Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Module:category tree/wiktionary users

2026-05-22T21:29:32Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local raw_categories = {}
local raw_handlers = {}

local concat = table.concat
local insert = table.insert
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Contionary"] = {
description = "High level category for material about Contionary and its operation.",
parents = "Fundamental",
}

raw_categories["Contionary statistics"] = {
description = "Categories and pages containing statistics about how Contionary is used.",
parents = {"Contionary", sort = "Statistics"},
}

raw_categories["Contionary users"] = {
description = "Pages listing Contionary users according to their user rights and categories listing Contionary users according to their linguistic and coding abilities.",
breadcrumb = "Users",
additional = "For an automatically generated list of all users, see [[Special:ListUsers]].",
parents = {"Contionary", sort = "Users"},
}

raw_categories["Wikimedians banned by the WMF"] = {
description = "Users who have received a [[m:Global bans|global ban]] imposed by the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], in accordance with the [[m:WMF Global Ban Policy|WMF Global Ban Policy]].",
breadcrumb = "Banned by the WMF",
parents = "Contionary users",
}

raw_categories["User languages"] = {
description = "Categories listing Contionary users according to their linguistic abilities.",
parents = {
"Contionary users",
"Category:Contionary multilingual issues",
},
}

raw_categories["User languages with invalid code"] = {
description = "Categories listing Contionary users according to their linguistic abilities, where the language code is invalid for Contionary.",
additional = "Most of these codes are valid ISO 639-3 codes but are invalid in Contionary for various reasons, " ..
"typically due to different choices made regarding splitting and merging languages.",
parents = {name = "User languages", sort = " "},
}

raw_categories["User scripts"] = {
description = "Categories listing Contionary users according to their abilities to read a given script.",
parents = {
"Contionary users",
"Category:Contionary multilingual issues",
},
}

raw_categories["User coders"] = {
description = "Categories listing Contionary users according to their coding abilities.",
parents = "Contionary users",
}

raw_categories["User families"] = {
description = "Categories listing Contionary users according to their knowledge about a given language family.",
parents = "Contionary users"
}

raw_categories["Pages with entries"] = {
description = "Pages which contain language entries.",
additional = "The subcategories within this category are used to determine the total number of entries on the English Contionary.",
parents = "Contionary",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Redirects connected to a Wikidata item"] = {
description = "Redirect pages which are connected to a [[d:|Wikidata]] item.",
additional = "These are rarely needed, but are occasionally useful following a page merger, where other wikis may still separate the two.",
parents = "Contionary statistics",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Unsupported titles"] = {
description = "Pages with titles that are not supported by the MediaWiki software.",
additional = "For an explanation of the reasons why certain titles are not supported, see [[Appendix:Unsupported titles]].",
parents = "Contionary",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

-- Tracked according to [[phab:T347324]].
for ext, data in pairs {
["DynamicPageList"] = {"DynamicPageList (Wikimedia)", "T287380"},
["EasyTimeline"] = {"EasyTimeline", "T137291"},
["Graph"] = {"Graph", "T334940"},
["Kartographer"] = {"Kartographer"},
["Phonos"] = {"Phonos"},
["Score"] = {"Score"},
["WikiHiero"] = {"WikiHiero", "T344534"},
} do
local link, phab = unpack(data)
raw_categories["Pages using the " .. ext .. " extension"] = {
description = ("Pages which make use of the [[mw:Extension:%s|%s]] extension."):format(link, ext),
additional = phab and ("See [[phab:%s|%s]] on Phabricator for background information on why this extension is tracked."):format(phab, phab) or nil,
breadcrumb = ("Using the %s extension"):format(ext),
parents = "Contionary statistics",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW HANDLERS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function get_level_params(data)
local speak_verb = "speak"
if data.typ == "lang" then
local is_sign_language = data.obj and data.obj:getFamilyCode() and data.obj:getFamilyCode():find("^sgn") or data.langfam:find("Sign Language$")
speak_verb = data.args.verb or is_sign_language and "communicate in" or "speak"
end
return {
["-"] = {
cssclass = "babel-3",
lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM!.",
script = "These users read !SCRIPT!.",
coder = "These users know how to code in !LANGFAM!.",
family = "These users know !LANGFAM!.",
},
["1"] = {
cssclass = "babel-1",
lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''basic''' level.",
script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''basic''' level.",
coder = "These users know the '''basics''' of how to write !LANGFAM! code and make minor tweaks.",
family = "These users know the '''basics''' of contributing to !LANGFAM!.",
},
["2"] = {
cssclass = "babel-2",
lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''intermediate''' level.",
script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''intermediate''' level.",
coder = "These users have a '''fair command''' of !LANGFAM!, and can understand some scripts written by others.",
family = "These users are '''fairly familiar''' with !LANGFAM!.",
},
["3"] = {
cssclass = "babel-3",
lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at an '''advanced''' level.",
script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at an '''advanced''' level.",
coder = "These users can write '''more complex''' !LANGFAM! code, and can understand and modify most scripts written by others.",
family = "These users '''regularly''' contribute to !LANGFAM!.",
},
["4"] = {
cssclass = "babel-4",
lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''near-native''' level.",
script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''near native''' level.",
coder = "These users can write and understand '''very complex''' !LANGFAM! code.",
},
["5"] = {
cssclass = "babel-5",
lang = "These users " .. speak_verb .. " !LANGFAM! at a '''professional''' level.",
script = "These users can read !SCRIPT! at a '''professional''' level.",
coder = "These users can write and understand !LANGFAM! code at a '''professional''' level.",
},
["N"] = {
cssclass = "babel-N",
lang = "These users are '''native''' speakers of !LANGFAM!.",
script = "These users' '''native''' script is !SCRIPT!.",
},
}
end

local coder_links = {
Asm = "w:Assembly language",
Bash = "w:Bash (Unix shell)",
C = "w:C (programming language)",
["C++"] = "w:C++",
["C Sharp"] = {link = "w:C Sharp (programming language)", lang = "C#"},
CSS = "w:CSS",
Go = "w:Go (programming language)",
Haskell = "w:Haskell",
HTML = "w:HTML",
Java = "w:Java (programming language)",
JavaScript = "w:JavaScript",
Julia = "w:Julia (programming language)",
Kotlin = "w:Kotlin (programming language)",
Lisp = "w:Lisp (programming language)",
Lua = "wikt:Wiktionary:Scripting",
Perl = "w:Perl",
PHP = "w:PHP",
Python = "w:Python (programming language)",
regex = {link = "w:Regular expression", name = "regular expressions"},
Ruby = "w:Ruby (programming language)",
Rust = "w:Rust (programming language)",
Scala = "w:Scala (programming language)",
Scheme = "w:Scheme (programming language)",
SQL = "w:SQL",
template = {link = "wikt:Wiktionary:Templates", name = "wiki templates"},
TypeScript = "w:TypeScript",
VBScript = "w:VBScript",
}

local custom_script_links = {
IPA = "w:International Phonetic Alphabet",
UPA = "w:Uralic Phonetic Alphabet",
}

-- Generic implementation of competency handler for (natural) languages, scripts, families and "coders" (= programming languages).
local function competency_handler(data)
local category = data.category
local langtext = data.langtext
local typ = data.typ
local args = data.args
local code = data.code
local langfam = data.langfam
local langfamcat = data.langfamcat
local script = data.script
local scriptcat = data.scriptcat
local level = data.level
local parents = data.parents
local addl_parents = data.addl_parents
local topright = data.topright
local data_addl = data.additional
local inactive = data.inactive

local parts = {}
local function ins(txt)
insert(parts, txt)
end
local level_params = get_level_params(data)

local params = level_params[level or "-"]
if not params then
error(("Internal error: No params for for code '%s', level %s"):format(code, level or "-"))
end
local function insert_text()
if langtext then
ins(langtext)
ins("<hr />")
end
if not params[typ] then
error(("No English text for code '%s', type '%s', level %s"):format(code, typ, level or "-"))
end
local pattern, repl
if typ == "script" then
pattern = "!SCRIPT!"
repl = ("'''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script)
else
pattern = "!LANGFAM!"
repl = ("'''" .. langfamcat .. "'''"):format(langfam)
if script then
repl = repl .. (" written in '''" .. scriptcat .. "'''"):format(script)
end
end
ins(params[typ]:gsub(pattern, repl))
end

local additional = {}
if level then
insert(additional, ("To be included on this list, add {{tl|Babel|%s}} to your user page. Complete instructions are " ..
"available at [[wikt:Wiktionary:Babel]]."):format(level == "N" and code or ("%s-%s"):format(code, level)))
else
insert(additional, "To be included on this list, use {{tl|Babel}} on your user page. Complete instructions are " ..
"available at [[wikt:Wiktionary:Babel]].")
end

if inactive then
insert(additional, "'''NOTE:''' Users in this category have not been active on the English Contionary for at " ..
"least two years and have been moved into the 'inactive' state due to " ..
"[[wikt:Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-04/Removing inactive editors from user-proficiency categories]].")
parents = {{name = category, sort = " "}}
end
if addl_parents then
for _, addl_parent in ipairs(addl_parents) do
insert(parents, addl_parent)
end
end

if data_addl then
insert(additional, data_addl)
end

local babel_templatestyles = require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:Babel/style.css")
if level then
ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">'):format(params.cssclass))
ins('<table class="babel-content" style="width:238px"><tr>')
ins('<td class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt">')
ins(("'''%s-%s'''</td>"):format(code, level))
ins('<td class="babel-text">')
insert_text()
ins('</td></tr></table></div><br clear="left">')

return {
description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles,
additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"),
breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or "Level " .. level,
parents = parents,
}, not not args
else
ins(('<div class="babel-box %s">\n'):format(params.cssclass))
ins('{| class="babel-content" style="width:260px;"\n')
ins('| class="babel-code" style="font-size:14pt;" | ')
ins(("'''%s'''\n"):format(code))
ins('| class="babel-text" style="text-align:center;" | ')
insert_text()
ins('\n|}</div><br clear="left">')

return {
topright = topright,
description = concat(parts) .. babel_templatestyles,
additional = concat(additional, "\n\n"),
breadcrumb = inactive and "Inactive" or lang,
parents = parents,
}, not not args
end
end

-- Guts of implementation of competency handlers for natural languages (full or etymology-only), possibly with a
-- script attached (e.g. [[Category:User ko-Kore]]).
local function handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args)
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(code, nil, "allow etym")
local langname = args.langname
local sc, scriptname
if sccode then
sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sccode)
scriptname = args.scriptname
end
local code_with_script = code .. (sccode and "-" .. sccode or "")

if not lang or sccode and not sc then
-- If unrecognized language and called from inside, we're handling the parents and breadcrumb for a
-- higher-level category, so at least return something.
if not level and data.called_from_inside then
return {
-- FIXME, scrape langname= category?
breadcrumb = {name = code_with_script, nocap = true},
parents = {name = lang and "User languages with invalid script code" or
"User languages with invalid code", sort = code_with_script}
}, true
end

if not langname then
-- Check if the code matches a Wikimedia language (e.g. "ku" for Kurdish). If it does, treat
-- its canonical name as though it had been given as langname=.
local wm_lang = require("Module:wikimedia languages").getByCode(code)
if not wm_lang then
mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because lang code '%s' is unrecognized and langname= not given"):
format(data.category, code))
return
end
langname = wm_lang:getCanonicalName()
end
if sccode and not sc and not scriptname then
mw.log(("Skipping category '%s' because script code '%s' is unrecognized and scriptname= not given"):
format(data.category, sccode))
return
end
end

if not langname then
if not lang then
error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined lang= should have been caught above")
end
langname = lang:getCanonicalName()
end
if not scriptname and sccode then
if not sc then
error("Internal error: Something went wrong, undefined sc= should have been caught above")
end
-- Use `getCategoryName` not `getCanonicalName` to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts
-- are the same as language names, and otherwise we get nonsensical output like "These users are native speakers
-- of Korean written in Korean".
scriptname = sc:getCategoryName()
end

-- Insert text, appropriately script-tagged, unless already script-tagged (we check for '<span'), in which case we
-- insert it directly. Also handle <<...>> and <<<...>>> in text and convert to bolded link to parent category.
local function wrap(txt)
if not txt then
return
end
if sccode then
-- Substitute <<<...>>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the script) with a link to the
-- top-level 'User SCRIPT' category (e.g. [[:Category:User Kore]] if we're in a sublevel category, or to the
-- top-level script category (e.g. [[:Category:Korean script]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE-SCRIPT'
-- category.
txt = txt:gsub("<<<(.-)>>>", function(inside)
if level then
return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(sccode, inside)
elseif sc then
return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(sc:getCategoryName(), inside)
else
return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside)
end
end)
end
-- Substitute <<...>> (where ... is supposed to be the native rendering of the language) with a link to the
-- top-level 'User CODE' category (e.g. [[:Category:User fr]] or [[:Category:User fr-CA]]) if we're in a
-- sublevel category, or to the top-level language category (e.g. [[:Category:French language]] or
-- [[:Category:Canadian English]]) if we're in a top-level 'User CODE' category.
txt = txt:gsub("<<(.-)>>", function(inside)
if level then
return ("'''[[:Category:User %s|%s]]'''"):format(code, inside)
elseif lang then
return ("'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]'''"):format(lang:getCategoryName(), inside)
else
return ("'''%s'''"):format(inside)
end
end)
if txt:find("<span") or not lang then
return txt
else
return require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(txt, lang, sc)
end
end

local function get_request_cats()
if args.text or code == "en" or code:find("^en%-") or inactive then
return
end
local num_pages = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(data.category, "pages")
local count_cat, count_sort
if num_pages == 0 then
count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 0 users"
count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script
elseif num_pages == 1 then
count_cat = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories with 1 user"
count_sort = "*" .. code_with_script
else
local lowernum, uppernum
lowernum = 2
while true do
uppernum = lowernum * 2 - 1
if num_pages <= uppernum then
break
end
lowernum = lowernum * 2
end
count_cat = ("Requests for translations in user-competency categories with %s-%s users"):format(
lowernum, uppernum)
count_sort = "*" .. ("%0" .. #(tostring(uppernum)) .. "d"):format(num_pages)
end

local addl_parents = {}
insert(addl_parents, {
name = "Requests for translations in user-competency categories by language",
sort = code_with_script,
})
insert(addl_parents, {
name = count_cat,
sort = count_sort,
})
return addl_parents
end

local invalid_lang_warning
if not lang then
invalid_lang_warning = "'''WARNING''': The specified language code is invalid on Contionary. Please migrate " ..
"all competency ratings to the closest valid code."
end

local parents
if level then
parents = {("User %s"):format(code_with_script), sort = level}
elseif sccode then
parents = {}
insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(code), sort = sccode})
insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(sccode), sort = code})
elseif lang then
parents = {}
if lang:hasType("etymology-only") then
local full_code = lang:getFullCode()
local sort_key = code:gsub(("^%s%%-"):format(require(string_utilities_module).pattern_escape(full_code)),
"")
insert(parents, {name = ("User %s"):format(full_code), sort = sort_key})
else
insert(parents, {name = "User languages", sort = code})
end
insert(parents, {name = lang:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"})
else
parents = {"User languages with invalid code", sort = code}
end
local addl_parents = get_request_cats()

local topright
if args.commonscat then
local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+")
if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then
commonscat = data.category
end
if commonscat then
topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat)
end
end

local langcat
if level then
langcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(code)
elseif lang then
langcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(lang:getCategoryName())
else
langcat = "[[wikt:%s|%s]]"
end

local scriptcat
if sccode then
if level then
scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%%s]]"):format(sccode)
elseif sc then
scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName())
else
scriptcat = "[[wikt:%s|%s]]"
end
end

return competency_handler {
category = category,
inactive = inactive,
langtext = wrap(args.text),
typ = "lang",
args = args,
obj = lang,
code = code_with_script,
langfam = langname,
langfamcat = langcat,
script = scriptname,
scriptcat = scriptcat,
level = level,
parents = parents,
addl_parents = addl_parents,
topright = topright,
additional = invalid_lang_warning,
}
end

-- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT]] or [[Category:User LANG-SCRIPT-#]] where # is a
-- competency level (0 through 5 or N), e.g. [[Category:zh-Hans]] or [[Category:yue-Hant-N]]. It's a bit tricky because
-- of the multitude of language formats, e.g. ko-KP is a language code (etym variety) but ko-Kore is a combination
-- lang + script code. We depend on the fact that all script codes are currently of the form Xxxx or Xxxxx, and check
-- for that first. We also need to run prior to the lang-only handler (next handler) so it doesn't try to interpret
-- the script code as an etym variant code.
--
-- Note that there are current categories named things like 'zh-Hant-TW' and 'zh-Hant-HK-3', which we don't support.
-- They should be renamed to some supported code, e.g. 'cmn-TW-Hant' and 'yue-HK-Hant-3'.
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$")
category = category or data.category
local code, sccode, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$")
if not code then
code, sccode, level =
category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$")
end
if not code then
code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$")
end
if not code then
code, sccode = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$")
end
if not code then
return
end

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, {
text = true,
verb = true,
langname = true,
scriptname = true,
scname = {alias_of = "scriptname"},
commonscat = true,
})

return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, sccode, level, args)
end)

-- Hander for categories named [[Category:User LANG]] e.g. [[Category:User en]], [[Category:User en-US]],
-- [[Category:User ine-pro]] or [[Category:User LANG-#]] where # is a competency level (0 through 5 or N) e.g.
-- [[Category:User en-N]] or [[Category:User ndl-nl-1]].
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$")
category = category or data.category
local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$")
if not code then
code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$")
end
if not code then
return
end

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, {
text = true,
verb = true,
langname = true,
commonscat = true,
})

return handle_user_lang_maybe_script(data, category, inactive, code, nil, level, args)
end)

-- Handler for scripts.
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$")
category = category or data.category
local code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$")
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$")
end
if not code then
code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[A-Z][a-z][a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$")
end
if not code then
return
end
local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(code)
if not sc then
return
end

local parents
if level then
parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level}
else
parents = {
{name = "User scripts", sort = code},
{name = sc:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"},
}
end

local scriptcat
-- Better to display 'Foo script' than just 'Foo', as so many scripts are the same as language names.
if level then
scriptcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, sc:getCategoryName())
else
scriptcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(sc:getCategoryName(), sc:getCategoryName())
end

return competency_handler {
category = category,
inactive = inactive,
typ = "script",
obj = sc,
code = code,
script = sc:getCanonicalName(),
scriptcat = scriptcat,
level = level,
parents = parents,
}
end)

-- Handler for "custom" scripts (e.g. IPA).
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$")
category = category or data.category
local code, level
if not code then
code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)%-([0-5N])$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z-]+)$")
end
if not code or not custom_script_links[code] then
return
end

local parents
if level then
parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level}
else
parents = {"User scripts", sort = code}
end

local scriptdata = custom_script_links[code]
if type(scriptdata) == "string" then
scriptdata = {link = scriptdata}
end

local scriptcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(scriptdata.link)

return competency_handler {
category = category,
inactive = inactive,
typ = "script",
code = code,
script = scriptdata.script or code,
scriptcat = scriptcat,
level = level,
parents = parents,
}
end)

-- Handler for programming languages.
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$")
category = category or data.category
local code, level
if not code then
code, level = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z+-]+) coder%-([0-5N])$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([A-Za-z+-]+) coder$")
end
if not code or not coder_links[code] then
return
end

local parents
if level then
parents = {("User %s coder"):format(code), sort = level}
else
parents = {"User coders", sort = code}
end

local langdata = coder_links[code]
if type(langdata) == "string" then
langdata = {link = langdata}
end

local langcat = ("[[%s|%%s]]"):format(langdata.link)

return competency_handler {
category = category,
inactive = inactive,
typ = "coder",
code = code,
langfam = langdata.lang or code,
langfamcat = langcat,
level = level,
parents = parents,
}
end)

-- Handler for language families.
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category, inactive = data.category:match("^(.*) (%(inactive%))$")
category = category or data.category
local code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)%-([0-5N])$")
if not code then
code, level = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)%-([0-5N])$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?)$")
end
if not code then
code = category:match("^User ([a-z][a-z][a-z]?%-[a-zA-Z-]+)$")
end
if not code then
return
end
local fam = require("Module:families").getByCode(code)
if not fam then
return
end

local parents
if level then
parents = {("User %s"):format(code), sort = level}
else
parents = {
{name = "User families", sort = code},
{name = fam:getCategoryName(), sort = "user"},
}
end

local famcat
if level then
famcat = ("[[:Category:User %s|%s]]"):format(code, fam:getCategoryName())
else
famcat = ("[[:Category:%s|%s]]"):format(fam:getCategoryName(), fam:getCategoryName())
end

return competency_handler {
category = category,
inactive = inactive,
typ = "family",
obj = fam,
code = code,
langfam = fam:getCanonicalName(),
langfamcat = famcat,
level = level,
parents = parents,
}
end)

insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local n, suffix = data.category:match("^Pages with (%d+) entr(.+)$")
-- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct.
if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "y" or "ies")) then
return
end
return {
breadcrumb = ("%d entr%s"):format(n, suffix),
description = ("Pages which contain %s language entr%s."):format(n, suffix),
additional = "This category, and others like it, are used to determine the total number of entries on the English Contionary",
hidden = true,
can_be_empty = true,
parents = {
{name = "Pages with entries", sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)},
n == "0" and "Contionary maintenance" or nil, -- "Pages with 0 entries" only contains pages with something wrong.
},
}
end)

return {RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers}

Module:category tree/wiktionary maintenance

2026-05-22T21:29:30Z

Sware: /* See also */ clean up

local raw_categories = {}
local raw_handlers = {}

local m_template_parser = require("Module:template parser")

local get_lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode
local insert = table.insert
local is_internal_title = require("Module:pages").is_internal_title
local new_title = mw.title.new
local split_lang_label = require("Module:category tree").split_lang_label
local php_trim = require("Module:Scribunto").php_trim
local uses_hidden_category = require("Module:maintenance category").uses_hidden_category

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Contionary maintenance"] = {
description = "Categories containing pages that are being tracked for attention and improvement by editors.",
breadcrumb = "Maintenance",
parents = "Contionary",
}

raw_categories["Empty categories"] = {
topright = "{{shortcut|CAT:EC}}",
description = "Categories with no members.",
additional = [=[Categories are placed here by [[Module:category tree]] when they contain no pages or subcategories.

Empty categories are not necessarily a problem, but they can clutter up their parent categories, or become orphaned if the structure of the category tree changes. This category therefore helps track down such cases, and allows them to be cleaned up.

Because of the way the wiki software works, categories will appear here for a while afterwards if they were empty at first but had entries added to them later. This can be fixed by simply performing a "null edit" on the category page: edit the page, and save without making any changes. (Alternatively, use the "null edit" option provided by the "purge tab" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|gadget]].) This can be avoided by adding entries to categories before creating them. It also helps to create categories from the "bottom up": start at the lowest level that has entries, then create its parent categories, then the parent categories of that, and so on.]=],
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Categories with incorrect names"] = {
description = "Categories with names that do not match the expected form within the category tree.",
additional =
[=[This usually happens when additional parameters have been given to {{tl|auto cat}} that don't match the name of the category, or when there is a problem with capitalization or spacing in the category name.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Categories that are not defined in the category tree]]]=],
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Categories that are not defined in the category tree"] = {
description = "Categories which use {{tl|auto cat}}, but which are not registered in the category tree data modules.",
additional = [=[See the error box displayed on any of these categories for more info.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Categories with incorrect names]]]=],
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Entries tagged as derogatory"] = {
description =
"Entries are placed in this category automatically when tagged with {{temp|derogatory}}. Do not add entries to this category manually.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
breadcrumb = "Tagged as derogatory",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Entries with deprecated labels"] = {
description =
"Entries which use labels which have been marked as deprecated and should no longer be used; these should be replaced according to the table below.",
additional =
[=[See all labels: [[Module:labels/data]], [[Module:labels/data/regional]], [[Module:labels/data/topical]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Label
! Replace with
|-
| christianity || Christianity
|-
| currency || numismatics
|-
| emergency || emergency medicine
|-
| greekmyth || Greek mythology
|-
| industry || manufacturing
|-
| islam || Islam
|-
| morphology || linguistic morphology
|-
| musici || musical instruments
|-
| ordinal || ex. 1: [[wikt:14th|14th]]: <nowiki>{{abbreviation of|fourteenth|lang=en}}</nowiki> <br> ex. 2: [[wikt:fourth|fourth]] (in definition): "The [[wikt:ordinal|ordinal]] form of the number [[wikt:four|four]]."
|-
| plural || in the plural (usually)
|-
| quantum || quantum mechanics
|-
| singular || in the singular (usually)
|-
| usually plural<br/>usually in plural</br>usually in the plural || usually<nowiki>|</nowiki>in the plural
|-
| dual || in the dual
|-
| usually dual<br/>usually in dual</br>usually in the dual || usually<nowiki>|</nowiki>in the dual
|-
| vector || linear algebra
|}]=],
breadcrumb = "With deprecated labels",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
}

raw_categories["Hidden categories"] = {
description =
"Categories using the <code>[[mw:Help:Magic words#HIDDENCAT|<nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki>]]</code> behavior switch, which hides the category from the lists of categories in its members and subcategories.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Huge categories"] = {
description = "Categories with more than 1 million members.",
additional =
"Such categories have the [[mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (Wikimedia)|DynamicPageList]] extension disabled, which is normally used to list the newest and oldest pages in a category. This is because categories above that size load very slowly when it is enabled, and in some cases become inaccessible due to timing-out.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Indexed pages"] = {
description =
"Pages using the <code>[[mw:Help:Magic words#INDEX|<nowiki>__INDEX__</nowiki>]]</code> behavior switch, which tells search engines to index the page.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Noindexed pages"] = {
description =
"Pages using the <code>[[mw:Help:Magic words#NOINDEX|<nowiki>__NOINDEX__</nowiki>]]</code> behavior switch, which tells search engines not to index the page.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages using deprecated templates"] = {
description =
"This category contains entries, reconstruction pages, appendixes, sign glosses and citations pages using deprecated templates—templates that have failed our deletion process, and/or that have been replaced by superior templates.",
additional =
[=[This category is populated by {{tl|deprecated code}} and {{tl|deprecated lang param usage}}. The former is wrapped around templates that have been completely deprecated and remove from mainspace (particularly those in [[:Category:Successfully deprecated templates]]). The latter is wrapped around non-deprecated templates that accept the deprecated {{para|lang}} parameter; any use of that parameter will place the page in [[:Category:Pages using deprecated templates]]. Ideally, this category will be empty.

