Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Sixth Linguifex Relay

2018-08-30T09:02:54Z

Waahlis: /* Kandi */

{{Relay_navigation_sidebar}}
The '''Sixth Linguifex Relay''' was a conlang relay, a game of conlingual telephone, on Linguifex. The relay text was written in [[Dodellian]] by the relaymaster [[User:IlL|IlL]]. The text passed through seven translations before being retranslated into Dodellian.

==Texts==
The original text was provided by [[User:IlL|IlL]] in the [[Dodellian]] language. The text, ''A Tuzzo a Lanto'', is the (tentative) national anthem of [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]], a country of [[Verse:Tricin]]. The text was adapted from ''A TUZZO LANTO'', one of Richard Feynman's gibberish Italian texts.

:''''' A Tuzzo a Lanto ''''' - Invocation
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Dodellian|Dodellian]]'' by [[User:IlL|IlL]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Windermere|Windermere]]'' by [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Scarlet Aban|Scarlet Aban]]'' by [[User:Luzset Zari|Luzset Zari]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Ash|Ash]]'' by [[User:Prinsessa|Prinsessa]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Proto-Qïrem̌|Proto-Qïrem̌]]'' by [[User:MarloweC|MarloweC]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kakkå|Kakkå]]'' by [[User:Ceige|Ceige]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Nankôre|Nankôre]]'' by [[User:Anyar|Anyar]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi|Kandi]]'' by [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]
:*''[[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Dodellian retranslated|Dodellian retranslated]]'' by [[User:IlL|IlL]]

The relay ran from August 20th, 2018 until August 30th, 2018, and included 5 languages on the wiki (''[[Dodellian]]'', ''[[Windermere]]'', ''[[Ash]]'', ''[[Nankôre]]'', and ''[[Kandi]]'').

==Original text==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! Original [[Dodellian]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<code>A TUZZO A LANTO

-Poichi di Pare

TANto SAca TULna TI, na YENta TUchi a SOti MI la.

RONto CAta CHANta MANto MI la PANta CHALlo MI la TI da.

YALta CAra SULda MI la CHAta na Picha di Pino Tito BRALda

pe te CHIna nana CHUNda lala ONda MI la PENda!

RONto piti CAle, TANto CHINto quinta LALda,

Ola TINta dalla PALda, YENta PUcha dalla TALta!</code>
| <poem>

</poem>
|
<poem>
INVOCATION
-Poichi di Pare

We give thee thanks for giving us the land on which we dwell.
Through thought, deed and toil we come and offer ourselves to thee.
Prithee accept and be pleased, we pray, with this mediocre work of our hands,
and let wealth grow on the whole nation, our home!
After the flow of sweat, bring forth sweet rain,
bless this urgent work, and grant harvest plenty!
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Windermere==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Windermere]] !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
'''Se Chnur Mithbua'''
'''sem lăchir e POITSI DI-PARE'''

Rie ŋituath ŁĂNAM ło-thew rüe snüe moaŋ tsa.
Ba crea te ieŋ te șămchats, tsa drel thrüe swoch șa-ŁĂNAM.
Mitsmăchean cithwił te pămraŋ sem hac tăthathbur ef flen yăthpeaș se;
Te șăbac ef imhălrithuy cots wen se, ef tănar mășua tsa!
Thăŋe chüem es binnăbath, cithfaw e trămäy flał;
Hac săchemnüch e sem thăbur mi tatsliet; hac rüe e sipoath ănărmuch tămo!
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
| <poem>
'''A Song of Prayer'''
'''written by Poichi di Pare'''

I thank you for giving us land.
Through thought, action and effort, we come to offer ourselves to you.
Please receive and be pleased with what this mediocre hand created;
And may the wealth of this whole nation, our home, grow!
After sweat has flowed, may sweet rain come forth;
And may our work be blessed urgently, and a plentiful harvest be given!
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>
==Scarlet Aban==
==Ash==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="30" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Ash]] (non-canon) !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
Eego naalago egae.
Eeda ãã hondlaa assẽõŋgaego Boedse-Dahbaala ee ohgeela.
Ee ẽõndõõyo eadõõyo basdõõgo ẽõŋgaa.
Magoogo basdõõgo ambaada enaaleyonno.
Eeda ãnda ee osdsohdayo.
Ẽõŋgaago gaago oyẽẽne.
Oogo seagas baasoba onombooneyo.
</poem>
| <poem>
Let us now speak (words) with joy.
Poitsi Di-Pare wrote this (wishing) to thank the one who gave us this land.
We are thankful for being able to think and see and do.
How (having) the empty hand, able to create, must please you.
You truly welcomed us into this land.
Words of gratitude will cause rain to fall.
Then things will truly sprout/grow for the cherished worker.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Proto-Qïrem̌==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Proto-Qïrem̌]] !! !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
Stařalirat shtoim̌ekne hkint hbüřslalit.
Prhbetehb Poitsi Di Pare hbetsne řëm̌ cam yëm hthqigetehb m̌ësgefařetehbë.
Debtalirat sarhgeekune hqsïe bir hpif m̌ës glënaseterahb shtoim̌ekne üoune knur cm.
Mümüblëhgtasetehb dehb řëm̌ cïm yëm augënetehb řyopune siute prohq hbüřetehb.
Klon hqehbetehb.
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
| <poem>
I'm glad to be given the opportunity to speak.
Poitsi Di Pare came to this land and wrote his thanks.
I mistakenly thought this was apparent, but he wasn't able to cause happiness using his arm.
He was made to reside here and became rain as he spoke.
Then he grew.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Kakkå==
{|
|
Đada aj må, ta måj talamagå.
Påjsi Diparęj lada kamębiå, mit takkå lada sattębiå ųk.
Mijđųbå måj, ta akkabari aj tå, utå lamaj nę đadanå innanak.
Tåj inna tada libębiå, ųk tida tåj talå, ragåj kamå.
Appatida, tåj ųkkiębiå
|
I am glad that I may speak.
Påjsi Diparęj came to the land, and also scratched the land with a sense of gratitude.
I mistakenly believed that he was visible, but the arm is not made happy near this.
He lived in this place, and when he speaks, the rains come.
Afterwards, he grew.
|}

==Nankôre==
==Kandi==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Kandi]] !! !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<poem>
Awí akuráttu; mahakkúri ina
on Páysi Diparéyi aksam ǧamannunur.
amínda on onaharsišawattunur.
ikka tuwat kakanum, am undan awí akusatšanattu,
Hamáni sonnátunur ya waki hánǧar sirayunnur.
</poem>
| <poem>

</poem>
| <poem>
I am happy to tell you this, that once upon a time
they say Páysi Diparéy came to earth.
Thankfully, he would be saving the world.
You may not need to see, that here the arm was happily removed,
here they say the man started to dwell and told the rain to fall.
</poem>
|-
|}
</center>

==Retranslated text==
<center>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! [[Dodellian]] retranslated !! IPA !! English </noinclude>
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|<code>CAtte a teLEmo RANde PAISI DIPAREI PANta SIllo TIto.

SAca SAca na eto YOcha SIllo da.

TUzzo na LOcho a DROtto Echa TIto CHErra CAtte

a BElo REMpe CHIme te TUzzo DOchi a NUmo QUINta.</code>
|<poem>

</poem>
|<poem>
We are glad that many days ago Paisi Diparei came to this earth;
Thankfully, he then saved the world.
In addition, it is carved here in remembrance
that a man rose to life and told of falling rain.
</poem>

[[Category:Relays]][[Category:Linguifex relays]]
{{archive}}

User talk:IlL

2018-08-29T19:45:55Z

Waahlis: /* Sixth Linguifex Relay */ new section

{{archive}}

== Start date? ==

Please pick a start date for the relay so I can announce it on FB as well. :P --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 21:05, 7 July 2015 (CEST)
:<s>What about 9 July 2015, 00:00 (UTC) at the earliest? [[User:IlL|IlL]] ([[User talk:IlL|talk]]) 05:12, 8 July 2015 (CEST)</s>
:Nevermind, you can begin now. [[User:IlL|IlL]] ([[User talk:IlL|talk]]) 05:33, 8 July 2015 (CEST)

Do remember to pass the relay to Juhhmi on his talk page! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:51, 8 July 2015 (CEST)

== The final, super duper end result of the conlang chinese-ancient greek- hebrew-lalekuvaleve whispers! (the fourth linguifex relay) ==

http://linguifex.com/wiki/Fourth_Linguifex_Relay/Rennic

here is the link to the rennic translation, thank you!

