Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Osilian

2025-01-09T15:54:26Z

Yozhik96: /* Orthography */

{{WIP}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Osilian
|nativename = Osille
|pronunciation = ˈosij
|setting = Alt-history
|created = 2024
|familycolor = Indo-European
|creator = [[User:Yozhik96|Yozhik]]
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Italic_languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Latin|Latin]]
|fam5 = [[w:Romance_languages|Romance]]
|script1 = Latn
|minority = France
|agency = Sentre de Oices, Alei
|notice = IPA
}}
Osilian is a Romance language spoken in [[w:France|France]]. It is classified as a regional language of the region of Osilia (french: ''Auseille''). It is taught in bilingual French and Osilian schools.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]/ [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| colspan="2"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| colspan="2"| || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ||
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| || || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasal
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| ([[w:Nasal vowel|ɛ̃]]) || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɔ̃]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɑ̃]]
|}
|}
In common pronunciation, the vowel <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ̃<nowiki>]</nowiki> is no longer nasalised and is therefore pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ<nowiki>]</nowiki>.

==Orthography==
===Standard orthography===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}
This orthography also has additional letters that exist, such as [[w:Digraph_(orthography)#Double_letters|double letters]] and [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]], but they are not always included in the official alphabet.

Most of the letters correspond to their pronunciation, and the language has an orthography qualified as [[w:Phonemic orthography|phonetic]]. The only letters whose pronunciation differs are the following:
* '''⟨c⟩''' exclusively makes the /k/ sound in front of ⟨a⟩ and ⟨i⟩, and the /t͡ʃ/ sound in front of ⟨e⟩, ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩. It may also make the /ʃ/ sound at the end of a word.
* '''⟨e⟩''' is not pronounced after ⟨ll⟩ at the end of words, with rare exceptions.
* '''⟨g⟩''' is always pronounced /gʲ/ at the beginning of a word, or is pronounced /gʷ/ if followed by the letter ⟨u⟩.
* '''⟨h⟩''' is pronounced /h/ when at the beginning of a proper noun and /x/ for the rest of the situations, with some exceptions.
* '''⟨i⟩''' works as a non-syllabic vowel when it follows another vowel.
* '''⟨j⟩''' is actually pronounced /ʒ/.
* '''⟨y⟩''' makes the sound /i/ at the end of words.

===Additional letters===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Á á
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | À à
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | CC cc
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | É é
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | È è
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | GG gg
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Í í
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | LL ll
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ó ó
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ò ò
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | RR rr
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ú ú
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ýý
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}
Diacritics are sometimes omitted in written language, and double letters never appear, with a very few exceptions, at the beginning of a word.
* '''◌́ ''' [[w:Acute accent|Acute accent]]: the language had a distinction between long and short vowels, this distinction is now non-existent but official documents and some people continue to write them.
* '''◌̀ ''' [[w:Grave accent|Grave accent]]: the grave accent is used to tell whether the vowel is nasalised or not; it is always marked.
* '''⟨cc⟩''' makes the sound /ʃ/.
* '''⟨gg⟩''' makes the sound /g/.
* '''⟨ll⟩''' makes the sound /j/, must be followed by ⟨e⟩ if at the end of a word.
* '''⟨rr⟩''' makes the sound /r/.

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Romance]]

Osilian

2025-01-09T15:39:53Z

Yozhik96: Added ‘romance’ category.

{{WIP}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Osilian
|nativename = Osille
|pronunciation = ˈosij
|setting = Alt-history
|created = 2024
|familycolor = Indo-European
|creator = [[User:Yozhik96|Yozhik]]
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Italic_languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Latin|Latin]]
|fam5 = [[w:Romance_languages|Romance]]
|script1 = Latn
|minority = France
|agency = Sentre de Oices, Alei
|notice = IPA
}}
Osilian is a Romance language spoken in [[w:France|France]]. It is classified as a regional language of the region of Osilia (french: ''Auseille''). It is taught in bilingual French and Osilian schools.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]/ [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| colspan="2"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| colspan="2"| || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ||
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| || || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasal
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| ([[w:Nasal vowel|ɛ̃]]) || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɔ̃]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɑ̃]]
|}
|}
In common pronunciation, the vowel <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ̃<nowiki>]</nowiki> is no longer nasalised and is therefore pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ<nowiki>]</nowiki>.

==Orthography==
===Standard orthography===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}
This orthography also has additional letters that exist, such as [[w:Digraph_(orthography)#Double_letters|double letters]] and [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]], but they are not always included in the official alphabet.

Most of the letters correspond to their pronunciation, and the language has an orthography qualified as [[w:Phonemic orthography|phonetic]]. The only letters whose pronunciation differs are the following:
* '''⟨c⟩''' exclusively makes the /k/ sound in front of ⟨a⟩ and ⟨i⟩, and the /t͡ʃ/ sound in front of ⟨e⟩, ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩. It may also make the /ʃ/ sound at the end of a word.
* '''⟨e⟩''' is not pronounced after ⟨ll⟩ at the end of words, with rare exceptions.
* '''⟨g⟩''' is always pronounced /gʲ/ at the beginning of a word, or is pronounced /gʷ/ if followed by the letter ⟨u⟩.
* '''⟨h⟩''' is pronounced /h/ when at the beginning of a proper noun and /x/ for the rest of the situations, with some exceptions.
* '''⟨i⟩''' works as a non-syllabic vowel when it follows another vowel.
* '''⟨j⟩''' is actually pronounced /ʒ/.