Any pages in this category, particularly those in the mainspace, need to have their deprecated template usages corrected. ]=],
breadcrumb = "Using deprecated templates",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages using lite templates"] = {
description = "Pages which use at least one of the lite templates.",
additional = "See [[:Category:Lua-free templates]].",
breadcrumb = "Using lite templates",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with redundant inline etymon"] = {
description = "Pages where the inline etymon term exists and the ID matches the one on the etymon page.",
additional = "These should be reviewed and simplified to avoid redundant specification.",
breadcrumb = "Redundant inline etymon",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages using etymon with no ID"] = {
description =
"Pages where {{tl|etymon}} is used without an ID and the linked page has only one etymon template for the language.",
additional = "These should be updated to specify an explicit ID to avoid ambiguity if more etymons are added later.",
breadcrumb = "ID-less etymon",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"] = {
description = "Pages where {{tl|etymon}} is used inside another {{tl|etymon}} and the target term is a redlink.",
additional = "These should be reviewed once the target entries are created.",
breadcrumb = "Inline etymon for redlinks",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with tab characters"] = {
description = "Pages which contain a tab character in their wikitext.",
additional = "These should either be removed or replaced with spaces, because they go against [[WT:NORM]].",
breadcrumb = "Tab characters",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with language headings in the wrong order"] = {
description = "Pages in which the headings for each language's entry are in the wrong order.",
additional =
"Level 2 language headings should be in alphabetical order, except for Translingual and English, which go at the top (in that order).",
breadcrumb = "Language headings in the wrong order",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with nonstandard language headings"] = {
description = "Pages which contain a level 2 heading which does not match any language's canonical name.",
additional = "The level 2 language heading for each language should always be that language's canonical name.",
breadcrumb = "Nonstandard language headings",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with unwanted L1 headings"] = {
description = "Pages which contain an unwanted level 1 heading.",
additional =
"Level 1 headings are not used in Contionary content pages, and only occur due to user error or vandalism.",
breadcrumb = "Unwanted L1 headings",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with raw triple-brace template parameters"] = {
description = "Pages which contain raw template parameters in the form of triple braces.",
additional =
"Triple-brace template parameters (e.g. {{param|param}}) are intended for use in templates, as they are substituted with the relevant template argument when the page is transcluded. Although they can theoretically be used on any page, there are currently no legitimate uses for them in content namespaces.\n\nTemplate parameters usually occur due to typos, or when {{tl|subst:}} has been used with a template that isn't supposed to be substed.",
breadcrumb = "Raw template parameters",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with DEFAULTSORT conflicts"] = {
topright = "{{shortcut|CAT:DEFAULTSORT}}",
description = "Pages on which the {{tl|DEFAULTSORT:}} magic word has been used multiple times with different values.",
additional =
"In some (but not all) cases, this causes a warning to display on the page. In the vast majority of instances, an explicit use of {{tl|DEFAULTSORT:}} in wikitext should be <u>removed</u>.This is because the {{tl|head}} template handles it automatically. The only instances where it should be used in wikitext is outside of entries (i.e. outside of mainspace or the Reconstruction namespace)." ..
"\n\nSee also [[:Category:Pages with DISPLAYTITLE conflicts]].",
breadcrumb = "DEFAULTSORT conflicts",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with DISPLAYTITLE conflicts"] = {
topright = "{{shortcut|CAT:DISPLAYTITLE}}",
description =
"Pages on which the {{tl|DISPLAYTITLE:}} magic word has been used multiple times with different values.",
additional =
"In some (but not all) cases, this causes a warning to display on the page. In the vast majority of instances, an explicit use of {{tl|DISPLAYTITLE:}} in wikitext should be <u>removed</u>.This is because the {{tl|head}} template handles it automatically. The only instances where it should be used in wikitext is outside of entries (i.e. outside of mainspace or the Reconstruction namespace)." ..
"\n\nSee also [[:Category:Pages with DEFAULTSORT conflicts]].",
breadcrumb = "DISPLAYTITLE conflicts",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with raw sortkeys"] = {
description = "Pages on which a sortkey has been used with a raw category.",
additional = "For example, {{code|[[<nowiki/>Category:IPA symbols|B]]}}." ..
"\n\nThese are a priority to replace with category templates, since they are hard-coded and override the {{tl|DEFAULTSORT:}} value for the page. This causes problems if there are any changes to the sorting scheme for the category, because there is no way of changing them centrally.\n\n" ..
"By comparison, raw categories which have no sortkey are less of a problem, because they will use the {{tl|DEFAULTSORT:}} value; this can be centrally controlled and is designed to be language-neutral, so avoids the issue of different editors using multiple different sorting schemes for the same category. However, they should still be replaced with category templates, since there may be additional language-specific sorting rules which cannot otherwise be applied.",
breadcrumb = "Raw sortkeys",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with module errors"] = {
topright = "{{shortcut|CAT:E|CAT:ERR|CAT:ERROR}}",
description = "Pages that have errors in a [[wikt:Wiktionary:Scribunto|Lua]] module.",
additional =
"If entries are listed here for more than a day or two, the error should probably be reported at [[wikt:Wiktionary:GP|the Grease Pit]]. Memory errors are a common source of these errors; see the discussion at [[wikt:Wiktionary:Lua memory errors]]." ..
"\n\nBecause the software does not immediately update pages when a change occurs in a template or module, errors listed here may have already been fixed. Therefore, please ensure that the error is still present before reporting problems. You can do this by performing a \"[[mw:Help:Dummy_edit#A_null_edit|null edit]]\" (editing the page and saving without making changes). If the error goes away then, it has already been fixed." ..
"\n\n<u>You can use [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox#action=purge&format=json&forcelinkupdate=1&generator=categorymembers&utf8=1&formatversion=2&gcmtitle=Category%3APages%20with%20module%20errors&gcmlimit=20 this link] and press \"Make request\" to purge the cache of up to 20 pages from this category in one click.</u> This number can be adjusted up to 5,000, but anything above 30–100 will likely cause time-outs (depending on the size of the pages)." ..
"\n\nThe contents of this category is controlled by [[Template:maintenance category]]. It is currently set to place talk pages, user pages{{,}} and user sandbox modules and templates in a separate category." ..
"\n\nSee also [[:Category:Pages with ParserFunction errors]].",
breadcrumb = "Module errors",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages with ParserFunction errors"] = {
topright = "{{shortcut|CAT:PFE}}",
description = "Pages that have errors in a [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunction]] magic word.",
additional =
"Examples of these magic words are {{tl|#expr:}} and {{tl|#time:}}. If entries are listed here for more than a day or two, the error should probably be reported at [[wikt:Wiktionary:GP|the Grease Pit]]." ..
"\n\nBecause the software does not immediately update pages when a change occurs in a template or module, errors listed here may have already been fixed. Therefore, please ensure that the error is still present before reporting problems. You can do this by performing a \"[[meta:Help:Dummy_edit#Null_edit|null edit]]\" (editing the page and saving without making changes). If the error goes away then, it has already been fixed." ..
"\n\n<u>You can use [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox#action=purge&format=json&forcelinkupdate=1&generator=categorymembers&utf8=1&formatversion=2&gcmtitle=Category%3APages%20with%20ParserFunction%20errors&gcmlimit=20 this link] and press \"Make request\" to purge the cache of up to 20 pages from this category in one click.</u> This number can be adjusted up to 5,000, but anything above 30–100 will likely cause time-outs (depending on the size of the pages)." ..
"\n\nThe contents of this category is controlled by [[Template:maintenance category]]. It is currently set to place talk pages, user pages{{,}} and user sandbox modules and templates in a separate category." ..
"\n\nSee also [[:Category:Pages with module errors]].",
breadcrumb = "ParserFunction errors",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Requests for moves, mergers and splits"] = {
description = "Pages and categories which have been tagged with a request for them to be moved, merged or split.",
breadcrumb = "Moves, mergers and splits",
parents = { "Contionary maintenance", "Requests" },
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages to be merged"] = {
description = "Pages tagged to be merged by the {{tl|merge}} template.",
parents = "Requests for moves, mergers and splits",
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages to be moved"] = {
description = "Pages tagged to be moved by the {{tl|move}} template.",
parents = "Requests for moves, mergers and splits",
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages to be split"] = {
description = "Pages tagged to be split by the {{tl|split}} template.",
parents = "Requests for moves, mergers and splits",
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Category and label treatment requests"] = {
description = "Content categories which have been tagged with {{tl|cltr}}, a request for them to be renamed, merged, split or deleted.",
parents = { "Contionary maintenance", "Requests" },
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages using invalid parameters when calling templates"] = {
description = "Pages that use unrecognized parameters when calling a template.",
breadcrumb = "Invalid template parameters",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages using catfix"] = {
description = "Pages that use the <code>[[MediaWiki:Gadget-catfix.js|catfix]]</code> gadget.",
additional =
"This processes links to entries in language-specific categories by adding language-specific formatting, and points them to the language's section of the entry.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages calling Template:minitoc"] = {
description = "Pages that display a mini table of contents by calling {{tl|minitoc}}.",
additional = "This is used on very large pages with many entries, to assist with navigation.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Categories calling Template:auto cat"] = {
description = "Categories that have been placed in another category by calling {{tl|auto cat}}.",
additional =
"This is the preferred way for categories to be subcategorized. The chief reason for this category is to facilitate the finding of categories which are not using {{tl|auto cat}} through the use of negative searches (e.g. qualifying a search with {{code|-incategory:\"{{PAGENAME}}\"}}).",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Categories with categories using raw markup"] = {
description =
"Categories that have been placed in another category using raw wiki markup (e.g. {{cl|Contionary}}). They should be added to the [[Module:category tree|category tree]] data instead.",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

raw_categories["Documentation subpages"] = {
description = "Documentation subpages of templates and modules.",
parents = "Template documentation",
}

raw_categories["Orphaned documentation subpages"] = {
description = "Documentation subpages whose main page was deleted, leaving the documentation orphaned.",
additional = "Pages whose documentation page was created before the main page was created will also appear here. These should not be deleted; a null edit (edit with no changes) should fix this.",
parents = {"Documentation subpages", "Contionary maintenance"},
breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key = "Orphaned",
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Template documentation"] = {
description = "Pages and categories relating to template documentation.",
parents = "Contionary",
}

raw_categories["Templates and modules needing documentation"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Templates and modules with outdated documentation}}",
description =
"[[wikt:Wiktionary:Templates|Templates]] and [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] that require a documentation subpage.",
additional = "See [[Help:Documenting templates and modules]] for more information.",
parents = {"Template documentation", "Contionary maintenance"},
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Templates and modules with outdated documentation"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Templates and modules needing documentation}}",
description =
"[[wikt:Wiktionary:Templates|Templates]] and [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] whose documentation is out of date.",
additional = "See [[Help:Documenting templates]] for more information.",
parents = {"Template documentation", "Contionary maintenance"},
can_be_empty = true,
}

raw_categories["Pages using deprecated source tags"] = {
description =
"Pages that use the [[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension with legacy {{wt|source}} tags instead of {{wt|syntaxhighlight}}.",
breadcrumb = "Deprecated source tags",
parents = "Contionary maintenance",
can_be_empty = true,
hidden = true,
}

insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local template_type = data.category:match("^Pages using invalid parameters when calling (.+) templates$")

if not template_type then
return
end

local parents = { {
name = "Pages using invalid parameters when calling templates",
sort = template_type == "general use" and "*" or template_type,
} }

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(template_type, nil, true)
if lang then
insert(parents, { name = "entry maintenance", is_label = true, lang = lang:getCode() })
end

return {
lang = lang and lang:getCode() or nil,
description = "Pages that use unrecognized parameters when calling " .. template_type .. " templates.",
parents = parents,
breadcrumb = template_type,
}
end)

do
local prefixes = require("Module:table").listToSet { "list", "P", "R", "RQ", "table", "U" }

local function add_parent(parents, seen, cat_type, sortkey)
if seen[cat_type] then
return
end
insert(parents, {
name = ("Pages using invalid parameters when calling %s templates"):format(cat_type),
sort = sortkey,
})
seen[cat_type] = true
end

insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local template = data.category:match("^Pages using invalid parameters when calling (.+)$")

if not template then
return
end

-- Resolve any redirects.
template = new_title(template)
while template do
local redirect = template.redirectTarget
if not (redirect and is_internal_title(redirect)) then
break
end
template = redirect
end

-- Disallow templates which would always hidden maintennace categories (e.g. sandboxes).
if not (template and not uses_hidden_category(template)) then
return
end

local prefixed_text, lang = template.prefixedText
if template.namespace == 10 then
local name = template.text
-- Remove the prefix if present (e.g. "R:" or "RQ:").
local prefix, text = name:match("^(.-):(.+)")
if not (prefix and prefixes[prefix]) then
text = name
end
-- Check the initial language code, chopping off hyphenated sections until there's a match or they run out.
local code = mw.ustring.match(text, "^[a-z][a-zA-Z-]*[a-zA-Z]%f[^%w]")
while code do
lang = get_lang(code)
if lang then
break
end
code = code:match("(.+)%-%a*$")
end
-- If no match and it's a list: or table: template, check if the template name ends "/CODE".
if not lang and (prefix == "list" or prefix == "table") then
code = text:match("%f[^/]%l[%a-]*%a$")
if code then
lang = get_lang(code)
end
end
end

local sortkey = template.text
local parents, seen = {}, {}

-- Categorize as language-specific if a language was found.
if lang then
add_parent(parents, seen, lang:getCanonicalName(), sortkey)
end

-- Also grab any language categories from the template page.
for _, cat in ipairs(template.categories) do
if cat:sub(-10) == " templates" or cat:sub(-13) == " subtemplates" then
local cat_lang = split_lang_label(new_title(cat).text)
if cat_lang then
add_parent(parents, seen, cat_lang:getCanonicalName(), sortkey)
end
end
end

-- If none were found, categorize as general use.
if #parents == 0 then
add_parent(parents, seen, "general use", sortkey)
end

-- Only add can_be_empty if the template exists and contains checkparams.
local content, can_be_empty = template:getContent()
if content then
-- Check for {{#invoke:checkparams|warn|...}}.
-- args[1] is the module and args[2] is the function name, so #INVOKE: will throw an error if either is not present.
for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(content) do
if template:get_name() == "#INVOKE:" then
local args = template:get_arguments()
local arg_2 = args[2]
if arg_2 and php_trim(args[1]) == "checkparams" and php_trim(arg_2) == "warn" then
can_be_empty = true
break
end
end
end
end

return {
canonical_name = "Pages using invalid parameters when calling " .. prefixed_text,
lang = lang and lang:getCode() or nil,
description = ("Pages that use unrecognized parameters when calling {{tl|%s}}.")
:format(m_template_parser.getTemplateInvocationName(template)),
additional =
"These template calls should be reviewed and the invalid parameter(s) should be corrected or removed.",
breadcrumb = prefixed_text,
parents = parents,
can_be_empty = can_be_empty,
hidden = true,
}
end)
end

return { RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers }

Module:category tree/topic/utilities

2026-05-22T21:29:28Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local export = {}

local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities"

local rsplit = mw.text.split

-- Add links to `label`. It operates as follows:
-- 1. If the singular equivalent of the label (which will be the label itself if the label doesn't end in -s) exists as
-- a term in Wiktionary and `no_singularize` isn't specified, link the label to the singular equivalent.
-- 2. Otherwise link the label directly, if it exists (as a term in Wiktionary).
-- 3. Otherwise, if the label is multiword, split the label into words, singularize the last word (unless
-- `no_singularize` is specified), and attempt to link each word individually. This fails if any of the linked words
-- don't exist in Wiktionary.
-- 4. Otherwise, if the label is multiword, split the label into words and link each word individually as-is, including
-- the last one. This fails if any of the linked words don't exist in Wiktionary.
-- 5. Finally, return the label unchanged.
--
-- FIXME: This should probably check if an English term exists for each linked term rather than that the term exists at
-- all.
--
-- If `wikify` is given, just link the singular equivalent of the label to Wikipedia unless `no_singularize` is given,
-- in which case the label is linked as-is to Wikipedia.
--
-- The main use of `no_singularize` is with plural-form terms that also exist in the singular but have special meanings
-- in the plural that are different from the corresponding singular (e.g. [[wikt:acoustics|acoustics]] is not the plural of
-- [[wikt:acoustic|acoustic]], but will be incorrectly linked as [[wikt:acoustic|acoustic]]s unless `no_singularize` is given).
function export.link_label(label, no_singularize, wikify)
local function term_exists(term)
local title = mw.title.new(term)
return title and title.exists
end

local singular_label
if not no_singularize then
singular_label = require(en_utilities_module).singularize(label)
end

if wikify then
if singular_label then
return "[[w:" .. singular_label .. "|" .. label .. "]]"
else
return "[[w:" .. label .. "|" .. label .. "]]"
end
end

-- First try to singularize the label as a whole, unless 'no singularize' was given. If the result exists,
-- return it.
if singular_label and term_exists(singular_label) then
return "[[" .. singular_label .. "|" .. label .. "]]"
elseif term_exists(label) then
-- Then check if the original label as a whole exists, and return if so.
return "[[wikt:" .. label .. "|" .. label .. "]]"
else
-- Otherwise, if the label is multiword, split into words and try the link each one, singularizing the last
-- one unless 'no singularize' was given.
local split_label
if label:find(" ") then
if not no_singularize then
split_label = rsplit(label, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(split_label) do
if i == #split_label then
local singular_word = require(en_utilities_module).singularize(word)
if term_exists(singular_word) then
split_label[i] = "[[" .. singular_word .. "|" .. word .. "]]"
else
split_label = nil
break
end
else
if term_exists(word) then
split_label[i] = "[[wikt:" .. word .. "|" .. word .. "]]"
else
split_label = nil
break
end
end
end
if split_label then
split_label = table.concat(split_label, " ")
end
end

-- If we weren't able to link individual words with the last word singularized, link all words as-is.
if not split_label then
split_label = rsplit(label, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(split_label) do
if term_exists(word) then
split_label[i] = "[[wikt:" .. word .. "|" .. word .. "]]"
else
split_label = nil
break
end
end
if split_label then
split_label = table.concat(split_label, " ")
end
end
end

return split_label or label
end
end

return export

Module:category tree/topic/data

2026-05-22T21:29:27Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local handlers = {}

local top_level_data_module = "Module:category tree/topic/data"
local data_module_prefix = "Module:category tree/topic/"

local subpages = {
"Body",
"Buildings and structures",
"Communication",
"Culture",
"Religion",
"Food and drink",
"Games",
"History",
"Human",
"People",
"Lifeforms",
"Animals",
"Plants",
"Miscellaneous",
"Music",
"Names",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Numbers",
"Philosophy",
"Sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sex",
"Society",
"Sports",
"Technology",
"Thesaurus",
"Time",
"Transport",
"Physical actions",
}

labels["all topics"] = {
type = "toplevel",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms organized by topic, such as \"Family\", \"Chemistry\", \"Planets\", \"Canids\" or \"Cities in France\".",
topic = "listing of all topics",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", nontopic = true}},
}

for _, typ in ipairs { "related-to", "set", "type", "name", "grouping" } do
labels["list of " .. typ .. " categories"] = {
type = "toplevel",
description = "All " .. typ .. " categories currently available in {{{langname}}}.",
parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}},
}
end

labels["list of mixed categories"] = {
type = "toplevel",
description = "All categories currently available in {{{langname}}} that belong to more than one type.",
parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}},
}

for label, data in pairs(labels) do
data.module = top_level_data_module
end

-- Don't throw error on every single category, but on a subset of them, especially the top-level ones.
local function should_throw_error()
local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text -- Don't replace with mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename; we're in Category space
return title:find("List of") or title:find("All ") or title:find(" lemmas")
end

-- Import subpages
for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do
local datamodule = data_module_prefix .. subpage
local retval = require(datamodule)
if not retval["LABELS"] then
retval = {LABELS = retval}
end
for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do
if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then
-- Avoid throwing an error on every single topic category and any other invoking category that calls the
-- topic code.
if should_throw_error() then
error("Label " .. label .. " defined in both [[wikt:"
.. datamodule .. "|"
.. datamodule .. "]] and [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]].")
end
end
data.module = datamodule
labels[label] = data
end
if retval["HANDLERS"] then
for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do
table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler })
end
end
end

return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers}

Module:category tree/topic/Transport

2026-05-22T21:29:26Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["transport"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["animal riding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=riding [[wikt:animal|animal]]s",
parents = {"transport", "horses"},
}

labels["automotive"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

labels["cycling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

labels["nautical"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

labels["navigation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

labels["rail transportation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

labels["road transport"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

labels["roads"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"road transport"},
}

labels["sailing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nautical"},
}

labels["ship parts"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"nautical"},
}

labels["ship prefixes"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"nautical"},
}

labels["shipping"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the transportation of goods by ship",
additional = "For the [[wikt:fandom|fandom]] sense of {{l|en|ship|shipping|id=fandomverb}}, see [[:Category:Shipping (fandom)]].",
parents = {"transport", "nautical"},
}

labels["space travel"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport", "astronautics"},
}

labels["walking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transport"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Time

2026-05-22T21:29:25Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["time"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["Anglo-Saxon calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Anglo-Saxon calendar}}.",
parents = {"months", "lunar months"},
}

labels["Armenian calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Armenian calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["calendar"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"timekeeping"},
}

labels["centuries"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"calendar"},
}

labels["Bengali calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Bengali calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Burmese zodiac signs"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the signs of the {{w|Burmese zodiac}}.",
parents = {"astrology", "calendar"},
}

labels["Chinese earthly branches"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:Chinese|Chinese]] [[wikt:earthly branch|earthly branch]]es",
parents = {"Chinese sexagenary cycle terms"},
}

labels["Chinese heavenly stems"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:Chinese|Chinese]] [[wikt:heavenly stem|heavenly stem]]s",
parents = {"Chinese sexagenary cycle terms"},
}

labels["Chinese months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Chinese calendar}}.",
description = "default",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Chinese sexagenary cycle terms"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:Chinese|Chinese]] {{w|sexagenary cycle}} [[wikt:term|term]]s",
parents = {"calendar"},
}

labels["Chinese zodiac signs"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default wikify",
parents = {"astrology", "calendar", "Chinese mythology"},
}

labels["Christmas"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"holidays", "Christianity"},
}

labels["days of the Hindu calendar"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the [[wikt:day|day]]s of the {{w|Hindu calendar}}.",
parents = {"periodic occurrences", "Hinduism"},
}

labels["days of the week"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=the [[Appendix:Days of the week|days of the week]]",
parents = {"periodic occurrences"},
}

labels["decades"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"calendar"},
}

labels["Easter"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"holidays", "Christianity"},
}

labels["Egyptian calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the ancient {{w|Egyptian calendar}}.",
parents = {"Ancient Egypt", "months"},
}

labels["festivals"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"observances"},
}

labels["Gregorian calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Halloween"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"holidays"},
}

labels["Hanukkah"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"holidays", "Judaism"},
}

labels["Hebrew calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Hebrew calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Hindu Jovian years"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for years in the cycle of [[wikt:Jovian year|Jovian year]]s in traditional calendars of [[wikt:Hinduism|Hinduism]].",
additional = "These are based on the movement of the planet Jupiter rather than that of the sun.",
parents = {"calendar", "Hinduism"},
}

labels["Hindu lunar calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Hindu calendar|Hindu lunar calendar}}.",
parents = {"months", "Hinduism"},
}

labels["Hindu solar calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Hindu calendar|Hindu solar calendar}}.",
parents = {"months", "Hinduism"},
}

labels["holidays"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"observances"},
}

labels["Icelandic calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Icelandic calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Islamic calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"months", "Islam"},
}

labels["Japanese calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Japanese calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Javanese calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Javanese calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Kojoda months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Yoruba calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["lunar months"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Mesoamerican day signs"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"symbols", "calendar"},
wp = "Aztec calendar",
}

labels["months"] = {
type = "set",
preceding = "{{also|Appendix:Months of the year}}",
description = "{{{langname}}} names of the [[wikt:month|month]]s of the [[wikt:year|year]].",
parents = {"periodic occurrences"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["Nanakshahi calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Nanakshahi calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Norse calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["observances"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"calendar"},
}

labels["periodic occurrences"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=occurrences that repeat at certain intervals of time",
parents = {"time"},
}

labels["Persian months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Ramadan"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"observances", "Islam", "Islamic calendar months"},
}

labels["seasons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"periodic occurrences", "nature"},
}

labels["Sinterklaas"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"holidays", "mythological figures"},
}

labels["Chinese solar terms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"calendar", "Sun"},
}

labels["New Year"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:Gregorian|Gregorian]] [[wikt:New Year|New Year]]",
parents = {"holidays"},
}

labels["Syrian Christian months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["Tamil calendar months"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the months of the {{w|Tamil calendar}}.",
parents = {"months"},
}

labels["time zones"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"timekeeping"},
}

labels["Thanksgiving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"holidays"},
}

labels["timekeeping"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"time"},
}

labels["times of day"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:time|time]]s of the [[wikt:day|day]]",
parents = {"periodic occurrences", "timekeeping"},
}

labels["day"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:day|day]] ([[wikt:etymologically|etymologically]] or [[wikt:semantically|semantically]])",
additional = "'''NOTE''': Do not include days of the week within this category. These should be in [[:Category:{{{langcode}}}:Days of the week]].",
parents = {"time"},
}

labels["night"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:night|night]] ([[wikt:etymologically|etymologically]] or [[wikt:semantically|semantically]])",
parents = {"time", "darkness"},
}

labels["years"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"periodic occurrences"},
}

labels["past"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for the [[wikt:past|past]], or for events in the [[wikt:past|past]].",
additional = "NOTE: Do NOT include words that are exclusively verbs, or words related to the field of history or historiography, within this category.",
parents = {"time"},
}

labels["present"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for the [[wikt:present|present]], or for events in the [[wikt:present|present]].",
additional = "NOTE: Do NOT include words that are exclusively verbs, or words related to the field of history or historiography, within this category.",
parents = {"time"},
}

labels["future"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for the [[wikt:future|future]], or for events in the [[wikt:future|future]].",
additional = "NOTE: Do NOT include words that are exclusively verbs, or words related to the field of history or historiography, within this category.",
parents = {"time"},
}

labels["time travel"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"time", "science fiction", "travel", "relativity"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Thesaurus

2026-05-22T21:29:21Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

-- THESE CATEGORIES ARE ONLY INTENDED FOR USE IN THE THESAURUS!

labels["thesaurus-only categories"] = {
type = "grouping",
description = "{{error|do not use this category}}",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

-- closest existing label: ????
labels["aggression"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour", "anger"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

labels["concepts"] = {
type = "grouping",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms grouped into conceptual categories",
parents = {"thesaurus-only categories"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: None (handled by POS categories like "LANG offensive terms")
labels["abusive language"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["change"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:change|change]] and [[wikt:stasis|stasis]]",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["connection"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: "metaphysics" or "ontology" - but this is broader in scope
labels["existence"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["harmony and opposition"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ????
labels["intellectual faculties"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: None (handled by the POS category "LANG interjections")
labels["interjections"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: "drugs" - but this is broader in scope
labels["intoxication and intoxicants"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:intoxication|intoxication]] and [[wikt:intoxicants|intoxicants]]",
parents = {"thesaurus-only categories"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: "love" - but the thesaurus cat incorporates friendship etc
labels["love and affection"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ????
labels["morality"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"personal qualities", "concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["order"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms describing the order and disorder in which things occur or are found; terms to do with the sequential and chaotic nature of things",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: "personality" - but we use that cat for personality traits, while "personal qualities" is for transient states one can be in (e.g. lucky, drunk)
labels["personal qualities"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms describing transient states a person can be in (e.g. lucky, drunk)",
parents = {"thesaurus-only categories"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["possession"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["power"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: "quantity" - but we don't want this category to be under Mathematics, these are not mathematical concepts
labels["quantities"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["relative qualities"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ????
labels["social acts"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour", "communication"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["status"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: "transport" - but this is much broader, containing verbs of motion and the like
labels["travel and movement"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts", "human behaviour"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

-- closest existing label: ?????
labels["volition"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"concepts"},
thesaurusonly = true,
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Technology

2026-05-22T21:29:20Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["technology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["aircraft"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology", "aviation"},
}

labels["amusement rides"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"machines"},
}

labels["Apple Inc."] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Apple Inc.}} or its products",
parents = {"technology", "computing"},
}

labels["armor"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["artillery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"weapons"},
}

labels["automotive parts"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:automotive|automotive]] [[wikt:part|part]]s",
breadcrumb = "Parts",
parents = {"automotive", "automobiles"},
}

labels["automobiles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"vehicles", "automotive"},
}

labels["bags"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"containers"},
}

labels["bicycle parts"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=parts of a [[wikt:bicycle|bicycle]]",
parents = {"cycling"},
}

labels["bicycle types"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:bicycle|bicycle]]s",
parents = {"cycling", "vehicles"},
}

labels["biotechnology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology", "biology"},
}

labels["buttons"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "=[[wikt:button|button]]s of electronic [[wikt:device|device]]s",
parents = {"mechanisms"},
}

labels["C programming language"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[w:C (programming language)|C programming language]] and related [[technology|technologies]]",
parents = {"computer languages"},
}

labels["canals"] = {
type = "name,related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology", "transport"},
}

labels["carpentry tools"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "carpentry"},
}

labels["carriages"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"vehicles"},
}

labels["clocks"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"machines", "timekeeping"},
}

labels["compilation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:compilation|compilation]] of source code",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["computer graphics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"computing"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["computer hardware"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"electronics", "computing"},
}

labels["computer languages"] = {
type = "name",
description = "[[wikt:computer language|computer language]]s and computer [[wikt:programming language|programming language]]s",
parents = {"programming"},
}

labels["computer security"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing", "security"},
}

labels["computing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["consumer electronics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"electronics"},
}

labels["connectors"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"electronics"},
}

labels["construction vehicles"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=vehicles designed to be employed in building settlements",
parents = {"vehicles", "construction"},
}

labels["containers"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools"},
}

labels["food and drink containers"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:container|container]]s for holding [[wikt:food|food]] or [[wikt:liquid|liquid]]s",
parents = {"containers", "food and drink"},
}

labels["cookware and bakeware"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:kitchenware|kitchenware]] used to prepare [[wikt:food|food]]",
parents = {"kitchenware"},
}

labels["cutlery"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"kitchenware"},
}

labels["data modeling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["databases"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["Dragon Ball"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Dragon Ball''",
description = "=the Japanese media franchise ''{{w|Dragon Ball}}''",
parents = {"animation", "fantasy", "Japanese fiction"},
}

labels["e-mail"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Internet", "communication"},
}

labels["electron tubes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[electron tube|electron tubes]] such as [[wikt:vacuum tube|vacuum tube]]s/[[wikt:thermionic valve|thermionic valve]]s",
parents = {"electronics"},
}

labels["electronics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["fans"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Fans (people)}}",
parents = {"tools"},
}

labels["fasteners"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools"},
}

labels["farming tools"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "agriculture"},
}

labels["file formats"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["firearms"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"weapons"},
}

labels["glasses"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"eyewear"},
}

labels["graphical user interface"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["Google"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Google}} or its products",
parents = {"World Wide Web"},
}

labels["gun mechanisms"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:firearm|firearm]] [[wikt:mechanism|mechanism]]s or their parts",
parents = {"firearms", "mechanisms"},
}

labels["home appliances"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"machines", "home"},
}

labels["horse tack"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "horses", "animal riding"},
}

labels["HTML"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:HTML|HTML]], [[wikt:XHTML|XHTML]], and related [[technology|technologies]]",
parents = {"computer languages", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["Huawei"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Huawei}} or its products",
parents = {"technology", "mobile phones"},
}

labels["IBM"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:American|American]] [[wikt:technology|technology]] and [[wikt:consulting|consulting]] [[wikt:firm|firm]] {{w|IBM}}",
parents = {"technology", "computing"},
}

labels["Internet"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"computing", "networking"},
}

labels["Internet memes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"comedy", "Internet", "memetics"},
}

labels["Java programming language"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[w:Java (programming language)|Java programming language]] and related [[technology|technologies]]",
parents = {"computer languages"},
}

labels["JavaScript"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|JavaScript}} and related [[technology|technologies]]",
parents = {"computer languages", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["kitchenware"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "cooking", "home appliances"},
}

labels["knives"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "weapons"},
}

labels["knots"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"fasteners"},
}

labels["Linux"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Linux|Linux]]",
parents = {"Unix"},
}

labels["locks"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"mechanisms", "fasteners", "security"},
}

labels["machines"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["malware"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"software", "computer security"},
}

labels["masonry tools"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "masonry"},
}

labels["measuring instruments"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools"},
}

labels["mechanisms"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"machines"},
}

labels["medical equipment"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "medicine"},
}

labels["metallurgy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["metalworking tools"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "metalworking"},
}

labels["microelectronics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"electronics"},
}

labels["Microsoft"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Microsoft Corporation}}",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["military vehicles"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"vehicles", "military"},
}

labels["milling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"agriculture"},
}

labels["motorcycles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"vehicles"},
}

labels["nanotechnology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["networking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["newsgroups"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Usenet|Usenet]] [[wikt:newsgroup|newsgroup]]s",
parents = {"Usenet"},
}

labels["Nintendo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms either deriving from or relating to {{w|Nintendo}} or its products",
parents = {"video games"},
}

labels["object-oriented programming"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default wikify",
parents = {"programming"},
}

labels["plumbing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["polearms"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"weapons"},
}

labels["Pokémon"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Pokémon''",
description = "=''{{w|Pokémon}}''",
parents = {"Nintendo", "Japanese fiction"},
}

labels["programming"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:computer programming|computer programming]]",
parents = {"computing", "software engineering"},
}

labels["pumps"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"mechanisms"},
}

labels["regular expressions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:regular expression|regular expression]]s.",
parents = {"computing", "programming"},
}

labels["ropes and cords"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "fasteners"},
}

labels["saws"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools"},
}

labels["Sega"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms either deriving from or relating to {{w|Sega}} or its products",
parents = {"video games"},
}

labels["semiconductors"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"electronics"},
}

labels["simple machines"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"machines"},
}

labels["software"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing", "media"},
}

labels["spacecraft"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"vehicles", "space travel"},
}

labels["spears"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"weapons"},
}

labels["stationery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools"},
}

labels["swords"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"weapons"},
}

labels["tools"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"technology"},
}

labels["trapping"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the business of [[wikt:trapper|trapper]]s",
parents = {"hunting"},
}

labels["typing keyboards"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:keyboards|keyboards]] used as [[wikt:writing|writing]] [[wikt:instrument|instrument]]s",
parents = {"writing instruments"},
}

labels["Unicode"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["Unix"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["Usenet"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Internet"},
}

labels["vehicles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"machines", "transport"},
}

labels["video compression"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing"},
}

labels["visualization"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing", "interdisciplinary fields"},
}

labels["warships"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"watercraft", "military"},
}

labels["watercraft"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:watercraft|watercraft]]: [[wikt:ship|ship]]s, [[wikt:boat|boat]]s, or any other vehicle that moves on or through the water",
parents = {"vehicles", "nautical"},
}

labels["weapons"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "hunting", "military"},
}

labels["websites"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"World Wide Web"},
}

labels["wiki"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:wiki|wiki]]s",
parents = {"World Wide Web"},
}

labels["Wikimedia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Wikimedia}}-specific [[wikt:wiki|wiki]]s such as {{w|Wikipedia}} and {{w|Wiktionary}}",
parents = {"wiki"},
}

labels["World Wide Web"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Internet"},
}

labels["writing instruments"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"tools", "writing", "stationery"},
}

labels["quantum computing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computing", "quantum mechanics"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Sports