== Leipzig-Jakarta! ==

I just added the Leipzig-Jakarta word list as a template <nowiki>{{Leipzig-Jakarta}}</nowiki> if you want to use it for your stuff! --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 05:31, 28 January 2017 (CET)

Clocalcavir~~🎵 [[User:IlL|IlL]] ([[User talk:IlL|talk]]) 05:34, 28 January 2017 (CET)

== Fifth Linguifex Relay ==

[[Fifth Linguifex Relay/kʼmaʔ]]

== Sixth Linguifex Relay ==

And it's done! Looking forward to the conclusion! [[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi]] --[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 21:45, 29 August 2018 (CEST)

Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi

2018-08-29T19:44:12Z

Waahlis: /* Introduction */

== Introduction ==
The Kandi (or Tsan) language is spoken by a people of former nomads in the world of Onahar. Their culture is split between the natures of deserts and the seas. Their culture is defined by the concept of the ''basi'', spirits, which reside in all things living or dead. The human spirit is called the ''ǧay'', and is shared with the self. When we die, both the self and the ''ǧay'' leave the body, but the spirit lives on.

Kandi is a language with a few notable features - it has no marking for number, tense or even a distinction between nouns and verbs. The key of Kandi is its predicate-argument flexibility, where any word may act as both a predicate and an argument to one.

The Kandi grammar is not yet updated on Linguifex, but a link is available [https://lookaside.fbsbx.com/file/Reformed_Kandi.pdf?token=AWxQW8nIHET2q8uzHbkpC4TtLSiyUQ61K1bx19geXUxX4fUs9-WeInqXvv8QL5EL6eojEvwfdVSTLAXKHDRwC6QKf-qYiFEL23YgzkUtS1BmMzNhhhgZH6ascLdn2GglI852YRCW-S-Hzp3BzDKovcfxCfpFu9EtdoS1a9jabwwkGQ here].

== Relay Text ==
''Awí akuráttu; mahakkúri ina'' 
''on Páysi Diparéyi aksam ǧamannunur,'' 
''amínda on onaharsišawattunur.'' 
''ikka tuwat kakanum, am undan awí akusatšanattu'' 
''Hamáni sonnátunur ya waki hánǧar sirayunnur.''

== Interlinear Gloss ==
{{Gloss
|phrase = Awí akuráttu; mahakkúri ina
| morphemes = awí ak=wura=attu mah=akkúri ina
| gloss = happy.PRED D.this=1P=say.PRED=APP.INSTR, D.many=night.PRED-SPEC previous.PRED
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = on Páysi Diparéyi aksam ǧamannunur,
| morphemes = on Páysi Diparéyi ak=ksam ǧam=annu-nur
| gloss = PN-SPEC D.this=earth.PRED come.PRED=APP.BEN-EVID.HEAR
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = amínda on onaharsišawattunur.
| morphemes = amínda on onahar=si=šaw=attu-nur
| gloss = thankful.PRED then world=D.prev=save=APP.INSTR-EVID.HEAR
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = ikka tuwat kakanum, am undan awí akusatšanattu
| morphemes = ikka tuwat ka-kan-um am unda-n awí akusatšan-attu
| gloss = maybe_not need.PRED-APP.GEN 2P=see.PRED=APP.GEN-SPEC, but arm.PRED-SPEC happy.PRED this=place-cut-APP.INSTR
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = Hamáni sonnátunur ya waki hánǧar sirayunnur.
| morphemes =hamán-i son=nát-nur ya wak-i ha=anǧar si=ra=yum-nur
| gloss = man.PRED-SPEC live=INCH-EVID.HEAR and rain.PRED-SPEC 3P.OBV=fall D.prev=tell=APP.GEN-EVID.HEAR
| translation =
}}

== Notes ==
Grammar concerning the core Kandi grammar is found in the pdf added on this page (to be added to Linguifex). However, a few things are still missing from the current draft:
* The Kandi word order is not strict, but in this text predominantly SOV.
* Kandi has a number of evidential suffixes, one of which is the evidential hearsay, denoting actions only heard of in third person or myths.
{{gloss/indexable
| phrase = Kaputtíndannur
| IPA = /ka'put:i:ndan:ur/
| morphemes = ka-puy=tindan=nur
| gloss = 2P-D.all=know.PRED=EVID.HEAR
| translation = They say he knows all.
| index = 1
}}
* Adverbial constructs are often produced with the instrumental applicative
{{gloss/indexable
| phrase = Awí wuhahaktunattu
| IPA = /a'wi: wuha'haktunat:u/
| morphemes = awi wu-ahak=tun=attu
| gloss = happy.PRED 1P-D.that=do=APP.INSTR
| translation = I happily do that.
| index = 2
}}
* The benefactive applicative often has an allative or dative meaning.

== Abbreviations ==
PRED - predicative 
SPEC - specifier 
D - deictic 
D.prev - ''the one previously mentioned'' 
PN - proper noun (name) 
1P, 2P, 3P, 3P.OBV - 1st, 2nd, 3rd person, 3rd person obviative 
APP - applicative 
GEN - general 
INST - instrumental 
BEN - benefactive 
EVID - evidential 
HEAR - hearsay

Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi

2018-08-29T19:34:03Z

Waahlis: /* Notes */

== Introduction ==

== Relay Text ==
''Awí akuráttu; mahakkúri ina'' 
''on Páysi Diparéyi aksam ǧamannunur,'' 
''amínda on onaharsišawattunur.'' 
''ikka tuwat kakanum, am undan awí akusatšanattu'' 
''Hamáni sonnátunur ya waki hánǧar sirayunnur.''

== Interlinear Gloss ==
{{Gloss
|phrase = Awí akuráttu; mahakkúri ina
| morphemes = awí ak=wura=attu mah=akkúri ina
| gloss = happy.PRED D.this=1P=say.PRED=APP.INSTR, D.many=night.PRED-SPEC previous.PRED
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = on Páysi Diparéyi aksam ǧamannunur,
| morphemes = on Páysi Diparéyi ak=ksam ǧam=annu-nur
| gloss = PN-SPEC D.this=earth.PRED come.PRED=APP.BEN-EVID.HEAR
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = amínda on onaharsišawattunur.
| morphemes = amínda on onahar=si=šaw=attu-nur
| gloss = thankful.PRED then world=D.prev=save=APP.INSTR-EVID.HEAR
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = ikka tuwat kakanum, am undan awí akusatšanattu
| morphemes = ikka tuwat ka-kan-um am unda-n awí akusatšan-attu
| gloss = maybe_not need.PRED-APP.GEN 2P=see.PRED=APP.GEN-SPEC, but arm.PRED-SPEC happy.PRED this=place-cut-APP.INSTR
| translation =
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = Hamáni sonnátunur ya waki hánǧar sirayunnur.
| morphemes =hamán-i son=nát-nur ya wak-i ha=anǧar si=ra=yum-nur
| gloss = man.PRED-SPEC live=INCH-EVID.HEAR and rain.PRED-SPEC 3P.OBV=fall D.prev=tell=APP.GEN-EVID.HEAR
| translation =
}}

== Notes ==
Grammar concerning the core Kandi grammar is found in the pdf added on this page (to be added to Linguifex). However, a few things are still missing from the current draft:
* The Kandi word order is not strict, but in this text predominantly SOV.
* Kandi has a number of evidential suffixes, one of which is the evidential hearsay, denoting actions only heard of in third person or myths.
{{gloss/indexable
| phrase = Kaputtíndannur
| IPA = /ka'put:i:ndan:ur/
| morphemes = ka-puy=tindan=nur
| gloss = 2P-D.all=know.PRED=EVID.HEAR
| translation = They say he knows all.
| index = 1
}}
* Adverbial constructs are often produced with the instrumental applicative
{{gloss/indexable
| phrase = Awí wuhahaktunattu
| IPA = /a'wi: wuha'haktunat:u/
| morphemes = awi wu-ahak=tun=attu
| gloss = happy.PRED 1P-D.that=do=APP.INSTR
| translation = I happily do that.
| index = 2
}}
* The benefactive applicative often has an allative or dative meaning.

