Учхљёная: Category.

2019-12-04T15:07:27Z

Category.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 4 December 2019
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	''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''		''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''

			[[Category:Languages]]

Учхљёная: /* Sample */

2019-12-04T15:03:45Z

Sample

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 4 December 2019
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	==Sample==		==Sample==
	{{main\|Literature:The North Wind and the Sun#Cyrmanian]]		{{main\|Literature:The North Wind and the Sun#Cyrmanian}}
	'''Ichrît a Nuyf y chi Norot au d'Aoz yn aomi dhet a mi gâvor, au ilôat a mîar y lhi ngaofar ûn. Ziget mine y mo net y mi gâvor, isôadh yn uyda mo na vîar yn igôath a chaofar.'''		'''Ichrît a Nuyf y chi Norot au d'Aoz yn aomi dhet a mi gâvor, au ilôat a mîar y lhi ngaofar ûn. Ziget mine y mo net y mi gâvor, isôadh yn uyda mo na vîar yn igôath a chaofar.'''

	''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''		''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''

Учхљёная: /* Sample */

2019-12-04T15:03:27Z

Sample

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 4 December 2019
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	==Sample==		==Sample==
			{{main\|Literature:The North Wind and the Sun#Cyrmanian]]
	'''Ichrît a Nuyf y chi Norot au d'Aoz yn aomi dhet a mi gâvor, au ilôat a mîar y lhi ngaofar ûn. Ziget mine y mo net y mi gâvor, isôadh yn uyda mo na vîar yn igôath a chaofar.'''		'''Ichrît a Nuyf y chi Norot au d'Aoz yn aomi dhet a mi gâvor, au ilôat a mîar y lhi ngaofar ûn. Ziget mine y mo net y mi gâvor, isôadh yn uyda mo na vîar yn igôath a chaofar.'''

	''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''		''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''

Dē Graut Bʉr: /* Numerals */

2017-11-19T01:35:26Z

Numerals

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:35, 19 November 2017
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	# eiz		# eiz
	# seiv		# seiv
	# avŵr<~~supR~~</sup>		# avŵr<sup>R</sup>
	# naivi		# naivi
	# tôar		# tôar

Dē Graut Bʉr: Created page with "'''Cyrmanian''' (''Kyrmi'') is a distant relative of Bearlandic. It is notable for having few inflections (though the ones it has are rather irregular) and a system of con..."

2017-11-19T01:34:01Z

Created page with "'''Cyrmanian''' (''Kyrmi'') is a distant relative of Bearlandic. It is notable for having few inflections (though the ones it has are rather irregular) and a system of con..."

New page

'''Cyrmanian''' (''Kyrmi'') is a distant relative of [[Bearlandic]]. It is notable for having few inflections (though the ones it has are rather irregular) and a system of consonant mutations.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Lateral
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! Nasal
| m /m/
| colspan="2" | n /n/
|
|
| ng /ŋ/
|
|-
! Stop
| p b /p b/
| colspan="2" | t d /t d/
|
|
| k g /k g/
|
|-
! Fricative
| f v /f v/
| th dh /θ ð/
| s z /s z/
| lh /ɬ/
|
| ch g /x ɣ/
| h /h/
|-
! Other
|
| colspan="2" | r /r/
| l /l/
| j /j/
|
|
|}

/ɣ/ only occurs as a result of consonant mutation.

===Vowels===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| i î /i~ɪ iː/
| u û /ʉ~ɵ ʉː/
| ŷ ŵ /ɯː uː/
|-
! Mid
| e ê /ɛ eː/
| y /ə/
| o ô /ɔ oː/
|-
! Low
|
| a â /a aː/
|
|}

There are also several diphthongs.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!
! i
! ə
! u
|-
! a
| ai /ai/
| ae /æe/
| ao /ɑo~ɒo/
|-
! e
| ei /ei/
|
|
|-
! i
|
| îa /iə/
| yw /ɪu~əu/
|-
! o
|
| rowspan="2" | ôa /oə~ʊə/
|
|-
! u
| uy /ʊi~əi/
|
|}

==Mutations==
There are three or four different types of consonant mutation, which are summarised in the table below.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
! Base consonant
! Lenition
! Nasalisation
! Fortition
|-
! p
| f
| m
|
|-
! t
| th
| n
|
|-
! k
| ch
| ng
|
|-
! b
| v
| m
| p
|-
! d
| dh
| n
| t
|-
! g
| g /ɣ/
| ng
| k
|-
! v
|
| m
| f
|-
! dh
|
| n
| th
|-
! z
|
|
| s
|-
! h
|
|
| h/ch
|-
! m
| v
|
|
|-
! r
|
|
| ch
|-
! l
|
|
| lh
|}
An empty cell indicates no change. Consonants not included in this chart do not mutate at all.

In a few instances, a special variant fortition occurs which only affects h, r and l. Note that h is not affected by the normal fortition.

Words triggering lenition, nasalisation, normal and special fortition are marked with L N S R respectively. Words which trigger nasalisation acquire an n at the end when followed by a word beginning with a vowel; similarly, words which trigger fortition acquire an s are the end under the same conditions.

==Nouns==
Nouns are inflected solely for number. The singular is unmarked, while the plural can be marked in a variety of ways.

