Avendonian - Revision history

Chrysophylax: Reverted edit by Chrysophylax (talk) to last revision by Sware

2026-05-10T17:14:38Z

Reverted edit by Chrysophylax (talk) to last revision by Sware

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 10 May 2026
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	{{Featured}}		{{Featured}}
	<!--{{construction\|date=15:14, 9 September 2020 (UTC)}}-->		<!--{{construction\|date=15:14, 9 September 2020 (UTC)}}-->
	~~<noinclude>~~
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|image = Flag of Avendonia full.png		\|image = Flag of Avendonia full.png
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	\|notice = IPA		\|notice = IPA
	}}		}}
	~~</noinclude>~~
	'''Avendonian''' ([[w:endonym\|autoglossonym]]: ''avendoniano''; <small>Avendonian: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Avendonian\|[avendoˈni̯ano]]]</span>) is a [[w:West Germanic language\|West Germanic language]], with strong influence of [[w:Vulgar Latin\|Vulgar Latin]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions after West Germanic merchants began traveling to and from the [[w:Western Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]]. These connections—and the conquest by the Germanic tribes of the northern skirts of the Roman Empire—slowly formed a [[w:creole language\|creole]] for mutual communication. Eventually, permanent settlements were established in what would become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.		'''Avendonian''' ([[w:endonym\|autoglossonym]]: ''avendoniano''; <small>Avendonian: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Avendonian\|[avendoˈni̯ano]]]</span>) is a [[w:West Germanic language\|West Germanic language]], with strong influence of [[w:Vulgar Latin\|Vulgar Latin]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions after West Germanic merchants began traveling to and from the [[w:Western Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]]. These connections—and the conquest by the Germanic tribes of the northern skirts of the Roman Empire—slowly formed a [[w:creole language\|creole]] for mutual communication. Eventually, permanent settlements were established in what would become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.

Chrysophylax at 17:10, 10 May 2026

2026-05-10T17:10:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:10, 10 May 2026
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	{{Featured}}		{{Featured}}
	<!--{{construction\|date=15:14, 9 September 2020 (UTC)}}-->		<!--{{construction\|date=15:14, 9 September 2020 (UTC)}}-->
			<noinclude>
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|image = Flag of Avendonia full.png		\|image = Flag of Avendonia full.png
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	\|notice = IPA		\|notice = IPA
	}}		}}
			</noinclude>
	'''Avendonian''' ([[w:endonym\|autoglossonym]]: ''avendoniano''; <small>Avendonian: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Avendonian\|[avendoˈni̯ano]]]</span>) is a [[w:West Germanic language\|West Germanic language]], with strong influence of [[w:Vulgar Latin\|Vulgar Latin]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions after West Germanic merchants began traveling to and from the [[w:Western Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]]. These connections—and the conquest by the Germanic tribes of the northern skirts of the Roman Empire—slowly formed a [[w:creole language\|creole]] for mutual communication. Eventually, permanent settlements were established in what would become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.		'''Avendonian''' ([[w:endonym\|autoglossonym]]: ''avendoniano''; <small>Avendonian: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Avendonian\|[avendoˈni̯ano]]]</span>) is a [[w:West Germanic language\|West Germanic language]], with strong influence of [[w:Vulgar Latin\|Vulgar Latin]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions after West Germanic merchants began traveling to and from the [[w:Western Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]]. These connections—and the conquest by the Germanic tribes of the northern skirts of the Roman Empire—slowly formed a [[w:creole language\|creole]] for mutual communication. Eventually, permanent settlements were established in what would become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.