== Abbreviations ==
PRED - predicative 
SPEC - specifier 
D - deictic 
D.prev - ''the one previously mentioned'' 
PN - proper noun (name) 
1P, 2P, 3P, 3P.OBV - 1st, 2nd, 3rd person, 3rd person obviative 
APP - applicative 
GEN - general 
INST - instrumental 
BEN - benefactive 
EVID - evidential 
HEAR - hearsay

Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi

2018-08-29T19:10:13Z

Waahlis: /* Abbreviations */

Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi

2018-08-29T19:08:46Z

Waahlis: /* Interlinear Gloss */

Sixth Linguifex Relay/Kandi

2018-08-29T19:05:09Z

Waahlis: /* Interlinear Gloss */

2015-07-29T18:29:57Z

Waahlis: /* Generic greeting */

{{archive}}
== A question ==

can i nominate a language for featured or honoured? When i clicked on "nominate a featured language", i get a message "http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45" which says the requested url could not be found
[[User:SostiMatiko|SostiMatiko]] ([[User talk:SostiMatiko|talk]]) 20:28, 7 March 2015 (CET)

:Sorry, the link is old. Because of how featured languages now work, you will get an infobox at the top of Linguifex when you log-on, with a link to an active nomination thread when these are running. These are usually called near the end of a month. --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 02:48, 9 March 2015 (CET)

:i followed the link to the currently featured language, but could not find any link or place to nominate a language. Can you please just paste that link here? Or, as an administrator you are, i invite you to select http://linguifex.com/wiki/Dama_Diwan as the most honoured language. thanks!

== Really sorry for the late reply! ==

Hi Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán,

I had not realized that you posted a question about Minhast on my Discussion page this past August 2014. I didn't get any notification, but now that I know you posted, I posted my answer to your question on my Discussion page. I didn't want you to think I was ignoring you. Anyway, thanks for your interest.

Anyar

== Generic greeting ==

My my, what a surprise. Welcome back, how are things? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:46, 26 July 2015 (CEST)

Hej! It's been a while; I had gone quite a long time without any conlangery of any kind. Life sort of gets in the way at times. But in general everything's fine! And yourself? [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 22:42, 26 July 2015 (CEST)

Oh, I'm just fine. I just got back here a few weeks ago, myself. Uni made me suffer from withdrawal, so I gathered I should get back to conlanging in the summer; and here I am! And oh, how was Siberia? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:21, 27 July 2015 (CEST)

I got back into it after binging on the backlog of Conlangary episodes. Though now I've started preferring Word for conlanging to the wiki format (probably because its more conducive to my serial sketch-langer nature). What are you doing at uni? I'm just coming to the end of a master's in linguistics myself. Siberia was excellent! And I do miss it at times. [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 14:13, 28 July 2015 (CEST)

Ah, yeah, I've been LaTeX-ing a lot of my languages as well. Yes, your sketchlanging is indeed legendary by now. Oh, right, don't know if I should congratulate you yet, but that's great! Did you learn anything worthy of note in Siberia and France (?, was it)?

I study physics. Not very linguistic, I'm afraid. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 19:24, 28 July 2015 (CEST)

I tried to get in LaTex but never quite got the hang of it for some reason. Maybe it's the instant gratification of WYSIWYG. Well, congratulations are not quite yet in order; I'm still in the middle of writing my dissertation. Nothing particular springs to mind from Russia and France, but it was certainly a formative experience. Be not afraid! Physics is great :) How do you do go about your LaTexing? [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 17:31, 29 July 2015 (CEST)

Interesting, what is your subject? Well, LaTeX isn't exactly known for being very WYSIWYG, and normally you have to work through a terminal or the like. Eventually you grow lazy, however, since compiling takes ages. So I mostly use ShareLaTeX[https://hwww.sharelatex.com], which is free and allows instant compilation. It's especially useful for dissertations ^^. I think my whole department at uni uses this website. And yeah, physics is marvellous! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:29, 29 July 2015 (CEST)

Kandi/Sandbox

2015-07-28T20:48:42Z

Waahlis:

{{Ambox
| name = construction
| subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly>
| small = {{{small|no}}}
| type = notice
| image = [[File:rissphere.png|65px]]
| sect = {{{1|}}}
| issue = got infected with a nasty case of ''topic-comment'' grammar, and needs to be treated accordingly.
| talk = {{{talk|}}}
| date = {{{date|}}}
}}
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize = 100px
|name = Kandi
|nativename = ''Kāndi tsūyi''
|pronunciation = [kaːndɪ t͡suβ̞ʝɪ]
|creator = [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]
|setting = Unknown conworld

|speakers = 4 million
|date = 2015
|familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
|fam1 = Jasi-Jivan
|fam2 = Tanisi
|ancestor = Proto-Kandi
|iso1 = ts
|iso2 = ts
|iso3 = qts
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|agency = ''Aytšin Tatšūkkāndi''
|notice = IPA
}}
'''Kāndi''', or '''Tsan''' (''kāndi tsūyi'' or ''tsani tsūyi'') is a language spoken by the Tsan people. It belongs to the Tanisi language family and is thus distantly related to the [[Ris]] language. Kandi is a heavily [[w:agglutinative language|agglutinating]] with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking [[w:nouns|nouns]] and [[w:adjectives|adjectives]] altogether, in favour of [[w:verb|verb]]s.


==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Morphophonology===
==Noun class specifers==
There are 9 noun classes in Kandi. They are distinguished by the specifier they use, which is one of few grammatical number dependent elements in the language.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightblubg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Class
! colspan="2"| Singular
! colspan="2"| Dual
! colspan="2"| Plural
!
|-
!I
|''-ma''
|''-im''
|''-nna''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yme''
|''-imme''
| people, professions
|-
!II
|''-n''
|''-i''
|
|
|
|
| animals, pets, cattle
|-
!III
|''-uš''
|''-waš''
|
|
|
|
| predators, pejoratives
|-
!IV
|''wa-''
|''w-''
|
|
|
|
| plants, nature
|-
! V
|''ki-''
|''kin-''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yunna''
|
|
| meat, edibles, bodyparts
|-
! VI
|''-š''
|''-iš''
|''-sse''
|''-issa''
|
|
| small/round/short/curved objects
|-
!VII
|''-teh''
|''-teh''
|''-yittah''
|''-īttah''
|
|
| long/straight/thing objects
|-
! VIII
|''-kka''
|''-ākka''
|
|
|
|
| unclear, abstractions
|-
! IX
|''-ye''
|''-ya''
|
|
|''-yeh''
|''-yeh''
| vast objects, divinity, honorifics
|}

== Simple stuff ==
==Predicative expressions==
The Kāndi language lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs, and exhibits a flexibility between the predicate and argument in a clause. Any Kāndi content word is equivalent to a predicative expression, by default {{sc|to be + noun}}. That means that a word like '''''šay''''' would mean ''(it is a) girl''.

{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsa
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sa]
|morphemes = katsa-∅
|gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
|translation = It is a songbird.
|index = 1
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrri
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪ]
| morphemes = agūrri-∅
| gloss = boy({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is a boy.
| index = 2
}}

In a similar fashion there is '''''wī''''', '''''yīn''''' ({{sc|PL}}), '''''sir'''''; content words for ''me'', ''you'', ''this'', et c., equivalent to English pronouns. In order to create a predicative expression of the type {{sc|I am + noun/adj}}, these are fixed to the end of the word. In most circumstances these ''pronominal predicatives'' are clitical.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = wī
|IPA = [wɪː]
| morphemes = wī-∅
| gloss = {{sc|1SG}}(I)-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is I (It is me)
| index = 3
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrriwī
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪwɪː]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=wī
| gloss = boy({{sc|I}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a boy.
| index = 4
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsayīn
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sajɪːn]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=yīn
| gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|2PL}}
| translation = You are songbirds.
| index = 5
}}

This is all fine and dandy, but you may ask yourself, what about predicative expressions with adjectives? How do I describe things? Kāndi does not only lack a verb and noun distinction, it does not have adjectives in their own right either. Rather, some content words are more like adjectives than others, confer '''''kirim''''', ''something red'':
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirim
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = kirim-∅
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is something red (It is red)
| index = 6
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirimmī
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪbmɪː]
| morphemes = kirim-∅=wī
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am something red (I am red)
| index = 6
}}
===Specifier===
Predicative expressions over more complicated subjects than pronouns and the default are created by means of the ''specifier'' ({{sc|spec}}). Similarly to [[w:Salishan languages|Salishan languages]], the specifier determines the subject of a clause, amongst other things. The specifier is dependent upon the noun class of the subject, however:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tšanun wušunna
|IPA = [ˈt͡ʃanun wʊˈʃʊdna]
| morphemes = tšanu-∅-n wušunna-∅
| gloss = horse({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC}} sad({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The horse is sad
| index = 7
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = walīlak kirim
|IPA = [waˈlɪːlak kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = wa-līlak-∅ kirim-∅
| gloss = {{sc|SPEC.SG.IV}}-flower({{sc|IV}})-{{sc|PRED}} red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The flower is red
| index = 8
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okūnna amik
|IPA = [okˈʊːdna aˈmɪk]
| morphemes = ok-∅-ūnna amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC.DU.V}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebbles
| index = 9
}}
The specifier is difficult to understand, but confer the Salish languages of North America. The specifier is approximated relatively well by the expression {{sc|that which}}, which means that '''''tšanun wušunna''''' could be interpreted as ''That which is a horse, it is sad''.

