronounced before a vowel that follows a -N of the previous word). The /ʔ/ is inserted between vowels of the same word (occurring only in extended Dama). When a I or U is next to another vowel within a word, it turns to /j/ / /w/ respectively. If there are two successive vowels in a word of extended Dama, the second one is stressed, except if the first one is A, then this A is stressed.		A /h/ is inserted between vowels belonging to different words, and between -N+v- (that is, an /h/ is also pronounced before a vowel that follows a -N of the previous word). The /ʔ/ is inserted between vowels of the same word (occurring only in extended Dama). When a I or U is next to another vowel within a word, it turns to /j/ / /w/ respectively. If there are two successive vowels in a word of extended Dama, the second one is stressed, except if the first one is A, then this A can be stressed.
	In extended Dama, WUv- and JIv- (v=vowel) are turned to WOv- and JEv- respectively. Prefixes are never stressed.		In extended Dama, WUv- and JIv- (v=vowel) are turned to WOv- and JEv- respectively. Prefixes are never stressed.
	In singing or chanting, monosyllabic words ~~are~~ followed by /x/~~, which turns to the same consonant as the following~~ if ~~it is k / t / b / r / s; e.g., TO BE SIRO is to be pronounced TOB BES SIRO; but TO NE JATO is~~ to ~~be pronounced as TOx NEx JATO (because there is no "repeatable" consonant after~~ the ~~/x/)~~.		In singing or chanting, monosyllabic words can be followed by /x/ if necessary to show the limits of each word.
	~~In conversation, /x/ is not used, but only a /ʔ/ at the end of stressed monosyllabic words followed by j / w / n / m, and no consonants are "repeated" (i.e. lengthened), except that~~ M should ~~always~~ be slightly longer than N.		M should be slightly longer than N when trying to avoid .
	Monosyllabic words are stressed unless they are joined to the previous disyllabic word, in which case they are pronounced with the previous disyllabic as if it were one trisyllabic word.		Monosyllabic words are stressed unless they are joined to the previous disyllabic word, in which case they are pronounced with the previous disyllabic as if it were one trisyllabic word.

Line 333:		Line 336:
	\| W \|\| /ɸ/+U; /w/ elsewhere \|\| /β/+O; /w/ elsewhere		\| W \|\| /ɸ/+U; /w/ elsewhere \|\| /β/+O; /w/ elsewhere
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| B \|\| /b/ \|\| /b/~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| R \|\| /r/ \|\| /ɽɽ/		\| R \|\| /r/ \|\| /ɽɽ/
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| M \|\| /m/ \|\| /m/~~
	\|-
	~~\| S \|\| /s/ \|\| /s/~~
	\|-
	~~\| N \|\| /n/ \|\| /ɳ/ \|\| /ŋ/ in the end of words~~
	\|-
	~~\| K \|\| /k/ \|\| A+/g/+A/E, /k/ elsewhere~~
	\|-
	~~\| T \|\| /tʰ/ \|\| /ʈ/~~
	\|}		\|}

SostiMatiko: /* Grammar / kiwan nijo */

2020-06-19T08:28:57Z

Grammar / kiwan nijo

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 19 June 2020
Line 90:		Line 90:
	:ØN: some/any (undefined object of the following verb).		:ØN: some/any (undefined object of the following verb).