Sware: /* North Adriatic dialect */

2025-01-25T00:18:00Z

North Adriatic dialect

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:18, 25 January 2025
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	{{Col-begin}}		{{Col-begin}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|alico}}''' (“alike, similar”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|galīkaz\|gal'''ī'''kaz~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[a.ˈli˩˥.ko˧]}}		: '''{{term\|alico}}''' (“alike, similar”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|galīkaz\|gal'''ī'''kaz}} → {{IPA\|[a.ˈli˩˥.ko˧]}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|stulo}}''' (“chair”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|stōlaz\|st'''ō'''laz~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[ˈstu˩˥.lo˧]}}		: '''{{term\|stulo}}''' (“chair”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|stōlaz\|st'''ō'''laz}} → {{IPA\|[ˈstu˩˥.lo˧]}}
	{{Col-end}}		{{Col-end}}
	{{Col-begin}}		{{Col-begin}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|uvilo#Adjective\|uvilo}}''' (“evil”, adj.), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|*ubilaz~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[u.ˈvi˨˩.lo]}}		: '''{{term\|uvilo#Adjective\|uvilo}}''' (“evil”, adj.), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|*ubilaz}} → {{IPA\|[u.ˈvi˨˩.lo]}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|fadre}}''' (“father”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|*fadēr~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[ˈfa˨˩.dre]}}		: '''{{term\|fadre}}''' (“father”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|*fadēr}} → {{IPA\|[ˈfa˨˩.dre]}}
	{{Col-end}}		{{Col-end}}
	This feature is also somewhat present in northeastern and non-standard Central Avendonian.		This feature is also somewhat present in northeastern and non-standard Central Avendonian.

Flamatt1: Cleared up some confusion about phonemic status. Mainly, [t͡s] is not a phoneme, but an allophone of /t/. Also, the palatalization before front vowels is not an allophonic process, at least for /k/ (how else could you have /ke/ in loanwords?). The flap is an allophone of /r/. Since stress is not phonemic (and since there are nonsyllabic vowels and t͡s in the examples), I also replaced the phonemic dashes in that section.

2024-09-16T16:16:57Z

Cleared up some confusion about phonemic status. Mainly, [t͡s] is not a phoneme, but an allophone of /t/. Also, the palatalization before front vowels is not an allophonic process, at least for /k/ (how else could you have /ke/ in loanwords?). The flap is an allophone of /r/. Since stress is not phonemic (and since there are nonsyllabic vowels and t͡s in the examples), I also replaced the phonemic dashes in that section.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 16 September 2024
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	The letters correspond almost one-to-one to their pronunciation. The Avendonian orthography is considered [[w:shallow orthography\|shallow]] or [[w:phonetic orthography\|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography\|French's]]. The orthography features that do not follow the correspondence are:		The letters correspond almost one-to-one to their pronunciation. The Avendonian orthography is considered [[w:shallow orthography\|shallow]] or [[w:phonetic orthography\|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography\|French's]]. The orthography features that do not follow the correspondence are:
	* The letters '''c''' and '''g''' make the sound /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ}}/ and /{{IPA\|d͡ʒ}}/, respectively, if followed by '''e''' or '''i'''. Examples: '''{{term\|cicare}}''' /{{IPA\|t͡͡ʃiˈkare}}/, '''{{term\|geldo}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈd͡ʒeldo}}/.		* The letters '''c''' and '''g''' make the sound /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ}}/ and /{{IPA\|d͡ʒ}}/, respectively, if followed by '''e''' or '''i'''. Examples: '''{{term\|cicare}}''' /{{IPA\|t͡͡ʃiˈkare}}/, '''{{term\|geldo}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈd͡ʒeldo}}/.
	* '''t''' in the combination '''ti''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|t͡s}}/. Example: '''{{term\|tite}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈt͡site}}/.		* '''t''' in the combination '''ti''' makes the sound [{{IPA\|t͡s}}]. Example: '''{{term\|tite}}''' [{{IPA\|ˈt͡site}}].
	* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.		* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.
	* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially ~~turns into~~ the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.		* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially represents the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.
	* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.		* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.
	* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.		* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.
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	! [[w:Affricate consonant\|Affricate]]		! [[w:Affricate consonant\|Affricate]]
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	~~\| style="border-right: 0;" \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate\|t͡s]] \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \|~~
	\| style="border-right: 0;" \| [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate\|t͡ʃ]] \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate\|d͡ʒ]]		\| style="border-right: 0;" \| [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate\|t͡ʃ]] \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate\|d͡ʒ]]
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
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	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\| style="border-right: 0;" \| \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced alveolar trill\|r]]		\| style="border-right: 0;" \| \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced alveolar trill\|r]]
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	\|-
	~~! [[w:Flap consonant\|Flap]]~~
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	~~\| style="border-right: 0;" \| \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| ([[w:Voiced alveolar tap\|ɾ]])~~
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
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	Notes:		Notes:
	* As stated in [[#Orthography\|§Orthography]], /{{IPA\|k, g, sk}}/ ~~palatalize~~ to /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ}}/ before front vowels /{{IPA\|i, e}}/.		* As stated in [[#Orthography\|§Orthography]], earlier /{{IPA\|k, g, sk}}/ have palatalized to /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ}}/ before front vowels /{{IPA\|i, e}}/.
	* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA\|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term\|sigie}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈsid͡ʒi̯e}}/, '''{{term\|perstelitio}}''' /{{IPA\|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}/.		* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA\|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term\|sigie}}''' [{{IPA\|ˈsid͡ʒi̯e}}], '''{{term\|perstelitio}}''' [{{IPA\|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}].
	* [{{IPA\|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA\|r}}/ in fast speech.		* [{{IPA\|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA\|r}}/ in fast speech.
	* [{{IPA\|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA\|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA\|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the [[#Burgundian dialects\|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term\|drincare}}''' /{{IPA\|driŋˈkare}}/, '''{{term\|anguste}}''' /{{IPA\|aŋˈguste}}/, Low Burgundian '''{{term\|clang}}''' /{{IPA\|klaŋg}}/ (standard '''{{term\|clango}}''').		* [{{IPA\|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA\|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA\|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the [[#Burgundian dialects\|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term\|drincare}}''' [{{IPA\|driŋˈkare}}], '''{{term\|anguste}}''' [{{IPA\|aŋˈguste}}], Low Burgundian '''{{term\|clang}}''' [{{IPA\|klaŋg}}] (standard '''{{term\|clango}}''').

