Common Elvish - Revision history

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T14:09:59Z

Morphology

@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 :  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"
-Grade:
+Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony:
 : ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 : ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"
-Masculine agreement:
+Masculine agreement in first-person triggers:
 : ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 : ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me"
-Feminine agreement:
+Feminine agreement in first-person triggers:
 : ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
 : ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
 : ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me"

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T13:19:47Z

Morphology

Show changes

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T11:42:50Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 3 May 2025
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	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===
	==Morphology==		==Morphology==

	~~N (neuter) M (bright)~~

	~~P (bright) B (bright)~~




	In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:		In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:
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	Grade		Grade

	: ''u ~~beledam~~'' "he ~~speaks~~"		: ''u '' "it's him / he"

			: ''ou'' "he / he (obj.)"

			: ''óua'' "from him / to him"

	: ~~''ou biliat'' "he speaks it"~~		Level:

	: ''~~ōua~~ bel'' "he ~~himself~~ speaks it"		: ''ou bel'' "he speaks" / ''ei gor'' "she speaks"


	~~u húo nur~~


	~~dalpmi~~ / ~~darknu~~		''QUË'' > ''be'' / ''go'' "speak"


	~~gordn~~

			dalpmi / darknu

	i > i-ie > i-i-e		i > i-ie > i-i-e
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	~~nouns~~

	i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)		i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
	i (v) > i-e > i-e-a		i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
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	~~núr > nuró > nuruaqua~~

	~~míl > milé > miliana~~



			P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
	P > P-R > P-R-D > P-R-D-N

	N N-R-M (I)		N N-R-M (I)
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	D-R-P-		D-R-P-

	~~hōua~~		u húo miliada



	ani > ynuda		ani > ynuda

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T05:06:53Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:06, 3 May 2025
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	Grade		Grade

	: ''u ~~beledina~~''		: ''u beledam'' "he speaks"

	: ''ou b'' "he speaks"		: ''ou biliat'' "he speaks it"

	: ''ōua bel'' "he speaks"		: ''ōua bel'' "he himself speaks it"


	u húo nur		u húo nur

	~~miliarda~~

	dalpmi ~~dalapema~~		dalpmi / darknu
	~~Beledian berd~~

	~~gordnu~~		gordn


	~~beleriand~~		i > i-ie > i-i-e

			Verb crescence

	P-R-D		e > i-ia > e-e-a >
	D-R-P-M

			nouns
			i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
			i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
			e (v) >


			núr > nuró > nuruaqua

			míl > milé > miliana




			P > P-R > P-R-D > P-R-D-N

			N N-R-M (I)
			N N-R-H (U)

			M > M-L-N > M-L-N-D
			D-R-P-

	hōua		hōua

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T04:46:28Z

Morphology

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 : ''ALBA'' "person"
-Roots descend from Adamic adjectives:
+Sounds other than L and N are conserved at the end of roots:
-: ''-q-f-l-'' "speech" > ''qul'' "audible" > ''QUE-'' "speech"
+: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"
-Other roots besides L and N conserve the third consonant though.
+: ''maúr'' > NÚR "death"
 With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:
-: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo''
+: ''HÚ'' "dog" > ''u húo''
-: ''alba'' "person" > ''i elbi''
+: ''ALBA'' "person" > ''i elbi''
 The plural:
@@ Line 124: / Line 122: @@
 :  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-01T18:36:36Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:36, 1 May 2025
Line 90:		Line 90:
	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===
	==Morphology==		==Morphology==

	~~M > N-, -NG-, -N (dark) / M- (bright)~~

	N (neuter) M (bright)		N (neuter) M (bright)
Line 100:		Line 98:


	In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT.		In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT:

			: ''HÚ'' "dog"

	~~If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.~~		: ''ALBA'' "person"

			Roots descend from Adamic adjectives:

			: ''-q-f-l-'' "speech" > ''qul'' "audible" > ''QUE-'' "speech"

	The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its adjective form without the last consonant, ''qu-''. The root ''HÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hu-'' [...]		Other roots besides L and N conserve the third consonant though.



	Other roots besides L and N conserve ~~thr~~ third consonant though.

	: -m-f-r- > mur > NUR "death"		: -m-f-r- > mur > NUR "death"

	~~The~~ article:		With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:

	: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo''		: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo''
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	~~There is law in CE that within a root open syllables are long and closed syllables short~~

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-01T18:25:13Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:25, 1 May 2025
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	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===
	==Morphology==		==Morphology==

			M > N-, -NG-, -N (dark) / M- (bright)

			N (neuter) M (bright)

			P (bright) B (bright)



	~~M > N-, -NG-, -N (dark) / M- (bright)~~
			In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT.


	~~In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT.~~ If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.		If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.


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	Other roots besides L and N conserve thr third consonant though.		Other roots besides L and N conserve thr third consonant though.

	-m-f-r- > mur > NUR~~- > nur~~ "death"		: -m-f-r- > mur > NUR "death"

	The article:		The article:
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	: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"		: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"

	: > ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons		: ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-01T18:10:51Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 1 May 2025
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	The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its adjective form without the last consonant, ''qu-''. The root ''HÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hu-'' [...] ~~Other roots besides L and N conserve thr third consonant though.~~		The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its adjective form without the last consonant, ''qu-''. The root ''HÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hu-'' [...]

