Carpathian nouns - Revision history

Raistas: /* Possession */

2023-03-10T16:37:30Z

Possession

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 10 March 2023
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	==Possession==		==Possession==
	The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widēji māterinsi” and “widēji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai ~~atandōde~~ paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:		The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widēji māterinsi” and “widēji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai atandōdesa paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-

Raistas: /* Possession */

2023-03-10T16:36:35Z

Possession

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 10 March 2023
Line 462:		Line 462:

	==Possession==		==Possession==
	The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''~~“widējeji~~ māterinsi” and ~~“widējeji~~ māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai atandōde paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:		The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widēji māterinsi” and “widēji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai atandōde paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-

Raistas: /* ī-stem nouns */

2023-02-26T10:33:10Z

ī-stem nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:33, 26 February 2023
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	\|''màrtīn''		\|''màrtīn''
	\|''martī́''		\|''martī́''
	\|''~~màrtīns~~''		\|''màrtīnis''
	\|-		\|-
	!Instrumental		!Instrumental
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	\|''màrtīs''		\|''màrtīs''
	\|}		\|}

	===''ū''-stem nouns===		===''ū''-stem nouns===
	The "ū"-stem nouns are feminine. An example of this class is ''burū'' “eyebrow”. The class consist of mostly abstract nouns, derived from adjectives or verbal nouns, as well as old inanimate nouns, such as ''lakū'' “lake”. Most of these nouns became ''is''-stem in modern Carpathian (Western Carpathian ''lokwis'' “pond”).		The "ū"-stem nouns are feminine. An example of this class is ''burū'' “eyebrow”. The class consist of mostly abstract nouns, derived from adjectives or verbal nouns, as well as old inanimate nouns, such as ''lakū'' “lake”. Most of these nouns became ''is''-stem in modern Carpathian (Western Carpathian ''lokwis'' “pond”).

Raistas: /* u-stem nouns */

2023-02-26T10:19:58Z

u-stem nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:19, 26 February 2023
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	\|''lèdū''		\|''lèdū''
	\|''mèdwī''		\|''mèdwī''
	\|''~~lèdawes~~''		\|''lèdawis''
	\|''mèdū''		\|''mèdū''
	\|-		\|-
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	\|''mèdū''		\|''mèdū''
	\|}		\|}

	===''ī''-stem nouns ===		===''ī''-stem nouns ===
	The "ī"-stem nouns are feminine. An example of this class is ''martī'' “married woman”. The "ī"-class consist of primarily deadjectival nouns of state or condition, as well as some old feminine noun forms, such as the example noun, as well as the Slavic borrowing ''pānī'' (from Polish ''pani'' “Mrs”). The last root consonant is palatalised in oblique cases, unless the consonant is labial or glottal.		The "ī"-stem nouns are feminine. An example of this class is ''martī'' “married woman”. The "ī"-class consist of primarily deadjectival nouns of state or condition, as well as some old feminine noun forms, such as the example noun, as well as the Slavic borrowing ''pānī'' (from Polish ''pani'' “Mrs”). The last root consonant is palatalised in oblique cases, unless the consonant is labial or glottal.

Raistas: /* ā-stem nouns */

2023-02-26T09:59:25Z

ā-stem nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:59, 26 February 2023
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	\|''rasā́n''		\|''rasā́n''
	\|''rasā́mā''		\|''rasā́mā''
	\|''~~rasámīs~~''		\|''rasā́mīs''
	\|-		\|-
	!Locative		!Locative

Raistas: /* a-stem nouns */

2023-02-26T09:56:46Z

a-stem nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 26 February 2023
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	\|''deĩwū''		\|''deĩwū''
	\|''àzerai''		\|''àzerai''
	\|''~~deĩwōns~~''		\|''deĩwōnas''
	\|''azerā̃''		\|''azerā̃''
	\|-		\|-

Raistas: /* a-stem nouns */

2023-02-26T09:56:12Z

a-stem nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 26 February 2023
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	\|''deĩwū''		\|''deĩwū''
	\|''àzerai''		\|''àzerai''
	\|''~~deĩwōn~~''		\|''deĩwōns''
	\|''azerā̃''		\|''azerā̃''
	\|-		\|-
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	\|''azerā̃''		\|''azerā̃''
	\|}		\|}

	===''ā''-stem nouns ===		===''ā''-stem nouns ===
	The "ā"-stem nouns are feminine. An example of this class is ''rasā'' “dew”. The Western dialects have tone-2 in the M-type nouns, while the Eastern dialects keep the original tone-1 (Western ''rasā̃'' Eastern ''rasā́''). Tone-1 was analogically eliminated from the M-paradigm in most Western Carpathian dialects, being replaced by circumflex, thus being restricted to the AS-type exclusively.		The "ā"-stem nouns are feminine. An example of this class is ''rasā'' “dew”. The Western dialects have tone-2 in the M-type nouns, while the Eastern dialects keep the original tone-1 (Western ''rasā̃'' Eastern ''rasā́''). Tone-1 was analogically eliminated from the M-paradigm in most Western Carpathian dialects, being replaced by circumflex, thus being restricted to the AS-type exclusively.