2026-05-22T21:29:18Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity"},
}

labels["archery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "weapons"},
}

labels["athletics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["Australian rules football"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Australian rules football|Australian rules football]], often known as [[wikt:Aussie rules|Aussie rules]]",
parents = {"football"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["auto racing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"motor racing", "automotive"},
}

labels["badminton"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"racquet sports"},
}

labels["ball games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["baseball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["basketball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["Basque pelota"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["board sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["bodybuilding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["boxing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["bullfighting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["Canadian football"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"football"},
}

labels["capoeira"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"martial arts"},
}

labels["caving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["climbing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["cockfighting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["college sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "universities"},
}

labels["cricket"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["croquet"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["curling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"winter sports"},
}

labels["cycle racing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "cycling"},
}

labels["disc golf"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["diving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:diving|diving]] (the [[sport#Noun|sport]] of [[jump#Verb|jumping]] or [[fall#Verb|falling]] into [[water#Noun|water]] from a [[wikt:platform|platform]] or [[springboard#Noun|springboard]])",
additional = "For terms related to [[wikt:underwater|underwater]] diving, see [[:Category:Underwater diving]] or one of its subcategories.",
parents = {"water sports"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["dressage"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"equestrianism"},
}

labels["equestrianism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"animal riding", "sports"},
}

labels["exercise"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["exercise equipment"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=devices designed for pursuing fitness goals by performing sporting activities on them",
parents = {"exercise", "tools"},
}

labels["falconry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["fencing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["field hockey"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hockey"},
}

labels["figure skating"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"winter sports"},
}

labels["football"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["football (American)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:American football|American football]]",
description = "default",
parents = {"football"},
commonscat = "American football",
wpcat = "American football",
}

labels["football (soccer)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:soccer|soccer]]",
parents = {"football"},
}

labels["Gaelic football"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"football"},
}

labels["gladiatorial combat"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "entertainment"},
}

labels["golf"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["gun sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "firearms"},
}

labels["gymnastics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["handball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["Highland games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["hockey"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["horse racing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"equestrianism", "horses"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["hurling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["ice hockey"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hockey", "winter sports"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["judo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"martial arts"},
}

labels["karate"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"martial arts"},
}

labels["kendo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"martial arts"},
}

labels["lacrosse"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games", "racquet sports"},
}

labels["martial arts"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["motor racing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "automotive"},
}

labels["netball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["paintball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["pesäpallo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games", "Finland"},
wp = true,
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["professional wrestling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "entertainment"},
}

labels["racquet sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["rhythmic gymnastics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"gymnastics"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["roller derby"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["rowing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"water sports"},
wp = "Rowing (sport)",
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["rugby"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["rugby league"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"rugby"},
}

labels["rugby union"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"rugby"},
}

labels["skateboarding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"board sports"},
}

labels["skiing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:snow|snow]] [[wikt:skiing|skiing]]",
parents = {"winter sports"},
}

labels["skydiving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["snowboarding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"winter sports"},
}

labels["softball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["sports areas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=designated areas where [[wikt:sports|sports]] are played",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["sports equipment"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "exercise equipment", "tools"},
}

labels["squash"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the sport of [[wikt:squash|squash]]",
parents = {"ball games", "racquet sports"},
}

labels["sumo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["surfing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"water sports"},
}

labels["swimming"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"water sports"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["table tennis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"ball games", "racquet sports"},
}

labels["tennis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"ball games", "racquet sports"},
}

labels["ultimate"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the sport of [[wikt:ultimate|ultimate]]",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["underwater diving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default wikify",
parents = {"water sports"},
}

labels["volleyball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ball games"},
}

labels["water sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

labels["winter sports"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports", "winter activities"},
}

labels["wrestling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sports"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Society

2026-05-22T21:29:15Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

labels["society"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["academic degrees"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"education"},
}

labels["academic grades"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"education"},
}

labels["accounting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"finance"},
}

labels["administrative divisions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"government"},
}

labels["advertising"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business", "marketing"},
}

labels["alt-right"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:alt-right|alt-right]], a loosely connected [[wikt:far-right|far-right]], [[wikt:white nationalist|white nationalist]] movement",
parents = {"conservatism", "fascism", "ideologies", "white supremacist ideology"},
}

labels["anarchism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "leftism"},
}

labels["anti-Semitism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of discrimination"},
}

labels["awards"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["banking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"finance", "industries"},
}

labels["bars"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"businesses", "drinking"},
}

labels["Basque nationalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Basque Country, Spain", "nationalism"},
}

labels["bedding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"home"},
}

labels["blacksmithing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"metalworking"},
}

labels["bond market"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"finance"},
}

labels["bookbinding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"publishing"},
}

labels["book sizes"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"bookbinding"},
}

labels["Brexit"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Brexit}}, i.e. the withdrawal of the {{w|United Kingdom}} from the {{w|European Union}}",
parents = {"nationalism", "EU politics", "UK politics"},
}

labels["burial"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "death"},
}

labels["business"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"economics", "society"},
}

labels["businesses"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:business|business]]es (specific commercial enterprises or establishments)",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["capitalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"economics", "ideologies"},
}

labels["chairs"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"furniture", "sitting"},
}

labels["child abuse"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crime", "children", "violence"},
}

labels["Chinese restaurants"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "Chinese",
parents = {"restaurants", "China"},
}

labels["cleaning"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"home"},
}

labels["coins"] = {
type = "set,related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"money"},
}

labels["conservatism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:conservatism|conservatism]] or [[wikt:traditionalist|traditionalist]] beliefs",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["commerce"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["commercial documents"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"commerce"},
}

labels["commercial law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breacrumb = "commercial",
parents = {"law", "commerce"},
}

labels["competition law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breacrumb = "competition",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["antitrust law"] = {
description = "default",
breacrumb = "antitrust",
parents = {"competition law"},
}

labels["law of unfair competition"] = {
description = "default with the",
breacrumb = "unfair",
parents = {{name = "competition law", sort = "unfair"}},
}

labels["communism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "socialism", "leftism"},
}

labels["constitutional law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "constitutional",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["copyright"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"intellectual property"},
}

labels["copyright licenses"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:license|license]]s of [[wikt:copyright|copyright]]",
breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key = "licenses",
parents = {"copyright"},
}

labels["corporate law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "corporate",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["corruption"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crime", "politics"},
}

labels["crafts"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["crime"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "criminal law"},
}

labels["crime prevention"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"public safety", "crime"},
}

labels["criminal law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "criminal",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["crochet"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["cryptocurrency"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"currency", "cryptography", "technology"},
}

labels["currencies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"money", "currency"},
}

labels["currency"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"money"},
}

labels["dairy farming"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"agriculture", "industries"},
}

labels["democracy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of government"},
}

labels["diplomacy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["discrimination"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["drug trafficking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crime", "drugs"},
}

labels["education"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["emergency services"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"public safety"},
}

labels["employment"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business", "work"},
}

labels["espionage"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"security", "deception", "secrecy"},
}

labels["evil"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ethics", "religion"},
}

labels["fame"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "knowledge"},
}

labels["family law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "family",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["fascism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["farriery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"blacksmithing", "horses"},
}

labels["feminism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"gender", "female", "ideologies", "society", "sociology"},
}

labels["feudalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of government"},
}

labels["finance"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["firefighting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emergency services", "fire"},
}

labels["forms of discrimination"] = {
type = "type",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:form|form]]s of [[wikt:discrimination|discrimination]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Biases|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Conspiracy theories|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Ideologies}}",
breadcrumb = "forms",
parents = {"discrimination"},
}

labels["forms of government"] = {
type = "type",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:form|form]]s of [[wikt:government|government]].",
breadcrumb = "forms",
parents = {"government"},
}

labels["freedom"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["freedom of speech"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "speech",
parents = {{name = "freedom", sort = "speech"}, "law"},
}

labels["freemasonry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"organizations"},
}

labels["funeral"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "death", "industries"},
}

labels["furniture"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"home"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["gender-critical feminism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "gender-critical",
parents = {"feminism", "gender", "transphobia"},
}

labels["glassblowing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts", "glass"},
}

labels["good"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ethics", "religion"},
}

labels["government"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "politics"},
}

labels["hairdressing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hair", "crafts"},
}

labels["high society"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=royalty and nobility",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["Hindutva"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Hindutva|Hindutva]] or {{w|Hindu nationalism}}",
parents = {"conservatism", "Hinduism", "ideologies", "Indian politics", "nationalism", "theocracy"},
}

labels["historical currencies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "historical",
parents = {"currencies"},
}

labels["home"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["homophobia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"queerphobia"},
}

labels["hospitality"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["host industry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hospitality", "businesses"},
}

labels["hotels"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"businesses", "tourism", "hospitality"},
}

labels["household"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"home"},
}

labels["housing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"home", "buildings"},
}

labels["human resources"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"business", "sociology"},
}

labels["ideologies"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "politics"},
}

labels["imperialism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["import/export"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:import|import]]s and [[wikt:export|export]]s",
parents = {"trading", "transport"},
}

labels["incel community"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:incel|incel]] community",
parents = {"masculism", "sex"},
}

labels["incoterms"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Incoterm|Incoterm]]s",
parents = {"business", "import/export"},
}

labels["industries"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["inheritance law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "inheritance",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["insurance"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"finance", "industries"},
}

labels["intellectual property"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:intellectual property|intellectual property]] [[wikt:law|law]]",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["international law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "international",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["international relations"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default wikify",
parents = {"politics", "Earth"},
}

labels["Islamic finance"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default wikify",
breadcrumb = "Islamic",
parents = {"finance", "banking", "Islam"},
}

labels["Islamic law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default wikify",
breadcrumb = "law",
parents = {{name = "Islam", sort = "law"}, "law"},
}

labels["Islamism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "conservatism", "Islam", "theocracy"},
}

labels["Juche"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"North Korea", "communism", "nationalism"},
}

labels["justice"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["Kentucky Fried Chicken"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|Kentucky Fried Chicken}} [[wikt:chain|chain]] of [[wikt:fast-food|fast-food]] [[wikt:restaurant|restaurant]]s",
parents = {"restaurants"},
}

labels["knitting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["Ku Klux Klan"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"organizations", "white supremacist ideology"},
}

labels["kyabakura industry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hospitality", "businesses"},
}

labels["labour"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:labour|labour]] or the {{w|labour movement}}",
parents = {"work", "leftism"},
}

labels["laundry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"cleaning"},
}

labels["law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:science|science]] and [[wikt:practice|practice]] of [[wikt:law|law]]",
parents = {"justice"},
}

labels["law enforcement"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crime prevention", "emergency services", "law"},
}

labels["law of obligations"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the no singularize",
breadcrumb = "obligations",
parents = {{name = "law", sort = "obligations"}},
}

labels["leatherworking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["leftism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["liberalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["libertarianism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["logistics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"operations"},
}

labels["management"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["Maoism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "communism", "Marxism"},
}

labels["marketing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["Marxism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "socialism"},
}

labels["masculism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "male"},
}

labels["metalworking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts", "metallurgy"},
}

labels["McDonald's"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|McDonald's}} [[wikt:chain|chain]] of [[wikt:fast-food|fast-food]] [[wikt:restaurant|restaurant]]s",
parents = {"restaurants"},
}

labels["micronationalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of government", "ideologies"},
}

labels["military"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["military units"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"military", "occupations"},
}

labels["mining"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"industries"},
}

labels["monarchism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "monarchy"},
}

labels["monarchy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of government", "high society"},
}

labels["money"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["museums"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"businesses", "tourism", "art"},
}

labels["nationalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies"},
}

labels["Nazism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fascism", "white supremacist ideology", "ideologies"},
}

labels["neo-Nazism"] = { -- Adjacent to Nazism, but not quite the same thing.
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Nazism", "fascism", "white supremacist ideology", "ideologies"},
}

labels["Nobel Prize"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"awards"},
}

labels["Objectivism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the political philosophy of {{w|Objectivism}} developed by {{w|Ayn Rand}}",
parents = {"ideologies", "libertarianism"},
}

labels["offices"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=offices, in the sense \"position of responsibility of some authority within an organisation\"",
parents = {"government"},
}

labels["oil industry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
breadcrumb = "oil",
parents = {"industries", "petroleum"},
}

labels["operations"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms covering all operational matters in [[wikt:production|production]], [[wikt:logistics|logistics]], or [[wikt:services|services]].",
parents = {"management", "systems theory"},
}

labels["organizations"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["papermaking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts", "industries"},
}

labels["patent law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "patent",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["peace"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"security"},
}

labels["pensions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"finance"},
}

labels["philanthropy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["Philmont Scout Ranch"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Philmont Scout Ranch}}, a Scouting ranch in the United States",
parents = {"Scouting"},
}

labels["piracy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crime", "nautical"},
}

labels["politics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["poverty"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"wealth"},
}

for _, country_demonym in ipairs {
{"Argentina", "Argentine"},
{"Australia", "Australian"},
{"Bangladesh", "Bangladeshi"},
{"Brazil", "Brazilian"},
{"Bulgaria", "Bulgarian"},
{"Canada", "Canadian"},
{"Chile", "Chilean"},
{"China", "Chinese"},
{"Europe", "European"},
{"European Union", "EU", "the European Union", "European politics"},
{"France", "French", nil, "European politics"},
{"Germany", "German", nil, "European politics"},
{"Hong Kong", "Hong Kong"},
{"Hungary", "Hungarian", nil, "European politics"},
{"India", "Indian"},
{"Indonesia", "Indonesian"},
{"Ireland", "Irish", nil, "European politics"},
{"Japan", "Japanese"},
{"Malaysia", "Malaysian"},
{"Mexico", "Mexican"},
{"New Zealand", "New Zealand"},
{"Nigeria", "Nigerian"},
{"Pakistan", "Pakistani"},
{"Palestine", "Palestinian"},
{"Peru", "Peruvian"},
{"Philippines", "Philippine", "the Philippines"},
{"Poland", "Polish", nil, "European politics"},
{"Portugal", "Portuguese", nil, "European politics"},
{"Russia", "Russian"},
{"Singapore", "Singaporean"},
{"South Africa", "South African"},
{"South Korea", "South Korean"},
{"Spain", "Spanish", nil, "European politics"},
{"Switzerland", "Swiss", nil, "European politics"},
{"Taiwan", "Taiwanese"},
{"Ukraine", "Ukrainian"},
{"United Kingdom", "UK", "the United Kingdom", "European politics"},
{"United States", "US", "the United States"},
{"Venezuela", "Venezuelan"},
{"Vietnam", "Vietnamese"},
} do
local country, demonym, full_country, parent = unpack(country_demonym)
labels[demonym .. " politics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = ("=the {{w|politics of %s}}"):format(full_country or country),
parents = {parent or "politics", country},
}
end

labels["printing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"industries"},
}

labels["prison"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"law enforcement", "buildings"},
}

labels["procedural law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "procedural",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["property law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "property",
parents = {"law"},
}

labels["public administration"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the field of [[wikt:public|public]] [[wikt:administration|administration]]",
parents = {"government"},
}

labels["public safety"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the field of [[wikt:public|public]] [[wikt:safety|safety]]",
parents = {"public administration", "security"},
}

labels["publishing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"industries", "mass media"},
}

labels["QAnon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:QAnon|QAnon]] movement",
parents = {"alt-right", "conspiracy theories", "Donald Trump", "pedophilia"},
}

labels["queerphobia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of discrimination", "LGBTQ"},
}

labels["racism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of discrimination"},
}

labels["rape"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the field of [[wikt:sexual violence|sexual violence]]",
parents = {"sex", "crime", "violence"},
}

labels["real estate"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"industries", "housing"},
}

labels["restaurants"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:restaurant|restaurant]]s (including [[wikt:pub|pub]]s, [[wikt:café|café]]s etc.)",
parents = {"businesses", "food and drink"},
}

labels["royal residences"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"housing", "monarchy"},
}

labels["schools"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"education", "buildings"},
}

-- Note: this is the usual term, not "Scottish law".
labels["Scots law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
breadcrumb = "Scots",
parents = {"law", "Scotland"},
}

labels["Scouting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["security"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["sexism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of discrimination", "gender"},
}

labels["sewing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:sewing|sewing]], sewing tools, sewing [[wikt:technique|technique]]s and so on",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["shoemaking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["slavery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society", "work"},
}

labels["socialism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"economics", "ideologies", "leftism"},
}

labels["social justice"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"politics", "society", "sociology", "leftism"},
}

labels["social security"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"government", "law", "money"},
}

labels["spinning"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:spinning|spinning]], the process of making [[wikt:yarn|yarn]] or [[wikt:string|string]] from raw [[wikt:fiber|fiber]]",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["square dancing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"dance"},
}

labels["standards of identity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"law", "food and drink"},
}

labels["stock market"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"finance"},
}

labels["stock symbols for companies"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:stock symbol|stock symbol]]s for [[company|companies]]",
parents = {"trading"},
}

labels["supply chain"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"operations"},
}

labels["taxation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"government", "law", "money"},
}

labels["theft"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crime"},
}

labels["theocracy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "religion"},
}

labels["timber industry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
breadcrumb = "timber",
parents = {"industries"},
}

labels["trademark"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:trademark|trademark]] [[wikt:law|law]]",
parents = {"intellectual property"},
}

labels["trading"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"business"},
}

labels["transphobia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"forms of discrimination", "transgender"},
}

labels["trust"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"security"},
}

labels["types of settlements"] = {
type = "type",
topic = "settlements",
description = "=[[wikt:settlement|settlement]]s",
parents = {"government"},
}

labels["United Nations"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:United Nations Organization|United Nations Organization]]",
parents = {"organizations"},
}

labels["universities"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"schools"},
}

labels["voting systems"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"democracy", "systems"},
}

labels["wealth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"economics"},
}

labels["weaving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["white supremacist ideology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"racism", "anti-Semitism", "ideologies"},
}

labels["woodworking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"crafts"},
}

labels["Zionism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ideologies", "Judaism", "Israel", "nationalism"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Sex

2026-05-22T21:29:11Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["sex"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:sexual intercourse|sexual intercourse]] or [[wikt:sexuality|sexuality]]",
additional = "For terms related to sex and gender, see [[:Category:Gender]].",
parents = {"all topics", "reproduction"},
}

labels["ABDL"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:ABDL|ABDL]] ([[wikt:adult baby|adult baby]]/[[wikt:diaper lover|diaper lover]]) community",
parents = {"paraphilias", "diapers"},
}

labels["BDSM"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sexuality"},
}

labels["birth control"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sex", "pregnancy"},
}

labels["incest"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sex"},
}

labels["LGBTQ"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:LGBTQ|LGBTQ]] ([[wikt:lesbian|lesbian]], [[wikt:gay|gay]], [[wikt:bisexual|bisexual]], [[wikt:transgender|transgender]], [[wikt:queer|queer]]/[[wikt:questioning|questioning]])",
parents = {"sexuality"}, -- for the T 'gender' should perhaps be a parent, but then nesting gets circularish
}

labels["masturbation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sex"},
}

labels["pedophilia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paraphilias"},
}

labels["paraphilias"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sexuality", "sexology", "philias"},
}

labels["polyamory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"love", "romantic orientations", "sexual orientations"},
}

labels["pornography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sex"},
}

labels["Japanese pornography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"pornography", "Japanese fiction"},
}

labels["prostitution"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sexuality"},
}

labels["seduction community"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"masculism", "sex"},
}

labels["sex positions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sex"},
}

labels["sexuality"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sex", "human behaviour"},
}

labels["sexual orientations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sexuality", "LGBTQ", "love"},
}

labels["romantic orientations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sexuality", "LGBTQ", "love"},
}

labels["vorarephilia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paraphilias"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Sciences

2026-05-22T21:29:08Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["sciences"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["acceleration"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"physics"},
}

labels["acoustics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"applied sciences", "physics", "sound"},
}

labels["adjectives"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"parts of speech"},
}

labels["aeronautics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"sciences"},
}

labels["aerospace"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences", "space", "astronautics", "aeronautics"},
}

labels["agriculture"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"applied sciences"},
}

labels["alchemy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paranormal", "pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"},
}

labels["alternative medicine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine", "pseudoscience"},
}

labels["analytical chemistry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemistry"},
}

labels["anatomy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:anatomy|anatomy]], the study of the [[wikt:body|body]] and its parts.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Body parts}}",
parents = {"biology", "medicine"},
}

labels["andrology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine", "male"},
}

labels["anthropology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:anthropology|anthropology]], the study of [[wikt:human|human]]s.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Human}}",
parents = {"zoology", "social sciences"},
}

labels["anti-gravity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fictional abilities", "gravity", "science fiction", "space access"},
}

labels["applied sciences"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences"},
}

labels["arachnology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:arachnology|arachnology]], the study of [[wikt:spider|spider]]s.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Spiders}}",
parents = {"zoology", "arthropodology"},
}

labels["archaeology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"anthropology", "sciences"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["architectural elements"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"architecture"},
}

labels["architecture"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"applied sciences", "art"},
}

labels["arthropodology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:arthropodology|arthropodology]], the study of [[wikt:arthropod|arthropod]]s.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Arthropods}}",
parents = {"zoology"},
}

labels["artificial intelligence"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"computer science", "cybernetics"},
}

labels["asterisms"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"astronomy"},
}

labels["astronautics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"applied sciences", "space"},
}

labels["astronomy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:astronomy|astronomy]], the study of [[wikt:stars|stars]] and other [[wikt:celestial bodies|celestial bodies]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Celestial bodies}}",
parents = {"sciences", "space"},
}

labels["astrophysics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"physics", "astronomy"},
}

labels["aviation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"aeronautics", "transport"},
}

labels["avionics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"aeronautics", "electronics"},
}

labels["Ayurveda"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alternative medicine", "India"},
}

labels["bacteriology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:bacteriology|bacteriology]], the study of [[wikt:bacteria|bacteria]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Bacteria}}",
parents = {"medicine", "microbiology"},
}

labels["ballistics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mechanics"},
}

labels["biases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[bias|biases]], [[wikt:inclination|inclination]]s of views towards [[wikt:inaccurate|inaccurate]] [[wikt:representation|representation]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Logical fallacies|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Forms of discrimination}}",
parents = {"psychology", "statistics"},
}

labels["biochemistry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemistry", "biology"},
}

labels["biology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:biology|biology]], the study of [[wikt:life|life]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Lifeforms}}",
parents = {"sciences"},
}

labels["black holes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"astronomy", "astrophysics", "gravity", "relativity"},
}

labels["botany"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:botany|botany]], the study of [[wikt:plants|plants]]",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Plants}}",
parents = {"biology"},
}

labels["bryology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:bryology|bryology]], the study of [[wikt:moss|moss]]es and other lower plants.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Mosses}}",
parents = {"biology", "botany"},
}

labels["cardiology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:cardiology|cardiology]], the study of the [[wikt:heart|heart]].",
parents = {"medicine", "circulatory system"},
}

labels["carpentry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"construction", "woodworking"},
}

labels["cartography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"geography"},
}

labels["catalysis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical processes", "chemical reactions", "physical chemistry"},
}

labels["chemical engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering", "chemistry"},
}

labels["chemical formulae"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical notation"},
}

labels["chemical notation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemistry", "names", "symbols"},
}

labels["chemical reactions"] = {
type = "related-to,set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemistry"},
}

labels["chemical reagents"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemistry"},
}

labels["chemistry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences"},
}

labels["Chinese astronomy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"astronomy"},
}

labels["Chinese phonetics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"phonetics", "Chinese"},
}

labels["classical mechanics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mechanics"},
}

labels["classical studies"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"linguistics", "literature", "history"},
}

labels["climatology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:climatology|climatology]], the study of [[wikt:climate|climate]].",
parents = {"earth sciences"},
}

labels["clinical psychology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"psychology", "pathology"},
}

labels["computational linguistics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"linguistics", "computer science"},
}

labels["computer science"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences", "computing"},
}

labels["conchology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:conchology|conchology]], the study of mollusc [[wikt:shell|shell]]s.",
parents = {"malacology"},
}

labels["constellations"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"astronomy"},
}

labels["construction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering", "architecture"},
}

labels["control theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences", "systems"},
}

labels["cosmology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:cosmology|cosmology]], the study of the [[wikt:universe|universe]].",
parents = {"astronomy"},
}

labels["criminology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:criminology|criminology]], the study of [[wikt:crime|crime]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Crime}}",
parents = {"sociology", "crime"},
}

labels["cryptography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"formal sciences", "mathematics", "computer science"},
}

labels["cryptozoology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:cryptozoology|cryptozoology]], the [[wikt:pseudoscientific|pseudoscientific]] study of mythological creatures.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Mythological creatures}}",
parents = {"zoology", "paranormal"},
}

labels["crystallography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"physics", "crystal"},
}

labels["cultural anthropology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"anthropology", "culture"},
}

labels["cybernetics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"applied mathematics", "systems theory"},
}

labels["cytology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:cytology|cytology]], the study of cell biology, cell structure, formation, classification and related topics.",
parents = {"biology"},
}

labels["data management"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"information science", "computer science"},
}

labels["demarcation lines"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=political [[wikt:demarcation line|demarcation line]]s",
parents = {"politics"},
}

labels["decision theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"probability theory", "epistemology"},
}

labels["demography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences", "statistics"},
}

labels["dentistry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine", "teeth"},
}

labels["dermatology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:dermatology|dermatology]], the study of the [[wikt:skin|skin]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Skin}}",
parents = {"medicine"},
}

labels["developmental biology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:developmental biology|developmental biology]], the study of the [[wikt:development|development]] of [[wikt:lifeform|lifeform]]s.",
parents = {"biology"},
}

labels["earth sciences"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences"},
}

labels["earthquake engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering"},
}

labels["ecology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:ecology|ecology]], the study of interaction between [[wikt:life|life]] and its environment.",
parents = {"biology"},
}

labels["economics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:economics|economics]], the study of the [[wikt:economy|economy]].",
parents = {"social sciences"},
}

labels["ecosystems"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"ecology", "landforms"},
}

labels["electrencephalography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:electrencephalography|electrencephalography]], the electrical measurement of the [[wikt:brain|brain]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Brain}}",
parents = {"neuroscience"},
}

labels["electrical engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering", "electricity"},
}

labels["electricity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"electromagnetism"},
}

labels["electrocardiography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"cardiology"},
}

labels["electrodynamics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"electromagnetism"},
}

labels["electrochemistry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"physical chemistry", "electricity"},
}

labels["electromagnetism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"physics"},
}

labels["element nomenclature"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical notation", "names", "chemical elements"},
}

labels["embryology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:embryology|embryology]], the study of the [[wikt:embryo|embryo]].",
parents = {"biology", "developmental biology", "medicine"},
}

labels["emergency medicine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine"},
}

labels["endocrinology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:endocrinology|endocrinology]], the study of [[wikt:hormones|hormones]] and the [[wikt:endocrine system|endocrine system]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Hormones}}",
parents = {"medicine"},
}

labels["engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"applied sciences", "technology"},
}

labels["enterprise engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering"},
}

labels["entomology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:entomology|entomology]], the study of [[wikt:insect|insect]]s.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Insects}}",
parents = {"zoology", "arthropodology"},
}

labels["epidemiology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:epidemiology|epidemiology]].",
parents = {"medicine"},
}

labels["ethnography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"anthropology"},
}

labels["ethnology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:ethnology|ethnology]], the study of [[wikt:people|people]]s.",
parents = {"anthropology"},
}

labels["ethology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:ethology|ethology]], the study of [[wikt:animal|animal]] [[wikt:behaviour|behaviour]].",
parents = {"zoology"},
}

labels["evolutionary theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"biology"},
}

labels["flat earth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used by believers in a flat earth or related to the concept.",
parents = {"pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"},
}

labels["flax"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"agriculture", "Malpighiales order plants"},
}

labels["fluid dynamics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"physics"},
}

labels["forestry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"applied sciences"},
}

labels["functional group prefixes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"organic chemistry"},
}

labels["functional group suffixes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"organic chemistry"},
}

labels["gardens"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=places where plants are grown",
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labels["sociology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:sociology|sociology]], the study of [[wikt:society|society]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Society}}",
parents = {"social sciences"},
}

labels["software engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering", "computer science", "software"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["soil science"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"earth sciences"},
}

labels["sorting algorithms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"theory of computing"},
}

labels["sound engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering", "sound"},
}

labels["space access"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"astronautics"},
}

labels["space sciences"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences", "space"},
}

labels["spectroscopy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"analytical chemistry", "optics", "physics"},
}

labels["statistical mechanics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mechanics"},
}

labels["statistics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"formal sciences", "mathematics"},
}

labels["surgery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine"},
}

labels["surveying"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"geography"},
}

labels["systems"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"interdisciplinary fields", "sciences", "society"},
}

labels["systems engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering"},
}

labels["systems theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sciences", "systems"},
}

labels["taxonomy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
additional = "For individual [[wikt:taxa|taxa]], see [[:Category:Taxonomic names]].",
parents = {"biology", "evolutionary theory"},
}

labels["taxonomic ranks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"taxonomy"},
}

labels["tenses"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"grammar"},
}

labels["teratology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:teratology|teratology]], the study of abnormalities in the [[wikt:development|development]] of the [[wikt:body|body]].",
parents = {"developmental biology", "medicine", "pathology", "toxicology"},
}

labels["theory of computing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in theoretical discussion of [[wikt:computer science|computer science]] or [[wikt:computing|computing]].",
parents = {"computer science"},
}

labels["thermodynamics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"physics"},
}

labels["tides"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"gravity", "periodic occurrences"},
}

labels["toxicology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:toxicology|toxicology]], the study of [[wikt:poisons|poisons]], [[wikt:toxins|toxins]] and other substances with negative effects on the [[wikt:body|body]].",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Poisons}}",
parents = {"medicine", "pharmacology"},
}

labels["traditional Chinese medicine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alternative medicine"},
}

labels["traffic engineering"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"engineering", "road transport"},
}

labels["translation studies"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"linguistics"},
}

labels["traumatology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in traumatology, the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person.",
parents = {"medicine", "pathology"},
}

labels["ufology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paranormal", "anti-gravity", "celestial inhabitants"},
}

labels["units of area"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[w:unit of area|units of area]].",
parents = {"units of measure"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["units of energy"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[w:unit of energy|units of energy]].",
parents = {"units of measure", "energy"},
commonscat = false,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["units of length"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[w:unit of length|units of length]].",
parents = {"units of measure"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["units of mass"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[w:unit of mass|units of mass]].",
parents = {"units of measure"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["units of measure"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[unit of measure|units of measure]].",
parents = {"quantity", "metrology"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = "units of measurement",
}

labels["units of time"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[unit of time|units of time]].",
parents = {"units of measure", "time"},
commonscat = "spans of time",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["urban studies"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"applied sciences", "social sciences"},
}

labels["urology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine"},
}

labels["verbs"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"parts of speech"},
}

labels["veterinary medicine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"medicine", "animals"},
}

labels["virology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:virology|virology]], the study of [[wikt:virus|virus]]es.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Viruses}}",
parents = {"medicine", "microbiology", "pathology"},
}

labels["volcanology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:volcanology|volcanology]], the study of [[wikt:volcano|volcano]]es.",
parents = {"geology"},
}

labels["zoology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in [[wikt:zoology|zoology]], the study of [[wikt:animal|animal]]s.",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:Animals}}",
parents = {"biology"},
}

labels["zymurgy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"biochemistry", "brewing"},
}

labels["colour and pattern morphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:colour|colour]] and [[wikt:pattern|pattern]] [[morph#Etymology 2|morphs]]",
parents = {"zoology"},
}

labels["geological formations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} [[w:geological formation|geological formations]]",
parents = {"geology"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Religion