	== Grammar / ~~kiwan nijo~~ ==		== Grammar / kiwon nije ==
	DO NOT TRY TO LEARN Daman Diwan GRAMMAR; BUILD THE GRAMMAR BY YOURSELF after you know the 3 suffixes (extended into 6 by -N, or even forget the -N if it confuses you: use only the 3 suffixes then).		DO NOT TRY TO LEARN Daman Diwan GRAMMAR; BUILD THE GRAMMAR BY YOURSELF after you know the 3 suffixes (extended into 6 by -N, or even forget the -N if it confuses you: use only the 3 suffixes then).
	If you know the meaning of Daman Diwan words '''and the head-final word order''', you don't need to know any other grammar. "Grammar" means things obligatory to express, such as gender, case, number, tense, aspect of verb, mood and so on. All such things are available in Dama, but almost nothing is obligatory to express. In fact, it is better to omit anything that is easily understood without mentioning it. What is obligatory (and therefore, grammatical) in Dama, is that every word must end with one of the 3 vowels, and that vowel presents the word as a noun or adverb or verb; so, '''these 3 suffixes, along with the word order and the possible -N constitute the whole grammar of Daman Diwan'''.		If you know the meaning of Daman Diwan words '''and the head-final word order''', you don't need to know any other grammar. "Grammar" means things obligatory to express, such as gender, case, number, tense, aspect of verb, mood and so on. All such things are available in Dama, but almost nothing is obligatory to express. In fact, it is better to omit anything that is easily understood without mentioning it. What is obligatory (and therefore, grammatical) in Dama, is that every word must end with one of the 3 vowels, and that vowel presents the word as a noun or adverb or verb; so, '''these 3 suffixes, along with the word order and the possible -N constitute the whole grammar of Daman Diwan'''.

SostiMatiko at 20:58, 18 December 2019

2019-12-18T20:58:12Z

Show changes

SostiMatiko: /* Prefixes / nuna mibo */

2019-12-18T20:34:56Z

Prefixes / nuna mibo

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 18 December 2019
Line 212:		Line 212:

	This is the form they have in the Western style: u-, e-, a-. In other styles they may be pronounced also o-, i-, ə-.		This is the form they have in the Western style: u-, e-, a-. In other styles they may be pronounced also o-, i-, ə-.
	These may be used only in ~~informal Dama~~, and then with due care, so they may not be confused with the pronouns A (you), I (this/that), O (me). While the pronouns are written and pronounced as separate words, the prefixes can only be written joint to the word, and never be emphasized, while the emphasis should be on the second syllable (stem) or on the 3rd syllable (suffix), e.g. akúto, or akutó. If the prefix is quite distinctly emphasized by length or stress or higher pitch, it is taken not as a prefix, but as a pronoun: á kuto. For the meaning of emphasizing (mainly by lengthening) the stem syllable or the suffix syllable, see the ~~informal~~ Dama degrees (MUJO) above.		These may be used only in extended Daman, and then with due care, so they may not be confused with the pronouns A (you), I (this/that), O (me). While the pronouns are written and pronounced as separate words, the prefixes can only be written joint to the word, and never be emphasized, while the emphasis should be on the second syllable (stem) or on the 3rd syllable (suffix), e.g. akúto, or akutó. If the prefix is quite distinctly emphasized by length or stress or higher pitch, it is taken not as a prefix, but as a pronoun: á kuto. For the meaning of emphasizing (mainly by lengthening) the stem syllable or the suffix syllable, see the extended Dama degrees (MUJO) above.

	:		:
	~~Informal Dama~~ may be used (that is, sparingly) in spoken language when one has to be very quick in expressing something. In written texts, ~~informal Dama~~ may appear in order to render accurately some ~~informally~~ spoken phrases, in poetry for metric reasons, or in literature for creating more concise expressions than ~~formal Dama~~ can do (e.g., it is more concise to say "ejabo" (a cow), than "muto jabo", or "taino" (blue colour) than "tina buwo".		Extended Daman may be used (that is, sparingly) in spoken language when one has to be very quick in expressing something. In written texts, extended Daman may appear in order to render accurately some spoken phrases, in poetry for metric reasons, or in literature for creating more concise expressions than ordinary Daman can do (e.g., it is more concise to say "ejabo" (a cow), than "muto jabo", or "taino" (blue colour) than "tina buwo".

	:With verbs: (-e)		:With verbs: (-e)
	u- =BE BO, causative verb; e- =KIJE BO, passive verb; a- =KIRO MA BO, reflexive verb.		u- =BE BO, causative verb; e- =KIJE BO, passive verb; a- =KIRO MA BO, reflexive verb.