===Compound predicative expressions===
In a similar manner to the enclitical pronomials previously, the predicate may be incorporated into the subject of the clause, and produce a compound of sorts. The compounds are normally accompanied with a suffix '''''-y-''''' for phonological reasons:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okkamik
|IPA = [okˈkamɪk]
| morphemes = ok-y-amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebble/The eye is a pebble
| index = 10
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = šayyū
|IPA = [ˈʃajːʊ͜β]
| morphemes = šay-y-yū-∅
| gloss = girl({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}}-pretty({{sc|VIII}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The girl is pretty
| index = 11
}}
These compounds are no longer very common, and they are sometimes used attributively, confer ''the pretty girl'', instead of ''the girl is pretty''. Most of them have become fixed phrases, '''''šayyū''''' is a common way to call for a girl, for example. The word '''''okkamik''''' on the other hand is used for especially unempathetic people. Other examples include '''''omōkkānay''''', ''God is great'', and '''''wānawakāyuma''''', ''the sky is endless''.
== Intransitive clauses ==
:''See also: [[Kandi/Sandbox#Predicative_expressions|Kandi/Predicative expressions]]''

Intransitive clauses in Kandi are formed in a very similar manner to predicative expressions. In fact, there is no difference at all. Which... Can be tricky. In essence, there is no grammatical difference between ''I am biking'' and ''I am a bike''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkawī
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkawɪː]
| morphemes = sīka-∅=wī
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a bike/I am biking
| index = 12
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tēndatšiwī
|IPA = [ˈtɛːndat͡ʃɪwɪː]
| morphemes = tēnda-∅-tši=wī
| gloss = know({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|DUB}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am not sure I know
| index = 13
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen (been able to see)
| index = 14
}}

Do note that the specifier is afficed to the predicate-like part of the clause, in the last case '''''kānnam-i'''''. An apt translation would thus be ''That which is know(-ing), is a goat''. Remember that definiteness and tense are not distinguished in the language.

== Transitive clauses ==
Transitive clauses are formed in a few different ways. This is the most common construction,
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kingūssa kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkɪŋgʊ͜βsːa ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kin-gūssa-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|V.SPEC}}-arse({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen the arse
| index = 15
}}
which uses a specifier marking on the verb and on the object of the verb. A less idiomatic translation would be ''That which sees that which is the arse, it is a goat''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = išawīy!
|IPA = [ˈɪʃawɪːʝ]
| morphemes = iša-∅=wī=y
| gloss = hate({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}={{sc|2SG}}
| translation = I hate you!
| index = 16
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = winnaš wahšūwī!
|IPA = [wahˈwɪdnaʃ wahˈʃʊ͜βɪː]
| morphemes = winnaš-∅ wah-šū-∅=wī
| gloss = moose({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|SURP}}-eat({{sc|III}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = Gah, the moose is eating me!
| index = 17
}}

== Possession ==
There are two main methods of expression possession in the language, utilising the locative {{sc|LOC}} and instrumental {{sc|INSTR}} affixes. The locative expresses inalienable possession, beside location. The instrumental on the other hand, is used for alienable possession.

=== Alienable possession ===
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkaš wīwun
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkaʃ ˈwɪːwʊn]
| morphemes = sīka-š wī-wun
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|SPEC}} me({{sc|I}})-{{sc|INSTR}}
| translation = my bike
| index = 18
}}

==What's actually inside==

{{Scriptgloss/indexable
|script = ᎭᎪᏨ:ᏡᎲᏙᏙᏔᏋᎹ ᎪᏫᏢᎭᎹ:ᎰᎱ;
|phrase = yáasúweyikukúusima awushuyamátin?
|IPA = [ʝaːsuβ̞ɛʝikuˈkuːβ̞sẽʔa aβ̞uɕuʝʌ̃ˈʔaːtẽ]
| morphemes =
| gloss =
| translation = Is that moose crying herring?
| index = -
}}

[[Category:Tsan]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]

User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán

2015-07-28T17:24:37Z

Waahlis: /* Generic greeting */

Kandi/Sandbox

2015-07-28T11:01:38Z

Waahlis: /* Inalienable possession */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize = 100px
|name = Kandi
|nativename = ''Kāndi tsūyi''
|pronunciation = [kaːndɪ t͡suβ̞ʝɪ]
|creator = [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]
|setting = Unknown conworld

|speakers = 4 million
|date = 2015
|familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
|fam1 = Jasi-Jivan
|fam2 = Tanisi
|ancestor = Proto-Kandi
|iso1 = ts
|iso2 = ts
|iso3 = qts
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|agency = ''Aytšin Tatšūkkāndi''
|notice = IPA
}}
'''Kāndi''', or '''Tsan''' (''kāndi tsūyi'' or ''tsani tsūyi'') is a language spoken by the Tsan people. It belongs to the Tanisi language family and is thus distantly related to the [[Ris]] language. Kandi is a heavily [[w:agglutinative language|agglutinating]] with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking [[w:nouns|nouns]] and [[w:adjectives|adjectives]] altogether, in favour of [[w:verb|verb]]s.


==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Morphophonology===
==Noun class specifers==
There are 9 noun classes in Kandi. They are distinguished by the specifier they use, which is one of few grammatical number dependent elements in the language.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightblubg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Class
! colspan="2"| Singular
! colspan="2"| Dual
! colspan="2"| Plural
!
|-
!I
|''-ma''
|''-im''
|''-nna''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yme''
|''-imme''
| people, professions
|-
!II
|''-n''
|''-i''
|
|
|
|
| animals, pets, cattle
|-
!III
|''-uš''
|''-waš''
|
|
|
|
| predators, pejoratives
|-
!IV
|''wa-''
|''w-''
|
|
|
|
| plants, nature
|-
! V
|''ki-''
|''kin-''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yunna''
|
|
| meat, edibles, bodyparts
|-
! VI
|''-š''
|''-iš''
|''-sse''
|''-issa''
|
|
| small/round/short/curved objects
|-
!VII
|''-teh''
|''-teh''
|''-yittah''
|''-īttah''
|
|
| long/straight/thing objects
|-
! VIII
|''-kka''
|''-ākka''
|
|
|
|
| unclear, abstractions
|-
! IX
|''-ye''
|''-ya''
|
|
|''-yeh''
|''-yeh''
| vast objects, divinity, honorifics
|}

== Simple stuff ==
==Predicative expressions==
The Kāndi language lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs, and exhibits a flexibility between the predicate and argument in a clause. Any Kāndi content word is equivalent to a predicative expression, by default {{sc|to be + noun}}. That means that a word like '''''šay''''' would mean ''(it is a) girl''.

{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsa
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sa]
|morphemes = katsa-∅
|gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
|translation = It is a songbird.
|index = 1
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrri
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪ]
| morphemes = agūrri-∅
| gloss = boy({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is a boy.
| index = 2
}}

In a similar fashion there is '''''wī''''', '''''yīn''''' ({{sc|PL}}), '''''sir'''''; content words for ''me'', ''you'', ''this'', et c., equivalent to English pronouns. In order to create a predicative expression of the type {{sc|I am + noun/adj}}, these are fixed to the end of the word. In most circumstances these ''pronominal predicatives'' are clitical.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = wī
|IPA = [wɪː]
| morphemes = wī-∅
| gloss = {{sc|1SG}}(I)-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is I (It is me)
| index = 3
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrriwī
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪwɪː]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=wī
| gloss = boy({{sc|I}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a boy.
| index = 4
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsayīn
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sajɪːn]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=yīn
| gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|2PL}}
| translation = You are songbirds.
| index = 5
}}

This is all fine and dandy, but you may ask yourself, what about predicative expressions with adjectives? How do I describe things? Kāndi does not only lack a verb and noun distinction, it does not have adjectives in their own right either. Rather, some content words are more like adjectives than others, confer '''''kirim''''', ''something red'':
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirim
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = kirim-∅
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is something red (It is red)
| index = 6
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirimmī
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪbmɪː]
| morphemes = kirim-∅=wī
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am something red (I am red)
| index = 6
}}
===Specifier===
Predicative expressions over more complicated subjects than pronouns and the default are created by means of the ''specifier'' ({{sc|spec}}). Similarly to [[w:Salishan languages|Salishan languages]], the specifier determines the subject of a clause, amongst other things. The specifier is dependent upon the noun class of the subject, however:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tšanun wušunna
|IPA = [ˈt͡ʃanun wʊˈʃʊdna]
| morphemes = tšanu-∅-n wušunna-∅
| gloss = horse({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC}} sad({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The horse is sad
| index = 7
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = walīlak kirim
|IPA = [waˈlɪːlak kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = wa-līlak-∅ kirim-∅
| gloss = {{sc|SPEC.SG.IV}}-flower({{sc|IV}})-{{sc|PRED}} red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The flower is red
| index = 8
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okūnna amik
|IPA = [okˈʊːdna aˈmɪk]
| morphemes = ok-∅-ūnna amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC.DU.V}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebbles
| index = 9
}}
The specifier is difficult to understand, but confer the Salish languages of North America. The specifier is approximated relatively well by the expression {{sc|that which}}, which means that '''''tšanun wušunna''''' could be interpreted as ''That which is a horse, it is sad''.