2026-05-22T21:29:05Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["religion"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"culture"},
}

labels["afterlife"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:afterlife|afterlife]] (existence after death)",
parents = {"religion", "mythology", "death"},
}

labels["dharma"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Hinduism", "Buddhism", "Sikhism", "Jainism"},
}

labels["divine epithets"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used as conventional [[wikt:epithet|epithet]]s for [[deity|deities]].",
parents = {"gods", "titles"},
}

labels["God"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:God|God]] as an entity or an idea",
parents = {"gods", "Judaism", "Christianity", "Islam"},
}

labels["gods"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["hell"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"afterlife", "horror", "torture"},
}

labels["places of worship"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "buildings"},
}

labels["prayer"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

-- Buddhism
labels["Buddhism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Buddhas"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"Buddhism"},
}

labels["Bodhisattvas"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"Buddhism"},
}

labels["Buddhist deities"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"gods", "Buddhism"},
}
--

-- Brazilian religion

labels["Afro-Brazilian religion"] = {
breadcrumb = "Afro-Brazilian",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Candomblé"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Afro-Brazilian religion"},
}

labels["Quimbanda"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Afro-Brazilian religion"},
}

labels["Umbanda"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Afro-Brazilian religion"},
}
--

-- Christianity
labels["Christianity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Abrahamism"},
}

labels["Church of the East"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Eastern Christianity"},
}

labels["Catholicism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Christianity"},
}

labels["Eastern Christianity"] = {
breadcrumb = "Eastern",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Christianity"},
}

labels["crosses"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:cross|cross]]es",
parents = {"Christianity"},
}

labels["Eastern Catholicism"] = {
breadcrumb = "Eastern",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Catholicism", "Eastern Christianity"},
}

labels["Roman Catholicism"] = {
breadcrumb = "Roman",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Catholicism"},
}

labels["Canon law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Roman Catholicism", "Law"},
}

labels["Protestantism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Christianity"},
}

labels["Anglicanism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Protestantism"},
}

labels["Calvinism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Protestantism"},
}

labels["evangelicalism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Protestantism"},
}

labels["Lutheranism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Protestantism"},
}

labels["Methodism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Protestantism"},
}

labels["Quakerism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Protestantism"},
}

labels["Orthodox Christianity"] = {
breadcrumb = "Orthodoxy",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Eastern Christianity"},
}

labels["Coptic Orthodoxy"] = {
breadcrumb = "Coptic",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Oriental Orthodoxy", "Egypt"},
}

labels["Eastern Orthodoxy"] = {
breadcrumb = "Eastern",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Orthodox Christianity"},
}

labels["Greek Orthodoxy"] = {
breadcrumb = "Greek",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Eastern Orthodoxy", "Greece"},
}

labels["Oriental Orthodoxy"] = {
breadcrumb = "Oriental",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Orthodox Christianity"},
}

labels["Russian Orthodoxy"] = {
breadcrumb = "Russian",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Eastern Orthodoxy", "Russia"},
}

labels["Syriac Orthodoxy"] = {
breadcrumb = "Syriac",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Oriental Orthodoxy", "Egypt"},
}

labels["Mormonism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Christianity"},
}
--

-- Hinduism
labels["Hinduism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "India"},
}

labels["Vaishnavism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Hinduism"},
}

labels["Vedic religion"] = {
breadcrumb = "Vedic",
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|historical Vedic religion}}",
parents = {"Hinduism"},
}

labels["Shaivism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Hinduism"},
}

labels["Mahabharata"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]], a Hindu epic",
parents = {"Hinduism"},
}

labels["Ramayana"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Hinduism"},
}

--

-- Islam
labels["Islam"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Islam|Islam]]ic religion or culture, or to [[wikt:Muslim|Muslim]]s",
parents = {"Abrahamism"},
}

labels["Ahmadiyya"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Islam"},
}

labels["Shi'ism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Islam"},
}

labels["Sufism"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 9603,
description = "default",
parents = {"Islam", "mysticism"},
}

labels["Sunnism"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 483654,
description = "default",
parents = {"Islam"},
}

labels["Islamic prophets"] = {
breadcrumb = "Prophets",
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"Islam"},
}

labels["Qur'an"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Islam"},
}

--

-- Judaism
labels["Judaism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Abrahamism"},
}

labels["Jewish law"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Judaism", "law"},
}

labels["Orthodox Judaism"] = {
breadcrumb = "Orthodox",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Judaism"},
}
--

-- Paganism
labels["paganism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Đạo Mẫu"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paganism"},
}

labels["Germanic paganism"] = {
breadcrumb = "Germanic",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paganism", "Germanic mythology"},
}

labels["Shamanism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paganism"},
}

labels["Slavic paganism"] = {
breadcrumb = "Slavic",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paganism", "Slavic mythology"},
}

labels["Wicca"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paganism"},
}
--

labels["atheism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "philosophy"},
}

labels["creationism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Christianity", "Judaism", "Islam", "pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"},
}

labels["Gnosticism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Christianity", "Judaism", "mysticism"},
}

labels["Abrahamism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["voodoo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=Louisiana Voodoo, Haitian Vodoun, or other forms of [[wikt:voodoo|voodoo]] spirituality and belief",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Manichaeism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Mithraism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "Ancient Rome"},
}

labels["monasticism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["mysticism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Odinani"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "[[wikt:Odinani|Odinani]], the [[wikt:Igbo|Igbo]] religion",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["otherkin"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:otherkin|otherkin]] subculture",
parents = {"mysticism"},
}

labels["Yazidism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Yoruba religion"] = {
breadcrumb = "Yoruba",
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|Yoruba religion}}",
parents = {"religion"},
wp = true,
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["Zoroastrianism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "Ancient Near East"},
}

labels["Discordianism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Valentinianism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Gnosticism"},
}

labels["Tengrism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Taoism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "China"},
}

labels["Scientology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["spiritualism"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 829348,
description = "default",
parents = {"occult", "religion"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["Shinto"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "Japan"},
}

labels["Sikhism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Baháʼí Faith"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|Baháʼí Faith}}",
parents = {"religion", "Abrahamism"},
}

labels["Rastafari"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "Abrahamism"},
}

labels["Raëlism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion", "Abrahamism"},
}

labels["Aum Shinrikyo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Igala religion"] = {
breadcrumb = "Igala",
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|Igala Kingdom|Igala religion}}",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["Jainism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

-- Philippines

labels["Anitism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|Indigenous Philippine folk religions}}",
parents = {"religion", "Philippines"},
}

labels["Igorot beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Igorot",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Anitism"},
}

labels["Balangao beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Balangao",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Bontoc beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Bontoc",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Ibaloi beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Ibaloi",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Ifugao beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Ifugao",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Isnag beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Isnag",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Itneg beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Itneg",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Kalanguya beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Kalanguya",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Kalinga beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Kalinga",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

labels["Kankanaey beliefs"] = {
breadcrumb = "Kankanaey",
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Igorot beliefs"},
}

-- Books
labels["Bhagavata Purana"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Hinduism"},
}

labels["Bible"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
-- place under 'religion' first because it is a scripture of two religions
parents = {"religion", "Christianity", "Judaism"},
}

labels["books of the Bible"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=books of the [[wikt:Bible|Bible]]",
parents = {"Bible"},
}

labels["biblical characters"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=characters in the [[wikt:Bible|Bible]]",
parents = {"Bible"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Plants

2026-05-22T21:29:03Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["plants"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = "Plantae",
}

labels["acacias"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants of the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Acacia|Acacia]]'' in its former sense, including what are now related genera such as ''[[wikt:Acaciella|Acaciella]]'', ''[[wikt:Senegalia|Senegalia]]'' and ''[[wikt:Vachellia|Vachellia]]'' – the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Acacieae|Acacieae]] in some classifications",
parents = {"mimosa subfamily plants"},
}

labels["acanthus family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:acanthus|acanthus]]es, [[wikt:aphelandra|aphelandra]]s, [[wikt:clock vine|clock vine]], [[wikt:Malabar nut|Malabar nut]], [[wikt:water willow|water willow]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Acanthaceae|Acanthaceae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants"},
}

labels["agavoideae subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agave|agave]]s, [[wikt:camas|camas]]es, [[wikt:soap plant|soap plant]]s, [[wikt:tuberose|tuberose]]s, [[rush lily|rush lilies]], [[wikt:yucca|yucca]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Agavoideae|Agavoideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asparagaceae|Asparagaceae]]",
parents = {"asparagus family plants", "succulents"},
}

labels["Aizoaceae family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Aizoaceae|Aizoaceae]], most of which are [[wikt:succulent|succulent]]s",
parents = {"Caryophyllales order plants", "succulents"},
}

labels["ajugoideae subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bluecurls|bluecurls]], [[wikt:bugle|bugle]], [[wikt:cat thyme|cat thyme]], [[wikt:germander|germander]], [[wikt:pagoda flower|pagoda flower]], [[wikt:wood sage|wood sage]], and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Ajugoideae|Ajugoideae]] of the mint family, [[wikt:Lamiaceae|Lamiaceae]]",
parents = {"mint family plants"},
}

labels["Alismatales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anacharis|anacharis]], [[wikt:arrowgrass|arrowgrass]]es, [[wikt:arrowhead|arrowhead]]s, [[wikt:arum|arum]]s, [[wikt:burhead|burhead]]s, [[wikt:eelgrass|eelgrass]]es, [[wikt:flowering rush|flowering rush]], [[wikt:frogbit|frogbit]], [[wikt:hydrilla|hydrilla]], [[wikt:Neptune grass|Neptune grass]], [[wikt:philodendron|philodendron]], [[wikt:pondweed|pondweed]]s, [[wikt:seagrass|seagrass]]es, [[wikt:taro|taro]], [[wikt:velvetleaf|velvetleaf]]s, [[wikt:water nymph|water nymph]]s, [[wikt:water plantain|water plantain]]s, [[wikt:waterpoppy|waterpoppy]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Alismatales|Alismatales]]",
parents = {"water plants"},
}

labels["alliums"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chive|chive]]s, [[wikt:garlic|garlic]], [[wikt:leek|leek]]s, [[wikt:onion|onion]]s, [[wikt:scallion|scallion]]s, [[wikt:shallot|shallot]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Allium|Allium]]''",
parents = {"amaryllis family plants", "root vegetables", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["amaranth subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:achyranthe|achyranthe]], [[wikt:amaranth|amaranth]], [[wikt:celosia|celosia]], [[wikt:goldenrod tree|goldenrod tree]], [[wikt:love-lies-bleeding|love-lies-bleeding]], [[wikt:marog|marog]], [[wikt:prince's plume|prince's plume]], [[wikt:tampala|tampala]], [[wikt:waterhemp|waterhemp]], and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Amaranthoideae|Amaranthoideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Amaranthaceae|Amaranthaceae]]",
parents = {"amaranths and goosefoots"},
}

labels["amaranths and goosefoots"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amaranth|amaranth]]s, [[wikt:beet|beet]]s, [[wikt:blite|blite]]s, [[wikt:glasswort|glasswort]]s, [[wikt:lamb's quarters|lamb's quarters]], [[wikt:saltbush|saltbush]]es, [[wikt:spinach|spinach]] and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Amaranthaceae|Amaranthaceae]], including the former family [[wikt:Chenopodiaceae|Chenopodiaceae]]",
parents = {"Caryophyllales order plants"},
}

labels["amaryllis family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amaryllis|amaryllis]]es, [[wikt:daffodil|daffodil]]s, [[wikt:garlic|garlic]], [[wikt:lily of the Nile|lily of the Nile]], [[rain lily|rain lilies]], [[wikt:snowdrops|snowdrops]], [[spider lily|spider lilies]] and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Amaryllidaceae|Amaryllidaceae]], including the former family [[wikt:Alliaceae|Alliaceae]]",
parents = {"Asparagales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["Anemoneae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anemone|anemone]]s or [[wikt:windflower|windflower]]s, [[wikt:clematis|clematis]]es ([[wikt:old man's beard|old man's beard]], [[wikt:traveller's joy|traveller's joy]], [[wikt:virgin's bower|virgin's bower]], etc.), [[wikt:hepatica|hepatica]]s or [[wikt:liverwort|liverwort]]s, [[wikt:pasque flower|pasque flower]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Anemoneae|Anemoneae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Ranunculaceae|Ranunculaceae]]",
parents = {"buttercup family plants"},
}

labels["Anthemideae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:camomile|camomile]]s, [[wikt:chrysanthemum|chrysanthemum]]s, [[wikt:dogfennel|dogfennel]], [[wikt:feverfew|feverfew]], [[wikt:lavender cotton|lavender cotton]], [[wikt:oxeye daisy|oxeye daisy]], [[wikt:marguerite|marguerite]]s, [[wikt:pellitory of Spain|pellitory of Spain]], [[wikt:pineapple weed|pineapple weed]], [[wikt:pyrethrum|pyrethrum]], [[wikt:sagebrush|sagebrush]]es, [[wikt:sneezeweed|sneezeweed]], [[wikt:sweet maudlin|sweet maudlin]], [[wikt:tansy|tansy]], [[wikt:wormwood|wormwood]]s, [[wikt:yarrow|yarrow]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Anthemideae|Anthemideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["Andropogoneae tribe grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bluestem|bluestem]], [[wikt:broomsedge|broomsedge]], [[wikt:centipede grass|centipede grass]], [[wikt:cogon|cogon]], [[wikt:gama grass|gama grass]], [[wikt:Job's tears|Job's tears]], [[wikt:Johnson grass|Johnson grass]], [[wikt:lemongrass|lemongrass]], [[wikt:maize|maize]], [[wikt:plume grass|plume grass]], [[wikt:rosha grass|rosha grass]], [[wikt:sorghum|sorghum]], [[wikt:sudangrass|sudangrass]], [[wikt:sugar cane|sugar cane]], [[wikt:susuki grass|susuki grass]], [[wikt:vetiver|vetiver]], and other grasses in the tribe [[wikt:Andropogoneae|Andropogoneae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["Apiales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anise|anise]], [[wikt:apple-berry|apple-berry]], [[wikt:aralia|aralia]]s, [[wikt:carrot|carrot]]s, [[wikt:celery|celery]], [[wikt:cumin|cumin]], [[wikt:ginseng|ginseng]], [[wikt:hemlock|hemlock]], [[wikt:ivy|ivy]], [[wikt:parsley|parsley]], [[wikt:pennywort|pennywort]]s, [[wikt:pittosporum|pittosporum]]s, [[wikt:samphire|samphire]], [[wikt:sea holly|sea holly]], [[wikt:sweet bursaria|sweet bursaria]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Apiales|Apiales]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["Apieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bishop's-weed|bishop's-weed]], [[wikt:celery|celery]], [[wikt:dill|dill]], [[wikt:fennel|fennel]], [[wikt:parsley|parsley]] and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Apieae|Apieae]] of the celery [[wikt:family|family]], [[wikt:Apiaceae|Apiaceae]]",
parents = {"celery family plants"},
}

labels["aralia family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aralia|aralia]]s, [[wikt:ginseng|ginseng]], [[wikt:eleuthero|eleuthero]], [[wikt:ivy|ivy]], [[wikt:umbrella tree|umbrella tree]], [[wikt:parasol tree|parasol tree]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Araliaceae|Araliaceae]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["araucarians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=primitive [[wikt:conifer|conifer]]s in the [[genus|genera]] ''[[wikt:Agathis|Agathis]]'', ''[[wikt:Araucaria|Araucaria]]'' and ''[[wikt:Wollemia|Wollemia]]'' in the family [[wikt:Araucariaceae|Araucariaceae]]",
parents = {"conifers"},
}

labels["artemisias"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mugwort|mugwort]]s, [[wikt:sagebrush|sagebrush]]es, [[wikt:southernwood|southernwood]], [[wikt:tarragon|tarragon]], [[wikt:wormwood|wormwood]], and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Artemisia|Artemisia]]''",
parents = {"Anthemideae tribe plants", "herbs"},
}

labels["arum family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:arum|arum]]s, [[wikt:duckweed|duckweed]]s, [[wikt:Jack-in-the-pulpit|Jack-in-the-pulpit]], [[wikt:philodendron|philodendron]]s, [[wikt:skunk cabbage|skunk cabbage]], [[wikt:taro|taro]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Araceae|Araceae]]",
parents = {"Alismatales order plants"},
}

labels["Asparagales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agave|agave]]s. [[wikt:allium|allium]]s, [[wikt:aloe|aloe]]s, [[wikt:amaryllis|amaryllis]]es, [[wikt:asparagus|asparagus]], [[wikt:crocus|crocus]]es, [[day lily|day lilies]], [[wikt:iris|iris]]es, [[wikt:orchid|orchid]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Asparagales|Asparagales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["asparagus family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agave|agave]]s, [[wikt:asparagus|asparagus]], [[wikt:bluebell|bluebell]]s, [[wikt:butcher's broom|butcher's broom]], [[wikt:dracaena|dracaena]]s, [[wikt:hosta|hosta]]s, [[wikt:hyacinth|hyacinth]]s, [[wikt:lily of the valley|lily of the valley]], [[wikt:Solomon's seal|Solomon's seal]]s, [[wikt:ti|ti]], [[wikt:tuberose|tuberose]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asparagaceae|Asparagaceae]], including those formerly in families such as the [[wikt:Agavaceae|Agavaceae]], [[wikt:Hyacinthaceae|Hyacinthaceae]] and [[wikt:Ruscaceae|Ruscaceae]]",
parents = {"Asparagales order plants", "succulents", "flowers"},
}

labels["Asterales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:artichoke|artichoke]]s, [[wikt:aster|aster]]s, [[wikt:buckbean|buckbean]]s, [[wikt:chamomile|chamomile]], [[wikt:bellflower|bellflower]]s, [[daisy|daisies]], [[wikt:dandelion|dandelion]]s, [[wikt:lobelia|lobelia]]s, [[wikt:sunflower|sunflower]]s, [[wikt:thistle|thistle]]s, [[wikt:wormwood|wormwood]]s and many other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Asterales|Asterales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Astereae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aster|aster]]s, [[daisy|daisies]], [[wikt:fleabane|fleabane]]s, [[wikt:goldenrod|goldenrod]]s, [[wikt:grindelia|grindelia]]s, [[wikt:horseweed|horseweed]]s, [[wikt:Michaelmas daisy|Michaelmas daisy]], [[wikt:muskwood|muskwood]], [[wikt:rabbitbrush|rabbitbrush]]es, [[wikt:sharewort|sharewort]], [[wikt:stabwort|stabwort]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Astereae|Astereae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["bamboos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=grasses in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Bambusoideae|Bambusoideae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["barberry family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[barberry|barberrie]]s, [[wikt:blue cohosh|blue cohosh]], [[wikt:mayapple|mayapple]], [[wikt:Oregon grape|Oregon grape]]s, [[wikt:twinleaf|twinleaf]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Berberidaceae|Berberidaceae]]",
parents = {"Ranunculales order plants", "shrubs"},
}

labels["beech family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beech|beech]]es, [[wikt:chestnut|chestnut]]s, [[wikt:oak|oak]]s, and other plants in the family [[wikt:Fagaceae|Fagaceae]]",
parents = {"Fagales order plants"},
}

labels["bignonia family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bignonia|bignonia]]s, [[wikt:Cape honeysuckle|Cape honeysuckle]], [[wikt:catalpa|catalpa]]s, [[wikt:jacaranda|jacaranda]]s, [[wikt:sausage tree|sausage tree]], [[wikt:trumpet vine|trumpet vine]] and other plants in the family [[wikt:Bignoniaceae|Bignoniaceae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants", "shrubs", "flowers"},
}

labels["birch family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:birch|birch]]es, [[wikt:alder|alder]]s, [[wikt:hazel|hazel]]s, [[wikt:hornbeam|hornbeam]]s and other plants in the family [[wikt:Betulaceae|Betulaceae]]",
parents = {"Fagales order plants"},
}

labels["blueberry tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[bilberry|bilberries]], [[blueberry|blueberries]], [[buckberry|buckberries]], [[cranberry|cranberries]], [[huckleberry|huckleberries]], [[lingonberry|lingonberries]], [[wikt:ohelo|ohelo]], [[whortleberry|whortleberries]] and other plants in the [[wikt:heather|heather]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Vaccinieae|Vaccinieae]]",
parents = {"heather family plants", "fruits"},
}

labels["borage family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alkanet|alkanet]], [[wikt:borage|borage]], [[wikt:comfrey|comfrey]], [[wikt:fiddleneck|fiddleneck]]s, [[wikt:forget-me-not|forget-me-not]]s, [[wikt:heliotrope|heliotrope]]s, [[wikt:honeywort|honeywort]]s, [[wikt:hound's tongue|hound's tongue]], [[wikt:lungwort|lungwort]], [[wikt:scorpionweed|scorpionweed]], [[wikt:sebesten|sebesten]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Boraginaceae|Boraginaceae]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["brambles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[blackberry|blackberries]], [[cloudberry|cloudberries]], [[dewberry|dewberries]], [[raspberry|raspberries]], [[thimbleberry|thimbleberries]], and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Rubus|Rubus]]''",
parents = {"rose family plants", "berries"},
}

labels["Brassicales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beachwort|beachwort]], [[wikt:bladderpod|bladderpod]], [[wikt:cabbage|cabbage]]s, [[wikt:caper|caper]]s, [[wikt:cress|cress]]es, [[wikt:meadowfoam|meadowfoam]]s, [[wikt:mustard|mustard]]s, [[wikt:nasturtium|nasturtium]]s, [[wikt:papaya|papaya]]s, [[wikt:radish|radish]]es, [[wikt:wallflower|wallflower]]s, [[wikt:weld|weld]] and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Brassicales|Brassicales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["brassicas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cabbage|cabbage]]s, [[wikt:mustard|mustard]]s, and other plants in the genus ''[[wikt:Brassica|Brassica]]''",
parents = {"crucifers"},
}

labels["bromeliads"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:pineapple|pineapple]]s, and other plants in the family [[wikt:Bromeliaceae|Bromeliaceae]]",
parents = {"commelinids"},
}

labels["broomrape family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:broomrape|broomrape]]s or [[wikt:broom rape|broom rape]]s, [[wikt:beechdrops|beechdrops]], [[wikt:cow-wheat|cow-wheat]], [[wikt:eyebright|eyebright]]s, [[wikt:Indian paintbrush|Indian paintbrush]]es, [[wikt:lousewort|lousewort]]s, [[wikt:rattle|rattle]]s, [[wikt:witchweed|witchweed]]s, and other plants in the family [[wikt:Orobanchaceae|Orobanchaceae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants"},
}

labels["buckthorn family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:buckthorn|buckthorn]], [[wikt:ceanothus|ceanothus]]es, [[wikt:chewstick|chewstick]], [[wikt:jujube|jujube]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Rhamnaceae|Rhamnaceae]]",
parents = {"Rosales order plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["buckwheat family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:buckwheat|buckwheat]], [[wikt:coral vine|coral vine]], [[wikt:dock|dock]], [[wikt:knotweed|knotweed]], [[wikt:rhubarb|rhubarb]], [[wikt:sea grape|sea grape]], [[wikt:smartweed|smartweed]], [[wikt:sorrel|sorrel]] and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Polygonaceae|Polygonaceae]]",
parents = {"Caryophyllales order plants"},
}

labels["buttercup family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Ranunculaceae|Ranunculaceae]]",
parents = {"Ranunculales order plants"},
}

labels["Buxales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Buxales|Buxales]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["cacti"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"Caryophyllales order plants", "succulents"},
}

labels["caesalpinia subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:brazilwood|brazilwood]], [[wikt:carob|carob]], [[wikt:honey locust|honey locust]]s, [[wikt:Kentucky coffeetree|Kentucky coffeetree]], [[wikt:logwood|logwood]], [[wikt:paloverde|paloverde]]s, [[wikt:poinciana|poinciana]]s, [[wikt:redbud|redbud]]s, [[wikt:senna|senna]]s, [[wikt:tamarind|tamarind]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Caesalpinioideae|Caesalpinioideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["caltrop family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bean-caper|bean-caper]], [[wikt:caltrop|caltrop]], [[wikt:creosote bush|creosote bush]], [[wikt:lignum vitae|lignum vitae]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Zygophyllaceae|Zygophyllaceae]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["Cardamineae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bittercress|bittercress]], [[wikt:dame's rocket|dame's rocket]], [[wikt:horseradish|horseradish]], [[wikt:lady's smock|lady's smock]], [[wikt:toothwort|toothwort]], [[wikt:watercress|watercress]], [[wikt:wintercress|wintercress]], and other plants in the [[wikt:brassicaceous|brassicaceous]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Cardamineae|Cardamineae]]",
parents = {"crucifers"},
}

labels["carnation family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:baby's breath|baby's breath]], [[wikt:campion|campion]]s, [[wikt:carnation|carnation]]s, [[wikt:chickweed|chickweed]], [[wikt:knawel|knawel]]s, [[wikt:sandwort|sandwort]]s, [[wikt:pink|pink]]s, [[wikt:rupturewort|rupturewort]]s, [[wikt:soapwort|soapwort]] and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Caryophyllaceae|Caryophyllaceae]]",
parents = {"Caryophyllales order plants"},
}

labels["carnivorous plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bladderwort|bladderwort]]s, [[wikt:butterwort|butterwort]]s, [[wikt:pitcher plant|pitcher plant]]s, [[wikt:sundew|sundew]]s, [[wikt:Venus flytrap|Venus flytrap]]s, and other plants that trap and obtain nutrients from animals",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Caryophyllales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amaranth|amaranth]]s, [[wikt:buckwheat|buckwheat]], [[wikt:cacti|cacti]], [[wikt:carnation|carnation]]s, [[wikt:dock|dock]], [[wikt:four-o'clock|four-o'clock]]s, [[wikt:glasswort|glasswort]], [[wikt:goosefoot|goosefoot]]s, [[wikt:greasewood|greasewood]], [[wikt:ice plant|ice plant]]s, [[wikt:jojoba|jojoba]], [[wikt:knotweed|knotweed]]s, [[wikt:Malabar spinach|Malabar spinach]], [[wikt:miner's lettuce|miner's lettuce]], [[wikt:plumbago|plumbago]]s, [[wikt:pokeweed|pokeweed]], [[wikt:ragged robin|ragged robin]], [[wikt:rhubarb|rhubarb]], [[wikt:statice|statice]], [[wikt:purslane|purslane]], [[wikt:saltbush|saltbush]]es, [[wikt:spinach|spinach]], [[wikt:thrift|thrift]], [[wikt:tamarisk|tamarisk]], [[wikt:Venus flytrap|Venus flytrap]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Caryophyllales|Caryophyllales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["celery family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ajwain|ajwain]], [[wikt:anise|anise]], [[wikt:arracacha|arracacha]], [[wikt:asafoetida|asafoetida]], [[wikt:carrot|carrot]]s, [[wikt:celery|celery]], [[wikt:chuchupate|chuchupate]], [[wikt:coriander|coriander]], [[wikt:cumin|cumin]], [[wikt:dill|dill]], [[wikt:galbanum|galbanum]], [[wikt:hemlock|hemlock]], [[wikt:hogweed|hogweed]], [[wikt:lovage|lovage]], [[wikt:masterwort|masterwort]], [[wikt:parsley|parsley]], [[wikt:parsnip|parsnip]]s, [[wikt:samphire|samphire]], [[wikt:sanicle|sanicle]]s, [[wikt:sea holly|sea holly]], [[wikt:yampah|yampah]] and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Apiaceae|Apiaceae]], also known as the [[wikt:Umbelliferae|Umbelliferae]]",
parents = {"Apiales order plants"},
}