Raistas: /* Classes */

2023-02-22T21:21:35Z

Classes

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:21, 22 February 2023
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	\|''ànglī''		\|''ànglī''
	\|''màrī''		\|''màrī''
	\|''~~àngilinis~~''		\|''àngilins''
	\|''màrī''		\|''màrī''
	\|-		\|-
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	\|''lèdū''		\|''lèdū''
	\|''mèdwī''		\|''mèdwī''
	\|''~~lèdunus~~''		\|''lèduns''
	\|''mèdū''		\|''mèdū''
	\|-		\|-
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	\|''màrtīn''		\|''màrtīn''
	\|''martī́''		\|''martī́''
	\|''~~màrtīnis~~''		\|''màrtīns''
	\|-		\|-
	!Instrumental		!Instrumental
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	\|''bùrwin''		\|''bùrwin''
	\|''bùrū''		\|''bùrū''
	\|''~~bùrwinis~~''		\|''bùrwins''
	\|-		\|-
	!Instrumental		!Instrumental
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	\|''dùkterī''		\|''dùkterī''
	\|''ìmmenī''		\|''ìmmenī''
	\|''-~~eCinis~~''		\|''-eCins''
	\|''~~dùkterinis~~''		\|''dùkterins''
	\|''immenā̃''		\|''immenā̃''
	\|-		\|-
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	\|}		\|}
	*The letter '''C''' in the table above represents a consonant that defines the subclass: ''n'', ''nt'', ''s'' or ''r''.		*The letter '''C''' in the table above represents a consonant that defines the subclass: ''n'', ''nt'', ''s'' or ''r''.

	==Possession==		==Possession==
	The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widējeji māterinsi” and “widējeji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai atandōde paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:		The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widējeji māterinsi” and “widējeji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai atandōde paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:

Raistas: /* Possession */

2023-02-22T21:03:26Z

Possession

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 22 February 2023
Line 458:		Line 458:
	*The letter '''C''' in the table above represents a consonant that defines the subclass: ''n'', ''nt'', ''s'' or ''r''.		*The letter '''C''' in the table above represents a consonant that defines the subclass: ''n'', ''nt'', ''s'' or ''r''.
	==Possession==		==Possession==
	The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widējeji māterinsi” and “widējeji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai ~~asandōde~~ paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:		The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widējeji māterinsi” and “widējeji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai atandōde paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-

Raistas: /* Possession */

2023-02-22T21:01:40Z

Possession

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, 22 February 2023
Line 458:		Line 458:
	*The letter '''C''' in the table above represents a consonant that defines the subclass: ''n'', ''nt'', ''s'' or ''r''.		*The letter '''C''' in the table above represents a consonant that defines the subclass: ''n'', ''nt'', ''s'' or ''r''.
	==Possession==		==Possession==
	The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widējeji māterinsi” and “widējeji ~~māterinna”~~'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai ~~atandōde~~ paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:		The category of [[w:Possession (linguistics)\|possession]] is indicated with possessive [[w:Possessive affix\|affixes]]. The number of possessors and their person can be distinguished in both suffixes and prefixes. The prefixes are used with nouns that have no other prefixes attached, while in case, when a noun has at least one prefix, suffixes are used instead, for example: '''''mi'''damas'' “my house”, ''pasatiā'''ti''''' “your story”. Just as pronouns, the possessive suffixes distinguish between the more salient and the less salient argument of a sentence, also called [[w:Obviative\|fourth person]]. For instance both ''“widējeji māterinsi” and “widējeji māterinii”'' mean “he/she saw their mother”, but in the first sentence the person saw their own mother, while in the second sentence the person saw someone else’s mother. The sentence ''Martā Marijai asandōde paislanna'' “Martha gave Mary her pen” is not ambiguous in Carpathian (the ''-na'' suffix indicates, that it was Maria’s pen, not Martha’s). All Carpathian possessive affixes are represented in the table below:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
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	\| 3rd person<br>Animate \|\| ''ji(s)-''\|\| ''jī(s)-'' \|\| ''ei(s)- \|\| ''-(j)i''\|\| ''-(j)ī'' \|\| ''-(j)eis'' \|\| their (proximate)		\| 3rd person<br>Animate \|\| ''ji(s)-''\|\| ''jī(s)-'' \|\| ''ei(s)- \|\| ''-(j)i''\|\| ''-(j)ī'' \|\| ''-(j)eis'' \|\| their (proximate)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3rd person<br>Inanimate \|\| ''es(i)-'' \|\| ''jī-'' \|\| ''~~jai~~-'' \|\| ''-~~(j)i~~'' \|\| ''-~~(j)ī~~'' \|\| ''-~~(j)ei~~'' \|\| its (proximate)		\| 3rd person<br>Inanimate \|\| ''ši(s)-'' \|\| ''šī(s)-'' \|\| ''šai(s)-'' \|\| ''-ši'' \|\| ''-šī'' \|\| ''-šei'' \|\| its (proximate)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3rd person<br>Animate \|\| ''an-'' \|\| ''nō-'' \|\| ''nai-'' \|\| ''-na'' \|\| ''-nī'' \|\| ''-nais'' \|\| their (obviate)		\| 3rd person<br>Animate \|\| ''an-'' \|\| ''nō-'' \|\| ''nai-'' \|\| ''-na'' \|\| ''-nī'' \|\| ''-nais'' \|\| their (obviate)