===Compound predicative expressions===
In a similar manner to the enclitical pronomials previously, the predicate may be incorporated into the subject of the clause, and produce a compound of sorts. The compounds are normally accompanied with a suffix '''''-y-''''' for phonological reasons:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okkamik
|IPA = [okˈkamɪk]
| morphemes = ok-y-amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebble/The eye is a pebble
| index = 10
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = šayyū
|IPA = [ˈʃajːʊ͜β]
| morphemes = šay-y-yū-∅
| gloss = girl({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}}-pretty({{sc|VIII}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The girl is pretty
| index = 11
}}
These compounds are no longer very common, and they are sometimes used attributively, confer ''the pretty girl'', instead of ''the girl is pretty''. Most of them have become fixed phrases, '''''šayyū''''' is a common way to call for a girl, for example. The word '''''okkamik''''' on the other hand is used for especially unempathetic people. Other examples include '''''omōkkānay''''', ''God is great'', and '''''wānawakāyuma''''', ''the sky is endless''.
== Intransitive clauses ==
:''See also: [[Kandi/Sandbox#Predicative_expressions|Kandi/Predicative expressions]]''

Intransitive clauses in Kandi are formed in a very similar manner to predicative expressions. In fact, there is no difference at all. Which... Can be tricky. In essence, there is no grammatical difference between ''I am biking'' and ''I am a bike''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkawī
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkawɪː]
| morphemes = sīka-∅=wī
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a bike/I am biking
| index = 12
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tēndatšiwī
|IPA = [ˈtɛːndat͡ʃɪwɪː]
| morphemes = tēnda-∅-tši=wī
| gloss = know({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|DUB}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am not sure I know
| index = 13
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen (been able to see)
| index = 14
}}

Do note that the specifier is afficed to the predicate-like part of the clause, in the last case '''''kānnam-i'''''. An apt translation would thus be ''That which is know(-ing), is a goat''. Remember that definiteness and tense are not distinguished in the language.

== Transitive clauses ==
Transitive clauses are formed in a few different ways. This is the most common construction,
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kingūssa kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkɪŋgʊ͜βsːa ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kin-gūssa-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|V.SPEC}}-arse({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen the arse
| index = 15
}}
which uses a specifier marking on the verb and on the object of the verb. A less idiomatic translation would be ''That which sees that which is the arse, it is a goat''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = išawīy!
|IPA = [ˈɪʃawɪːʝ]
| morphemes = iša-∅=wī=y
| gloss = hate({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}={{sc|2SG}}
| translation = I hate you!
| index = 16
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = winnaš wahšūwī!
|IPA = [wahˈwɪdnaʃ wahˈʃʊ͜βɪː]
| morphemes = winnaš-∅ wah-šū-∅=wī
| gloss = moose({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|SURP}}-eat({{sc|III}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = Gah, the moose is eating me!
| index = 17
}}

== Possession ==
There are two main methods of expression possession in the language, utilising the locative {{sc|LOC}} and instrumental {{sc|INSTR}} affixes. The locative expresses inalienable possession, beside location. The instrumental on the other hand, is used for alienable possession.

=== Alienable possession ===
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkaš wīwun
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkaʃ ˈwɪːwʊn]
| morphemes = sīka-š wī-wun
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|SPEC}} me({{sc|I}})-{{sc|INSTR}}
| translation = my bike
| index = 18
}}

==What's actually inside==

{{Scriptgloss/indexable
|script = ᎭᎪᏨ:ᏡᎲᏙᏙᏔᏋᎹ ᎪᏫᏢᎭᎹ:ᎰᎱ;
|phrase = yáasúweyikukúusima awushuyamátin?
|IPA = [ʝaːsuβ̞ɛʝikuˈkuːβ̞sẽʔa aβ̞uɕuʝʌ̃ˈʔaːtẽ]
| morphemes =
| gloss =
| translation = Is that moose crying herring?
| index = -
}}

[[Category:Tsan]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]

Kandi/Sandbox

2015-07-28T10:59:03Z

Waahlis:

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize = 100px
|name = Kandi
|nativename = ''Kāndi tsūyi''
|pronunciation = [kaːndɪ t͡suβ̞ʝɪ]
|creator = [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]
|setting = Unknown conworld

|speakers = 4 million
|date = 2015
|familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
|fam1 = Jasi-Jivan
|fam2 = Tanisi
|ancestor = Proto-Kandi
|iso1 = ts
|iso2 = ts
|iso3 = qts
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|agency = ''Aytšin Tatšūkkāndi''
|notice = IPA
}}
'''Kāndi''', or '''Tsan''' (''kāndi tsūyi'' or ''tsani tsūyi'') is a language spoken by the Tsan people. It belongs to the Tanisi language family and is thus distantly related to the [[Ris]] language. Kandi is a heavily [[w:agglutinative language|agglutinating]] with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking [[w:nouns|nouns]] and [[w:adjectives|adjectives]] altogether, in favour of [[w:verb|verb]]s.


==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Morphophonology===
==Noun class specifers==
There are 9 noun classes in Kandi. They are distinguished by the specifier they use, which is one of few grammatical number dependent elements in the language.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightblubg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Class
! colspan="2"| Singular
! colspan="2"| Dual
! colspan="2"| Plural
!
|-
!I
|''-ma''
|''-im''
|''-nna''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yme''
|''-imme''
| people, professions
|-
!II
|''-n''
|''-i''
|
|
|
|
| animals, pets, cattle
|-
!III
|''-uš''
|''-waš''
|
|
|
|
| predators, pejoratives
|-
!IV
|''wa-''
|''w-''
|
|
|
|
| plants, nature
|-
! V
|''ki-''
|''kin-''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yunna''
|
|
| meat, edibles, bodyparts
|-
! VI
|''-š''
|''-iš''
|''-sse''
|''-issa''
|
|
| small/round/short/curved objects
|-
!VII
|''-teh''
|''-teh''
|''-yittah''
|''-īttah''
|
|
| long/straight/thing objects
|-
! VIII
|''-kka''
|''-ākka''
|
|
|
|
| unclear, abstractions
|-
! IX
|''-ye''
|''-ya''
|
|
|''-yeh''
|''-yeh''
| vast objects, divinity, honorifics
|}

== Simple stuff ==
==Predicative expressions==
The Kāndi language lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs, and exhibits a flexibility between the predicate and argument in a clause. Any Kāndi content word is equivalent to a predicative expression, by default {{sc|to be + noun}}. That means that a word like '''''šay''''' would mean ''(it is a) girl''.

{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsa
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sa]
|morphemes = katsa-∅
|gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
|translation = It is a songbird.
|index = 1
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrri
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪ]
| morphemes = agūrri-∅
| gloss = boy({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is a boy.
| index = 2
}}

In a similar fashion there is '''''wī''''', '''''yīn''''' ({{sc|PL}}), '''''sir'''''; content words for ''me'', ''you'', ''this'', et c., equivalent to English pronouns. In order to create a predicative expression of the type {{sc|I am + noun/adj}}, these are fixed to the end of the word. In most circumstances these ''pronominal predicatives'' are clitical.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = wī
|IPA = [wɪː]
| morphemes = wī-∅
| gloss = {{sc|1SG}}(I)-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is I (It is me)
| index = 3
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrriwī
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪwɪː]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=wī
| gloss = boy({{sc|I}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a boy.
| index = 4
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsayīn
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sajɪːn]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=yīn
| gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|2PL}}
| translation = You are songbirds.
| index = 5
}}

This is all fine and dandy, but you may ask yourself, what about predicative expressions with adjectives? How do I describe things? Kāndi does not only lack a verb and noun distinction, it does not have adjectives in their own right either. Rather, some content words are more like adjectives than others, confer '''''kirim''''', ''something red'':
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirim
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = kirim-∅
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is something red (It is red)
| index = 6
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirimmī
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪbmɪː]
| morphemes = kirim-∅=wī
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am something red (I am red)
| index = 6
}}
===Specifier===
Predicative expressions over more complicated subjects than pronouns and the default are created by means of the ''specifier'' ({{sc|spec}}). Similarly to [[w:Salishan languages|Salishan languages]], the specifier determines the subject of a clause, amongst other things. The specifier is dependent upon the noun class of the subject, however:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tšanun wušunna
|IPA = [ˈt͡ʃanun wʊˈʃʊdna]
| morphemes = tšanu-∅-n wušunna-∅
| gloss = horse({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC}} sad({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The horse is sad
| index = 7
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = walīlak kirim
|IPA = [waˈlɪːlak kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = wa-līlak-∅ kirim-∅
| gloss = {{sc|SPEC.SG.IV}}-flower({{sc|IV}})-{{sc|PRED}} red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The flower is red
| index = 8
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okūnna amik
|IPA = [okˈʊːdna aˈmɪk]
| morphemes = ok-∅-ūnna amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC.DU.V}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebbles
| index = 9
}}
The specifier is difficult to understand, but confer the Salish languages of North America. The specifier is approximated relatively well by the expression {{sc|that which}}, which means that '''''tšanun wušunna''''' could be interpreted as ''That which is a horse, it is sad''.

