Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs - Revision history

Lili21: /* Uses of verbs */

2021-06-11T16:01:32Z

Uses of verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 11 June 2021
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	# Gnomic or potential meanings (the latter are usually not marked with the potential ''junia'' if it's a natural trait - see second example):		# Gnomic or potential meanings (the latter are usually not marked with the potential ''junia'' if it's a natural trait - see second example):
	#: ''gūṇai mordhāhai'' – birds fly.		#: ''gūṇai mordhāhai'' – birds fly.
	#: ''sūrṣirāhe lalāruṇai pāmvyų lilų ~~nanū~~ dårbhāhaite'' – large lalāruṇai [can] carry more than three people.		#: ''sūrṣirāhe lalāruṇai pāmvyų lilų širē dårbhāhaite'' – large lalāruṇai [can] carry more than three people.
	# In the past and in both future tenses, they can mark completed movements, that is, movement to a place and then back again. The perfect has roughly the meaning of "...to have just come back".		# In the past and in both future tenses, they can mark completed movements, that is, movement to a place and then back again. The perfect has roughly the meaning of "...to have just come back".
	#: ''lilyā buneya ajāɂilbādhyom mordhek'' – my older sister went (flew) to Ajāɂilbādhi [and came back].		#: ''lilyā buneya ajāɂilbādhyom mordhek'' – my older sister went (flew) to Ajāɂilbādhi [and came back].

Lili21: /* To wear, put on, take off */

2020-10-26T14:30:36Z

To wear, put on, take off

Lili21: /* Meanings of forms */

2020-07-17T16:14:49Z

Meanings of forms

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 17 July 2020
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	The interior forms have a dynamic, middle-voice meaning:		The interior forms have a dynamic, middle-voice meaning:
	: ''tatyairu'' – I stand up.		: ''tatyairu'' – I stand up.
	: ''kamilire ~~læjlom~~ āmmertire'' – (s)he is sitting down on the blue chair.		: ''kamilire širēmyom āmmertire'' – (s)he is sitting down on the blue chair.
	: ''phēcam eṇom švotire'' – the cat is lying down under the table.		: ''phēcam eṇom švotire'' – the cat is lying down under the table.

Lili21: /* Meanings of forms */

2020-07-17T16:14:34Z

Meanings of forms

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 17 July 2020
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	The basic (exterior non-causative) forms of these verbs all have a static meaning and are always intransitive:		The basic (exterior non-causative) forms of these verbs all have a static meaning and are always intransitive:
	: ''tatimu'' – I am standing.		: ''tatimu'' – I am standing.
	: ''kamilire ~~læjle~~ āmmertē'' – (s)he is sitting on the blue chair.		: ''kamilire širēmye āmmertē'' – (s)he is sitting on the blue chair.
	: ''phēcam eṇāt švotē'' – the cat is lying under the table.		: ''phēcam eṇāt švotē'' – the cat is lying under the table.

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	The English verb "to remain" is translated by ''lįnake'' (class 2 thematic). For the ''-tyā-'' verbs, it is used alone (with the appropriate prefix), while for the other two columns it is used as an auxiliary together with the infinitive of the positional verb:		The English verb "to remain" is translated by ''lįnake'' (class 2 thematic). For the ''-tyā-'' verbs, it is used alone (with the appropriate prefix), while for the other two columns it is used as an auxiliary together with the infinitive of the positional verb:
	: ''lęnu'' – I remain [standing].		: ''lęnu'' – I remain [standing].
	: ''kamilire ~~læjle~~ āmmirtelęnē'' – (s)he remains sitting on the blue chair.		: ''kamilire širēmye āmmirtelęnē'' – (s)he remains sitting on the blue chair.
	: ''phēcam eṇāt švuktelęnē'' – the cat remains lying under the table.		: ''phēcam eṇāt švuktelęnē'' – the cat remains lying under the table.

Lili21: /* To wear, put on, take off */

2020-07-04T21:01:38Z

To wear, put on, take off

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, 4 July 2020
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	\| Hands, wrists <small>(gloves, bracelets...)</small> \|\| kamidhānake \|\| kįladhānake \|\| ''dhāna'' "hand"		\| Hands, wrists <small>(gloves, bracelets...)</small> \|\| kamidhānake \|\| kįladhānake \|\| ''dhāna'' "hand"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Legs (except bandaged-around clothing that also covers the trunk)<br/>Trousers, pants \|\| nampājike \|\| ~~nenipājike~~ \|\| ''pājya'' "leg"		\| Legs (except bandaged-around clothing that also covers the trunk)<br/>Trousers, pants \|\| nampājike \|\| nanipājike \|\| ''pājya'' "leg"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Something with (long) sleeves \|\| ānsnīrṣmake \|\| yanasnīrṣmake \|\| rowspan=2 \| ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket"		\| Something with (long) sleeves \|\| ānsnīrṣmake \|\| yanasnīrṣmake \|\| rowspan=2 \| ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket"