labels["Chickpeas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chickpea|chickpea]]s",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Cichorieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[chicory|chicories]], [[wikt:dandelion|dandelion]]s, [[wikt:endive|endive]], [[wikt:hawkweed|hawkweed]]s, [[wikt:lettuce|lettuce]]s, [[wikt:murnong|murnong]], [[wikt:nipplewort|nipplewort]], [[wikt:oxtongue|oxtongue]], [[wikt:salsify|salsify]], [[wikt:sow thistle|sow thistle]]s, [[wikt:succory|succory]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Cichorieae|Cichorieae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["citrus subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:citrus|citrus]] and other plants in the subfamily [[wikt:Aurantioideae|Aurantioideae]] of the rue family, [[wikt:Rutaceae|Rutaceae]]",
parents = {"rue family plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["club mosses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Lycopodiaceae|Lycopodiaceae]]",
parents = {"spore plants"},
}

labels["Clusiaceae family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Clusiaceae|Clusiaceae]]",
parents = {"Malpighiales order plants"},
}

labels["combretum family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:arjuna|arjuna]], [[wikt:bushwillow|bushwillow]]s, [[wikt:leadwood|leadwood]], [[wikt:myrobalan|myrobalan]]s, [[wikt:Rangoon creeper|Rangoon creeper]], [[wikt:tropical almond|tropical almond]], [[wikt:white mangrove|white mangrove]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Combretaceae|Combretaceae]]",
parents = {"Myrtales order plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["commelinids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:arrowroot|arrowroot]]s, [[wikt:bamboo|bamboo]]s, [[wikt:banana|banana]]s, [[bird of paradise|birds of paradise]], [[wikt:bloodwort|bloodwort]]s, [[wikt:bromeliad|bromeliad]]s, [[wikt:canna|canna]]s, [[wikt:cattail|cattail]]s, [[wikt:ginger|ginger]]s, [[wikt:grass|grass]]es, [[wikt:kangaroo paw|kangaroo paw]], [[wikt:palm|palm]]s, [[wikt:reed|reed]]s, [[wikt:rush|rush]]es, [[wikt:sedge|sedge]]s, [[wikt:spiderwort|spiderwort]]s, [[wikt:tule|tule]]s, [[wikt:water hyacinth|water hyacinth]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:commelinid|commelinid]] [[wikt:clade|clade]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["composites"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:artichoke|artichoke]]s, [[wikt:aster|aster]]s, [[wikt:chamomile|chamomile]], [[wikt:chrysanthemum|chrysanthemum]]s, [[daisy|daisies]], [[wikt:dandelion|dandelion]]s, [[wikt:marigold|marigold]]s, [[wikt:sunflower|sunflower]]s, [[wikt:thistle|thistle]]s, [[wikt:wormwood|wormwood]]s and many other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]], also known as the [[wikt:Compositae|Compositae]]",
parents = {"Asterales order plants"},
}

labels["conifers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"gymnosperms", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["Coreopsideae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beggar's ticks|beggar's ticks]] or [[wikt:bur marigold|bur marigold]]s, [[wikt:calliopsis|calliopsis]], [[wikt:coreopsis|coreopsis]], [[wikt:cosmos|cosmos]], [[wikt:cota|cota]], [[wikt:dahlia|dahlia]]s, [[wikt:tickseed|tickseed]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Coreopsideae|Coreopsideae]] of the daisy family, [[wikt:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["Cornales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:assegai|assegai]], [[wikt:blazing star|blazing star]], [[wikt:bunchberry|bunchberry]], [[wikt:cornel|cornel]], [[wikt:dogwood|dogwood]]s, [[wikt:hydrangea|hydrangea]]s, [[wikt:tupelo|tupelo]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Cornales|Cornales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["crucifers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alyssum|alyssum]], [[wikt:cabbage|cabbage]]s, [[wikt:cress|cress]]es, [[wikt:mustard|mustard]]s, [[wikt:radish|radish]]es, [[wikt:rocket|rocket]]s, [[wikt:stock|stock]]s, [[wikt:turnip|turnip]]s, [[wikt:wallflower|wallflower]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Brassicaceae|Brassicaceae]] (formerly known as the [[wikt:Cruciferae|Cruciferae]])",
parents = {"Brassicales order plants"},
}

labels["Cucurbitales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Cucurbitales|Cucurbitales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Cucurbitas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:marrow|marrow]]s, [[wikt:pumpkin|pumpkin]]s, [[wikt:squash|squash]]es and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Cucurbita|Cucurbita]]''",
parents = {"gourd family plants"},
}

labels["custard apple family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=trees and shrubs in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Annonaceae|Annonaceae]]",
parents = {"Magnoliids", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["cycads"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=primitive palm-tree-like [[wikt:gymnosperm|gymnosperm]]s in the [[wikt:division|division]] [[wikt:Cycadophyta|Cycadophyta]]",
parents = {"gymnosperms"},
}

labels["cypress family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alerce|alerce]]s, [[wikt:arborvitae|arborvitae]]s, [[wikt:bald cypress|bald cypress]]es, [[wikt:cryptomeria|cryptomeria]]s, [[wikt:cunninghamia|cunninghamia]]s, [[wikt:cypress|cypress]]es, [[wikt:incense cedar|incense cedar]]s, [[wikt:juniper|juniper]]s, [[wikt:redwood|redwood]]s, [[wikt:sandarac|sandarac]]s, and other trees and shrubs in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cupressaceae|Cupressaceae]]",
parents = {"conifers"},
}

labels["Cynodonteae tribe grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Bermuda grass|Bermuda grass]], [[wikt:deergrass|deergrass]], [[wikt:goosegrass|goosegrass]], [[wikt:finger millet|finger millet]], [[wikt:grama|grama]], [[wikt:muhly|muhly]], [[wikt:saltgrass|saltgrass]], [[wikt:scratchgrass|scratchgrass]], and other grasses in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Cynodonteae|Cynodonteae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["Dalbergieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ambatch|ambatch]], [[wikt:cocuswood|cocuswood]], [[wikt:deervetch|deervetch]], [[wikt:padauk|padauk]], [[wikt:pallisander|pallisander]], [[wikt:peanut|peanut]]s, [[wikt:pencil flower|pencil flower]]s, [[wikt:red sanders|red sanders]], [[wikt:rosewood|rosewood]]s, [[wikt:shola|shola]], [[wikt:sissoo|sissoo]], [[wikt:Tahitian chestnut|Tahitian chestnut]], [[wikt:tipu|tipu]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Dalbergieae|Dalbergieae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Daturas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Datura|Datura]]''",
parents = {"nightshades", "recreational drugs"},
}

labels["Detarioideae subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Detarioideae|Detarioideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Dioscoreales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:black bryony|black bryony]], [[wikt:bog asphodel|bog asphodel]]s, [[wikt:Polynesian arrowroot|Polynesian arrowroot]], [[wikt:unicorn root|unicorn root]], [[wikt:yam|yam]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Dioscoreales|Dioscoreales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["dillenia family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Dilleniaceae|Dilleniaceae]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["dogbane family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:carrion flower|carrion flower]]s, [[wikt:desert rose|desert rose]], [[wikt:dogbane|dogbane]]s, [[wikt:hoodia|hoodia]], [[wikt:hoya|hoya]]s, [[wikt:milkweed|milkweed]]s, [[wikt:Natal plum|Natal plum]], [[wikt:oleander|oleander]]s, [[wikt:periwinkle|periwinkle]]s, [[wikt:plumeria|plumeria]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Apocynaceae|Apocynaceae]] (including the former family [[wikt:Asclepiadaceae|Asclepiadaceae]])",
parents = {"Gentianales order plants"},
}

labels["ebony family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ebony|ebony]], [[wikt:black sapote|black sapote]] and [[wikt:persimmon|persimmon]]s in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Diospyros|Diospyros]]'', [[wikt:guarri|guarri]] in the genus ''[[wikt:Euclea|Euclea]]'', and other plants in the family [[wikt:Ebenaceae|Ebenaceae]]",
parents = {"Ericales order plants"},
}

labels["ephedras"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Ephedra|Ephedra]]'', the only members of the [[wikt:gymnosperm|gymnosperm]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Ephedraceae|Ephedraceae]]",
parents = {"gymnosperms"},
}

labels["Ericales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:arbutus|arbutus]], [[wikt:benjamin|benjamin]], [[blueberry|blueberries]], [[wikt:brazil nut|brazil nut]]s, [[wikt:boojum|boojum]], [[wikt:camellia|camellia]]s, [[wikt:cobra lily|cobra lily]], [[wikt:cyclamen|cyclamen]]s, [[wikt:ebony|ebony]], [[wikt:jewelweed|jewelweed]], [[wikt:kiwi fruit|kiwi fruit]], [[wikt:manzanita|manzanita]]s, [[wikt:ocotillo|ocotillo]], [[wikt:persimmon|persimmon]]s, [[wikt:phlox|phlox]]es, [[wikt:pipsissewa|pipsissewa]], [[wikt:pitcher plant|pitcher plant]]s, [[wikt:primrose|primrose]]s, [[wikt:rhododendron|rhododendron]]s, [[wikt:sapote|sapote]], [[wikt:shea|shea]] tree, [[wikt:snowbell|snowbell]]s, [[wikt:summersweet|summersweet]], [[wikt:tea|tea]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Ericales|Ericales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["eucalypts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:eucalypt|eucalypt]]s – woody plants with capsule-fruiting bodies belonging to seven closely related genera found across Australasia: ''Eucalyptus'', ''Corymbia'', ''Angophora'', ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyncarpia'', ''Eucalyptopsis'' and ''Arillastrum''",
parents = {"Myrtle family plants", "trees"},
}

labels["Eupatorieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ageratum|ageratum]]s, [[wikt:blazing star|blazing star]]s, [[wikt:boneset|boneset]]s, [[wikt:deer's tongue|deer's tongue]], [[wikt:hempvine|hempvine]], [[wikt:joe-pye weed|joe-pye weed]], [[wikt:stevia|stevia]], [[wikt:thoroughwort|thoroughwort]]s, [[wikt:trumpetweed|trumpetweed]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:composite|composite]] tribe Eupatorieae",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["evening primrose family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:clarkia|clarkia]]s, [[wikt:enchanter's nightshade|enchanter's nightshade]], [[wikt:evening primrose|evening primrose]]s, [[wikt:fuchsia|fuchsia]]s, [[wikt:suncup|suncup]]s, [[wikt:willowherb|willowherb]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Onagraceae|Onagraceae]] (not to be confused with the true [[wikt:primrose|primrose]]s in the family [[wikt:Primulaceae|Primulaceae]])",
parents = {"Myrtales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["Fabales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Fabales|Fabales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Fabeae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beach pea|beach pea]]s, [[wikt:fava bean|fava bean]]s, [[wikt:lentil|lentil]]s, [[wikt:pea|pea]]s, [[wikt:sweet pea|sweet pea]]s, [[wikt:vetch|vetch]]es, and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Fabeae|Fabeae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Fagales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alder|alder]]s, [[bayberry|bayberries]], [[wikt:beech|beech]]es, [[wikt:birch|birch]]es, [[wikt:butternut|butternut]]s, [[wikt:chestnut|chestnut]]s, [[wikt:hazel|hazel]]s, [[hickory|hickories]], [[wikt:hornbeam|hornbeam]]s, [[wikt:oak|oak]]s, [[wikt:pecan|pecan]]s, [[wikt:she-oak|she-oak]]s, [[wikt:sweet gale|sweet gale]], [[wikt:walnut|walnut]]s, [[wikt:wingnut|wingnut]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Fagales|Fagales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["ferns"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"spore plants"},
}

labels["fig trees"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mulberry family plants", "trees"},
}

labels["figwort family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:figwort|figwort]]s, [[wikt:butterfly bush|butterfly bush]]es, [[wikt:emu bush|emu bush]]es, [[wikt:mudwort|mudwort]]s, [[wikt:mullein|mullein]]s, [[wikt:myoporum|myoporum]]s, [[wikt:nemesia|nemesia]]s, and many other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Scrophulariaceae|Scrophulariaceae]], but not including many such as [[wikt:foxglove|foxglove]]s and [[wikt:snapdragon|snapdragon]]s that are now in the [[wikt:Plantaginaceae|Plantaginaceae]] as well as [[wikt:Indian paintbrush|Indian paintbrush]]es and [[wikt:lousewort|lousewort]]s/[[wood betony|wood betonies]], now in the [[wikt:Orobanchaceae|Orobanchaceae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants"},
}

labels["flowers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["four o'clock family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bougainvillea|bougainvillea]]s, [[wikt:cabbagewood|cabbagewood]], [[wikt:four o'clock|four o'clock]]s, [[wikt:mauka|mauka]], [[wikt:pisonia|pisonia]]s, [[wikt:punarnava|punarnava]], [[wikt:sand verbena|sand verbena]]s, [[wikt:spiderling|spiderling]]s, [[wikt:tarvine|tarvine]]s, [[wikt:wishbone bush|wishbone bush]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Nyctaginaceae|Nyctaginaceae]]",
parents = {"Caryophyllales order plants"},
}

labels["Galegeae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:goat's rue|goat's rue]], [[wikt:bladder senna|bladder senna]], [[wikt:glory pea|glory pea]], [[wikt:kakabeak|kakabeak]], [[wikt:licorice|licorice]], [[wikt:locoweed|locoweed]] or [[wikt:milkvetch|milkvetch]], [[wikt:tragacanth|tragacanth]] and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Galegeae|Galegeae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Garcinieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:saptree|saptree]]s, [[wikt:mangosteen|mangosteen]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Garcinieae|Garcinieae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Clusiaceae|Clusiaceae]]",
parents = {"Clusiaceae family plants"},
}

labels["Genisteae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:broom|broom]]s, [[wikt:furze|furze]]/[[wikt:gorse|gorse]], [[wikt:laburnum|laburnum]], [[wikt:lupine|lupine]]s, [[wikt:tagasaste|tagasaste]], [[wikt:whin|whin]], [[wikt:woad-waxen|woad-waxen]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Genisteae|Genisteae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["gentian family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:gentian|gentian]]s, [[wikt:bitterwort|bitterwort]], [[wikt:canchalagua|canchalagua]], [[centaury|centauries]], [[wikt:fieldwort|fieldwort]]s, [[wikt:yellowwort|yellowwort]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Gentianaceae|Gentianaceae]]",
parents = {"Gentianales order plants"},
}

labels["Gentianales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the order [[wikt:Gentianales|Gentianales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Geraniales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cranesbill|cranesbill]]s, [[wikt:filaree|filaree]]s, [[wikt:francoa|francoa]]s, [[wikt:geranium|geranium]]s, [[wikt:herb Robert|herb Robert]], [[wikt:honeybush|honeybush]], [[wikt:pelargonium|pelargonium]]s, [[wikt:storksbill|storksbill]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Geraniales|Geraniales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["ginger family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "= [[wikt:cardamom|cardamom]], [[wikt:galangal|galangal]], [[wikt:ginger|ginger]]s, [[wikt:grains of paradise|grains of paradise]], [[wikt:turmeric|turmeric]], [[wikt:zedoary|zedoary]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Zingiberaceae|Zingiberaceae]]",
parents = {"Zingiberales order plants", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["Gnaphalieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:billy buttons|billy buttons]], [[wikt:cudweed|cudweed]]s, [[wikt:everlasting|everlasting]]s, [[wikt:curry plant|curry plant]], [[wikt:pussytoes|pussytoes]], [[wikt:strawflower|strawflower]]s, [[wikt:vegetable sheep|vegetable sheep]] and other plants in the [[wikt:composite|composite]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Gnaphalieae|Gnaphalieae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["goosefoot subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:epazote|epazote]], [[wikt:hopsage|hopsage]], [[wikt:lamb's quarters|lamb's quarters]], [[wikt:orach|orach]], [[wikt:quinoa|quinoa]], [[wikt:saltbush|saltbush]], [[wikt:spinach|spinach]], [[wikt:winterfat|winterfat]] and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Chenopodioideae|Chenopodioideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Amaranthaceae|Amaranthaceae]]",
parents = {"amaranths and goosefoots"},
}

labels["gourd family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "= [[wikt:cucumber|cucumber]]s, [[wikt:gourd|gourd]]s, [[wikt:melon|melon]]s, [[wikt:squash|squash]]es, and other plants in the family [[wikt:Cucurbitaceae|Cucurbitaceae]]",
parents = {"Cucurbitales order plants"},
}

labels["grape family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:grapevine|grapevine]]s, [[wikt:Boston ivy|Boston ivy]], [[wikt:Virginia creeper|Virginia creeper]]. and other plants in the family [[wikt:Vitaceae|Vitaceae]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["grapevines"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"grape family plants", "wine"},
}

labels["grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:grass|grass]]es",
parents = {"commelinids"},
}

labels["groundcherries"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[groundcherry|groundcherries]], [[wikt:alkekengi|alkekengi]]s, [[Cape gooseberry|Cape gooseberries]], [[wikt:Chinese lantern|Chinese lantern]]s, [[goldenberry|goldenberries]], [[wikt:tomatillo|tomatillo]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Physalis|Physalis]]'' and related [[wikt:genera|genera]] in the [[wikt:nightshade|nightshade]] [[wikt:subtribe|subtribe]] [[wikt:Physalinae|Physalinae]], notable for bearing a [[wikt:tomato|tomato]]like fruit enclosed in a papery husk.",
parents = {"nightshades"},
}

labels["gymnosperms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=various unrelated groups of [[wikt:seed plant|seed plant]]s other than the [[wikt:flowering plant|flowering plant]]s",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["heather family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:heather|heather]]s, [[blueberry|blueberries]], [[wikt:rhododendron|rhododendron]]s, [[wikt:wintergreen|wintergreen]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Ericaceae|Ericaceae]]",
parents = {"Ericales order plants"},
}

labels["Heliantheae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:balsamroot|balsamroot]]s, [[wikt:brittlebush|brittlebush]], [[wikt:burrobrush|burrobrush]], [[wikt:cocklebur|cocklebur]]s, [[wikt:coneflower|coneflower]]s, [[wikt:echinacea|echinacea]], [[wikt:guayule|guayule]], [[wikt:Jerusalem artichoke|Jerusalem artichoke]]s, [[wikt:mule's ears|mule's ears]], [[ox-eye daisy|ox-eye daisies]], [[wikt:pilotweed|pilotweed]]s, [[wikt:ragweed|ragweed]]s, [[wikt:rosinweed|rosinweed]]s, [[wikt:sunflower|sunflower]]s, [[wikt:tithonia|tithonia]]s, [[wikt:zinnia|zinnia]]s and other [[wikt:plant|plant]]s in the [[wikt:composite|composite]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Heliantheae|Heliantheae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["hemp family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hemp|hemp]], [[wikt:hops|hops]], [[wikt:hackberries|hackberries]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Cannabaceae|Cannabaceae]]",
parents = {"Rosales order plants"},
}

labels["herbs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"plants", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["hollies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["honeysuckle family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:abelia|abelia]]s, [[wikt:cornsalad|cornsalad]], [[wikt:honeysuckle|honeysuckle]]s, [[wikt:scabious|scabious]], [[snowberry|snowberries]], [[wikt:spikenard|spikenard]], [[wikt:teasel|teasel]]s, [[wikt:twinflower|twinflower]]s, [[wikt:valerian|valerian]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Caprifoliaceae|Caprifoliaceae]], including those in the former families [[wikt:Dipsacaceae|Dipsacaceae]], [[wikt:Linnaeaceae|Linnaeaceae]], and [[wikt:Valerianaceae|Valerianaceae]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs"},
}

labels["Hordeeae tribe grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:barley|barley]], [[wikt:emmer|emmer]], [[wikt:foxtail barley|foxtail barley]], [[wikt:goatgrass|goatgrass]], [[wikt:lyme grass|lyme grass]], [[wikt:medusahead|medusahead]], [[wikt:quackgrass|quackgrass]], [[wikt:rye|rye]], [[wikt:spelt|spelt]], [[wikt:squirreltail|squirreltail]], [[wikt:wheat|wheat]], [[wikt:wheatgrass|wheatgrass]], [[wikt:wild rye|wild rye]], and other grasses in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Hordeeae|Hordeeae]], also known as the [[wikt:Triticeae|Triticeae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["horsetails"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:horsetail|horsetail]]s, [[wikt:calamite|calamite]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:taxon|taxon]] known as the [[wikt:subclass|subclass]] [[wikt:Equisetidae|Equisetidae]] or either the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Equisetopsida|Equisetopsida]] or the class [[wikt:Sphenopsida|Sphenopsida]], depending on the classification system used",
parents = {"spore plants"},
}

labels["incense tree family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:abilo|abilo]], [[wikt:Chinese olive|Chinese olive]], [[wikt:elephant tree|elephant tree]], [[wikt:frankincense|frankincense]], [[wikt:gumbo limbo|gumbo limbo]], [[wikt:myrrh|myrrh]], [[wikt:pili nut|pili nut]]s, and other plants in the family [[wikt:Burseraceae|Burseraceae]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["iris family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crocus|crocus]]es, [[wikt:freesia|freesia]]s, [[wikt:gladiolus|gladiolus]]es, [[wikt:iris|iris]]es, [[wikt:ixia|ixia]]s, [[wikt:sparaxis|sparaxis]], [[wikt:watsonia|watsonia]]s, and other plants in the family [[wikt:Iridaceae|Iridaceae]]",
parents = {"Asparagales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["Lamiales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:acanthus|acanthus]]es, [[wikt:African violet|African violet]]s, [[wikt:ash|ash]]es, [[wikt:betony|betony]], [[wikt:brooklime|brooklime]], [[wikt:butterfly bush|butterfly bush]], [[wikt:catalpa|catalpa]]s, [[wikt:chaste tree|chaste tree]], [[wikt:devil's claw|devil's claw]], [[wikt:eyebright|eyebright]], [[wikt:foxglove|foxglove]]s, [[wikt:hyssop|hyssop]]s, [[wikt:jasmine|jasmine]]s, [[wikt:lavender|lavender]]s, [[wikt:lilac|lilac]]s, [[wikt:lousewort|lousewort]]s, [[wikt:mare's tail|mare's tail]], [[wikt:mint|mint]]s, [[wikt:monkeyflower|monkeyflower]]s, [[wikt:mullein|mullein]], [[wikt:olive|olive]]s, [[wikt:oregano|oregano]]s, [[wikt:plantain|plantain]]s, [[wikt:privet|privet]]s, [[wikt:sage|sage]]s, [[wikt:sesame|sesame]], [[wikt:skullcap|skullcap]]s, [[wikt:snapdragon|snapdragon]]s, [[wikt:teak|teak]], [[wikt:thyme|thyme]]s, [[wikt:verbena|verbena]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Lamiales|Lamiales]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["Lamioideae subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bells of Ireland|bells of Ireland]], [[wikt:betony|betony]], [[wikt:crosne|crosne]], [[wikt:deadnettle|deadnettle]], [[wikt:hemp-nettle|hemp-nettle]], [[wikt:henbit|henbit]], [[wikt:horehound|horehound]], [[wikt:ironwort|ironwort]], [[wikt:Jerusalem sage|Jerusalem sage]], [[wikt:lamb's ears|lamb's ears]], [[wikt:lion's ear|lion's ear]], [[wikt:motherwort|motherwort]], [[wikt:mountain tea|mountain tea]], [[wikt:obedient plant|obedient plant]], [[wikt:patchouli|patchouli]], and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Lamioideae|Lamioideae]] of the mint family, [[wikt:Lamiaceae|Lamiaceae]]",
parents = {"mint family plants"},
}

labels["laurel family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Lauraceae|Lauraceae]]",
parents = {"Magnoliids", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["legumes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]], also known as the [[wikt:Leguminosae|Leguminosae]]",
parents = {"Fabales order plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["Liliales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beargrass|beargrass]], [[wikt:death camas|death camas]], [[wikt:false hellebore|false hellebore]], [[wikt:greenbrier|greenbrier]], [[wikt:herb Paris|herb Paris]], [[lily|lilies]], [[wikt:meadow saffron|meadow saffron]], [[wikt:supplejack|supplejack]], [[wikt:sarsparilla|sarsparilla]], [[wikt:trillium|trillium]]s, [[wikt:tulip|tulip]]s, [[wikt:turkey's beard|turkey's beard]], and other plants, in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Liliales|Liliales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["lily family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Liliaceae|Liliaceae]]",
parents = {"Liliales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["madder family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bedstraw|bedstraw]], [[wikt:cinchona|cinchona]], [[wikt:coffee|coffee]], [[wikt:gardenia|gardenia]]s, [[wikt:ipecacuanha|ipecacuanha]], [[wikt:madder|madder]], [[wikt:noni|noni]], [[wikt:woodruff|woodruff]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Rubiaceae|Rubiaceae]]",
parents = {"Gentianales order plants", "shrubs"},
}

-- FIXME, should be lowercase.
labels["Magnoliids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:allspice|allspice]], [[wikt:avocado|avocado]]s, [[wikt:black pepper|black pepper]], [[wikt:champac|champac]], [[wikt:cinnamon|cinnamon]], [[wikt:custard apple|custard apple]]s, [[wikt:kava|kava]], [[wikt:laurel|laurel]]s, [[wikt:magnolia|magnolia]]s, [[wikt:nutmeg|nutmeg]], [[wikt:pipevine|pipevine]]s, [[wikt:sassafras|sassafras]]es, [[wikt:sweetshrub|sweetshrub]]s, [[wikt:star anise|star anise]], [[wikt:tulip tree|tulip tree]], [[wikt:Winter's bark|Winter's bark]], [[wikt:yerba mansa|yerba mansa]], [[wikt:ylang-ylang|ylang-ylang]], and other plants in the [[wikt:Magnoliids|Magnoliids]] [[wikt:clade|clade]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["mahogany family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chinaberry|chinaberry]], [[wikt:langsat|langsat]], [[wikt:mahogany|mahogany]], [[wikt:neem|neem]], [[wikt:Spanish cedar|Spanish cedar]]s, [[wikt:toon|toon]], [[wikt:santol|santol]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Meliaceae|Meliaceae]]",
parents = {"trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["maize (plant)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:maize|maize]] (''[[wikt:Zea mays|Zea mays]]'') as a plant, and for its various types",
additional = "For maize as a crop, see [[:Category:Maize (crop)]] and for maize as a food, see [[:Category:Maize (food)]].",
parents = {"Andropogoneae tribe grasses", "grains"},
}

labels["mallow family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:balsa|balsa]], [[wikt:cacao|cacao]], [[wikt:cotton|cotton]], [[wikt:durian|durian]]s, [[wikt:jute|jute]], [[wikt:kola|kola]]s, [[wikt:kurrajong|kurrajong]]s, [[wikt:hibiscus|hibiscus]]es, [[wikt:linden|linden]]s, [[wikt:mallow|mallow]]s, [[wikt:peanut tree|peanut tree]]s, [[wikt:phalsa|phalsa]], [[wikt:silk-cotton tree|silk-cotton tree]]s, and other plants in the current [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Malvaceae|Malvaceae]], including a number of former families such as the [[wikt:Bombacaceae|Bombacaceae]], [[wikt:Sterculiaceae|Sterculiaceae]], and the [[wikt:Tiliaceae|Tiliaceae]]",
parents = {"Malvales order plants", "shrubs"},
}

labels["mallow subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:abelmosk|abelmosk]], [[wikt:cotton|cotton]], [[wikt:hibiscus|hibiscus]]es, [[wikt:hollyhock|hollyhock]]s, [[wikt:mallow|mallow]]s, [[wikt:okra|okra]], and other plants in the traditional [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Malvaceae|Malvaceae]], which is now considered to be the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Malvoideae|Malvoideae]] within the current [[wikt:Malvaceae|Malvaceae]]",
parents = {"mallow family plants"},
}

labels["Malpighiales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the order [[wikt:Malpighiales|Malpighiales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Malvales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agalloch|agalloch]], [[wikt:annatto|annatto]], [[wikt:balsa|balsa]], [[wikt:cacao|cacao]], [[wikt:cotton|cotton]], [[wikt:daphne|daphne]]s, [[wikt:durian|durian]]s, [[wikt:jute|jute]], [[wikt:hibiscus|hibiscus]]es, [[wikt:linden|linden]]s, [[wikt:mallow|mallow]]s, [[wikt:rockrose|rockrose]]s, [[wikt:sal|sal]], [[wikt:silk-cotton tree|silk-cotton tree]]s, [[wikt:tie bush|tie bush]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Malvales|Malvales]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["maples"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"soapberry family plants", "trees"},
}

labels["Menthinae subtribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:American pennyroyal|American pennyroyal]], [[wikt:basil thyme|basil thyme]], [[wikt:bee balm|bee balm]], [[wikt:calamint|calamint]], [[wikt:horsemint|horsemint]], [[wikt:mint|mint]]s, [[wikt:marjoram|marjoram]], [[wikt:mountain mint|mountain mint]], [[wikt:oregano|oregano]], [[savory|savories]], [[wikt:thyme|thyme]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:subtribe|subtribe]] [[wikt:Menthinae|Menthinae]] of the mint family, [[wikt:Lamiaceae|Lamiaceae]]",
parents = {"mint family plants", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["mimosa subfamily plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:acacia|acacia]]s, [[wikt:ice-cream bean|ice-cream bean]]s, [[wikt:mesquite|mesquite]]s, [[wikt:mimosa|mimosa]]s, [[wikt:rain tree|rain tree]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Mimosoideae|Mimosoideae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]], which has been reclassified as a [[wikt:clade|clade]] within the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Caesalpinioideae|Caesalpinioideae]]",
parents = {"legumes", "caesalpinia subfamily plants"},
}