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
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	===Prosody===		===Prosody===
	Avendonian is strictly paroxytonic, meaning words always receive stress on their second-to-last syllable.		Avendonian is strictly paroxytonic, meaning words always receive stress on their second-to-last syllable.
	: '''{{term\|spraca}}''' ({{sc\|spra}}‑ca) /{{IPA\|ˈspra.ka}}/, '''{{term\|ordo}}''' ({{sc\|or}}‑do) /{{IPA\|ˈor.do}}/, '''{{term\|bucaria}}''' (bu‑{{sc\|ca}}‑ria) /{{IPA\|buˈka.ri̯a}}/, etc.		: '''{{term\|spraca}}''' ({{sc\|spra}}‑ca) [{{IPA\|ˈspra.ka}}], '''{{term\|ordo}}''' ({{sc\|or}}‑do) [{{IPA\|ˈor.do}}], '''{{term\|bucaria}}''' (bu‑{{sc\|ca}}‑ria) [{{IPA\|buˈka.ri̯a}}], etc.
	Monosyllabic words like '''{{term\|blio}}''' have the stress in their only syllable, but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words unless emphasized. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns:		Monosyllabic words like '''{{term\|blio}}''' have the stress in their only syllable, but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words unless emphasized. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns:
	: '''{{term\|elpare}}-{{term\|te}}''', /{{IPA\|elˈpa.re‿te}}/ and not /{{IPA\|el.paˈre‿te}}/		: '''{{term\|elpare}}-{{term\|te}}''', [{{IPA\|elˈpa.re‿te}}] and not [{{IPA\|el.paˈre‿te}}]
	Longer words (four or more syllables) may receive secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress):		Longer words (four or more syllables) may receive secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress):
	: '''{{term\|sobgrundsporvego}}''' /{{IPA\|sobˌgrund.sporˈve.go}}/, '''{{term\|surstopitio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˌsur.stoˈpi.t͡si̯o}}/		: '''{{term\|sobgrundsporvego}}''' [{{IPA\|sobˌgrund.sporˈve.go}}], '''{{term\|surstopitio}}''' [{{IPA\|ˌsur.stoˈpi.t͡si̯o}}]