	The common way of forming causative verbs is through the verb BE "to do"; so, UN KUBA TIWA RIJON, KIRO JAAKON A KAWE, O BE "not only its footprints, I will show you the lion itself"; ~~informal Dama~~: KIRO ~~JAAKON~~ A ~~MA UKAWE~~". UKAWE =I make (you) see, I show (you). The causative verb marked by U- should not take 2 objects both in accusative, because that would bring confusion: *A TON JAAKON UKAWE is too bad a syntax, must not be used; instead, the last object (object of object) must be kept in accusative (-ON -E or -EN -O~~) and the first object of the causative verb should be shown as an indirect object (e.g. with -MA~~).		The common way of forming causative verbs is through the verb BE "to do"; so, UN KUBA TIWA RIJON, KIRO JAAKON A KAWE, O BE "not only its footprints, I will show you the lion itself"; extended Daman: KIRO JAAKO MA UKAWEN A". UKAWE =I make (you) see, I show (you). The causative verb marked by U- should not take 2 objects both in accusative, because that would bring confusion: *A TON JAAKON UKAWE is too bad a syntax, must not be used; instead, the last object (object of object) should be shown as an indirect object (e.g. with -MA), and the first object of the causative verb must be kept in accusative (-ON -E or -EN -O).

	:With adverbs: (-a)		:With adverbs: (-a)
	u- =WUMAN MIBA, comparative degree, "more than": UKÚTA=higher; e- =WUMAN BUNA, less than: EKÚTA =less high; a- =BUMAN MIBA, superlative: "to the highest degree" / "more than all others": AKÚTA =on the highest / higher than all others.		u- =WUMAN MIBA, comparative degree, "more than": UKÚTA=higher; e- =WUMAN BUNA, less than: EKÚTA =less high; a- =BUMAN MIBA, superlative: "to the highest degree" / "more than all others": AKÚTA =on the highest / higher than all others.

	::Prefixes to verbs and adverbs were only suspected before 2017 February 24. May be used in the future, but only as sparingly as possible. With these, ~~informal Dama~~ Diwan completes all possibilities for affixation, all possible use of the 3 vowels.		::Prefixes to verbs and adverbs were only suspected before 2017 February 24. May be used in the future, but only as sparingly as possible. With these, extended Daman Diwan completes all possibilities for affixation, all possible use of the 3 vowels.

	===== Highly accurate Dama Diwan / miba jeto Dama Diwan =====		===== Highly accurate Dama Diwan / miba jeto Dama Diwan =====

SostiMatiko: /* Summary of the extended features / jaro jinon june (JARO) */

2019-12-18T20:11:12Z

Summary of the extended features / jaro jinon june (JARO)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 18 December 2019
Line 74:		Line 74:
	:Lengthening of suffix vowel: diminutive		:Lengthening of suffix vowel: diminutive
	:(c=Consonant; v=Vowel; r=root; Ø=zero)		:(c=Consonant; v=Vowel; r=root; Ø=zero)
	:cAUc, cAIc, cA'Ac =the color or appearance of cUc, cIc, ~~cA'Ac~~ respectively.		:cAUc, cAIc, cA'Ac =the color or appearance of cUc, cIc, cAc respectively.
	:cUAc is not cUc.		:cUAc is not cUc.
	:cIAc is without cIc.		:cIAc is without cIc.
Line 88:		Line 88:
	:rOA=the way of the noun complex. rOI=to turn something into rO.		:rOA=the way of the noun complex. rOI=to turn something into rO.
	:Extra conjunctions: AJ=and; AW=is; AJN=after first modifier; AWN=question marker.		:Extra conjunctions: AJ=and; AW=is; AJN=after first modifier; AWN=question marker.
	:ØN: some/any.		:ØN: some/any (undefined object of the following verb).

	== Grammar / kiwan nijo ==		== Grammar / kiwan nijo ==