labels["mint family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:balms|balms]], [[wikt:basil|basil]]s, [[wikt:betony|betony]], [[wikt:coleus|coleus]]es, [[wikt:deadnettle|deadnettle]]s, [[wikt:ground ivy|ground ivy]], [[wikt:hyssop|hyssop]]s, [[wikt:lavender|lavender]]s, [[wikt:mint|mint]]s, [[wikt:oregano|oregano]]s, [[wikt:patchouli|patchouli]], [[wikt:perilla|perilla]], [[wikt:sage|sage]]s, [[savory|savories]], [[wikt:selfheal|selfheal]], [[wikt:skullcap|skullcap]]s, [[wikt:thyme|thyme]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Lamiaceae|Lamiaceae]], also known as the [[wikt:Labiatae|Labiatae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["mints"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=the true [[wikt:mint|mint]]s, plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Mentha|Mentha]]''",
parents = {"mint family plants", "Menthinae subtribe plants"},
}

labels["morning glory family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bindweed|bindweed]]s, [[wikt:dichondra|dichondra]], [[wikt:dodder|dodder]], [[morning glory|morning glories]], [[sweet potato|sweet potatoes]], [[wikt:wood rose|wood rose]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Convolvulaceae|Convolvulaceae]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["moschatel family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[elderberry|elderberries]], [[wikt:moschatel|moschatel]], [[wikt:viburnum|viburnum]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Adoxaceae|Adoxaceae]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["mosses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=true [[wikt:moss|moss]]es, plants in the [[wikt:division|division]] [[wikt:Bryophyta|Bryophyta]] (excluding [[wikt:hornwort|hornwort]]s and [[wikt:liverwort|liverwort]]s), which doesn't include [[wikt:lichen|lichen]]s, [[wikt:club moss|club moss]]es, [[wikt:spike moss|spike moss]]es, [[wikt:algae|algae]], or mossy [[wikt:flowering plant|flowering plant]]s such as [[wikt:Irish moss|Irish moss]], or [[wikt:Spanish moss|Spanish moss]]",
parents = {"spore plants", "bryology"},
}

labels["mulberry family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[mulberry|mulberries]], [[wikt:breadfruit|breadfruit]], [[wikt:fig|fig]]s and other trees in the family [[wikt:Moraceae|Moraceae]]",
parents = {"Rosales order plants", "trees"},
}

labels["Myrtales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:allspice|allspice]], [[wikt:arjuna|arjuna]], [[wikt:bottlebrush|bottlebrush]], [[wikt:clove|clove]]s, [[wikt:eucalyptus|eucalyptus]]es, [[wikt:evening primrose|evening primrose]]s, [[wikt:guava|guava]]s, [[wikt:henna|henna]], [[wikt:leadwood|leadwood]], [[wikt:lilly-pilly|lilly-pilly]], [[wikt:loosestrife|loosestrife]]s, [[wikt:myrobalan|myrobalan]]s, [[wikt:myrtle|myrtle]]s, [[wikt:pomegranate|pomegranate]]s, [[wikt:quaruba|quaruba]], [[wikt:Rangoon creeper|Rangoon creeper]], [[wikt:rose apple|rose apple]]s, [[wikt:tea tree|tea tree]], [[wikt:tropical almond|tropical almond]]s, [[wikt:water caltrop|water caltrop]]s, [[wikt:white mangrove|white mangrove]]s, [[wikt:willowherb|willowherb]]s, and other plants, shrubs and trees in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Myrtales|Myrtales]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["myrtle family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Myrtaceae|Myrtaceae]]",
parents = {"Myrtales order plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["Nepetinae subtribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anise hyssop|anise hyssop]], [[wikt:catnip|catnip]], [[wikt:dragonhead|dragonhead]], [[wikt:ground-ivy|ground-ivy]], [[wikt:hyssop|hyssop]], [[wikt:Korean mint|Korean mint]], [[wikt:licorice mint|licorice mint]], and other plants in the [[wikt:subtribe|subtribe]] [[wikt:Nepetinae|Nepetinae]] of the mint family, [[wikt:Lamiaceae|Lamiaceae]]",
parents = {"mint family plants"},
}

labels["nettle family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:baby's tears|baby's tears]], [[wikt:clearweed|clearweed]], [[wikt:nettle|nettle]]s, [[wikt:ramie|ramie]], and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Urticaceae|Urticaceae]]",
parents = {"Rosales order plants"},
}

labels["nightshades"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ashwagandha|ashwagandha]], [[wikt:black nightshade|black nightshade]], [[wikt:boxthorn|boxthorn]]s, [[wikt:datura|datura]]s, [[wikt:deadly nightshade|deadly nightshade]], [[wikt:eggplant|eggplant]]s, [[wikt:goji|goji]], [[wikt:henbane|henbane]], [[wikt:mandrake|mandrake]], [[wikt:matrimony vine|matrimony vine]], [[wikt:pepper|pepper]]s, [[wikt:petunia|petunia]]s, [[wikt:potato|potato]]es, [[wikt:tobacco|tobacco]], [[wikt:tomatillo|tomatillo]]s, [[wikt:tomato|tomato]]es and other plants in the family [[wikt:Solanaceae|Solanaceae]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Nymphaeales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fanwort|fanwort]]s, [[wikt:foxnut|foxnut]]s, [[wikt:spatterdock|spatterdock]]s, [[water lily|water lilies]], [[wikt:water-shield|water-shield]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Nymphaeales|Nymphaeales]]",
parents = {"water plants"},
}

labels["oaks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:oak|oak]]s.\n\nMany languages recognize two main types: those with flat, [[wikt:deciduous|deciduous]] leaves, and those with curled, often prickly, [[wikt:evergreen|evergreen]] leaves (live oaks)",
parents = {"beech family plants", "trees"},
}

labels["olive family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:olive|olive]]s, [[wikt:ash|ash]]es, [[wikt:jasmine|jasmine]]s, [[wikt:lilac|lilac]]s, [[wikt:privet|privet]]s and other plants in the family [[wikt:Oleaceae|Oleaceae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants"},
}

labels["orchids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Orchidaceae|Orchidaceae]]",
parents = {"Asparagales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["Oryzeae tribe grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cutgrass|cutgrass]], [[wikt:rice|rice]], [[wikt:wild rice|wild rice]], and other grasses in the tribe [[wikt:Oryzeae|Oryzeae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["Oxalidales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bilimbi|bilimbi]], [[wikt:coachwood|coachwood]], [[wikt:cudgerie|cudgerie]], [[wikt:makomako|makomako]], [[wikt:quandong|quandong]], [[wikt:rudraksha|rudraksha]], [[wikt:star fruit|star fruit]], [[wikt:wood sorrel|wood sorrel]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Oxalidales|Oxalidales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees"},
}

labels["palm trees"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:palm|palm]]s",
parents = {"commelinids", "trees"},
}

labels["Pandanales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:kiekie|kiekie]], [[wikt:Panama hat palm|Panama hat palm]], [[wikt:pandanus|pandanus]], [[wikt:stemona|stemona]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Pandanales|Pandanales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees"},
}

labels["Paniceae tribe grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:burgrass|burgrass]], [[wikt:basketgrass|basketgrass]], [[wikt:bristlegrass|bristlegrass]]es, [[wikt:buffelgrass|buffelgrass]], [[wikt:common millet|common millet]], [[wikt:crabgrass|crabgrass]], [[wikt:elephant grass|elephant grass]], [[wikt:foxtail millet|foxtail millet]], [[wikt:fountaingrass|fountaingrass]], [[wikt:Kikuyu grass|Kikuyu grass]], [[wikt:Napier grass|Napier grass]], [[wikt:panicgrass|panicgrass]], [[wikt:Pará grass|Pará grass]], [[wikt:pigeongrass|pigeongrass]], [[wikt:sandbur|sandbur]], [[wikt:spinifex|spinifex]], [[wikt:switchgrass|switchgrass]], [[wikt:watergrass|watergrass]], and other grasses in the tribe [[wikt:Paniceae|Paniceae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["passion vine family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:barbadine|barbadine]]s, [[wikt:damiana|damiana]], [[wikt:granadilla|granadilla]]s, [[wikt:maracock|maracock]]s, [[wikt:maypop|maypop]]s, [[wikt:passionflower|passionflower]]s, [[wikt:water lemon|water lemon]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Passifloraceae|Passifloraceae]]",
parents = {"Malpighiales order plants"},
}

labels["peppers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aji|aji]]s, [[wikt:chile|chile]]s, [[wikt:pimiento|pimiento]]s, [[wikt:sweet pepper|sweet pepper]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Capsicum|Capsicum]]''",
parents = {"nightshades", "vegetables", "spices and herbs"},
}

labels["Phaseoleae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:azuki bean|azuki bean]]s, [[wikt:catjang|catjang]]s, [[wikt:Bambara groundnut|Bambara groundnut]]s, [[wikt:Calabar bean|Calabar bean]]s, [[wikt:coral tree|coral tree]]s, [[wikt:green bean|green bean]]s, [[wikt:groundnut|groundnut]]s, [[wikt:hyacinth bean|hyacinth bean]]s, [[wikt:jicama|jicama]], [[wikt:kidney bean|kidney bean]]s, [[wikt:kudzu|kudzu]], [[wikt:mung bean|mung bean]]s, [[wikt:pigeon pea|pigeon pea]]s, [[wikt:runner bean|runner bean]]s, [[wikt:snailflower|snailflower]], [[wikt:soybean|soybean]]s, [[wikt:tepary|tepary]], [[wikt:winged bean|winged bean]]s, [[wikt:yardlong bean|yardlong bean]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Phaseoleae|Phaseoleae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Phaseolus beans"] = {
type = "set",
displaytitle = "''Phaseolus'' beans",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:New World|New World]] [[wikt:legume|legume]] [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Phaseolus|Phaseolus]]''",
parents = {"Phaseoleae tribe plants", "vegetables"},
}

labels["pines"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"conifers"},
}

labels["Piperales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:betel pepper|betel pepper]], [[wikt:black pepper|black pepper]], [[wikt:cubeb|cubeb]], [[wikt:hoja santa|hoja santa]], [[wikt:kava|kava]], [[wikt:lizard tail|lizard tail]], [[wikt:long pepper|long pepper]], [[wikt:pipevine|pipevine]], [[wikt:radiator plant|radiator plant]], [[wikt:wild ginger|wild ginger]], [[wikt:yerba mansa|yerba mansa]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Piperales|Piperales]]",
parents = {"Magnoliids"},
}

labels["plantain family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bacopa|bacopa]]s, [[wikt:brooklime|brooklime]], [[wikt:foxglove|foxglove]]s, [[wikt:mare's tail|mare's tail]], [[wikt:penstemon|penstemon]]s, [[wikt:plantain|plantain]]s, [[wikt:snapdragon|snapdragon]]s, and many other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Plantaginaceae|Plantaginaceae]], including many formerly included in the [[wikt:Scrophulariaceae|Scrophulariaceae]] and the [[wikt:Hippuridaceae|Hippuridaceae]]",
parents = {"Lamiales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["podocarpus family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=conifers in the family [[wikt:Podocarpaceae|Podocarpaceae]]",
parents = {"conifers"},
}

labels["Poeae tribe grasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beachgrass|beachgrass]], [[wikt:bentgrass|bentgrass]], [[wikt:bluegrass|bluegrass]], [[wikt:canary grass|canary grass]], [[wikt:darnel|darnel]], [[wikt:fescue|fescue]], [[wikt:goldseed|goldseed]], [[wikt:hair grass|hair grass]], [[wikt:marram|marram]], [[wikt:muttongrass|muttongrass]], [[wikt:nitgrass|nitgrass]], [[wikt:oat|oat]]s, [[wikt:ribbongrass|ribbongrass]], [[wikt:sweetgrass|sweetgrass]], [[wikt:timothy|timothy]], and other grasses in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Poeae|Poeae]], including the former tribe [[wikt:Aveneae|Aveneae]]",
parents = {"grasses"},
}

labels["polynesian canoe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Polynesian|Polynesian]] [[wikt:canoe plant|canoe plant]]s, plants which the Polynesians are believed to have spread between islands before European contact",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["pome fruits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:apple|apple]]s, [[wikt:hawthorn|hawthorn]]s, [[wikt:pear|pear]]s, [[wikt:quince|quince]]s, [[serviceberry|serviceberries]] and other plants in [[wikt:subtribe|subtribe]] [[wikt:Malinae|Malinae]] of the family [[wikt:Rosaceae|Rosaceae]]",
parents = {"rose family plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["poppies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bleeding heart|bleeding heart]], [[wikt:bloodroot|bloodroot]], [[wikt:celandine|celandine]], [[wikt:fumitory|fumitory]], [[poppy|poppies]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Papaveraceae|Papaveraceae]]",
parents = {"Ranunculales order plants"},
}

labels["primrose family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:brookweed|brookweed]], [[wikt:cyclamen|cyclamen]]s, [[wikt:marlberry|marlberry]], [[wikt:pimpernel|pimpernel]]s, [[wikt:primrose|primrose]]s, [[wikt:shooting star|shooting star]]s, [[wikt:snowbell|snowbell]]s, [[wikt:starflower|starflower]]s and other plants in the family [[wikt:Primulaceae|Primulaceae]], including the former [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Myrsinaceae|Myrsinaceae]]",
parents = {"Ericales order plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["proteales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:banksia|banksia]]s, [[wikt:grevillea|grevillea]]s, [[wikt:hakea|hakea]]s, [[wikt:lotus|lotus]]es, [[wikt:macadamia|macadamia]]s, [[wikt:plane|plane]] trees, [[wikt:protea|protea]]s, [[wikt:silk oak|silk oak]]s, [[wikt:waratah|waratah]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Proteales|Proteales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["Prunus genus plants"] = {
type = "set",
displaytitle = "''Prunus'' genus plants",
description = "=[[wikt:almond|almond]]s, [[wikt:apricot|apricot]]s, [[cherry|cherries]], [[wikt:peach|peach]]es, [[wikt:plum|plum]]s and other plants in the genus ''[[wikt:Prunus|Prunus]]''",
parents = {"rose family plants", "stone fruits"},
}

labels["radishes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"crucifers", "vegetables"},
}

labels["Ranunculales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:akebia|akebia]], [[barberry|barberries]], [[wikt:buttercup|buttercup]]s, [[wikt:calumba|calumba]], [[wikt:moonseed|moonseed]]s, [[poppy|poppies]], [[wikt:serendipity berry|serendipity berry]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Ranunculales|Ranunculales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Rosales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agrimony|agrimony]], [[wikt:almond|almond]]s, [[wikt:apple|apple]]s, [[wikt:baby's tears|baby's tears]], [[blackberry|blackberries]], [[wikt:breadfruit|breadfruit]], [[buffaloberry|buffaloberries]], [[wikt:buckthorn|buckthorn]]s, [[cherry|cherries]], [[wikt:elm|elm]]s, [[wikt:fig|fig]]s, [[wikt:hackberries|hackberries]], [[wikt:hemp|hemp]], [[wikt:hop|hop]]s, [[wikt:jujube|jujube]]s, [[mulberry|mulberries]], [[wikt:nettle|nettle]]s, [[wikt:oleaster|oleaster]]s, [[wikt:Osage orange|Osage orange]], [[wikt:pilea|pilea]]s, [[wikt:plum|plum]]s, [[wikt:rose|rose]]s, [[wikt:spirea|spirea]]s, [[strawberry|strawberries]], [[wikt:zelkova|zelkova]]s, and many other plants, trees and shrubs in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Rosales|Rosales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["rose family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agrimony|agrimony]], [[wikt:almond|almond]]s, [[wikt:apple|apple]]s, [[blackberry|blackberries]], [[cherry|cherries]], [[wikt:cinquefoil|cinquefoil]]s, [[wikt:hawthorn|hawthorn]]s, [[wikt:meadowsweet|meadowsweet]], [[wikt:rose|rose]]s, [[strawberry|strawberries]], and many other plants, trees and shrubs in the family [[wikt:Rosaceae|Rosaceae]]",
parents = {"Rosales order plants"},
}

labels["roses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"rose family plants", "flowers"},
}

labels["rue family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Amur cork tree|Amur cork tree]], [[wikt:boronia|boronia]]s, [[wikt:breath of heaven|breath of heaven]], [[wikt:buchu|buchu]], [[wikt:citrus|citrus]]es, [[wikt:hoptree|hoptree]], [[wikt:jaborandi|jaborandi]], [[wikt:prickly ash|prickly ash]]es, [[wikt:rue|rue]], [[wikt:satinwood|satinwood]]s, [[wikt:Sichuan pepper|Sichuan pepper]], [[wikt:torchwood|torchwood]]s, [[wikt:white sapote|white sapote]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Rutaceae|Rutaceae]]",
parents = {"Sapindales order plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["rushes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Juncaceae|Juncaceae]]",
parents = {"commelinids", "water plants"},
}

labels["sages"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Salvia|Salvia]]'' (not to be confused with [[wikt:sagebrush|sagebrush]])",
parents = {"mint family plants", "herbs"},
}

labels["Santalales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mistletoe|mistletoe]]s, [[wikt:quandong|quandong]], [[wikt:sandalwood|sandalwood]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Santalales|Santalales]]",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["Sapindales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cashew|cashew]]s, [[wikt:Chinese olive|Chinese olive]]s, [[wikt:chinaberry|chinaberry]], [[wikt:citrus|citrus]]es, [[wikt:frankincense|frankincense]], [[wikt:jaborandi|jaborandi]], [[wikt:lychee|lychee]]s, [[wikt:mahogany|mahogany]], [[wikt:mango|mango]]s, [[wikt:maple|maple]]s, [[wikt:myrrh|myrrh]], [[wikt:neem|neem]], [[wikt:pistachio|pistachio]]s, [[wikt:poison ivy|poison ivy]], [[wikt:quassia|quassia]], [[wikt:rambutan|rambutan]], [[wikt:rue|rue]], [[wikt:Sichuan pepper|Sichuan pepper]], [[wikt:soapberry|soapberry]], [[wikt:sumac|sumac]]s, [[wikt:tamarind|tamarind]], [[wikt:tree of heaven|tree of heaven]], and many other plants, trees and shrubs in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Sapindales|Sapindales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["sapote family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=trees and shrubs in the family [[wikt:Sapotaceae|Sapotaceae]]",
parents = {"Ericales order plants"},
}

labels["Saxifragales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alumroot|alumroot]]s, [[wikt:astilbe|astilbe]]s, [[wikt:currant|currant]]s, [[wikt:foamflower|foamflower]]s, [[gooseberry|gooseberries]], [[wikt:Indian rhubarb|Indian rhubarb]], [[wikt:katsura|katsura]], [[wikt:London pride|London pride]], [[wikt:miterwort|miterwort]]s, [[peony|peonies]], [[wikt:rockfoil|rockfoil]]s, [[wikt:saxifrage|saxifrage]]s, [[wikt:stonecrop|stonecrop]]s, [[wikt:sweet gum|sweet gum]]s, [[wikt:watermilfoil|watermilfoil]]s, [[wikt:witch hazel|witch hazel]]s, [[wikt:youth-on-age|youth-on-age]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Saxifragales|Saxifragales]]",
parents = {"plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["Scandiceae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:asafoetida|asafoetida]], [[wikt:carrot|carrot]]s, [[wikt:chervil|chervil]], [[wikt:cicely|cicely]], [[wikt:cumin|cumin]], [[wikt:lady's comb|lady's comb]], [[wikt:laserwort|laserwort]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Scandiceae|Scandiceae]] of the celery [[wikt:family|family]], [[wikt:Apiaceae|Apiaceae]]",
parents = {"celery family plants"},
}

labels["sedges"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Cyperaceae|Cyperaceae]]",
parents = {"commelinids"},
}

labels["Selineae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:angelica|angelica]], [[wikt:arracacha|arracacha]], [[wikt:biscuitroot|biscuitroot]], [[wikt:dog parsley|dog parsley]], [[wikt:dong quai|dong quai]], [[wikt:hog fennel|hog fennel]], [[wikt:masterwort|masterwort]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Selineae|Selineae]] of the celery [[wikt:family|family]], [[wikt:Apiaceae|Apiaceae]]",
parents = {"celery family plants"},
}

labels["Senecioneae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:butterbur|butterbur]]s, [[wikt:cineraria|cineraria]]s, [[wikt:coltsfoot|coltsfoot]]s, [[wikt:dusty miller|dusty miller]], [[wikt:groundsel|groundsel]]s, [[wikt:leopardsbane|leopardsbane]], [[wikt:ragwort|ragwort]]s, [[wikt:string of pearls|string of pearls]], and other plants in the [[wikt:composite|composite]] tribe [[wikt:Senecioneae|Senecioneae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["shrubs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"plants"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["soapberry family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Sapindaceae|Sapindaceae]]",
parents = {"Sapindales order plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["solanums"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bittersweet|bittersweet]], [[wikt:black nightshade|black nightshade]] [[wikt:buffalo bur|buffalo bur]], [[wikt:eggplant|eggplant]]s, [[wikt:Jerusalem cherry|Jerusalem cherry]], [[wikt:kangaroo apple|kangaroo apple]], [[wikt:pepino melon|pepino melon]], [[wikt:potato|potato]]es, [[wikt:tamarillo|tamarillo]], [[wikt:tomato|tomato]]es, [[wikt:wonderberry|wonderberry]] and other plants in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Solanum|Solanum]]''",
parents = {"nightshades", "vegetables"},
}

labels["spore plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=a number of unrelated true plants that reproduce by [[wikt:spore|spore]]s, such as [[wikt:moss|moss]]es, [[wikt:liverwort|liverwort]]s, [[wikt:horsetail|horsetail]]s and [[wikt:fern|fern]]s, formerly classified as [[wikt:cryptogam|cryptogam]]s",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["spurges"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:candlenut|candlenut]]s, [[wikt:cassava|cassava]], [[wikt:castor bean|castor bean]]s, [[wikt:croton|croton]]s, [[wikt:poinsettia|poinsettia]]s, [[wikt:rubber tree|rubber tree]]s, [[wikt:spurge|spurge]]s, [[wikt:tallow tree|tallow tree]]s, and other plants in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Euphorbiaceae|Euphorbiaceae]]",
parents = {"Malpighiales order plants"},
}

labels["staff vine family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bittersweet|bittersweet]], [[wikt:burning bush|burning bush]], [[wikt:candlewood|candlewood]], [[wikt:grass of Parnassus|grass of Parnassus]], [[wikt:khat|khat]], [[wikt:mayten|mayten]], [[wikt:paxistima|paxistima]]s, [[wikt:spindle tree|spindle tree]]s, [[wikt:staff vine|staff vine]]s, [[wikt:thunder god vine|thunder god vine]], [[wikt:wahoo|wahoo]], and other plants in the family [[wikt:Celastraceae|Celastraceae]]",
parents = {"plants", "shrubs"},
}

labels["stone fruits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[fruit#Noun|fruit]] which are [[wikt:drupe|drupe]]s (having a [[wikt:fleshy|fleshy]] portion surrounding a hard [[pit#Noun|pit]] or [[stone#Noun|stone]] containing a [[seed#Noun|seed]]). Plants that produce drupes include [[wikt:cashew|cashew]], [[wikt:coffee|coffee]], [[wikt:jujube|jujube]], [[wikt:mango|mango]], [[wikt:olive|olive]], most [[palm#Noun|palms]] (including [[wikt:açaí|açaí]], [[wikt:coconut|coconut]], [[date#Noun|date]], [[wikt:oil palm|oil palm]]s, and [[wikt:sabal|sabal]]), [[wikt:pistachio|pistachio]], and all members of the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Prunus|Prunus]]'' (including the [[wikt:almond|almond]], [[wikt:apricot|apricot]], [[wikt:cherry|cherry]], [[wikt:damson|damson]], [[wikt:nectarine|nectarine]], [[wikt:peach|peach]], and [[plum#Noun|plum]])",
parents = {"fruits", "shrubs", "trees"},
}

labels["stonecrop family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:succulent|succulent]]s in the family [[wikt:Crassulaceae|Crassulaceae]]",
parents = {"Saxifragales order plants", "succulents"},
}

labels["succulents"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants with thickened, fleshy leaves or stems for storing water",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["sumac family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sumac|sumac]]s, [[wikt:cashew|cashew]]s, [[wikt:pistachio|pistachio]]s, [[wikt:poison ivy|poison ivy]] and other plants in the family [[wikt:Anacardiaceae|Anacardiaceae]]",
parents = {"Sapindales order plants", "trees", "shrubs"},
}

labels["thistles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:artichoke|artichoke]]s, [[wikt:burdock|burdock]]s, [[wikt:cardoon|cardoon]]s, [[wikt:costus|costus]], [[wikt:knapweed|knapweed]]s, [[wikt:safflower|safflower]], [[wikt:sawwort|sawwort]], [[wikt:thistle|thistle]]s and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Cynareae|Cynareae]] (also known as the [[wikt:Cardueae|Cardueae]]) of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]]",
parents = {"composites"},
}

labels["tomatoes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the cultivated [[wikt:species|species]] ''[[wikt:Solanum lycopersicum|Solanum lycopersicum]]'' and its wild relative, ''[[wikt:Solanum pimpinellifolium|Solanum pimpinellifolium]]''",
parents = {"nightshades", "solanums", "vegetables"},
}

labels["trees"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"plants"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["Trifolieae tribe plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alfalfa|alfalfa]], [[wikt:alsike|alsike]], [[wikt:burclover|burclover]], [[wikt:clover|clover]], [[wikt:fenugreek|fenugreek]], [[wikt:medick|medick]], [[wikt:melilot|melilot]], [[wikt:restharrow|restharrow]], and other plants in the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Trifolieae|Trifolieae]] of the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Fabaceae|Fabaceae]]",
parents = {"legumes"},
}

labels["Vigna beans"] = {
type = "set",
displaytitle = "''Vigna'' beans",
description = "=plants in the Asian [[wikt:legume|legume]] [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Vigna|Vigna]]'', including [[wikt:black-eyed pea|black-eyed pea]]s, [[wikt:Bambara groundnut|Bambara groundnut]]s and what are variously called [[wikt:bean|bean]]s, [[wikt:dal|dal]]s or [[wikt:gram|gram]]s",
parents = {"Phaseoleae tribe plants", "vegetables"},
}

labels["violet family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Johnny-jump-up|Johnny-jump-up]]s, [[wikt:mahoe|mahoe]], [[pansy|pansies]], [[wikt:viola|viola]]s, [[wikt:violet|violet]]s, [[wikt:whiteywood|whiteywood]] and other plants in the family [[wikt:Violaceae|Violaceae]]",
parents = {"Malpighiales order plants"},
}

labels["Vitales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
displaytitle = "''Vitales'' order plants",
description = "=[[wikt:grape|grape]]s and other plants in the ''[[wikt:Vitales|Vitales]]'' order",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["walnut family plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:walnut|walnut]]s, [[wikt:butternut|butternut]]s, [[hickory|hickories]], [[wikt:pecan|pecan]]s, and other trees in the family [[wikt:Juglandaceae|Juglandaceae]]",
parents = {"trees", "nuts"},
}

labels["water plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"plants"},
}

labels["willows and poplars"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=plants in the family [[wikt:Salicaceae|Salicaceae]]",
parents = {"Malpighiales order plants", "trees"},
}

labels["Zingiberales order plants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:arrowroot|arrowroot]], [[wikt:banana|banana]]s, [[bird of paradise|birds of paradise]], [[wikt:canna|canna]]s, [[wikt:ginger|ginger]]s, [[wikt:prayer plant|prayer plant]], and other plants in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Zingiberales|Zingiberales]]",
parents = {"commelinids"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Places

2026-05-22T21:29:00Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local handlers = {}

local m_table = require("Module:table")
local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities"
local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"

local m_locations = require("Module:place/locations")
local m_placetypes = require("Module:place/placetypes")
local placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local is_callable = require("Module:fun").is_callable

--[==[ intro:
This module is part of the category tree code and contains code to generate the descriptions of place-related categories
such as [[Category:de:Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan]], [[Category:es:Cities in France]],
[[Category:pt:Municipalities of Tocantins, Brazil]], etc.). Note that this module doesn't actually create the
categories; that must be done separately, with the text "{{tl|auto cat}}" as the definition of the category. (This
process should automatically happen periodically for non-empty categories, because they will appear in
[[Special:WantedCategories]] and a bot will periodically examine that list and create any needed category.)

There are two ways that category descriptions are specified: (1) by manually adding an entry to the `labels` table,
keyed by the label (the category minus the language code) with a value consisting of a Lua table specifying the
description text and the category's parents; (2) through handlers (pieces of Lua code) added to the `handlers` list,
which recognize labels of a specific type (e.g. `Cities in France`) and generate the appropriate specification for that
label on-the-fly.