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

Sware: /* Lord's Prayer */

2024-03-05T19:10:51Z

Lord's Prayer

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:10, 5 March 2024
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	{{Col-begin\|40%}}		{{Col-begin\|40%}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	:: Fadre nosde ci bis en el Celo,		<poem>
	:: elageto si el name tede;		Fadre nosde ci bis en el Celo,
	:: el cuningricio tede cume,		elageto si el name tede;
	:: Si dueto el vile tede		el cuningricio tede cume,
	:: en la Erda ca bi en el Celo.		Si dueto el vile tede
	:: Geva-nos, en eco dago, el broto dagico nosde,		en la Erda ca bi en el Celo.
	:: e pergeva-nos le sundie nosde,		Geva-nos, en eco dago, el broto dagico nosde,
	:: ca vi pergevamos si ce sunden contra nos;		e pergeva-nos le sundie nosde,
	:: e ne lede-nos en la persucitio,		ca vi pergevamos si ce sunden contra nos;
	:: sed defriie nos d'el uvilo.		e ne lede-nos en la persucitio,
	:: Amen.		sed defriie nos d'el uvilo.
			Amen.
			</poem>
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	<i>		<poem style="font-style: italic">
	:: Our Father, who art in heaven,		Our Father, who art in heaven,
	:: hallowed be thy name;		hallowed be thy name;
	:: thy kingdom come,		thy kingdom come,
	:: thy will be done		thy will be done
	:: on earth as it is in heaven.		on earth as it is in heaven.
	:: Give us this day our daily bread,		Give us this day our daily bread,
	:: and forgive us our sins,		and forgive us our sins,
	:: as we forgive those who sin against us;		as we forgive those who sin against us;
	:: and lead us not into temptation,		and lead us not into temptation,
	:: but deliver us from evil.		but deliver us from evil.
	:: Amen.		Amen.
	</i>		</poem>
	{{Col-end}}		{{Col-end}}

Sware: /* Lord's Prayer */

2024-03-05T19:09:04Z

Lord's Prayer

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:09, 5 March 2024
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	===Lord's Prayer===		===Lord's Prayer===
	{{Col-begin}}		{{Col-begin\|40%}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	:: Fadre nosde ci bis en el Celo,		:: Fadre nosde ci bis en el Celo,

Sware: /* sire, to be */

2024-03-02T23:15:05Z

sire, to be

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 2 March 2024
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	Like many other languages, including Romance and Germanic, the verb ''to be'' is very irregular. The copula is [[w:suppletion\|suppletive]], meaning the stem changes between tenses. A full conjugation paradigm is given.		Like many other languages, including Romance and Germanic, the verb ''to be'' is very irregular. The copula is [[w:suppletion\|suppletive]], meaning the stem changes between tenses. A full conjugation paradigm is given.
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
	\|- style="background: #c8c8c8;"		\|-style="background: #c8c8c8; font-weight:bold"
	! colspan="2" \| tense !! colspan="6" \| forms !! etymology		\| colspan="2" \| tense \|\| colspan="6" \| forms \|\| etymology
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| infinitive		! colspan="2" \| infinitive

Sware: /* sire, to be */

2024-03-02T23:14:05Z

sire, to be

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 2 March 2024
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	Like many other languages, including Romance and Germanic, the verb ''to be'' is very irregular. The copula is [[w:suppletion\|suppletive]], meaning the stem changes between tenses. A full conjugation paradigm is given.		Like many other languages, including Romance and Germanic, the verb ''to be'' is very irregular. The copula is [[w:suppletion\|suppletive]], meaning the stem changes between tenses. A full conjugation paradigm is given.
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
	\|-		\|- style="background: #c8c8c8;"
	~~! colspan="2"~~ style="background: #c8c8c8;" \| tense !! colspan="6" \| forms !! etymology		! colspan="2" \| tense !! colspan="6" \| forms !! etymology
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| infinitive		! colspan="2" \| infinitive

Sware: /* sire, to be */

2024-03-02T23:13:51Z

sire, to be

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 2 March 2024
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| tense !! colspan="6" \| forms !! etymology		! colspan="2" style="background: #c8c8c8;" \| tense !! colspan="6" \| forms !! etymology
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| infinitive		! colspan="2" \| infinitive