	-m-f-r- > mur > NUR- > u ~~núru (DARK)~~

			Other roots besides L and N conserve thr third consonant though.

			-m-f-r- > mur > NUR- > nur "death"

			The article:

			: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo''

			: ''alba'' "person" > ''i elbi''

			The plural:

			: ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i níe'' "the dogs"

			: > ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons


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	~~To form~~ the singular, ~~for any pure root ending in~~ a ~~consonant, one merely adds ''-u'' [Adamic ''-u''] if the root is DARK, otherwise ''-a''.~~		For the singular, add a colored vowel:

	:''~~ALF-~~'' "human / elf" > ''alba'' "human / elf"		:''ALB'' "human / elf" > ''alba'' "human / elf"

	:''NÚR-'' "death" > ''núru'' "death"		:''NÚR-'' "death" > ''núru'' "death"

	If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-le'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''u'', however, one adds ''-o'' ~~[Adamic~~ ''-u''] instead.		If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.

	:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"		:''QUE-'' > ''quele'' "sound"
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	~~The definite article is ''iau''.~~		"



	~~: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i ný'' "the dogs"~~

	~~: ''alba'' "person" > ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"~~

	quoro		quoro

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-01T17:41:22Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:41, 1 May 2025
Line 98:		Line 98:
	In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT. If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.		In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT. If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.

	~~-m-f-r- > mō- > NÚR- > núru (DARK)~~

	The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its ~~canonic verbal~~ form ''~~qua~~-''. The root ''~~KHÚ~~-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' ~~"to bark"~~. ~~The root ''LÁ~~-~~'' from ''lā~~-~~'' "to use the tongue". ''KHE~~-~~'' from ''qia~~-~~'' "to see"...~~
			The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its adjective form without the last consonant, ''qu-''. The root ''HÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hu-'' [...] Other roots besides L and N conserve thr third consonant though.

			-m-f-r- > mur > NUR- > u núru (DARK)



			There is law in CE that within a root open syllables are long and closed syllables short



	To form the singular, for any pure root ending in a consonant, one merely adds ''-u'' [Adamic ''-u''] if the root is DARK, otherwise ''-a''.		To form the singular, for any pure root ending in a consonant, one merely adds ''-u'' [Adamic ''-u''] if the root is DARK, otherwise ''-a''.
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	If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.		If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.

	:''QUE-'' + ''-n-'' [~~verbal~~ affix] > ''quenda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"		:''QUE-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quenda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"

	~~The definite article is ''i(l)'' (fusion of Canonic ''-l'' with Adamic ''iru''), which is invariable.~~

	~~:''i húo'' "the dog"~~

	:''i hý'' "the dogs"

			The definite article is ''iau''.

			: ''hú'' "dog" > ''u húo'' "the dog" > ''i ný'' "the dogs"

			: ''alba'' "person" > ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"

			quoro

	The personal pronouns:		The personal pronouns:

	:''ni'' "I", ''me'' "we"		: ''ny'' "I", ''my'' "we"

			: ''luo, lie'' "you (sin.), ''rie'' "you (plu.)"

			: ''ou, ei'' "he, she", ''ū, ī'' "they"

	~~:''tye'' "you (sin.) (familiar)" / ''lye'' "you (sin.) (formal)", ''rye'' "you (plu.)"~~

	~~:''(s)e'' "he/she", ''sa'' "it", ''heli'' "they", ''hilar'' "they"~~

	The copula:		The copula:
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	:''hú il elbi'' "the man's dog"		:''hú il elbi'' "the man's dog"

			'

			LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language"

	~~LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language"~~ *irregular extension; compare ''gásca'' "throat"		*irregular extension; compare ''gásca'' "throat"
	ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten"		ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten"

	lunda "flood", lundë "rain"		lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
	''hendë'', ''hendi'' "eye, eyes"		''hendë'', ''hendi'' "eye, eyes"

Veno: /* Morphology */

2025-05-01T15:57:56Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 1 May 2025
Line 90:		Line 90:
	===Morphophonology===		===Morphophonology===
	==Morphology==		==Morphology==



			M > N-, -NG-, -N (dark) / M- (bright)


			In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT. If a word is dark, it can only contain dark and neuter sounds.

			-m-f-r- > mō- > NÚR- > núru (DARK)

	The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form ''qua-''. The root ''KHÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' "to bark". The root ''LÁ-'' from ''lā-'' "to use the tongue". ''KHE-'' from ''qia-'' "to see"...		The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form ''qua-''. The root ''KHÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' "to bark". The root ''LÁ-'' from ''lā-'' "to use the tongue". ''KHE-'' from ''qia-'' "to see"...
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	Sound: QUE- (n.), HIR- (adj.), BE- (		Sound: QUE- (n.), HIR- (adj.), BE- (

	''ben'' "I speak", ''~~bet~~'' "you speak", ''bes'' "he/she speaks"		''ben'' "I speak", ''bel'' "you speak", ''bes'' "he/she speaks"



			''vāl'' > ''alfu''
			''hul'' > ''húo''

	~~''vāl'' > ''alfu''<br>~~		''qul'' > ''quele''
	~~''hul'' > ''húo''<br>~~
	''qul'' > ''quele''~~<br>~~

	DARK hú "dog"		DARK ''húo'' "dog"
	BRIGHT alba "human"		BRIGHT ''alba'' "human"

	==Sound Laws==		==Sound Laws==