The most regular way of forming plurals is by adding -ar. This suffix also forms the plurals of loanwords.
* ''chîach'' "beard" -> ''chîachar'' "beards"
* ''vorot'' "word" -> ''vorotar'' "words"

Many native nouns have irregular plurals which involve changes within the root. Most of those irregular plurals end in -r.
* ''bŵch'' "bird" -> ''bŵgar'' "birds"
* ''chys'' "goat" -> ''chŷr'' "goats"
* ''ruyd'' "brother" -> ''rîar'' "brothers"
* ''tynych'' "village" -> ''tingir'' "villages"

Nouns ending in -r tend to form plurals by vowel change alone, or by vowel change combined with the addition of an extra vowel (usually i) at the end.
* ''hever'' "fish" -> ''hevir'' "fish"
* ''air'' "year" -> ''îar'' "years"
* ''jevir'' "girl" -> ''jôari'' "girls"

Some nouns not ending in -r also form their plurals this way.
* ''hîad'' "hand" -> ''heiri'' "hands"
* ''vaira'' "bear" -> ''vâri'' "bears"

Lastly, some nouns have plurals ending in -n.
* ''aoth'' "language" -> ''aothin'' "languages"
* ''hyz'' "foot" -> ''hŷn'' "feet"

==Articles==
The articles are ''aN'' (indefinite singular) and ''daL'' (definite), the latter of which sometimes becomes ''a'' or ''na''. There is no plural indefinite article.

==Adjectives==
Adjectives follow nouns. If the noun ends in a consonant and the adjectives begins with a consonant, they may be linked by the linking particle ''y''.
* ''vaira gâvor'' "strong bear"
* ''mîar y gâvor'' "strong man"

==Pronouns==
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
!
! Subject
! Emphatic
! Object
! Possessive
|-
! 1sg
| i
| colspan="2" | maN
| maS
|-
! 2sg
| zi
| colspan="2" | zaN
| zaS
|-
! 3sg masculine
| colspan="3" | moN
| moS
|-
! 3sg feminine
| colspan="3" | chu
| chuS
|-
! 1pl
| colspan="2" | ao
| os
| oS
|-
! 2pl
| colspan="2" | hidhe
| hodhe
| hoS
|-
! 3pl
| colspan="3" | mine
| miS
|}
Note that ''ma'', ''za'' and ''mo'' can only trigger nasalisation on verbs and the definite article.

Other pronouns include the demonstrative/relative ''y'', which becomes ''yn'' when followed by a vowel-initial word, and which can be combined with the spatial adverbs ''îaz'' "here" and ''hîaz'' "there".

==Numerals==
# aon
# hyw
# chai
# îarR
# hî
# eiz
# seiv
# avŵr<supR
# naivi
# tôar
''Îar'' and ''avŵr'' lose their final -r if the following noun undergoes mutation.
* ''îar pînir'' "four children" but ''îa chîar'' "four brothers"

==Verbs==
Verbs distinguish two morphological tenses, present and past. The formation of the past tense is extremely irregular and sometimes even looks suppletive. The most common pattern consists of a circumfix i-t, possibly accompanied by a vowel change.
* ''tel'' "count" -> ''itelt'' "counted"
* ''lhyw'' "sleep" -> ''ilhôat'' "slept"

Sometimes the final -t surfaces as a th or dh instead.
* ''gaeth'' "remove" -> ''igôath'' "removed"
* ''seidh'' "know" -> ''isôadh'' "knew"

Sometimes the initial consonant changes.
* ''derys'' "drink" -> ''idhôat'' "drank"
* ''kuyz'' "see" -> ''ichût'' "saw"

Some verbs beginning with a vowel are prefixed with z- instead of i-.
* ''aid'' "eat" -> ''zaith'' "ate"

A few verbs have seemingly suppletive past-tense forms.
* ''ilais'' "run" -> ''iflîath'' "ran"
* ''fŵ'' "make" -> ''uyda'' "made"
* ''serei'' "fight" -> ''ichrît'' "fought"

An -n is added to verb forms ending in a vowel if the following word begins with a vowel.
* ''uyda mo'' "he made" but ''uydan i'' "I made"
* ''serei da vîar'' "the man fights" but ''serein a vîar'' "a man fights"

Verb forms which end in a voiceless coronal consonant trigger fortition of the pronoun ''zi'', after which the final consonant of the verb is dropped.
* ''idhôat i'' "I drank" but ''idhôa si'' "you drank"
* ''lai zi'' "you want" but ''ilei si'' "you wanted"

Those same verb forms also cause the definite article ''da'' to drop its initial d, but in this case the final consonant of the verb remains.
* ''âz da fîn'' "the child speaks" but ''ziget a fîn'' "the child spoke"

Sometimes the first and second person singular sound identical. In those cases it is common to add an emphatic pronoun before the verb.
* ''derys i'' "I drink" and ''dery si'' "you drink" -> ''ma nerys i'' "I drink" and ''za nery si'' "you drink"

==Word order==
The basic word order is VSO.

==Sample==
'''Ichrît a Nuyf y chi Norot au d'Aoz yn aomi dhet a mi gâvor, au ilôat a mîar y lhi ngaofar ûn. Ziget mine y mo net y mi gâvor, isôadh yn uyda mo na vîar yn igôath a chaofar.'''

''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the strongest, and then a man wearing a warm cloak came. They said that the one who could make the man take off his cloak was the strongest.''

Cyrmanian - Revision history

Учхљёная: Category.

Учхљёная: /* Sample */

Учхљёная: /* Sample */

Dē Graut Bʉr: /* Numerals */

Dē Graut Bʉr: Created page with "'''Cyrmanian''' (''Kyrmi'') is a distant relative of Bearlandic. It is notable for having few inflections (though the ones it has are rather irregular) and a system of con..."