See [[Module:place]] for an introduction to the terminology associated with places along with a list of all the relevant
modules, along with for more specific information on types of toponyms and placetypes and how their categorization
works.
]==]

local function lcfirst(label)
return mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(label)
end

local function gsub_literally(str, from, to)
local m_strutils = require(string_utilities_module)
return (str:gsub(m_strutils.pattern_escape(from), m_strutils.replacement_escape(to)))
end

local class_to_bare_category_parent = {
["polity"] = "polities",
["subpolity"] = "political divisions",
["settlement"] = "settlements",
["non-admin settlement"] = "settlements",
["capital"] = "capital cities",
["natural feature"] = "natural features",
["man-made structure"] = "man-made structures",
["geographic region"] = "geographic and cultural areas",
}

local class_is_political_division = {
["polity"] = true, -- strictly false but there are placetypes ambiguous between polity and subpolity
["subpolity"] = true,
["settlement"] = true,
["non-admin settlement"] = false,
["capital"] = true,
["natural feature"] = false,
["man-made structure"] = false,
["geographic region"] = false,
["generic place"] = false,
}

local capital_cat_to_placetype = {}
for placetype, capital_cat in pairs(m_placetypes.placetype_to_capital_cat) do
capital_cat_to_placetype[capital_cat] = placetype
end

-- Handler for bare categories for all types of capitals. This needs to precede the handler for bare placetype
-- categories as some of the types of capitals exist as placetypes as well.
insert(handlers, function(label)
label = lcfirst(label)
local capital_placetype = capital_cat_to_placetype[label]
if capital_placetype then
local pl_placetype = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(capital_placetype)
local linkdesc = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(pl_placetype, "top-level")
if linkdesc == nil then
internal_error("Unrecognized placetype %s when processing label %s", capital_placetype, label)
end
if linkdesc == false then
mw.log(("Display form for pl_placetype %s is false, can't categorize"):format(dump(pl_placetype)))
return nil
end
return {
type = "name",
topic = label,
description = "{{{langname}}} names of [[wikt:capital|capital]]s of " .. linkdesc .. ".",
parents = {"capital cities"},
}
end
end)

-- Handler for bare placetype categories. FIXME: Add wpcat= and commonscat= info. Previously we had it for various
-- so-called "generic" placetypes, but sometimes the categories were wrong.
insert(handlers, function(label)
for _, canon_label in ipairs { lcfirst(label), label } do
local ptdesc, ptdata = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(canon_label, "top-level", "return full")
if ptdesc then
local from_category_props = {
from_category = true,
no_split_qualifiers = true,
}
local bare_category_parent = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(canon_label, function(pt)
local bare_category_parent = m_placetypes.get_placetype_prop(pt, "bare_category_parent")
if bare_category_parent then
return bare_category_parent
end
local class = m_placetypes.get_placetype_prop(pt, "class")
if class then
if class_to_bare_category_parent[class] == nil then
internal_error("Saw unknown category class %s derived from placetype %s",
class, canon_label)
end
return class_to_bare_category_parent[class]
end
end, from_category_props)
if not bare_category_parent then
internal_error("Saw placetype %s without a `class` or `bare_category_parent` setting, either " ..
"directly or through a fallback", canon_label)
end
local addl_bare_category_parents = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(canon_label, function(pt)
return m_placetypes.get_placetype_prop(pt, "addl_bare_category_parents")
end, from_category_props)
local bare_category_breadcrumb = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(canon_label, function(pt)
return m_placetypes.get_placetype_prop(pt, "bare_category_breadcrumb")
end, from_category_props)
if type(bare_category_parent) == "string" and bare_category_breadcrumb then
bare_category_parent = {name = bare_category_parent, sort = bare_category_breadcrumb}
end
local parents = {bare_category_parent}
if addl_bare_category_parents then
m_table.extend(parents, addl_bare_category_parents)
end
return {
type = "name",
topic = canon_label,
description = "{{{langname}}} " .. ptdesc .. ".",
breadcrumb = bare_category_breadcrumb,
parents = parents,
}
elseif ptdesc == false then
mw.log(("Display form for canon_label %s is false, can't categorize"):format(dump(canon_label)))
end
end
end)

local function fetch_primary_placetype(key, spec)
local placetype = spec.placetype
if type(placetype) == "table" then
placetype = placetype[1]
end
if not placetype then
internal_error("No placetype specified or defaulted for key %s, spec %s", key, spec)
end
return placetype
end

--[==[
Construct an appropriately linked location based on the full or elliptical placename, preceded by `"the "`` if
appropriate. Specifically:

Fetch the full and elliptical_placenames. If they are the same, just link to the placename directly. Otherwise, check if
the full placename exists; if so link to it. Otherwise, if the elliptical placename exists, link to it but display it as
the full placename. Finally, if neither full placename nor elliptical placename exists, fall back to linking to the full
placename. That way, we prefer full placenames to elliptical placenames if both or neither exist as Wiktionary entries,
but if only one exists, we link to that one rather than have a red link.
]==]
local function construct_linked_location(group, key, spec)
local full_placename, elliptical_placename = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
local linked_placename
if elliptical_placename ~= full_placename then
local full_placename_title = mw.title.new(full_placename)
if full_placename_title and full_placename_title.exists then
linked_placename = m_locations.construct_linked_placename(spec, full_placename)
else
local elliptical_placename_title = mw.title.new(elliptical_placename)
if elliptical_placename_title and elliptical_placename_title.exists then
linked_placename = m_locations.construct_linked_placename(spec, elliptical_placename, full_placename)
end
end
end
return linked_placename or m_locations.construct_linked_placename(spec, full_placename)
end

--[==[
Construct the description of a location, including its container trail either to the end or until we encounter a
`no_include_container_in_desc` setting. For example, for the city of [[wikt:Birmingham|Birmingham]], the description will read
`"[[wikt:Birmingham|Birmingham]], a [[wikt:city|city]] in the [[wikt:West Midlands|West Midlands]] (which is a [[wikt:county|county]] of [[wikt:England|England]], which is a
[[wikt:constituent country|constituent country]] of the [[wikt:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], which is a [[wikt:country|country]] in [[wikt:Europe|Europe]])"`. FIXME: Possibly we should
adopt the way city descriptions used to read, which was similar to `"the city of [[wikt:Birmingham|Birmingham]], in the county of the
[[wikt:West Midlands|West Midlands]], in the [[wikt:constituent country|constituent country]] of [[wikt:England|England]], in the [[wikt:country|country]] of the [[wikt:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], in
[[wikt:Europe|Europe]]"`.
]==]
local function construct_location_desc(group, key, spec)
local parts = {}
local function ins(txt)
insert(parts, txt)
end
ins(construct_linked_location(group, key, spec))
local iteration = 0
local need_closing_paren = false
local containers = {{group = group, key = key, spec = spec}}
local container_iterator = m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
while true do
iteration = iteration + 1
local include_container_in_desc = false
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
if not container.spec.no_include_container_in_desc then
include_container_in_desc = true
break
end
end
if not include_container_in_desc then
break
end
local next_containers = container_iterator()
if not next_containers then
break
end
local is_former = nil
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
local this_is_former = container.spec.is_former_place
if is_former == nil then
is_former = this_is_former
elseif is_former ~= this_is_former then
internal_error("When processing container trail of key %s, found a mixture of former and non-former " ..
"containers: %s", key, containers)
end
end

if #containers > 1 then
local placetypes = {}
local prepositions = {}
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
local container_type = fetch_primary_placetype(container.key, container.spec)
m_table.insertIfNot(placetypes, m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(container_type))
m_table.insertIfNot(prepositions, m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(container_type))
end
if iteration == 1 then
ins(", ")
elseif iteration == 2 then
ins(" (which are ")
need_closing_paren = true
else
ins(", which are ")
end
if is_former then
ins("former ")
end
ins(m_table.serialCommaJoin(placetypes))
ins(" ")
ins(concat(prepositions, "/"))
else
if iteration == 1 then
ins(", ")
elseif iteration == 2 then
ins(" (which is ")
need_closing_paren = true
else
ins(", which is ")
end
local container_type = fetch_primary_placetype(containers[1].key, containers[1].spec)
if is_former then
ins("a former ")
else
ins(m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(container_type))
ins(" ")
end
ins(container_type)
ins(" ")
ins(m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(container_type))
end
ins(" ")
first_container = false
containers = next_containers
local container_locations = {}
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
insert(container_locations, construct_linked_location(container.group, container.key,
container.spec))
end
ins(m_table.serialCommaJoin(container_locations))
end
if need_closing_paren then
ins(")")
end

return concat(parts)
end

-- Fetch or construct the description of the location specified by `key`. If the `keydesc` property is specified,
-- use it directly but substitute any occurrence of `+++` with the auto-constructed location description, which
-- mentions the placename corresponding to the key, its placetype and container, and repeats the description up
-- the container trail until either there are no more containers or (more usually) the `no_include_container_in_desc`
-- setting is found (which is set on all continents and continent-level regions).
local function fetch_or_construct_location_desc(group, key, spec)
local val = spec.keydesc
if is_callable(val) then
val = val(group, key, spec)
spec.keydesc = val
end
val = val or "+++"
if val:find("%+%+%+") then
val = gsub_literally(val, "+++", construct_location_desc(group, key, spec))
end
return val
end

local function normalize_cat_as(cat_as, div)
if type(cat_as) ~= "table" or cat_as.type then
cat_as = {cat_as}
end
local ret_cat_as = {}
for _, pt_cat_as in ipairs(cat_as) do
if type(pt_cat_as) == "string" then
pt_cat_as = {type = pt_cat_as}
end
insert(ret_cat_as, {type = pt_cat_as.type, prep = pt_cat_as.prep or div.prep or "of"})
end
return ret_cat_as
end

-- Find the specified plural placetype among the divs for a given known location. Return a list of cat_as specs, where
-- each spec is of the form {type = "PLURAL_PLACETYPE", prep = "PREP"} indicating the plural placetype to use when
-- categorizing and the preposition to follow.
local function find_placetype_cat_as(divs, pl_placetype)
if divs then
if type(divs) ~= "table" then
divs = {divs}
end
for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
if type(div) == "string" then
div = {type = div}
end
if div.type == pl_placetype then
local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
return normalize_cat_as(cat_as, div)
end
end
end

return nil
end

-- Handler for bare placename categories for known locations in `locations` in [[Module:place/locations]].
insert(handlers, function(label)
for _, canon_label in ipairs { label, lcfirst(label) } do
local group, spec = m_locations.find_canonical_key(canon_label)
if group then
-- wp= defaults to true (Wikipedia article matches location's full placename)
local wp = spec.wp
if wp == nil then
wp = true
end
-- wpcat= defaults to wp= (if Wikipedia article has its own name, Wikipedia category and Commons category
-- generally follow)
local wpcat = spec.wpcat
if wpcat == nil then
wpcat = wp
end
-- commonscat= defaults to wpcat= (if Wikipedia category has its own name, Commons category generally
-- follows)
local commonscat = spec.commonscat
if commonscat == nil then
commonscat = wpcat
end
local parents = {}
local bare_label_parents = spec.overriding_bare_label_parents
local container_iterator = m_locations.iterate_containers(group, canon_label, spec)
local containers = container_iterator()
if not bare_label_parents then
bare_label_parents = {"+++"}
end
local full_location_placename, elliptical_location_placename = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, canon_label)
local full_container_placename
if containers then
full_container_placename, _ = m_locations.key_to_placename(containers[1].group, containers[1].key)
end
local inserted_containers = false
for _, parent in ipairs(bare_label_parents) do
if parent == "+++" then
parent = "PL_PLACETYPE PREP CONTAINER"
end
if parent:find("CONTAINER") then
if not containers then
internal_error("Parent category %s needs the container of %s but no containers specified: %s",
parent, canon_label, spec)
end
local location_type = fetch_primary_placetype(canon_label, spec)
local pl_location_type = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(location_type)
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
local per_container_parent = parent
local cat_as_list
if per_container_parent:find("PL_PLACETYPE") then
if spec.bare_category_parent_type then
cat_as_list = normalize_cat_as(spec.bare_category_parent_type, spec)
else
cat_as_list = find_placetype_cat_as(container.spec.divs, pl_location_type) or
find_placetype_cat_as(container.spec.addl_divs, pl_location_type)
end
end
if not cat_as_list then
local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = m_placetypes.get_placetype_data(location_type, "from category")
if not canon_placetype or not (ptdata.generic_before_non_cities or ptdata.generic_before_cities) then
internal_error("Unable to locate plural location type %s among the divs or addl_divs " ..
"for container key %s spec %s, and the location type is either not in placetype_data or " ..
"not identified as a generic placetype", pl_location_type, container.key, container.spec)
end
cat_as_list = {{type = pl_location_type, prep =
m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(location_type)}}
end
local prefixed_key = m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec)
per_container_parent = gsub_literally(per_container_parent, "CONTAINER", prefixed_key)
for _, cat_as in ipairs(cat_as_list) do
local per_container_per_placetype_parent = per_container_parent
per_container_per_placetype_parent = gsub_literally(per_container_per_placetype_parent, "PL_PLACETYPE",
cat_as.type)
per_container_per_placetype_parent = gsub_literally(per_container_per_placetype_parent, "PREP",
cat_as.prep)
m_table.insertIfNot(parents, per_container_per_placetype_parent)
end
end
inserted_containers = true
else
m_table.insertIfNot(parents, parent)
end
end
if not inserted_containers and containers then
-- If we didn't insert the containers above in some form, insert them now as bare categories. Note that
-- this may be different categories from the container categories inserted above.
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
m_table.insertIfNot(parents, container.key)
end
end
if spec.addl_parents then
for _, parent in ipairs(spec.addl_parents) do
m_table.insertIfNot(parents, parent)
end
end
local function format_boxval(val, specname)
if val == true then
val = "%l"
end
if type(val) == "string" then
val = gsub_literally(val, "%l", full_location_placename)
val = gsub_literally(val, "%e", elliptical_location_placename)
if val:find("%%c") then
if not full_container_placename then
internal_error("Wikipedia/Commons spec %s = %s has %%c in it but key %s has no " ..
"containers: %s", specname, val, canon_label, spec)
end
val = gsub_literally(val, "%c", full_container_placename)
end
end
return val
end

local description = spec.fulldesc or (
"{{{langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of " ..
fetch_or_construct_location_desc(group, canon_label, spec) .. ".")
local full_placename, _ = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, canon_label)
return {
type = "topic",
description = description,
breadcrumb = full_placename,
parents = parents,
wp = format_boxval(wp, "wp"),
wpcat = format_boxval(wpcat, "wpcat"),
commonscat = format_boxval(commonscat, "commonscat"),
}
end
end
end)

local function find_canonical_key_from_place(place, canon_label)
local has_the = false
local key
if place:find("^the ") then
key = place:gsub("^the ", "")
has_the = true
else
key = place
end
local group, spec = m_locations.find_canonical_key(key)
if group then
local requires_the = spec.the or false
if has_the ~= requires_the then
if has_the then
mw.log(("Mismatch in category name '%s', has 'the' in the category when it should not"):format(
canon_label))
else
mw.log(("Mismatch in category name '%s', should have 'the' in the category but does not"):
format(canon_label))
end
return nil
end
return group, key, spec
end
return nil
end

-- Handler for generic placetypes (those whose categories are added through category generation handlers or through
-- explicit category specs in the placetype data) for known locations in [[Module:place/locations]]. All such
-- placetypes have either a `generic_before_non_cities` setting (meaning they can occur before non-city locations) or
-- `generic_before_cities` setting (meaning they can occur before cities), or both. Examples of such categories are
-- "cities in the Bahamas" or "rivers in Western Australia, Australia", or (for city locations)
-- "neighbourhoods of Hong Kong" or "places in Melbourne".
insert(handlers, function(label)
for _, canon_label in ipairs { lcfirst(label), label } do
local placetype, in_of, place = canon_label:match("^([A-Za-z%- ]-) (in) (.*)$")
if not placetype then
placetype, in_of, place = canon_label:match("^([A-Za-z%- ]-) (of) (.*)$")
end
if placetype then
local normalized_placetype = placetype == "neighbourhoods" and "neighborhoods" or placetype
local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = m_placetypes.get_placetype_data(normalized_placetype, "from category")
if canon_placetype and (ptdata.generic_before_non_cities or ptdata.generic_before_cities) then
local group, key, spec = find_canonical_key_from_place(place, canon_label)
if group then
-- Check whether the location uses British spelling, but also check all containers, because
-- it's too hard to keep in sync the `british_spelling` setting for locations at all different
-- levels (e.g. cities of various countries, first and second level administrative division, etc.),
-- so we just set it at top level on the country.
local uses_british_spelling = spec.british_spelling
if uses_british_spelling == nil then
for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
local must_outer_break = false
for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
must_outer_break = true
break
end
end
if must_outer_break then
break
end
end
end

local allow_cat = true
if placetype == "neighborhoods" and uses_british_spelling or
placetype == "neighbourhoods" and not uses_british_spelling then
mw.log(("Mismatch in spelling of placetype '%s' in category '%s', should be '%s'"):format(
placetype, canon_label, uses_british_spelling and "neighbourhoods" or "neighborhoods"))
allow_cat = false
end
if spec.is_former_place and placetype ~= "places" then
allow_cat = false
end
local expected_prep
if spec.is_city then
expected_prep = ptdata.generic_before_cities
else
expected_prep = ptdata.generic_before_non_cities
end
if not expected_prep then
allow_cat = false
end
if allow_cat then
if expected_prep ~= in_of then
mw.log(("Mismatch in category name '%s', has '%s' when it should have '%s'"):format(
canon_label, in_of, expected_prep))
return nil
end
local linkdesc = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(placetype,
spec.is_city and "city" or "noncity", "return full")
if linkdesc == false then
mw.log(("Display form for placetype %s is false, can't categorize"):format(dump(placetype)))
return nil
end
if not linkdesc then
internal_error("Unrecognized placetype %s when processing key %s, data %s, label %s",
placetype, key, spec, canon_label)
end
desc = linkdesc .. " " .. in_of .. " " .. fetch_or_construct_location_desc(group, key, spec)
desc = "{{{langname}}} " .. desc .. "."
local parents = {}
insert(parents, key)
if spec.no_container_parent then
-- top-level country, constituent country, continent or the like
insert(parents, {name = normalized_placetype, sort = key})
if spec.placetype == "country" or m_table.contains(spec.placetype, "country") then
local category_class = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(normalized_placetype,
function(pt) return m_placetypes.get_placetype_prop(pt, "class") end, {
from_category = true,
no_split_qualifiers = true,
})
if not category_class then
internal_error("Saw placetype %s that is either unknown or has no `class` " ..
"setting in `placetype_data`", normalized_placetype)
end
if class_is_political_division[category_class] == nil then
internal_error("Saw unknown category class %s derived from placetype %s",
category_class, normalized_placetype)
end
if class_is_political_division[category_class] then
insert(parents, "political divisions of specific countries")
end
end
else
local container_iterator = m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
local next_containers = container_iterator()
if next_containers then
for _, container in ipairs(next_containers) do
local container_prep
if container.spec.is_city then
container_prep = ptdata.generic_before_cities
else
container_prep = ptdata.generic_before_non_cities
end
if not container_prep then
internal_error("For container key %s spec %s defines is_city = %s but " ..
"there is no corresponding `generic_before_*` setting in the " ..
"placedata for placetype %s", container.key, container.spec,
container.spec.is_city, placetype)
end
insert(parents, {
name = placetype .. " " .. container_prep .. " " .. m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(
container.key, container.spec),
sort = key
})
end
else
-- unrecognized countries or the like
insert(parents, {name = normalized_placetype, sort = key})
end
end
return {
type = "name",
topic = canon_label,
description = desc,
breadcrumb = placetype,
parents = parents,
}
end
end
end
end
end
end)

-- Handler for "state capitals of the United States", "provincial capitals of Canada", etc. This must precede the next
-- handler for specific political and misc (non-political) divisions of polities and subpolities, such as
-- "provinces of the Philippines", because "departmental capitals" is listed in cat_as for French prefectures and so
-- will trigger an error if that handler runs before this one.
insert(handlers, function(label)
label = lcfirst(label)
local capital_cat, place = label:match("^([a-z%- ]- capitals) of (.*)$")
-- Make sure we recognize the type of capital.
if place and capital_cat_to_placetype[capital_cat] then
local placetype = capital_cat_to_placetype[capital_cat]
local pl_placetype = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(placetype)
-- Locate the container, fetch its known political divisions, and make sure the placetype corresponding to the
-- type of capital is among the list.
local group, key, spec = find_canonical_key_from_place(place, canon_label)
if group and (spec.divs or spec.addl_divs) then
local saw_match = false
local variant_matches = {}
local divlists = {}
if spec.divs then
insert(divlists, spec.divs)
end
if spec.addl_divs then
insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
end
for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
if type(divlist) ~= "table" then
divlist = {divlist}
end
for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
if type(div) == "string" then
div = {type = div}
end
-- HACK. Currently if we don't find a match for the placetype, we map e.g. 'autonomous region'
-- -> 'regional capitals' and 'union territory' -> 'territorial capitals'. When encountering a
-- political division like 'autonomous region' or 'union territory', chop off everything up
-- through a space to make things match. To make this clearer, we record all such
-- "variant match" cases, and down below we insert a note into the category text indicating that
-- such "variant matches" are included among the category.
if pl_placetype == div.type or pl_placetype == div.type:gsub("^.* ", "") then
saw_match = true
if pl_placetype ~= div.type then
insert(variant_matches, div.type)
end
end
end
end
if saw_match then
-- Everything checks out, construct the category description.
local placetype_desc = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(pl_placetype,
placetype.is_city and "city" or "noncity")
if placetype_desc == false then
mw.log(("Display form for pl_placetype %s is false, can't categorize"):format(dump(pl_placetype)))
return nil
end
if not placetype_desc then
internal_error("Unrecognized plural placetype %s, generated as the plural of %s, which " ..
"was found as the placetype of capital placetype %s in label %s", pl_placetype,
placetype, capital_cat, label)
end
local variant_match_text = ""
if variant_matches[1] then
local real_variant_match_descs = {}
for i, variant_match in ipairs(variant_matches) do
local variant_match_desc = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(variant_match,
placetype.is_city and "city" or "noncity")
if variant_match_desc == nil then
internal_error("Unrecognized variant match plural placetype %s, coming from " ..
"place key %s, data %s in label %s", variant_match, key, spec, label)
end
if variant_match_desc then
-- skip those for which the description is `false`, like `ABBREVIATION_OF states`
-- in the United States divs.
insert(real_variant_match_descs, variant_match_desc)
end
end
if real_variant_match_descs[1] then
variant_match_text = " (including " .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(real_variant_match_descs)
.. ")"
end
end
local desc = "{{{langname}}} names of [[wikt:capital|capital]]s of " .. placetype_desc .. variant_match_text ..
" of " .. fetch_or_construct_location_desc(group, key, spec) .. "."
local full_placename, _ = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
local parents = {}
if spec.no_container_parent then
-- top-level country, constituent country, continent or the like
insert(parents, {name = capital_cat, sort = key})
else
local container_iterator = m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
local next_containers = container_iterator()
if next_containers then
for _, container in ipairs(next_containers) do
insert(parents, {
name = capital_cat .. " of " .. m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(
container.key, container.spec),
sort = key
})
end
else
-- unrecognized countries or the like
insert(parents, {name = capital_cat, sort = key})
end
end
insert(parents, key)
return {
type = "name",
topic = label,
description = desc,
breadcrumb = full_placename,
parents = parents,
}
end
end
end
end)

local overriding_category_descriptions = {
["autonomous cities of Spain"] = "the [[w:Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous_cities|autonomous cities of Spain]]",
["regions of Greece"] = "the regions ([[periphery|peripheries]]) of [[wikt:Greece|Greece]]",
["regions of North Macedonia"] = "the regions ([[periphery|peripheries]]) of [[wikt:North Macedonia|North Macedonia]]",
["subprefectures of Japan"] = "[[wikt:subprefecture|subprefecture]]s of [[wikt:Japan|Japan]]ese [[wikt:prefecture|prefecture]]s",
}

-- Handler for specific political and misc (non-political) divisions of locations (polities, subpolities, cities, etc.),
-- such as "provinces of the Philippines", "counties of Wales", "municipalities of Tocantins, Brazil",
-- "boroughs of New York City", etc. This does not handle categories for generic placetypes (cities, rivers, etc.) of
-- locations, which are handled by different handlers above.
insert(handlers, function(label)
-- The label comes with an initial capitalization but we have to check both lowercase-initial and capital-initial
-- versions of the placetype to handle e.g. [[:Category:en:Indian reserves of Canada]].
for _, canon_label in ipairs { label, lcfirst(label) } do
for _, minimal_placetype in ipairs { true, false } do
local match_quantifier = minimal_placetype and "-" or "+"
-- Some categories have two "of"s in them, and depending on the category, it's correct to do either a greedy
-- ([[:Category:en:Abbreviations of states of the United States]], with placetype `abbreviations of states`)
-- or non-greedy ([[:Category:en:Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]], with placetype
-- `provinces`) match. We can't know in advance which is correct so we try both possibilities, doing the
-- non-greedy one first as it seems more common (there are many locations with "of" in them, but currently
-- only `abbreviations of states` occurs with a following location).
local placetype, in_of, place = canon_label:match("^([A-Za-z%- ]" .. match_quantifier .. ") (of) (.*)$")
if not placetype then
placetype, in_of, place = canon_label:match("^([A-Za-z%- ]" .. match_quantifier .. ") (in) (.*)$")
end
if placetype then
local group, key, spec = find_canonical_key_from_place(place, canon_label)
if group then
local function find_placetype(divs)
if divs then
if type(divs) ~= "table" then
divs = {divs}
end
for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
if type(div) == "string" then
div = {type = div}
end
local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
if type(cat_as) ~= "table" then
cat_as = {cat_as}
end
for _, pt_cat_as in ipairs(cat_as) do
if type(pt_cat_as) == "string" then
pt_cat_as = {type = pt_cat_as}
end
if placetype == pt_cat_as.type then
local div_parent = pt_cat_as.container_parent_type
if div_parent == nil then -- allow false
div_parent = div.container_parent_type
end
if div_parent == nil then
div_parent = placetype
end
return div_parent, pt_cat_as.prep or div.prep or "of"
end
end
end
end

return nil
end
local div_parent, div_prep = find_placetype(spec.divs)
if div_parent == nil then -- allow false
div_parent, div_prep = find_placetype(spec.addl_divs)
end
if div_parent == nil then -- allow false
div_parent, div_prep = find_placetype(spec.addl_divs_for_categorization)
end
if div_parent ~= nil then
if div_prep ~= in_of then
mw.log(("Mismatch in category name '%s', has '%s' when it should have '%s'"):format(
canon_label, in_of, div_prep))
return nil
end
local linkdesc = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, spec.is_city and "city" or "noncity",
"return full")
if linkdesc == false then
mw.log(("Display form for placetype %s is false, can't categorize"):format(dump(placetype)))
return nil
end
if not linkdesc then
internal_error("Unrecognized placetype %s when processing key %s, data %s, label %s",
placetype, key, spec, canon_label)
end
local desc = overriding_category_descriptions[canon_label]
if not desc then
desc = linkdesc .. " " .. in_of .. " " .. fetch_or_construct_location_desc(group, key, spec)
end
desc = "{{{langname}}} " .. desc .. "."
local parents = {}
insert(parents, key)
if div_parent then -- div_parent may be `false`
if spec.no_container_parent then
-- top-level country, constituent country, continent or the like
insert(parents, {name = placetype, sort = " " .. key})
if spec.placetype == "country" or m_table.contains(spec.placetype, "country") then
insert(parents, "political divisions of specific countries")
end
else
local container_iterator = m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
local next_containers = container_iterator()
if next_containers then
for _, container in ipairs(next_containers) do
insert(parents, {
name = div_parent .. " " .. in_of .. " " .. m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(
container.key, container.spec),
sort = key
})
end
else
-- unrecognized countries or the like
insert(parents, {name = placetype, sort = " " .. key})
end
end
end
return {
type = "name",
topic = canon_label,
description = desc,
breadcrumb = placetype,
parents = parents,
}
end
end
end
end
end
end)

labels["exonyms"] = {
type = "name",
-- special-cased description
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:exonym|exonym]]s.",
parents = {"places"},
}

labels["political divisions of specific countries"] = {
type = "grouping",
description = "{{{langname}}} categories for political divisions of specific countries.",
parents = {"places"},
}

-- Misc. FIXME: Remove the need for this.
labels["nomes of Ancient Egypt"] = {
type = "name",
-- special-cased description
description = "{{{langname}}} names of the [[wikt:nome|nome]]s of [[wikt:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]].",
breadcrumb = "nomes",
parents = {"Ancient Egypt"},
}

-- Sui generis place categories (mostly cross-jurisdictional subcontinental/transcontinental regions)
-- FIXME: Everything here has been moved from [[Module:category tree/topic/Earth]]. Most should be removed.

labels["Atlantic Ocean"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Earth"},
}

labels["British Isles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the people, culture, or territory of [[wikt:Great Britain|Great Britain]], [[wikt:Ireland|Ireland]], and other nearby islands",
parents = {"Europe", "islands"},
}

labels["European Union"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Europe"},
}

labels["Gascony"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Occitania, France"},
}

labels["Indian subcontinent"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"South Asia"},
}

labels["Bengal"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of [[wikt:Bengal|Bengal]].",
parents = {"Indian subcontinent"},
}

labels["Kashmir"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of [[wikt:Kashmir|Kashmir]].",
parents = {"Indian subcontinent"},
}

labels["Kashmir, India"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} names of places in {{w|Kashmir, India}}.",
parents = {"India", "Kashmir"},
}

labels["Korea"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the people, culture, or territory of [[wikt:Korea|Korea]]",
parents = {"Asia"},
}

labels["Languedoc"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Occitania, France"},
}

labels["Lapland"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:Lapland|Lapland]], a region in northernmost Europe",
parents = {"Europe", "Finland", "Norway", "Russia", "Sweden"},
}

labels["Middle East"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Africa", "Asia"},
}

labels["Netherlands Antilles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the people, culture, or territory of the [[wikt:Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antilles]]",
parents = {"Netherlands", "North America"},
}

labels["Overseas France"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Overseas France}} ({{m|fr||France d'outre-mer}})",
parents = {"France"},
}

labels["Provence"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France"},
}

labels["Polish People's Republic"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Poland"},
}

labels["South Asia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Eurasia", "Asia"},
}

return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers}

Module:category tree/topic/Physical actions

2026-05-22T21:28:56Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["physical actions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["physical impact"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:physical|physical]] [[wikt:impact|impact]] on something",
parents = {"physical actions"},
}

labels["hit"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:hitting|hitting]] something",
parents = {"physical impact"},
}

labels["rub"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:rubbing|rubbing]] something, moving something smooth against something else, in order to make it smooth or clean",
parents = {"physical impact"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/People

