Brytho-Hellenic - Revision history

Tselios: No reason to add the "General information" part.

2023-09-19T17:22:15Z

No reason to add the "General information" part.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:22, 19 September 2023
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	\|creator = User:Llyn		\|creator = User:Llyn
	}}		}}

	~~==General information==~~

	'''Brytho-Hellenic''', '''Brythohellenic''' or simply '''Neohellenic''' (the native name is ''Elynic'') is a language that is spoken nowadays in a different timeline in a country that corresponds almost exactly to our England and to our Wales.		'''Brytho-Hellenic''', '''Brythohellenic''' or simply '''Neohellenic''' (the native name is ''Elynic'') is a language that is spoken nowadays in a different timeline in a country that corresponds almost exactly to our England and to our Wales.

Sware at 21:27, 4 July 2021

2021-07-04T21:27:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:27, 4 July 2021
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	\|map = Elas_mini.gif		\|map = Elas_mini.gif
	\|mapcaption = New Greece or "Elas to Cain"		\|mapcaption = New Greece or "Elas to Cain"
	\|~~script~~ = Latn		\|script1 = Latn
	\|creator = User:Llyn		\|creator = User:Llyn
	}}		}}

Sware at 21:26, 4 July 2021

2021-07-04T21:26:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:26, 4 July 2021
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	\|name = Brytho-Hellenic		\|name = Brytho-Hellenic
	\|nativename = Elynic (to cain)		\|nativename = Elynic (to cain)
	\|pronunciation = [ɛ'li:nik 'tɔ 'kai̯n]		\|pronunciation = ɛ'li:nik 'tɔ 'kai̯n
	\|~~region~~ = Europe		\|setting = Europe
	\|states = Elas to Cain		\|states = Elas to Cain
	\|nation = Elas to Cain		\|nation = Elas to Cain
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	\|date = 2012		\|date = 2012
	\|familycolor = Indo-European		\|familycolor = Indo-European
	~~\|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages\|Indo-European]]~~
	\|fam2 = [[w:Hellenic_languages\|Hellenic]]		\|fam2 = [[w:Hellenic_languages\|Hellenic]]
	\|fam3 = Celto-Hellenic		\|fam3 = Celto-Hellenic
	\|map = Elas_mini.gif		\|map = Elas_mini.gif
	\|mapcaption = New Greece or "Elas to Cain"		\|mapcaption = New Greece or "Elas to Cain"
	\|~~iso1~~ = el		\|script = Latn
	\|~~iso2~~ = ~~ely~~		\|creator = User:Llyn
	~~\|iso3 = ely~~
	~~\|script = [[w~~:~~Latin script\|Latin script]]~~
	}}		}}

Chrysophylax: Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

2017-01-20T02:58:09Z

Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:58, 20 January 2017
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	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:~~Conlangs~~]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]]		[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]]

IlL: /* Consonantal phonemes */

2015-05-17T14:16:01Z

Consonantal phonemes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 17 May 2015
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	===Consonantal phonemes===		===Consonantal phonemes===

	Brytho-Hellenic has the following ~~consonantic~~ phonemes:		Brytho-Hellenic has the following consonant phonemes:

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}


	===Vocalic phonemes===		===Vocalic phonemes===

IlL: /* Alphabet */

2015-05-17T14:14:20Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 17 May 2015
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	===Alphabet===		===Alphabet===

	After the defeat against the Persians almost all of the Greek population fled towards Roman territory: Rome ~~triplicated~~ its population and was ~~greekized~~. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes.		After the defeat against the Persians almost all of the Greek population fled towards Roman territory; Rome tripled its population and was Hellenized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes.
	As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brytho-Hellenic contains 24 letters:		As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brytho-Hellenic contains 24 letters:

IlL: /* Alphabet */

2015-05-17T14:13:50Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 17 May 2015
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	===Alphabet===		===Alphabet===

	After the defeat against the Persians almost the ~~entire~~ Greek ~~people~~ fled towards Roman territory: Rome triplicated its population and was greekized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes.		After the defeat against the Persians almost all of the Greek population fled towards Roman territory: Rome triplicated its population and was greekized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes.
	As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brytho-Hellenic contains 24 letters:		As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brytho-Hellenic contains 24 letters:

IlL: /* General information */

2015-05-17T14:09:43Z

General information

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 17 May 2015
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	==General information==		==General information==