Lili21: /* Positional verbs (jalyadaradhaus) */

2020-07-04T20:50:38Z

Positional verbs (jalyadaradhaus)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 4 July 2020
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	\| Under, below ('''šu-''') \|\| šutyāke \|\| šumirte \|\| šūkte		\| Under, below ('''šu-''') \|\| šutyāke \|\| šumirte \|\| šūkte
	\|-		\|-
	\| In the middle of, between ('''~~khl~~-''') \|\| ṭvātyāke \|\| ṭvāmirte \|\| ṭvaukte		\| In the middle of, between ('''ṭvā-''') \|\| ṭvātyāke \|\| ṭvāmirte \|\| ṭvaukte
	\|-		\|-
	\| Together with, among ('''gin-''') \|\| gintyāke \|\| gimmirte \|\| ginukte		\| Together with, among ('''gin-''') \|\| gintyāke \|\| gimmirte \|\| ginukte

Lili21: /* Positional verbs (jalyadaradhaus) */

2020-07-04T20:50:25Z

Positional verbs (jalyadaradhaus)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 4 July 2020
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	\| Under, below ('''šu-''') \|\| šutyāke \|\| šumirte \|\| šūkte		\| Under, below ('''šu-''') \|\| šutyāke \|\| šumirte \|\| šūkte
	\|-		\|-
	\| In the middle of, between ('''khl-''') \|\| ~~khlatyāke~~ \|\| ~~khlumirte~~ \|\| ~~khlukte~~		\| In the middle of, between ('''khl-''') \|\| ṭvātyāke \|\| ṭvāmirte \|\| ṭvaukte
	\|-		\|-
	\| Together with, among ('''gin-''') \|\| gintyāke \|\| gimmirte \|\| ginukte		\| Together with, among ('''gin-''') \|\| gintyāke \|\| gimmirte \|\| ginukte

Lili21: /* Case usage */

2020-05-31T07:32:03Z

Case usage

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 31 May 2020
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	Distances from one point to another are expressed using the essive case:		Distances from one point to another are expressed using the essive case:
	{{Gloss		{{Gloss
	\| phrase = jāryakūraṇa līlasuṃghāṇat vælknihælęs ~~vyaṣojręs~~ bistimē.		\| phrase = jāryakūraṇa līlasuṃghāṇat vælknihælęs vaiṣryęs bistimē.
	\| gloss = Jāryakūrana.<small>DIR</small>. Līlasuṃghāṇa-<small>EXESS</small>. 60<sub>12</sub>-<small>ESS</small>. ~~vyaṣojrā~~-<small>ESS.SG</small>. stand_far_from.<small>IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.		\| gloss = Jāryakūrana.<small>DIR</small>. Līlasuṃghāṇa-<small>EXESS</small>. 60<sub>12</sub>-<small>ESS</small>. vaiṣrya-<small>ESS.SG</small>. stand_far_from.<small>IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.
	\| translation = Jāryakūraṇa is 72 ~~vyaṣojrai~~ (~80 km) away from Līlasuṃghāṇa.		\| translation = Jāryakūraṇa is 72 vaiṣryai (~80 km) away from Līlasuṃghāṇa.
	}}		}}

Lili21: /* Uses of verbs */

2020-05-14T16:47:28Z

Uses of verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 14 May 2020
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	# Habitual actions:		# Habitual actions:
	#: ''jāyim tarlāmahom mbeṇḍhē'' – the girl goes (walks) to school (regularly, every schoolday)		#: ''jāyim tarlāmahom mbeṇḍhē'' – the girl goes (walks) to school (regularly, every schoolday)
	#: ''~~saminą~~ lilyā ñæltai jaje lærṣaika'' – when they were children, my sisters regularly swam in the igarapé.		#: ''nūryāra lilyā ñæltai jaje lærṣaika'' – when they were children, my sisters regularly swam in the igarapé.
	# Movement inside a specific location (often expressed with locative-trigger voice), without any specified direction.		# Movement inside a specific location (often expressed with locative-trigger voice), without any specified direction.
	#: ''jaja lærṣērā'' – as for the igarapé, someone is swimming in there. (literally "the igarapé, it is being swum")		#: ''jaja lærṣērā'' – as for the igarapé, someone is swimming in there. (literally "the igarapé, it is being swum")

Lili21: /* Meanings of forms */

2020-05-14T16:46:47Z

Meanings of forms

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:46, 14 May 2020
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	The causative exterior forms have a dynamic, causative meaning, while the causative interior ones are morphologically possible but practically never used:		The causative exterior forms have a dynamic, causative meaning, while the causative interior ones are morphologically possible but practically never used:
	: ''kåmbu tatetyaisu'' – I put the bag down [in a standing position].		: ''kåmbu tatetyaisu'' – I put the bag down [in a standing position].
	: ''~~samin~~ tatemirtīde'' – they two seat the baby down.		: ''nūrya tatemirtīde'' – they two seat the baby down.
	: ''kåmbu tatayutisu'' – I put the bag down [in a horizontal position].		: ''kåmbu tatayutisu'' – I put the bag down [in a horizontal position].