Sware at 23:12, 2 March 2024

2024-03-02T23:12:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:12, 2 March 2024
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	* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.		* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.
	* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially turns into the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.		* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially turns into the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.
	* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc'''}} before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.		* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.
	* The digraph '''ch'''}} makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.		* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:18, 25 January 2025
Line 962:		Line 962:
	{{Col-begin}}		{{Col-begin}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|alico}}''' (“alike, similar”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|galīkaz\|gal'''ī'''kaz~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[a.ˈli˩˥.ko˧]}}		: '''{{term\|alico}}''' (“alike, similar”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|galīkaz\|gal'''ī'''kaz}} → {{IPA\|[a.ˈli˩˥.ko˧]}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|stulo}}''' (“chair”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|stōlaz\|st'''ō'''laz~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[ˈstu˩˥.lo˧]}}		: '''{{term\|stulo}}''' (“chair”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|stōlaz\|st'''ō'''laz}} → {{IPA\|[ˈstu˩˥.lo˧]}}
	{{Col-end}}		{{Col-end}}
	{{Col-begin}}		{{Col-begin}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|uvilo#Adjective\|uvilo}}''' (“evil”, adj.), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|*ubilaz~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[u.ˈvi˨˩.lo]}}		: '''{{term\|uvilo#Adjective\|uvilo}}''' (“evil”, adj.), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|*ubilaz}} → {{IPA\|[u.ˈvi˨˩.lo]}}
	{{col-n\|2}}		{{col-n\|2}}
	: '''{{term\|fadre}}''' (“father”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{mn\|gem-pro\|*fadēr~~\|name=0~~}} → {{IPA\|[ˈfa˨˩.dre]}}		: '''{{term\|fadre}}''' (“father”), from {{Abbtip\|Proto-Germanic\|PGmc.}} {{l\|gem-pro\|*fadēr}} → {{IPA\|[ˈfa˨˩.dre]}}
	{{Col-end}}		{{Col-end}}
	This feature is also somewhat present in northeastern and non-standard Central Avendonian.		This feature is also somewhat present in northeastern and non-standard Central Avendonian.

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	The letters correspond almost one-to-one to their pronunciation. The Avendonian orthography is considered [[w:shallow orthography\|shallow]] or [[w:phonetic orthography\|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography\|French's]]. The orthography features that do not follow the correspondence are:		The letters correspond almost one-to-one to their pronunciation. The Avendonian orthography is considered [[w:shallow orthography\|shallow]] or [[w:phonetic orthography\|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography\|French's]]. The orthography features that do not follow the correspondence are:
	* The letters '''c''' and '''g''' make the sound /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ}}/ and /{{IPA\|d͡ʒ}}/, respectively, if followed by '''e''' or '''i'''. Examples: '''{{term\|cicare}}''' /{{IPA\|t͡͡ʃiˈkare}}/, '''{{term\|geldo}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈd͡ʒeldo}}/.		* The letters '''c''' and '''g''' make the sound /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ}}/ and /{{IPA\|d͡ʒ}}/, respectively, if followed by '''e''' or '''i'''. Examples: '''{{term\|cicare}}''' /{{IPA\|t͡͡ʃiˈkare}}/, '''{{term\|geldo}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈd͡ʒeldo}}/.
	* '''t''' in the combination '''ti''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|t͡s}}/. Example: '''{{term\|tite}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈt͡site}}/.		* '''t''' in the combination '''ti''' makes the sound [{{IPA\|t͡s}}]. Example: '''{{term\|tite}}''' [{{IPA\|ˈt͡site}}].
	* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.		* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.
	* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially ~~turns into~~ the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.		* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially represents the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.
	* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.		* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.
	* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.		* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.
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	! [[w:Affricate consonant\|Affricate]]		! [[w:Affricate consonant\|Affricate]]
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	~~\| style="border-right: 0;" \| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate\|t͡s]] \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \|~~
	\| style="border-right: 0;" \| [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate\|t͡ʃ]] \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate\|d͡ʒ]]		\| style="border-right: 0;" \| [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate\|t͡ʃ]] \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate\|d͡ʒ]]
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
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	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\| style="border-right: 0;" \| \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced alveolar trill\|r]]		\| style="border-right: 0;" \| \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| [[w:Voiced alveolar trill\|r]]
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	\|-
	~~! [[w:Flap consonant\|Flap]]~~
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	~~\| style="border-right: 0;" \| \|\| style="border-left: 0;" \| ([[w:Voiced alveolar tap\|ɾ]])~~
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
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	Notes:		Notes:
	* As stated in [[#Orthography\|§Orthography]], /{{IPA\|k, g, sk}}/ ~~palatalize~~ to /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ}}/ before front vowels /{{IPA\|i, e}}/.		* As stated in [[#Orthography\|§Orthography]], earlier /{{IPA\|k, g, sk}}/ have palatalized to /{{IPA\|t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ}}/ before front vowels /{{IPA\|i, e}}/.
	* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA\|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term\|sigie}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈsid͡ʒi̯e}}/, '''{{term\|perstelitio}}''' /{{IPA\|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}/.		* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA\|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term\|sigie}}''' [{{IPA\|ˈsid͡ʒi̯e}}], '''{{term\|perstelitio}}''' [{{IPA\|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}].
	* [{{IPA\|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA\|r}}/ in fast speech.		* [{{IPA\|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA\|r}}/ in fast speech.
	* [{{IPA\|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA\|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA\|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the [[#Burgundian dialects\|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term\|drincare}}''' /{{IPA\|driŋˈkare}}/, '''{{term\|anguste}}''' /{{IPA\|aŋˈguste}}/, Low Burgundian '''{{term\|clang}}''' /{{IPA\|klaŋg}}/ (standard '''{{term\|clango}}''').		* [{{IPA\|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA\|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA\|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the [[#Burgundian dialects\|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term\|drincare}}''' [{{IPA\|driŋˈkare}}], '''{{term\|anguste}}''' [{{IPA\|aŋˈguste}}], Low Burgundian '''{{term\|clang}}''' [{{IPA\|klaŋg}}] (standard '''{{term\|clango}}''').