===Compound predicative expressions===
In a similar manner to the enclitical pronomials previously, the predicate may be incorporated into the subject of the clause, and produce a compound of sorts. The compounds are normally accompanied with a suffix '''''-y-''''' for phonological reasons:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okkamik
|IPA = [okˈkamɪk]
| morphemes = ok-y-amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebble/The eye is a pebble
| index = 10
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = šayyū
|IPA = [ˈʃajːʊ͜β]
| morphemes = šay-y-yū-∅
| gloss = girl({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}}-pretty({{sc|VIII}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The girl is pretty
| index = 11
}}
These compounds are no longer very common, and they are sometimes used attributively, confer ''the pretty girl'', instead of ''the girl is pretty''. Most of them have become fixed phrases, '''''šayyū''''' is a common way to call for a girl, for example. The word '''''okkamik''''' on the other hand is used for especially unempathetic people. Other examples include '''''omōkkānay''''', ''God is great'', and '''''wānawakāyuma''''', ''the sky is endless''.
== Intransitive clauses ==
:''See also: [[Kandi/Sandbox#Predicative_expressions|Kandi/Predicative expressions]]''

Intransitive clauses in Kandi are formed in a very similar manner to predicative expressions. In fact, there is no difference at all. Which... Can be tricky. In essence, there is no grammatical difference between ''I am biking'' and ''I am a bike''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkawī
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkawɪː]
| morphemes = sīka-∅=wī
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a bike/I am biking
| index = 12
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tēndatšiwī
|IPA = [ˈtɛːndat͡ʃɪwɪː]
| morphemes = tēnda-∅-tši=wī
| gloss = know({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|DUB}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am not sure I know
| index = 13
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen (been able to see)
| index = 14
}}

Do note that the specifier is afficed to the predicate-like part of the clause, in the last case '''''kānnam-i'''''. An apt translation would thus be ''That which is know(-ing), is a goat''. Remember that definiteness and tense are not distinguished in the language.

== Transitive clauses ==
Transitive clauses are formed in a few different ways. This is the most common construction,
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kingūssa kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkɪŋgʊ͜βsːa ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kin-gūssa-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|V.SPEC}}-arse({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen the arse
| index = 15
}}
which uses a specifier marking on the verb and on the object of the verb. A less idiomatic translation would be ''That which sees that which is the arse, it is a goat''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = išawīy!
|IPA = [ˈɪʃawɪːʝ]
| morphemes = iša-∅=wī=y
| gloss = hate({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}={{sc|2SG}}
| translation = I hate you!
| index = 16
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = winnaš wahšūwī!
|IPA = [wahˈwɪdnaʃ wahˈʃʊ͜βɪː]
| morphemes = winnaš-∅ wah-šū-∅=wī
| gloss = moose({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|SURP}}-eat({{sc|III}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = Gah, the moose is eating me!
| index = 17
}}

== Possession ==
There are two main methods of expression possession in the language, utilising the locative {{sc|LOC}} and instrumental {{sc|INSTR}} affixes. The locative expresses inalienable possession, beside location. The instrumental on the other hand, is used for alienable possession.

=== Inalienable possession ===
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkaš yūmmī
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkaʃ ˈʝʊbmɪː]
| morphemes = sīka-š yūn-wī
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|SPEC}} {{sc|LOC}}-me({{sc|I}})
| translation = my bike
| index = 17
}}

==What's actually inside==

{{Scriptgloss/indexable
|script = ᎭᎪᏨ:ᏡᎲᏙᏙᏔᏋᎹ ᎪᏫᏢᎭᎹ:ᎰᎱ;
|phrase = yáasúweyikukúusima awushuyamátin?
|IPA = [ʝaːsuβ̞ɛʝikuˈkuːβ̞sẽʔa aβ̞uɕuʝʌ̃ˈʔaːtẽ]
| morphemes =
| gloss =
| translation = Is that moose crying herring?
| index = -
}}

[[Category:Tsan]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]

User:Waahlis/Jasi-Jivan languages/Swadesh

2015-07-28T10:54:11Z

Waahlis: /* 1-19 */

__TOC__

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center; width: 900px"
|
==== 1-19 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 1
! I
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| ''wī''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
| i=No|2
! thou
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| ''ka'', ''-y''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|3
! he; she; it
|c=e1|
|c=03|
|c=04| ''sa''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 4
! we
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| -
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 5
! you
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| -
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 6
! they
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| -
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 7
! this
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''sir''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 8
! that
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''kin''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 9
! here
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''yūssir''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 10
! there
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|''yūngin''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 11
! who
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 12
! what
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 13
! where
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 14
! when
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 15
! how
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 16
! not
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 17
! all
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 18
! many
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 19
! some
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 20-39 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 20
! few
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 21
! other
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 22
! one
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 23
! two
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 24
! three
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 25
! four
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 26
! five
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 27
! big
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 28
! long
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 29
! wide
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 30
! thick
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 31
! heavy
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 32
! small
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 33
! short
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 34
! narrow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 35
! thin
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 36
! woman
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 37
! man (male)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 38
! person
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 39
! child (a youth)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 40-59 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 40
! wife
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 41
! husband
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 42
! mother
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 43
! father
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 44
! animal
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 45
! fish
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 46
! bird
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 47
! dog
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 48
! louse
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 49
! snake
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 50
! worm
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 51
! tree
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 52
! forest
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 53
! stick (of wood)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 54
! fruit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 55
! seed
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 56
! leaf
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 57
! root
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 58
! bark (of tree)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 59
! flower
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 60-79 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 60
! grass
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 61
! rope
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 62
! skin (of a person)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 63
! meat (as in flesh)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 64
! blood
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 65
! bone
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 66
! fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 67
! egg
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 68
! horn
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 69
! tail
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 70
! feather (rather not down)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 71
! hair
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 72
! head
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 73
! ear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 74
! eye
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 75
! nose
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 76
! mouth
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 77
! tooth (rather not molar) 
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 78
! tongue
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 79
! fingernail
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 80-99 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow (as wind)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 100-119 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know (a fact)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell (sense odor)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt (transitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab (or stick)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch (an itch)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 120-139 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie (as on one's side)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn (change direction)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall (as in drop)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold (in one's hand)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 140-159 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 151
! to rain
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea (as in ocean)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth (as in soil)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 160-179 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind (as in breeze)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day (daytime)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 180-199 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten (as, a log) 
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry (adjective)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right (correct)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|
==== 200-207 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 200
! left (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with (accompanying)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|}
[[Category:Jasi-Jivan languages]][[Category:Swadesh lists]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]

User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán

2015-07-27T09:22:08Z

Waahlis: /* Generic greeting */

{{archive}}
==Welcome back!==
Welcome back! No need to explain yourself, activity has been rather low around here lately due to the holidays, finals, and lots of other reasons I have no idea about. Hope all is well with you!

So, make yourself at home, create a Russian conlang and feel free to do whatcha want! Or well, not completely free, Chrys is watching us. [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:08, 30 December 2013 (CET)

Everything's fine thanks! I hope you're well too. How have your conlanging exploits been going?
[[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 16:21, 30 December 2013 (CET)
P.S. God jul! D.S.

Oh, I'm quite fine! And joyeux noël and something Russian to you too! My exploits have been quite scattered; I seem to have been bitten by the sketchlang bug, but then thanks to that I'm progressing towards a language family and proto-language for my Ris. I'm writing a grammar on it right now, in fact.