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 26 October 2020
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	! Clothing type/body part !! To wear/to put on !! To take off !! Related root		! Clothing type/body part !! To wear/to put on !! To take off !! Related root
	\|-		\|-
	\| Any clothing bandaged around the body, plus most things worn around the trunk<br/><small>(Most generic verb, but does not cover all other meanings)</small> \|\| kamikyāke \|\| ~~kįlakyāke~~ \|\| ''ukyā'' "trunk"		\| Any clothing bandaged around the body, plus most things worn around the trunk<br/><small>(Most generic verb, but does not cover all other meanings)</small> \|\| kamikyāke \|\| karakyāke \|\| ''ukyā'' "trunk"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Shoes, socks, anything else on the feet and/or ankles \|\| kamijunaike \|\| ~~kįlajunaike~~ \|\| ''junai'' "foot"		\| Shoes, socks, anything else on the feet and/or ankles \|\| kamijunaike \|\| karajunaike \|\| ''junai'' "foot"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Head and neck <small>(hats, caps, tiaras, necklaces...)</small> \|\| āṃlāṇṭake \|\| yanalāṇṭake \|\| ''lāṇṭam'' "head"		\| Head and neck <small>(hats, caps, tiaras, necklaces...)</small> \|\| āṃlāṇṭake \|\| yanalāṇṭake \|\| ''lāṇṭam'' "head"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Hands, wrists <small>(gloves, bracelets...)</small> \|\| kamidhānake \|\| ~~kįladhānake~~ \|\| ''dhāna'' "hand"		\| Hands, wrists <small>(gloves, bracelets...)</small> \|\| kamidhānake \|\| karadhānake \|\| ''dhāna'' "hand"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Legs (except bandaged-around clothing that also covers the trunk)<br/>Trousers, pants \|\| nampājike \|\| nanipājike \|\| ''pājya'' "leg"		\| Legs (except bandaged-around clothing that also covers the trunk)<br/>Trousers, pants \|\| nampājike \|\| nanipājike \|\| ''pājya'' "leg"
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	\| Something with (long) sleeves \|\| ānsnīrṣmake \|\| yanasnīrṣmake \|\| rowspan=2 \| ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket"		\| Something with (long) sleeves \|\| ānsnīrṣmake \|\| yanasnīrṣmake \|\| rowspan=2 \| ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Blankets (not worn) \|\| kamisnīrṣmake \|\| ~~kįlasnīrṣmake~~		\| Blankets (not worn) \|\| kamisnīrṣmake \|\| karasnīrṣmake
	\|}		\|}

	Note that the sense of "to wear" is most usually translated with patient-trigger voice - e.g. ''pāṇḍire jūnekah ātvitei kamikyāyē'' "(s)he wears white robes" - while "to put on" with agent-trigger voice ''pāṇḍire jūneku kamitekyāyē'' "(s)he puts/is putting on white robes".		Note that the sense of "to wear" is most usually translated with patient-trigger voice - e.g. ''pāṇḍire jūnekah ātvitei kamikyāyē'' "(s)he wears white robes" - while "to put on" with agent-trigger voice ''pāṇḍire jūneku kamitekyāyē'' "(s)he puts/is putting on white robes".

	A few more specific verbs exist, like for example the pair ''kamilāṇṭake''/''~~kįlalāṇṭake~~'', used for putting on/taking off a ''lāṇṭepenai'' (colloquially just ''penai''), a kind of net made of Calemerian juta (''lāriṭa'') usually worn by adolescent girls (traditionally it was worn by unmarried women) with "cotton" hair (''bhadvausāk''<ref>Plural only, shaped on ''pārāk'' (hair).</ref>, or how Chlouvānem people call "Afro-textured hair").		A few more specific verbs exist, like for example the pair ''kamilāṇṭake''/''karalāṇṭake'', used for putting on/taking off a ''lāṇṭepenai'' (colloquially just ''penai''), a kind of net made of Calemerian juta (''lāriṭa'') usually worn by adolescent girls (traditionally it was worn by unmarried women) with "cotton" hair (''bhadvausāk''<ref>Plural only, shaped on ''pārāk'' (hair).</ref>, or how Chlouvānem people call "Afro-textured hair").

	==Notes==		==Notes==

	[[Category:Chlouvānem]]		[[Category:Chlouvānem]]