	'''Brytho-Hellenic''', ~~Brytho-Hellenic~~ or simply '''Neohellenic''' (the native name is ''Elynic'') is a language that is spoken nowadays in a different timeline in a country that corresponds almost exactly to our England and to our Wales.		'''Brytho-Hellenic''', '''Brythohellenic''' or simply '''Neohellenic''' (the native name is ''Elynic'') is a language that is spoken nowadays in a different timeline in a country that corresponds almost exactly to our England and to our Wales.
	In that timeline the Persians won the wars against Greece and the Greeks were forced to emigrate and to flee. Firstly the Greeks find protection in Magna Graecia, but, as the Persians conquer those territories, they shift to Northern Italy, where the Romans withstand the Persian troops. In 389 b.C. Rome is destroyed and both Romans and Greeks flee to Carthage, enemy of the Persian empire. Together they try to attack the Persian fleet, but they are defeated again.		In that timeline the Persians won the wars against Greece and the Greeks were forced to emigrate and to flee. Firstly the Greeks find protection in Magna Graecia, but, as the Persians conquer those territories, they shift to Northern Italy, where the Romans withstand the Persian troops. In 389 b.C. Rome is destroyed and both Romans and Greeks flee to Carthage, enemy of the Persian empire. Together they try to attack the Persian fleet, but they are defeated again.
	In the last days of 382 b.C. an imposing expedition sails away from a harbour on the coast of New Carthage - our Cartagena in Spain. Its mission is to find new territories where they can live in peace and prosperity, far from the Persian threat.		In the last days of 382 b.C. an imposing expedition sails away from a harbour on the coast of New Carthage - our Cartagena in Spain. Its mission is to find new territories where they can live in peace and prosperity, far from the Persian threat.

IlL: /* Vocabulary */

2015-05-17T02:11:04Z

Vocabulary

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:11, 17 May 2015
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	There are also other colour terms that come from Ancient Greek, such as '''clur''' (= "green"), '''porhir''' (= "purple-red"), '''aruirin''' (= "silver") or '''hegin''' (= "bronze-coloured"), but they are old-fashioned nowadays and they are used almost exclusively in literature.		There are also other colour terms that come from Ancient Greek, such as '''clur''' (= "green"), '''porhir''' (= "purple-red"), '''aruirin''' (= "silver") or '''hegin''' (= "bronze-coloured"), but they are old-fashioned nowadays and they are used almost exclusively in literature.

	[[File:~~Brytho-Hellenic_colours~~.png\|thumb\|356px\|Colours in Brytho-Hellenic.]]		[[File:Brythohellenic_colours.png\|thumb\|356px\|Colours in Brytho-Hellenic.]]

	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 650px; text-align:center"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 650px; text-align:center"

IlL at 02:10, 17 May 2015

2015-05-17T02:10:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:10, 17 May 2015
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	==General information==		==General information==

	'''Brytho-Hellenic''', ~~Brythohellenic~~ or simply '''Neohellenic''' (the native name is ''Elynic'') is a language that is spoken nowadays in a different timeline in a country that corresponds almost exactly to our England and to our Wales.		'''Brytho-Hellenic''', Brytho-Hellenic or simply '''Neohellenic''' (the native name is ''Elynic'') is a language that is spoken nowadays in a different timeline in a country that corresponds almost exactly to our England and to our Wales.
	In that timeline the Persians won the wars against Greece and the Greeks were forced to emigrate and to flee. Firstly the Greeks find protection in Magna Graecia, but, as the Persians conquer those territories, they shift to Northern Italy, where the Romans withstand the Persian troops. In 389 b.C. Rome is destroyed and both Romans and Greeks flee to Carthage, enemy of the Persian empire. Together they try to attack the Persian fleet, but they are defeated again.		In that timeline the Persians won the wars against Greece and the Greeks were forced to emigrate and to flee. Firstly the Greeks find protection in Magna Graecia, but, as the Persians conquer those territories, they shift to Northern Italy, where the Romans withstand the Persian troops. In 389 b.C. Rome is destroyed and both Romans and Greeks flee to Carthage, enemy of the Persian empire. Together they try to attack the Persian fleet, but they are defeated again.
	In the last days of 382 b.C. an imposing expedition sails away from a harbour on the coast of New Carthage - our Cartagena in Spain. Its mission is to find new territories where they can live in peace and prosperity, far from the Persian threat.		In the last days of 382 b.C. an imposing expedition sails away from a harbour on the coast of New Carthage - our Cartagena in Spain. Its mission is to find new territories where they can live in peace and prosperity, far from the Persian threat.
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	After the defeat against the Persians almost the entire Greek people fled towards Roman territory: Rome triplicated its population and was greekized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes.		After the defeat against the Persians almost the entire Greek people fled towards Roman territory: Rome triplicated its population and was greekized. During their living together Greeks and Romans used mainly the '''Greek language''' to communicate, whereas the ''Latin language'' became a secondary and socially lower language, spoken mainly by common people. Nevertheless - almost incomprehensibly - the Greeks adopted the '''Latin alphabet''', maybe trying to be understood even by the lower social classes.
	As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of ~~Brythohellenic~~ contains 24 letters:		As we are talking about the modern language, we don't consider the first versions of the alphabet that were used in ancient times. The alphabet of Brytho-Hellenic contains 24 letters:

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	===Consonantal phonemes===		===Consonantal phonemes===

	~~Brythohellenic~~ has the following consonantic phonemes:		Brytho-Hellenic has the following consonantic phonemes:

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	===Vocalic phonemes===		===Vocalic phonemes===

	~~Brythohellenic~~ has the following vowel system:		Brytho-Hellenic has the following vowel system:

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	===Diphthongs and digraphs===		===Diphthongs and digraphs===

	In ~~Brythohellenic~~ there are 17 diphthongs, that is clusters of two vowels pronounced with a single emission of air. These diphthongs are:		In Brytho-Hellenic there are 17 diphthongs, that is clusters of two vowels pronounced with a single emission of air. These diphthongs are:

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	* almost always the last syllable was dropped, ex.: ''καινός'' > '''cain''', "new"; ''θάνατος'' > '''thanagh''', "death".		* almost always the last syllable was dropped, ex.: ''καινός'' > '''cain''', "new"; ''θάνατος'' > '''thanagh''', "death".

	These two phoenomena have influenced heavily the stress system of ~~Brythohellenic~~. Nowadays the stress steadily falls on the last but one syllable: this means that in the plural forms of nouns it shifts, ex.: '''thalas''' ['θalas], "sea" > '''thalasas''' [θa'lasas], "seas"; '''ailur''' ['ai̯lur], "cat" > '''ailuroi''' [ai̯'luroi̯], "cats".		These two phoenomena have influenced heavily the stress system of Brytho-Hellenic. Nowadays the stress steadily falls on the last but one syllable: this means that in the plural forms of nouns it shifts, ex.: '''thalas''' ['θalas], "sea" > '''thalasas''' [θa'lasas], "seas"; '''ailur''' ['ai̯lur], "cat" > '''ailuroi''' [ai̯'luroi̯], "cats".

	Sometimes the accent falls on the last syllable, above all in some verbal forms. In these cases an acute accent is written on the accented vowel, ex.: '''emén nüi''' [e'men:ui̯], "we are"; '''acú eu''' [a'ku eu̯], "I hear". The written accent can also distinguish two words that are written the same but have different meanings, ex.: '''y''', "than", ≠ '''ý''', "she".		Sometimes the accent falls on the last syllable, above all in some verbal forms. In these cases an acute accent is written on the accented vowel, ex.: '''emén nüi''' [e'men:ui̯], "we are"; '''acú eu''' [a'ku eu̯], "I hear". The written accent can also distinguish two words that are written the same but have different meanings, ex.: '''y''', "than", ≠ '''ý''', "she".
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	===Articles===		===Articles===

	~~Brythohellenic~~ has no ''indefinite article''; to translate phrases like "a cat" or "some women" we have just to omit the article: '''ailur''' means both "a cat" and "cat", and '''ginais''' means both "some women" and "women".		Brytho-Hellenic has no ''indefinite article''; to translate phrases like "a cat" or "some women" we have just to omit the article: '''ailur''' means both "a cat" and "cat", and '''ginais''' means both "some women" and "women".
	There is only one kind of article, the ''definite'' one: this article is used to refer to well known things that are familiar to the speakers, because they have already been talked about, or in orderto invoke the known experience of the speakers. That is, we use the definite article to talk about known information.		There is only one kind of article, the ''definite'' one: this article is used to refer to well known things that are familiar to the speakers, because they have already been talked about, or in orderto invoke the known experience of the speakers. That is, we use the definite article to talk about known information.
	The definite article has one invariable form, '''to''', that is used both for masculine and feminine nouns, for singular and plural nouns: '''to omyr''', "the rain"; '''to huvagh''', "the body"; '''to lusai''', "the languages"; '''to nysoi''', "the islands", and so on.		The definite article has one invariable form, '''to''', that is used both for masculine and feminine nouns, for singular and plural nouns: '''to omyr''', "the rain"; '''to huvagh''', "the body"; '''to lusai''', "the languages"; '''to nysoi''', "the islands", and so on.
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	====Personal pronouns====		====Personal pronouns====

	~~Brythohellenic~~ personal pronouns have three cases: ''nominative'', ''accusative'', and ''dative''. In ~~Brythohellenic~~ there is no need to indicate subject pronoun before the verb, whereas in English it is compulsory.		Brytho-Hellenic personal pronouns have three cases: ''nominative'', ''accusative'', and ''dative''. In Brytho-Hellenic there is no need to indicate subject pronoun before the verb, whereas in English it is compulsory.