I did move your languages here, and it seems Jukpë's a favourite no matter if you're around or not! [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 16:40, 30 December 2013 (CET)

Well I suppose you needed a resident sketchlanger while I was away! I'll take a look at Ris.
Oh, thanks! That's good to know about Jukpë (even if I did leave it in a sort of limbo if I remember correctly). [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 16:46, 30 December 2013 (CET)

== Thanks! ==

I appreciate your time with my article Aoma and the edits for achieving better English! ^^ I'm ashamed to admit that I haven't really gone through the article...
[[User:Juhhmi|Juhhmi]] ([[User talk:Juhhmi|talk]]) 16:27, 7 January 2014 (CET)

Not a problem, it made interesting reading! Don't worry about that, I was reading one of my articles on the old wiki the other day and the writing was god-awful :P
[[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 11:45, 8 January 2014 (CET)

== Input on proposal ==

First, welcome back! Good to have you back. Life sometimes gets in the way of our conlanging and Interneting, it's nothing to apologize for.
Second, I have taken a look at the plugin you linked. It seems pretty handy and I'll see to adding it over the weekend if it works out fine on the test installation. Thanks for the tip! --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 15:09, 9 January 2014 (CET)

== Dobby has a sock ==

Welcome back! Have some [[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]]! --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 03:00, 13 June 2014 (CEST)

Why thank you, I will gladly partake :) [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 13:12, 13 June 2014 (CEST)

== Soggy has a dog ==

Hi!

I just got back as well. Welcome back! As well.

[[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 21:30, 13 June 2014 (CEST)

Welcome back back :) [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 18:10, 15 June 2014 (CEST)

Hai Guise, I found a two year old post of yours on [http://conlangery.com/2011/05/31/conlangery-01-why-conlang/ conlangery.com]. So I decided to Czech back here and what do ye know! I've probably been forgotten haha. --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 09:18, 16 June 2014 (CEST)

Why, hello again! How are you faring? [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 12:30, 17 June 2014 (CEST)

haha, oh pretty good thanks :) --[[User:OlySlayer|OlySlayer]] ([[User talk:OlySlayer|talk]]) 20:19, 19 June 2014 (CEST)

== De Subpaginis ==

Please give your thoughts on this forum [http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=22 thread] --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 07:46, 12 July 2014 (CEST)

== a question ==
can i nominate a language for featured or honoured? When i clicked on "nominate a featured language", i get a message "http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Special:WikiForum&thread=45" which says the requested url could not be found
[[User:SostiMatiko|SostiMatiko]] ([[User talk:SostiMatiko|talk]]) 20:28, 7 March 2015 (CET)

:Sorry, the link is old. Because of how featured languages now work, you will get an infobox at the top of Linguifex when you log-on, with a link to an active nomination thread when these are running. These are usually called near the end of a month. --[[File:Admin.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Chrysophylax|Χρυσοφύλαξ]]''' 02:48, 9 March 2015 (CET)

:i followed the link to the currently featured language, but could not find any link or place to nominate a language. Can you please just paste that link here? Or, as an administrator you are, i invite you to select http://linguifex.com/wiki/Dama_Diwan as the most honoured language. thanks!

== Really sorry for the late reply! ==

Hi Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán,

I had not realized that you posted a question about Minhast on my Discussion page this past August 2014. I didn't get any notification, but now that I know you posted, I posted my answer to your question on my Discussion page. I didn't want you to think I was ignoring you. Anyway, thanks for your interest.

Anyar

== Generic greeting ==

My my, what a surprise. Welcome back, how are things? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 20:46, 26 July 2015 (CEST)

Hej! It's been a while; I had gone quite a long time without any conlangery of any kind. Life sort of gets in the way at times. But in general everything's fine! And yourself? [[File:PMOB.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User:PMOB|Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]]''' 22:42, 26 July 2015 (CEST)

Oh, I'm just fine. I just got back here a few weeeks ago, myself. Uni made me suffer from withdrawal, so I gathered I should get back to conlanging in the summer; and here I am! And oh, how was Siberia? [[File:Waahlis.png|35px|link=Linguifex:Administrators]] '''[[User talk:Waahlis|Waahlis]]''' 11:21, 27 July 2015 (CEST)

User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán

2015-07-26T18:46:58Z

Waahlis: /* Generic greeting */ new section

User:Waahlis/Jasi-Jivan languages/Swadesh

2015-07-26T16:42:46Z

Waahlis:

__TOC__

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center; width: 900px"
|
==== 1-19 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 1
! I
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| ''wī''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
| i=No|2
! thou
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| ''ka'', ''-y''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|3
! he; she; it
|c=e1|
|c=03|
|c=04| ''sa''
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 4
! we
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| -
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 5
! you
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| -
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 6
! they
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04| -
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 7
! this
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 8
! that
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 9
! here
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 10
! there
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 11
! who
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 12
! what
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 13
! where
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 14
! when
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 15
! how
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 16
! not
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 17
! all
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 18
! many
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 19
! some
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 20-39 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 20
! few
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 21
! other
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 22
! one
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 23
! two
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 24
! three
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 25
! four
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 26
! five
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 27
! big
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 28
! long
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 29
! wide
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 30
! thick
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 31
! heavy
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 32
! small
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 33
! short
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 34
! narrow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 35
! thin
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 36
! woman
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 37
! man (male)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 38
! person
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 39
! child (a youth)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 40-59 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 40
! wife
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 41
! husband
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 42
! mother
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 43
! father
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 44
! animal
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 45
! fish
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 46
! bird
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 47
! dog
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 48
! louse
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 49
! snake
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 50
! worm
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 51
! tree
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 52
! forest
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 53
! stick (of wood)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 54
! fruit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 55
! seed
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 56
! leaf
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 57
! root
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 58
! bark (of tree)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 59
! flower
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 60-79 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 60
! grass
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 61
! rope
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 62
! skin (of a person)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 63
! meat (as in flesh)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 64
! blood
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 65
! bone
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 66
! fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 67
! egg
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 68
! horn
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 69
! tail
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 70
! feather (rather not down)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 71
! hair
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 72
! head
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 73
! ear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 74
! eye
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 75
! nose
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 76
! mouth
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 77
! tooth (rather not molar) 
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 78
! tongue
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 79
! fingernail
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 80-99 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow (as wind)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|

==== 100-119 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know (a fact)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell (sense odor)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt (transitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab (or stick)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch (an itch)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 120-139 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie (as on one's side)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn (change direction)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall (as in drop)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold (in one's hand)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 140-159 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 151
! to rain
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea (as in ocean)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth (as in soil)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 160-179 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind (as in breeze)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day (daytime)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
==== 180-199 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold (as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten (as, a log) 
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry (adjective)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right (correct)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|
==== 200-207 ====
! [[w:English|English]]
!c=01| <abbr title="Proto-Jivan">[[Proto-Jivan|PJi]]</abbr>
!c=03| [[Kiwi]]
!c=04| [[Kāndi]]
!c=05| [[Vrka]]
!c=08| [[Wok]]
|-
|i=No| 200
! left (side)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with (accompanying)
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|
|c=03|
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|}
[[Category:Jasi-Jivan languages]][[Category:Swadesh lists]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]

Kandi/Sandbox

2015-07-26T14:58:03Z

Waahlis: /* Possession */

{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize = 100px
|name = Kandi
|nativename = ''Kāndi tsūyi''
|pronunciation = [kaːndɪ t͡suβ̞ʝɪ]
|creator = [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]
|setting = Unknown conworld

|speakers = 4 million
|date = 2015
|familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
|fam1 = Jasi-Jivan
|fam2 = Tanisi
|ancestor = Proto-Kandi
|iso1 = ts
|iso2 = ts
|iso3 = qts
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|agency = ''Aytšin Tatšūkkāndi''
|notice = IPA
}}
'''Kāndi''', or '''Tsan''' (''kāndi tsūyi'' or ''tsani tsūyi'') is a language spoken by the Tsan people. It belongs to the Tanisi language family and is thus distantly related to the [[Ris]] language. Kandi is a heavily [[w:agglutinative language|agglutinating]] with a complex verbal morphology. The language has repeatedly been analysed as lacking [[w:nouns|nouns]] and [[w:adjectives|adjectives]] altogether, in favour of [[w:verb|verb]]s.