===Additional letters===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Á á
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | À à
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | CC cc
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | É é
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | È è
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | GG gg
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Í í
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | LL ll
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ó ó
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ò ò
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | RR rr
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ú ú
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ýý
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Romance]]

Osilian

2025-01-09T15:36:58Z

Yozhik96:

{{WIP}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Osilian
|nativename = Osille
|pronunciation = ˈosij
|setting = Alt-history
|created = 2024
|familycolor = Indo-European
|creator = [[User:Yozhik96|Yozhik]]
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Italic_languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Latin|Latin]]
|fam5 = [[w:Romance_languages|Romance]]
|script1 = Latn
|minority = France
|agency = Sentre de Oices, Alei
|notice = IPA
}}
Osilian is a Romance language spoken in [[w:France|France]]. It is classified as a regional language of the region of Osilia (french: ''Auseille''). It is taught in bilingual French and Osilian schools.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]/ [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| colspan="2"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| colspan="2"| || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ||
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| || || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasal
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| ([[w:Nasal vowel|ɛ̃]]) || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɔ̃]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɑ̃]]
|}
|}
In common pronunciation, the vowel <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ̃<nowiki>]</nowiki> is no longer nasalised and is therefore pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ<nowiki>]</nowiki>.

==Orthography==
===Standard orthography===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}
This orthography also has additional letters that exist, such as [[w:Digraph_(orthography)#Double_letters|double letters]] and [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]], but they are not always included in the official alphabet.

Most of the letters correspond to their pronunciation, and the language has an orthography qualified as [[w:Phonemic orthography|phonetic]]. The only letters whose pronunciation differs are the following:
* '''⟨c⟩''' exclusively makes the /k/ sound in front of ⟨a⟩ and ⟨i⟩, and the /t͡ʃ/ sound in front of ⟨e⟩, ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩. It may also make the /ʃ/ sound at the end of a word.
* '''⟨e⟩''' is not pronounced after ⟨ll⟩ at the end of words, with rare exceptions.
* '''⟨g⟩''' is always pronounced /gʲ/ at the beginning of a word, or is pronounced /gʷ/ if followed by the letter ⟨u⟩.
* '''⟨h⟩''' is pronounced /h/ when at the beginning of a proper noun and /x/ for the rest of the situations, with some exceptions.
* '''⟨i⟩''' works as a non-syllabic vowel when it follows another vowel.
* '''⟨j⟩''' is actually pronounced /ʒ/.

===Additional letters===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Á á
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | À à
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | CC cc
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | É é
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | È è
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | GG gg
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Í í
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | LL ll
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ó ó
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ò ò
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | RR rr
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ú ú
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ýý
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]

Osilian

2025-01-08T21:26:14Z

Yozhik96: Made the page and added content.

{{WIP}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Osilian
|nativename = Osille
|pronunciation = ˈosij
|setting = Alt-history
|created = 2024
|familycolor = Indo-European
|creator = [[User:Yozhik96|Yozhik]]
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Italic_languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Latin|Latin]]
|fam5 = [[w:Romance_languages|Romance]]
|script1 = Latn
|minority = France
|agency = Sentre de Oices, Alei
|notice = IPA
}}
Osilian is a Romance language spoken in [[w:France|France]]. It is classified as a regional language of the region of Osilia (french: ''Auseille''). It is taught in bilingual French and Osilian schools.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]/ [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| colspan="2"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| colspan="2"| || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ||
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| || || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasal
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| colspan="2"| ([[w:Nasal vowel|ɛ̃]]) || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɔ̃]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | || || [[w:Nasal vowel|ɑ̃]]
|}
|}
In common pronunciation, the vowel <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ̃<nowiki>]</nowiki> is no longer nasalised and is therefore pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>ɛ<nowiki>]</nowiki>.

==Orthography==
===Standard orthography===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}
This orthography also has additional letters that exist, such as [[w:Digraph_(orthography)#Double_letters|double letters]] and [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]], but they are not always included in the official alphabet.

Most of the letters correspond to their pronunciation, and the language has an orthography qualified as [[w:Phonemic orthography|phonetic]]. The only letters whose pronunciation differs are the following:
* '''⟨c⟩''' exclusively makes the /k/ sound in front of ⟨a⟩ and ⟨i⟩, and the /t͡ʃ/ sound in front of ⟨e⟩, ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩. It may also make the /ʃ/ sound at the end of a word.
* '''⟨e⟩''' is not pronounced after ⟨ll⟩ at the end of words, with rare exceptions.
* '''⟨g⟩''' is always pronounced /gʲ/ at the beginning of a word, or is pronounced /gʷ/ if followed by the letter ⟨u⟩.
* '''⟨h⟩''' is pronounced /h/ when at the beginning of a proper noun and /x/ for the rest of the situations, with some exceptions.
* '''⟨i⟩''' works as a non-syllabic vowel when it follows another vowel.
* '''⟨j⟩''' is actually pronounced /ʒ/.

===Additional letters===
{| style=" font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f8ef;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Á á
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | À à
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | CC cc
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | É é
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | È è
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | GG gg
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Í í
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | LL ll
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ó ó
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ò ò
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | RR rr
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ú ú
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ýý
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|
|}
[[Category:Osilian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]