	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
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	===Prosody===		===Prosody===
	Avendonian is strictly paroxytonic, meaning words always receive stress on their second-to-last syllable.		Avendonian is strictly paroxytonic, meaning words always receive stress on their second-to-last syllable.
	: '''{{term\|spraca}}''' ({{sc\|spra}}‑ca) /{{IPA\|ˈspra.ka}}/, '''{{term\|ordo}}''' ({{sc\|or}}‑do) /{{IPA\|ˈor.do}}/, '''{{term\|bucaria}}''' (bu‑{{sc\|ca}}‑ria) /{{IPA\|buˈka.ri̯a}}/, etc.		: '''{{term\|spraca}}''' ({{sc\|spra}}‑ca) [{{IPA\|ˈspra.ka}}], '''{{term\|ordo}}''' ({{sc\|or}}‑do) [{{IPA\|ˈor.do}}], '''{{term\|bucaria}}''' (bu‑{{sc\|ca}}‑ria) [{{IPA\|buˈka.ri̯a}}], etc.
	Monosyllabic words like '''{{term\|blio}}''' have the stress in their only syllable, but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words unless emphasized. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns:		Monosyllabic words like '''{{term\|blio}}''' have the stress in their only syllable, but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words unless emphasized. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns:
	: '''{{term\|elpare}}-{{term\|te}}''', /{{IPA\|elˈpa.re‿te}}/ and not /{{IPA\|el.paˈre‿te}}/		: '''{{term\|elpare}}-{{term\|te}}''', [{{IPA\|elˈpa.re‿te}}] and not [{{IPA\|el.paˈre‿te}}]
	Longer words (four or more syllables) may receive secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress):		Longer words (four or more syllables) may receive secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress):
	: '''{{term\|sobgrundsporvego}}''' /{{IPA\|sobˌgrund.sporˈve.go}}/, '''{{term\|surstopitio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˌsur.stoˈpi.t͡si̯o}}/		: '''{{term\|sobgrundsporvego}}''' [{{IPA\|sobˌgrund.sporˈve.go}}], '''{{term\|surstopitio}}''' [{{IPA\|ˌsur.stoˈpi.t͡si̯o}}]

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

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	* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.		* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term\|gnagare}}''' /{{IPA\|ɲaˈgare}}/.
	* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially turns into the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.		* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially turns into the semivowel /{{IPA\|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term\|iaro}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term\|bluiare}}''' /{{IPA\|bluˈjare}}/.
	* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc'''}} before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.		* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)\|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel\|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA\|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term\|sciio}}''' /{{IPA\|ˈʃijo}}/.
	* The digraph '''ch'''}} makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.		* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA\|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword\|loanword]]s.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==