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	* ''Dure moi tyn'' - Give it to me.		* ''Dure moi tyn'' - Give it to me.

	The neuter pronoun ''it'' is translated in ~~Brythohellenic~~ with '''ý'''. The feminine pronoun '''ý''' is written with the accent to be distinguished from the preposition '''y''' (= "than").		The neuter pronoun ''it'' is translated in Brytho-Hellenic with '''ý'''. The feminine pronoun '''ý''' is written with the accent to be distinguished from the preposition '''y''' (= "than").
	When there are a pronoun and a noun, the pronoun always precedes the noun, ex.:		When there are a pronoun and a noun, the pronoun always precedes the noun, ex.:

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	====Place adverbs====		====Place adverbs====

	In ~~Brythohellenic~~ place adverbs ''naugh'' and ''cys'' inflect to express state or movement to and from. The adverb ''u'', "where", also inflects:		In Brytho-Hellenic place adverbs ''naugh'' and ''cys'' inflect to express state or movement to and from. The adverb ''u'', "where", also inflects:

	{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"		{\| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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	The '''imperfect''' is used to talk about habitual actions that happened in the past. English lacks a counterpart for this tense: the same meaning could be obtained using the ''Simple past'' or, even better, the pattern "used to + infinitive": ''I '''used to play''' football with friends every Friday''. This tense is also used to talk about actions that were happening in the past, to underline their duration, whereas in English one would rather use the ''Past Progressive'', which, anyway, exists also in Neohellenic, but, as for the progressive form of the present, it is rarely used.		The '''imperfect''' is used to talk about habitual actions that happened in the past. English lacks a counterpart for this tense: the same meaning could be obtained using the ''Simple past'' or, even better, the pattern "used to + infinitive": ''I '''used to play''' football with friends every Friday''. This tense is also used to talk about actions that were happening in the past, to underline their duration, whereas in English one would rather use the ''Past Progressive'', which, anyway, exists also in Neohellenic, but, as for the progressive form of the present, it is rarely used.
	As it has been said, in ~~Brythohellenic~~ many verbs have a regular present, but an irregular imperfect, so it is impossible to talk about "regular verbs". However there are some "structural changes" in the formation of this tense that are common and can be analysed.		As it has been said, in Brytho-Hellenic many verbs have a regular present, but an irregular imperfect, so it is impossible to talk about "regular verbs". However there are some "structural changes" in the formation of this tense that are common and can be analysed.
	Let's see the imperfect of six verbs whose present tense has already been observed and of the verb "to be", that has two different forms for this tense too.		Let's see the imperfect of six verbs whose present tense has already been observed and of the verb "to be", that has two different forms for this tense too.

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	There are also other colour terms that come from Ancient Greek, such as '''clur''' (= "green"), '''porhir''' (= "purple-red"), '''aruirin''' (= "silver") or '''hegin''' (= "bronze-coloured"), but they are old-fashioned nowadays and they are used almost exclusively in literature.		There are also other colour terms that come from Ancient Greek, such as '''clur''' (= "green"), '''porhir''' (= "purple-red"), '''aruirin''' (= "silver") or '''hegin''' (= "bronze-coloured"), but they are old-fashioned nowadays and they are used almost exclusively in literature.

	[[File:~~Brythohellenic_colours~~.png\|thumb\|356px\|Colours in Brytho-Hellenic.]]		[[File:Brytho-Hellenic_colours.png\|thumb\|356px\|Colours in Brytho-Hellenic.]]

	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 650px; text-align:center"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 650px; text-align:center"
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	\|-		\|-
	! style="width: 350px; "\|Compare with		! style="width: 350px; "\|Compare with
	! style="width: 150px; "\|~~Brythohellenic~~		! style="width: 150px; "\|Brytho-Hellenic
	! style="width: 150px; "\|English		! style="width: 150px; "\|English
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	! style="width: 350px; "\|Compare with		! style="width: 350px; "\|Compare with
	! style="width: 150px; "\|~~Brythohellenic~~		! style="width: 150px; "\|Brytho-Hellenic
	! style="width: 150px; "\|English		! style="width: 150px; "\|English
	\|-		\|-