==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Morphophonology===
==Noun class specifers==
There are 9 noun classes in Kandi. They are distinguished by the specifier they use, which is one of few grammatical number dependent elements in the language.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightblubg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Class
! colspan="2"| Singular
! colspan="2"| Dual
! colspan="2"| Plural
!
|-
!I
|''-ma''
|''-im''
|''-nna''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yme''
|''-imme''
| people, professions
|-
!II
|''-n''
|''-i''
|
|
|
|
| animals, pets, cattle
|-
!III
|''-uš''
|''-waš''
|
|
|
|
| predators, pejoratives
|-
!IV
|''wa-''
|''w-''
|
|
|
|
| plants, nature
|-
! V
|''ki-''
|''kin-''
|''-ūnna''
|''-yunna''
|
|
| meat, edibles, bodyparts
|-
! VI
|''-š''
|''-iš''
|''-sse''
|''-issa''
|
|
| small/round/short/curved objects
|-
!VII
|''-teh''
|''-teh''
|''-yittah''
|''-īttah''
|
|
| long/straight/thing objects
|-
! VIII
|''-kka''
|''-ākka''
|
|
|
|
| unclear, abstractions
|-
! IX
|''-ye''
|''-ya''
|
|
|''-yeh''
|''-yeh''
| vast objects, divinity, honorifics
|}

== Simple stuff ==
==Predicative expressions==
The Kāndi language lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs, and exhibits a flexibility between the predicate and argument in a clause. Any Kāndi content word is equivalent to a predicative expression, by default {{sc|to be + noun}}. That means that a word like '''''šay''''' would mean ''(it is a) girl''.

{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsa
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sa]
|morphemes = katsa-∅
|gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
|translation = It is a songbird.
|index = 1
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrri
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪ]
| morphemes = agūrri-∅
| gloss = boy({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is a boy.
| index = 2
}}

In a similar fashion there is '''''wī''''', '''''yīn''''' ({{sc|PL}}), '''''sir'''''; content words for ''me'', ''you'', ''this'', et c., equivalent to English pronouns. In order to create a predicative expression of the type {{sc|I am + noun/adj}}, these are fixed to the end of the word. In most circumstances these ''pronominal predicatives'' are clitical.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = wī
|IPA = [wɪː]
| morphemes = wī-∅
| gloss = {{sc|1SG}}(I)-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is I (It is me)
| index = 3
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = agūrriwī
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪwɪː]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=wī
| gloss = boy({{sc|I}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a boy.
| index = 4
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = katsayīn
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sajɪːn]
| morphemes = katsa-∅=yīn
| gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|2PL}}
| translation = You are songbirds.
| index = 5
}}

This is all fine and dandy, but you may ask yourself, what about predicative expressions with adjectives? How do I describe things? Kāndi does not only lack a verb and noun distinction, it does not have adjectives in their own right either. Rather, some content words are more like adjectives than others, confer '''''kirim''''', ''something red'':
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirim
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = kirim-∅
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = It is something red (It is red)
| index = 6
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = kirimmī
|IPA = [kɪˈɾɪbmɪː]
| morphemes = kirim-∅=wī
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am something red (I am red)
| index = 6
}}
===Specifier===
Predicative expressions over more complicated subjects than pronouns and the default are created by means of the ''specifier'' ({{sc|spec}}). Similarly to [[w:Salishan languages|Salishan languages]], the specifier determines the subject of a clause, amongst other things. The specifier is dependent upon the noun class of the subject, however:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tšanun wušunna
|IPA = [ˈt͡ʃanun wʊˈʃʊdna]
| morphemes = tšanu-∅-n wušunna-∅
| gloss = horse({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC}} sad({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The horse is sad
| index = 7
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = walīlak kirim
|IPA = [waˈlɪːlak kɪˈɾɪm]
| morphemes = wa-līlak-∅ kirim-∅
| gloss = {{sc|SPEC.SG.IV}}-flower({{sc|IV}})-{{sc|PRED}} red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The flower is red
| index = 8
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okūnna amik
|IPA = [okˈʊːdna aˈmɪk]
| morphemes = ok-∅-ūnna amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|SPEC.DU.V}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebbles
| index = 9
}}
The specifier is difficult to understand, but confer the Salish languages of North America. The specifier is approximated relatively well by the expression {{sc|that which}}, which means that '''''tšanun wušunna''''' could be interpreted as ''That which is a horse, it is sad''.

===Compound predicative expressions===
In a similar manner to the enclitical pronomials previously, the predicate may be incorporated into the subject of the clause, and produce a compound of sorts. The compounds are normally accompanied with a suffix '''''-y-''''' for phonological reasons:
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = okkamik
|IPA = [okˈkamɪk]
| morphemes = ok-y-amik-∅
| gloss = eye({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}} pebble({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The eyes are pebble/The eye is a pebble
| index = 10
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = šayyū
|IPA = [ˈʃajːʊ͜β]
| morphemes = šay-y-yū-∅
| gloss = girl({{sc|V}})-{{sc|COMP}}-pretty({{sc|VIII}})-{{sc|PRED}}
| translation = The girl is pretty
| index = 11
}}
These compounds are no longer very common, and they are sometimes used attributively, confer ''the pretty girl'', instead of ''the girl is pretty''. Most of them have become fixed phrases, '''''šayyū''''' is a common way to call for a girl, for example. The word '''''okkamik''''' on the other hand is used for especially unempathetic people. Other examples include '''''omōkkānay''''', ''God is great'', and '''''wānawakāyuma''''', ''the sky is endless''.
== Intransitive clauses ==
:''See also: [[Kandi/Sandbox#Predicative_expressions|Kandi/Predicative expressions]]''

Intransitive clauses in Kandi are formed in a very similar manner to predicative expressions. In fact, there is no difference at all. Which... Can be tricky. In essence, there is no grammatical difference between ''I am biking'' and ''I am a bike''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = sīkawī
|IPA = [ˈsɪːkawɪː]
| morphemes = sīka-∅=wī
| gloss = bike({{sc|VI}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am a bike/I am biking
| index = 12
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = tēndatšiwī
|IPA = [ˈtɛːndat͡ʃɪwɪː]
| morphemes = tēnda-∅-tši=wī
| gloss = know({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|DUB}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = I am not sure I know
| index = 13
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen (been able to see)
| index = 14
}}

Do note that the specifier is afficed to the predicate-like part of the clause, in the last case '''''kānnam-i'''''. An apt translation would thus be ''That which is know(-ing), is a goat''. Remember that definiteness and tense are not distinguished in the language.

== Transitive clauses ==
Transitive clauses are formed in a few different ways. This is the most common construction,
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = yūr kingūssa kānnami
|IPA = [ˈjʊ͜βɾ ˈkɪŋgʊ͜βsːa ˈkaːdnamɪ]
| morphemes = yūr-∅ kin-gūssa-∅ kān-∅-yam-i
| gloss = goat({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|V.SPEC}}-arse({{sc|V}})-{{sc|PRED}} sight(V)-{{sc|PRED}}-{{sc|INF}}-{{sc|II.SPEC}}
| translation = The goat must have seen the arse
| index = 15
}}
which uses a specifier marking on the verb and on the object of the verb. A less idiomatic translation would be ''That which sees that which is the arse, it is a goat''.
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = išawīy!
|IPA = [ˈɪʃawɪːʝ]
| morphemes = iša-∅=wī=y
| gloss = hate({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}={{sc|2SG}}
| translation = I hate you!
| index = 16
}}{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = winnaš wahšūwī!
|IPA = [wahˈwɪdnaʃ wahˈʃʊ͜βɪː]
| morphemes = winnaš-∅ wah-šū-∅=wī
| gloss = moose({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|SURP}}-eat({{sc|III}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = Gah, the moose is eating me!
| index = 17
}}

== Possession ==
There are two main methods of expression possession in the language, utilising the locative {{sc|LOC}} and instrumental {{sc|INSTR}} affixes. The locative expresses inalienable possession, beside location. The instrumental on the other hand, is used for alienable possession.

=== Inalienable possession ===
{{gloss/indexable
|phrase = winnaš wahšūwī!
|IPA = [wahˈwɪdnaʃ wahˈʃʊ͜βɪː]
| morphemes = winnaš-∅ wah-šū-∅=wī
| gloss = moose({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} {{sc|SURP}}-eat({{sc|III}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}}
| translation = Gah, the moose is eating me!
| index = 17
}}

==What's actually inside==

{{Scriptgloss/indexable
|script = ᎭᎪᏨ:ᏡᎲᏙᏙᏔᏋᎹ ᎪᏫᏢᎭᎹ:ᎰᎱ;
|phrase = yáasúweyikukúusima awushuyamátin?
|IPA = [ʝaːsuβ̞ɛʝikuˈkuːβ̞sẽʔa aβ̞uɕuʝʌ̃ˈʔaːtẽ]
| morphemes =
| gloss =
| translation = Is that moose crying herring?
| index = -
}}

[[Category:Tsan]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]