2026-05-22T21:28:47Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["people"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human"},
}

labels["female people"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:female|female]] people, i.e. [[woman|women]] and [[wikt:girl|girl]]s",
parents = {"people", "female"},
}

labels["male people"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:male|male]] people, i.e. [[man|men]] and [[wikt:boy|boy]]s",
parents = {"people", "male"},
}

labels["craftsmen"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[craftsman|craftsmen]] or [[wikt:artisan|artisan]]s",
parents = {"occupations", "crafts"},
}

labels["criminals"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"people", "crime"},
}

labels["Celtic tribes"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"tribes", "Ancient Europe"},
}

labels["Adolf Hitler"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=related to {{w|Adolf Hitler}}, leader of [[wikt:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] from 1933 to 1945",
parents = {"individuals", "Nazism"},
}

labels["agricultural occupations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "agriculture"},
}

labels["American demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=American [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in [[wikt:America|America]]",
parents = {"demonyms", "America"},
}

labels["archaeological cultures"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"people", "archaeology"},
}

labels["Armenian demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=Armenian [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in [[wikt:Armenia|Armenia]], as well as Armenian diaspora communities abroad",
parents = {"demonyms", "Armenia"},
}

labels["Australian demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=Australian [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in [[wikt:Australia|Australia]]",
parents = {"demonyms", "Australia"},
}

labels["artists"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "art"},
}

labels["athletes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:athlete|athlete]]s or [[sportsperson|sportspeople]]",
parents = {"occupations", "sports"},
}

labels["authors"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"people", "literature"},
}

labels["Barack Obama"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Barack Obama}}, [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 2009 until 2017",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["babies"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"children"},
}

labels["baby boomers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"generations"},
}

labels["Belarusian demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=Belarusian [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in [[wikt:Belarus|Belarus]]",
parents = {"demonyms", "Belarus"},
}

labels["Benedict Cumberbatch"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=English actor {{w|Benedict Cumberbatch}}",
parents = {"individuals"},
}

labels["Bernie Sanders"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=American politician {{w|Bernie Sanders}}",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["Bill and Hillary Clinton"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[w:Bill Clinton|Bill Clinton]], [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 1993 until 2001, or {{w|Hillary Clinton}}, Democratic presidential candidate in 2016",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["British demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=British [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in the [[wikt:British Isles|British Isles]]",
parents = {"demonyms", "British Isles"},
}

labels["Charles Dickens"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the British author Charles Dickens or his works",
parents = {"authors", "British fiction", "individuals", "literature"},
}

labels["Rudyard Kipling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Rudyard Kipling}}, English [[wikt:novelist|novelist]] and short story writer",
parents = {"individuals", "authors"},
}

labels["children"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:child|child]]ren",
parents = {"youth"},
}

labels["female children"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"children", "female people"},
}

labels["male children"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"children", "male people"},
}

labels["demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, names for an inhabitant of a specific place.",
parents = {"people", "names"},
}

labels["Elon Musk"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=South African-born tech entrepreneur {{w|Elon Musk}}",
parents = {"individuals"},
}

labels["Theodore Roosevelt"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Theodore Roosevelt}}, 27th [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]]",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["Donald Trump"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Donald Trump}}, businessman and [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 2017 to 2021, and since 2025",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["Joe Biden"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Joe Biden}}, [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 2021 to 2025",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["Kamala Harris"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Kamala Harris}}, politician of the [[wikt:United States|United States]]",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["ethnicity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people"},
}

labels["ethnonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ethnonym|ethnonym]]s, names for ethnic groups",
parents = {"people", "names", "ethnicity"},
}

labels["family"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people"},
}

labels["family members"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=members of the [[wikt:family|family]], i.e. [[wikt:relative|relative]]s, [[wikt:in-law|in-law]]s, [[wikt:stepfamily|stepfamily]] and so on",
parents = {"family"},
}

labels["female family members"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:female|female]] members of the [[wikt:family|family]], i. e. [[wikt:relative|relative]]s, [[wikt:in-law|in-law]]s, [[wikt:stepfamily|stepfamily]] and so on",
parents = {"family members", "female people"},
}

labels["male family members"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:male|male]] members of the [[wikt:family|family]], i. e. [[wikt:relative|relative]]s, [[wikt:in-law|in-law]]s, [[wikt:stepfamily|stepfamily]] and so on",
parents = {"family members", "male people"},
}

labels["fans (people)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fan|fan]]s of specific things, such as books, television series, movies, musical artists, etc.",
parents = {"people", "fandom"},
}

labels["George W. Bush"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|George W. Bush}}, [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 2001 to 2009",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["generations"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:demographic|demographic]] [[wikt:generation|generation]]s (e.g. the [[wikt:Silent Generation|Silent Generation]], [[wikt:baby boomer|baby boomer]]s, [[wikt:Generation X|Generation X]])",
parents = {"age", "collectives", "demography", "people", "sociology"},
}

labels["Germanic tribes"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"tribes", "Ancient Europe"},
}

labels["Greek demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=Greek [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in [[wikt:Greece|Greece]]",
parents = {"demonyms", "Greece"},
}

labels["heads of state"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[head of state|heads of state]]",
parents = {"positions of authority", "government"},
}

labels["healthcare occupations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "healthcare"},
}

labels["Herbert Hoover"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Herbert Hoover}}, [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 1929 to 1933, during the start of the [[wikt:Great Depression|Great Depression]]",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["occupations in hospitality"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "hospitality"},
}

labels["individuals"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"people"},
}

labels["Isaac Newton"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Isaac Newton}}, [[wikt:physicist|physicist]] and [[wikt:mathematician|mathematician]] who [[wikt:develop|develop]]ed [[wikt:classical mechanics|classical mechanics]] and (with {{w|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz}}) [[wikt:calculus|calculus]]",
parents = {"scientists", "individuals", "Copernican Revolution"},
}

labels["J. R. R. Tolkien"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=author {{w|J. R. R. Tolkien}} and his works",
parents = {"authors", "British fiction", "fantasy", "individuals", "literature"},
}

labels["Latvian demonyms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=Latvian [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s, i.e., [[wikt:demonym|demonym]]s related to places in [[wikt:Latvia|Latvia]]",
parents = {"demonyms", "Latvia"},
}

labels["leaders"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people"},
}

labels["legal occupations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:occupation|occupation]]s performed by virtue of [[wikt:legal|legal]] [[wikt:education|education]]",
parents = {"occupations", "law"},
}

labels["Lewis Carroll"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms and phrases coined by {{w|Lewis Carroll}}, or otherwise derived from his works.",
parents = {"authors", "British fiction", "fantasy", "individuals", "literature"},
}

labels["Margaret Thatcher"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Margaret Thatcher}}, [[wikt:prime minister|prime minister]] of the [[wikt:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] from 1979 to 1990",
parents = {"individuals", "UK politics"},
}

labels["military ranks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:rank|rank]]s of the [[wikt:military|military]]",
parents = {"positions of authority", "military", "titles"},
}

labels["nationalities"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"demonyms", "people"},
}

labels["millennials"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"generations"},
}

labels["Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi}}, political leader of the Indian independence movement",
parents = {"individuals"},
}

labels["Native Americans"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Canada", "United States"},
}

labels["Native American tribes"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:Native American|Native American]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]]s",
parents = {"Native Americans", "tribes"},
}

labels["nautical occupations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:occupation|occupation]]s performed on ships on sea, thus not comprising [[wikt:dockworker|dockworker]]s",
parents = {"occupations", "nautical"},
}

labels["nobility"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people", "high society"},
}

labels["occupations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:occupation|occupation]]s, in the sense of \"a job\"",
parents = {"people", "work"},
}

labels["parents"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for immediate biological parents, or other people who take on a parenting role.",
parents = {"family members"},
}

labels["siblings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for siblings.",
parents = {"family members"},
}

labels["philosophers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "philosophy"},
}

labels["poets"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"authors", "poetry"},
}

labels["scholars"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations"},
}

labels["positions of authority"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "leaders"},
}

labels["religious occupations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "religion"},
}

labels["Richard Nixon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Richard Nixon}}, [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 1969 to 1974",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["Ronald Reagan"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Ronald Reagan}}, [[wikt:president|president]] of the [[wikt:United States|United States]] from 1981 to 1989",
parents = {"individuals", "US politics"},
}

labels["salespeople"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "sales"},
}

labels["scientists"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "sciences"},
}

labels["servants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations"},
}

labels["slaves"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"servants", "slavery"},
}

labels["The Beatles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|The Beatles}}, an English rock band",
breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key = "Beatles, The",
parents = {"individuals", "musicians"},
}

labels["titles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people"},
}

labels["tribes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"demonyms", "people"},
}

labels["Vladimir Putin"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Vladimir Putin}}, president of [[wikt:Russia|Russia]]",
parents = {"individuals", "Russian politics"},
}

labels["Volodymyr Zelenskyy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|Volodymyr Zelenskyy}}, president of [[wikt:Ukraine|Ukraine]]",
parents = {"individuals", "Ukrainian politics"},
}

labels["William Shakespeare"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the British author William Shakespeare or his works",
parents = {"authors", "individuals"},
}

labels["youth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people", "age"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Numbers

2026-05-22T21:28:45Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["numbers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

for _, number in ipairs {
"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten",
"eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen",
"twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety", "one hundred", "one thousand",
} do
local bare_number = number:gsub("^one ", "")
labels[bare_number] = {
type = "related-to",
description = ("=the number [[wikt:%s|%s]] ([[wikt:etymologically|etymologically]] or [[wikt:semantically|semantically]])"):format(number),
parents = {"numbers"},
}
end

labels["historical numbers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Nature

2026-05-22T21:28:40Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

labels["nature"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["acids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["actinide series chemical elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "actinide series",
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for those chemical elements in the {{w|f-block}} of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]] with [[wikt:atomic number|atomic number]]s from 89 to 103.",
parents = {"chemical elements", "metals", "radioactivity"},
}

labels["air"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"atmosphere"},
}

labels["alkali metals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:alkali metal|alkali metal]]s, chemical elements in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 1 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have one [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]].",
parents = {"chemical elements", "metals"},
}

labels["alkaline earth metals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:alkaline earth metal|alkaline earth metal]]s, chemical elements in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 2, which all have two [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s.",
parents = {"chemical elements", "metals"},
}

labels["alkaloids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"organic compounds"},
}

labels["alloys"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"metals"},
}

labels["aluminium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"boron group elements"},
}

labels["amino acids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carboxylic acids"},
}

labels["animal sounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sounds", "vocalizations"},
}

labels["animal welfare"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms closely associated with [[wikt:animal welfare|animal welfare]].",
parents = {"ethics"},
}

labels["antimatter"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["antimony"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"pnictogens"},
}

labels["argon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"noble gases"},
}

labels["arsenic"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"pnictogens"},
}

labels["astatine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"halogens"},
}

labels["asteroids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["atmosphere"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["atmospheric phenomena"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"atmosphere"},
}

labels["autumn"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"seasons"},
}

labels["barium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkaline earth metals"},
}

labels["baryons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hadrons"},
}

labels["beryllium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkaline earth metals"},
}

labels["birth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"reproduction"},
}

labels["bismuth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"pnictogens"},
}

labels["boron"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"boron group elements"},
}

labels["boron group elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "boron group",
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for chemical elements in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 13 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have three [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s.",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["bosons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"subatomic particles"},
}

labels["bromine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"halogens"},
}

labels["cadmium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["calcium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkaline earth metals"},
}

labels["carbohydrates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"organic compounds"},
}

labels["carbon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbon group elements"},
}

labels["carbon group elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "carbon group",
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for chemical elements in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 14 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have four [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s.",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["carboxylic acids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"acids", "organic compounds"},
}

labels["celestial bodies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for varous [[celestial body|celestial bodies]]; things found in outer space.",
parents = {"space"},
}

labels["cerium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["cesium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkali metals"},
}

labels["chalcogens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for chemical elements in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 16 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have 6 [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s.",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["chemical elements"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["chemical isomers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "physical chemistry", "shapes"},
}

labels["chemical processes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chemical|chemical]] [[wikt:process|process]]es",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["chlorine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"halogens"},
}

labels["chromium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["classical planets"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for the [[wikt:classical planet|classical planet]]s of our Solar System.",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["climate change"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:anthropogenic|anthropogenic]] [[wikt:climate change|climate change]]",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["clouds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"atmospheric phenomena"},
}

labels["coal"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fossil fuels"},
}

labels["cobalt"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["coenzymes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"enzymes"},
}

labels["colors"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"light", "vision"},
}

for _, color_etc in ipairs {
{"black"},
{"blue"},
{"brown"},
{"green"},
{"grey", "[[wikt:grey|grey]] ([[wikt:gray|gray]])"},
{"orange"},
{"pink"},
{"purple"},
{"red"},
{"violet"},
{"white"},
{"yellow"},
} do
local color, desc = unpack(color_etc)
desc = desc or ("[[wikt:%s|%s]]"):format(color)
labels[color .. "s"] = {
type = "set",
description = ("=shades of the [[wikt:color|color]] %s"):format(desc),
parents = {"colors"},
}
end

labels["colors of the rainbow"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:color|color]]s of the [[wikt:rainbow|rainbow]]",
parents = {"colors"},
}

labels["combustion"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical processes"},
}

labels["compass points"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"directions", "navigation"},
}

labels["copper"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["crystal"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "physical chemistry"},
}

labels["darkness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"light"},
}

labels["deuterium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hydrogen", "two", "isotopes"}
}

labels["directions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["distance"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["drugs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "pharmacology"},
}

labels["dryness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"liquids"},
}

labels["dwarf planets of the Solar System"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:dwarf planet|dwarf planet]]s of our [[wikt:Solar System|Solar System]]",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["dyes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "pigments"},
}

labels["energy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["enzymes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"proteins", "catalysis"},
}

labels["europium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["explosives"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "weapons"},
}

labels["eye colors"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:color|color]]s that are mostly or exclusively used of [[wikt:eye|eye]]s",
parents = {"colors", "eye"},
}

labels["fatty acids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carboxylic acids"},
}

labels["fermions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"subatomic particles"},
}

labels["fictional materials"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"science fiction", "materials"},
}

labels["fire"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"combustion", "light sources"},
wp = "Fire",
}

labels["fluorine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"halogens"},
}

labels["fog"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"weather", "water"},
}

labels["fossil fuels"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbon", "energy", "natural resources"},
}

labels["francium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkali metals"},
}

labels["gadolinium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["galaxies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["gallium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"boron group elements"},
}

labels["gases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["germanium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbon group elements"},
}

labels["gold"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["hadrons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"subatomic particles"},
}

labels["hair colors"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:color|color]]s that are mostly or exclusively used of [[wikt:hair|hair]]",
parents = {"colors", "hair"},
}

labels["halogens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 17 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have 7 [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["helium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"noble gases"},
}

labels["heroin"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"recreational drugs"},
}

labels["height"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"distance"},
}

labels["horse colors"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:color|color]]s that are mostly or exclusively used of [[wikt:horse|horse]]s",
parents = {"colors", "horses"},
}

labels["hydrogen"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["hypothetical chemical elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "hypothetical",
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for types or instances of [[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s which have been hypothesized to exist, but not (yet) discovered.",
parents = {"chemical elements", "fictional materials"},
}

labels["ice"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"water"},
}

labels["indium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"boron group elements"},
}

labels["inorganic compounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["iodine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"halogens"},
}

labels["ions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "chemistry", "electricity"},
}

labels["iridium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["iron"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["isotopes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["krypton"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"noble gases"},
}

labels["lanthanide series chemical elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "lanthanide series",
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s in the {{w|f-block}} of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]] with [[wikt:atomic number|atomic number]]s from 57 to 71",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["lanthanum"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["lead"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbon group elements"},
}

labels["length"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"distance"},
}

labels["leptons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fermions"},
}

labels["life"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["light"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"energy"},
}

labels["light sources"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"light"},
}

labels["lightning"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"atmospheric phenomena", "weather", "electricity", "light sources"},
}

labels["liquids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default", -- At what temperature?
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["lithium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkali metals"},
}

labels["magnesium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkaline earth metals"},
}

labels["manganese"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["Mars (planet)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the planet [[wikt:Mars|Mars]]",
parents = {"planets of the Solar System"},
}

labels["marijuana"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hemp family plants", "recreational drugs"},
}

labels["matter"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=physical [[wikt:matter|matter]]",
parents = {"nature", "chemistry"},
}

labels["mercury (element)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["mesons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hadrons"},
}

labels["metalloids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["metals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "metallurgy"},
}

labels["minerals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "mineralogy"},
}

labels["molybdenum"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["moon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:Moon|Moon]], Earth's only natural satellite",
parents = {"nature", "light", "celestial bodies", "moons"},
}

labels["moons"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

for _, planet in ipairs {"Mars", "Haumea", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Neptune", "Uranus", "Pluto"} do
labels["moons of " .. planet] = {
type = "name",
description = ("=[[wikt:moon|moon]]s that orbit [[wikt:%s|%s]]"):format(planet),
parents = {"moons"},
}
end

labels["natural products (Chemistry)"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:organic compound|organic compound]]s produced by living [[wikt:organism|organism]]s",
parents = {"organic compounds"},
}

labels["natural resources"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["neodymium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["neon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"noble gases"},
}

labels["neurotoxins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"poisons", "neuroscience"},
}

labels["nickel"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["niobium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["nitrogen"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"pnictogens"},
}

labels["noble gases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 18 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have a full set of [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s: 2 for helium and 8 for the others",
parents = {"chemical elements", "gases"},
}

labels["organic compounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["osmium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["oxygen"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chalcogens"},
}

labels["palladium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["petroleum"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fossil fuels", "liquids"},
}

labels["pharmaceutical drugs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for [[pharmaceutical#Adjective|pharmaceutical]] [[drug#Noun|drugs]].",
parents = {"drugs"},
}

labels["pharmaceutical effects"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for [[pharmaceutical#Adjective|pharmaceutical]] [[effect#Noun|effects]].",
parents = {"pharmacology"},
}

labels["phosphorus"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"pnictogens"},
}

labels["pigments"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"colors"},
}

labels["planetoids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["planets"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["planets of the Solar System"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:planet|planet]]s of our [[wikt:Solar System|Solar System]]",
parents = {"planets"},
}

labels["platinum"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["Pluto"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the dwarf planet [[wikt:Pluto|Pluto]]",
parents = {"dwarf planets of the Solar System"},
}

labels["pnictogens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]] 15 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which all have 5 [[wikt:valence electron|valence electron]]s",
parents = {"chemical elements"},
}

labels["poisons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter"},
}

labels["potassium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkali metals"},
}

labels["praseodymium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["promethium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["quarks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fermions"},
}

labels["radiation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"energy"},
}

labels["radioactivity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"radiation", "nuclear physics"},
}

labels["radium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkaline earth metals"},
}

labels["radon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"noble gases"},
}

labels["rain"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"weather", "water"},
}

labels["recreational drugs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"drugs"},
}

labels["rhodium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["rubidium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkali metals"},
}

labels["ruthenium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["salt"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"minerals", "condiments"},
}

labels["samarium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"lanthanide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["scandium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["selenium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chalcogens"},
}

labels["shadow"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"darkness"},
}

labels["silence"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sound"},
}

labels["silicon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbon group elements"},
}

labels["silver"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["size"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["snow"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"weather", "water"},
}

labels["sodium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkali metals"},
}

labels["sound"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"energy"},
}

labels["sounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sound"},
}

labels["space"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["spring"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"seasons"},
}

labels["squarks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fermions"},
}

labels["stars"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} names of individual [[wikt:star|star]]s, not including the [[wikt:Sun|Sun]].",
parents = {"celestial bodies"},
}

labels["steel"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"iron", "alloys"},
}

labels["steroids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"organic compounds"},
}

labels["strength"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature", "health"},
}

labels["strontium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alkaline earth metals"},
}

labels["subatomic particles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"matter", "particle physics"},
}

labels["sugar acids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carboxylic acids", "carbohydrates"},
}

labels["sugars"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbohydrates"},
}

labels["sulfur"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chalcogens"},
}

labels["summer"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"seasons"},
}

labels["sun"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:Sun|Sun]]",
parents = {"nature", "light", "celestial bodies"},
}

labels["supposed chemical elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "supposed",
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for types or instances of [[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s which were erroneously identified.",
parents = {"chemical elements", "obsolete scientific theories"},
}

labels["tantalum"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["technetium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["tellurium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chalcogens"},
}

labels["temperature"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature", "weather"},
}

labels["teratogens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"poisons"},
}

labels["thalium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"boron group elements"},
}

labels["thorium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"actinide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["tin"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"carbon group elements"},
}

labels["titanium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["tobacco"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nightshades", "recreational drugs", "smoking"},
}

labels["transition metals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s in [[w:Group (periodic table)|group]]s 3 to 12 of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]], which are also in the {{w|d-block}} of the [[wikt:periodic table|periodic table]] ",
parents = {"chemical elements", "metals"},
}

labels["tritium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hydrogen", "three", "isotopes"},
}

labels["tungsten"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["types of chemical elements"] = {
breadcrumb = "types",
type = "type",
topic = "chemical elements",
description = "=[[wikt:chemical element|chemical element]]s, e.g. metal, nonmetal, noble gas, etc.",
parents = {"chemical elements", "chemistry"},
}

labels["types of planets"] = {
type = "type",
topic = "planets",
description = "=[[wikt:planet|planet]]s",
parents = {"planets"},
}

labels["uranium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"actinide series chemical elements"},
}

labels["vanadium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["vocalizations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sounds", "communication"},
}

labels["water"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"liquids"},
}

labels["waterfalls"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"water"},
}

labels["weather"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"atmosphere"},
}

labels["weight"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"nature"},
}

labels["wetlands"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bodies of water", "ecosystems"},
}

labels["wetness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"liquids"},
}

labels["wind"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"weather"},
}

labels["winter"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"seasons"},
}

labels["xenon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"noble gases"},
}

labels["yttrium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["zinc"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["zirconium"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"transition metals"},
}

labels["exoplanets"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"planets"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Names

2026-05-22T21:28:36Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local handlers = {}

labels["names"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} names for a variety of things.",
additional = "Given names and surnames can be found in [[:Category:Names by language]].",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["letter names"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are the names of letters.",
additional = "Ideally entries should be in a subcategory for the names of letters in a particular script.",
parents = {"names", "letters, symbols, and punctuation"},
}

-- Handler for "SCRIPT letter names".
table.insert(handlers, function(label)
local script = label:match("^(.*) letter names$")
if script then
local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCanonicalName(script)
if sc then
local script_page
local appendix = ("Appendix: %s script"):format(script)
local appendix_title = mw.title.new(appendix)
if appendix_title and appendix_title.exists then
script_page = appendix
else
script_page = "w:" .. sc:getWikipediaArticle()
end
local link = ("[[%s|%s script]]"):format(script_page, script)
return {
type = "name",
description = ("{{{langname}}} terms that serve as names for letters and symbols directly based on letters, " ..
"such as [[wikt:ligature|ligature]]s and letters with [[wikt:diacritic|diacritic]]s, of the %s."):format(link),
parents = {"letter names"},
}
end
end
end)

labels["couple nicknames"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} informal names for pairs of people, especially [[wikt:celebrity|celebrity]] [[wikt:couple|couple]]s.",
additional = "For fictional relationships, see [[:Category:Ships (fandom)]].",
parents = {"nicknames", "people"},
}

labels["named prayers"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:specific|specific]] [[wikt:prayer|prayer]]s",
parents = {"names", "prayer"},
}

labels["nicknames"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are informal names or diminutives of specific entities (people, places, etc.)",
parents = {"names"},
}

labels["nicknames for individuals"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are informal names for specific individuals (e.g. [[wikt:J-Lo|J-Lo]] for singer {{w|Jennifer Lopez}}).",
parents = {"individuals", "nicknames"},
}

labels["sports nicknames"] = {
type = "name",
description = "{{{langname}}} informal names for people or teams involved in sports.",
parents = {"nicknames", "sports"},
}

labels["taxonomic names"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"names", "taxonomy"},
}

return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers}

Module:category tree/topic/Music

2026-05-22T21:28:26Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

------------------------------------ music base labels ------------------------------------

labels["music"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art", "sound"},
}

labels["singing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"music", "talking"},
}

------------------------------------ music theory ------------------------------------

labels["musical voices and registers"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"music", "singing"},
}

labels["musical meters"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"music"},
}

labels["musical notes"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"music"},
}

------------------------------------ musicians ------------------------------------

labels["musicians"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"occupations", "music"},
}

labels["Justin Bieber"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=Canadian singer {{w|Justin Bieber}}",
parents = {"individuals", "music"},
}

labels["Taylor Swift"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=American singer-songwriter {{w|Taylor Swift}}",
parents = {"individuals", "music"},
}

------------------------------------ musical genres ------------------------------------

labels["musical genres"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"music", "genres"},
}

labels["blues music"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 9759,
description = "default",
parents = {"musical genres"},
}

labels["jazz"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"musical genres"},
}

labels["opera"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"theater", "musical genres"},
}

------------------------------------ musical instruments ------------------------------------

labels["musical instruments"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"music"},
}

labels["brass instruments"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"wind instruments"},
}

labels["gongs"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"percussion instruments"},
}

labels["organ instruments"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"wind instruments"},
}

labels["percussion instruments"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"musical instruments"},
}

labels["singing voice synthesis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"musical instruments", "singing"},
}

labels["string instruments"] = {
type = "set",
description = "{{{langname}}} names of [[wikt:string instrument|string instrument]]s.",
parents = {"musical instruments"},
}

labels["wind instruments"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"musical instruments"},
}

labels["woodwind instruments"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"wind instruments"},
}

------------------------------------ music misc ------------------------------------

labels["lutherie"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"music", "crafts"},
}

labels["music industry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"industries", "music"},
}

labels["national anthems"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"artistic works", "music"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Miscellaneous

2026-05-22T21:28:23Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["miscellaneous"] = {
type = "grouping",
description = "{{{langname}}} topics that do not currently fit elsewhere.",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["collectives"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[entity|entities]] involving or consisting of a [[wikt:congregation|congregation]] or [[wikt:membership|membership]]",
parents = {"miscellaneous"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Mathematics

2026-05-22T21:28:20Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["formal sciences"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:formal science|formal science]]s, the study of non-physical systems and abstractions",
parents = {"sciences"},
}

labels["mathematics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"formal sciences"},
}

labels["actuarial notation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["algebra"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["algebraic geometry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"geometry", "algebra"},
}

labels["algebraic topology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"topology", "algebra"},
}

labels["analysis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["applied mathematics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["arithmetic"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics", "applied sciences"},
}

labels["calculus"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematical analysis"},
}

labels["category theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["cellular automata"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics", "theory of computing"},
}

labels["chaos theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"systems theory", "calculus"},
}

labels["circle"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"curves"},
}

labels["coding theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"information theory"},
}

labels["combinatorics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["complex analysis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["curves"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"shapes"},
}

labels["differential geometry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"geometry", "mathematical analysis"},
}

labels["functional analysis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematical analysis"},
}

labels["functions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"algebra", "calculus", "geometry", "mathematical analysis"},
}

labels["fuzzy logic"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"logic"},
}

labels["game theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["geometry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["graph theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics", "visualization"},
}

labels["group theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"algebra"},
}

labels["higher-dimensional geometry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"geometry"},
}

labels["hyperbolic functions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"functions"},
}

labels["information theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"applied mathematics"},
}

labels["linear algebra"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"algebra"},
}

labels["logic"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"formal sciences", "philosophy"},
}

labels["mathematical analysis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["measure theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["number theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["numerical analysis"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"mathematical analysis"},
}

labels["order theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["polygons"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"shapes"},
}

labels["polyhedra"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[polyhedron|polyhedra]], i.e. solid figures with straight edges and flat faces",
parents = {"shapes"},
}

labels["probability theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematical analysis"},
}

labels["ring theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"algebra"},
}

labels["set theory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["shapes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"geometry"},
}

labels["surfaces"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=geometric [[wikt:surface|surface]]s",
parents = {"shapes"},
}

labels["topology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["trigonometry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mathematics"},
}

labels["trigonometric functions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"functions", "trigonometry", "circle"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Lifeforms

2026-05-22T21:28:18Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["lifeforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=forms of [[wikt:life|life]]",
parents = {"all topics", "life"},
}

labels["algae"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[alga|algae]]",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["alveolates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:unicellular|unicellular]] [[wikt:eukaryote|eukaryote]]s in the [[wikt:superphylum|superphylum]] [[wikt:Alveolata|Alveolata]]",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["bacteria"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[bacterium|bacteria]]",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["blue-green algae"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:photosynthetic|photosynthetic]] [[wikt:bacteria|bacteria]], also known as [[wikt:cyanobacteria|cyanobacteria]], which were formerly classified as [[wikt:algae|algae]]",
parents = {"bacteria", "algae"},
}

labels["brown algae"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:badderlocks|badderlocks]], [[wikt:gulfweed|gulfweed]], [[wikt:kelp|kelp]], [[wikt:wakame|wakame]], and other algae in the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Phaeophyceae|Phaeophyceae]]",
parents = {"algae"},
}

labels["castrated animals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"livestock", "male animals", "castration"},
}

labels["euagarics"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amanita|amanita]]s, [[wikt:armillaria|armillaria]]s, [[wikt:bird's nest fungus|bird's nest fungus]], [[wikt:blewit|blewit]]s, [[wikt:button mushroom|button mushroom]]s, [[wikt:cortinar|cortinar]]s, [[wikt:enoki|enoki]], [[wikt:field mushroom|field mushroom]]s, [[wikt:inkcap|inkcap]]s, [[wikt:matsutake|matsutake]], [[wikt:nameko|nameko]], [[wikt:oyster mushroom|oyster mushroom]]s, [[wikt:psilocybe|psilocybe]]s, [[wikt:puffball|puffball]]s, [[wikt:shiitake|shiitake]], [[wikt:shimeji|shimeji]], [[wikt:straw mushroom|straw mushroom]]s, [[wikt:sulfur tuft|sulfur tuft]]s, [[wikt:waxy cap|waxy cap]]s and other [[wikt:gill|gill]]ed [[wikt:mushroom|mushroom]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Agaricales|Agaricales]]",
parents = {"mushrooms"},
}

labels["foraminifera"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=single-celled [[wikt:organism|organism]]s in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] or [[wikt:subphylum|subphylum]] [[wikt:Foraminifera|Foraminifera]]",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["fungi"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["green algae"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=algae in the [[wikt:division|division]]s [[wikt:Charophyta|Charophyta]] and [[wikt:Chlorophyta|Chlorophyta]]",
parents = {"algae"},
}

labels["larvae"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"insects", "baby animals"},
}

labels["lichens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:lichen|lichen]]s, composite organisms consisting of fungi and algae living together symbiotically",
parents = {"lifeforms", "algae", "fungi"},
}

labels["livestock"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals", "agriculture"},
}

labels["mushrooms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fungi"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["oomycetes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fungus|fungus]]-like organisms in the class [[wikt:Oomycota|Oomycota]]",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["parasites"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["Pezizales order fungi"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:brain mushroom|brain mushroom]]s, [[wikt:elfin saddle|elfin saddle]]s, [[wikt:common brown cup|common brown cup]]s, [[wikt:false morel|false morel]]s, [[wikt:hare's ear|hare's ear]]s, [[wikt:lorchel|lorchel]]s, [[wikt:morel|morel]]s, [[wikt:truffle|truffle]]s, [[wikt:turban-top|turban-top]]s, and other [[wikt:ascomycete|ascomycete]] [[wikt:fungi|fungi]] in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Pezizales|Pezizales]]",
parents = {"fungi", "mushrooms"},
}

labels["poultry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds", "livestock"},
}

labels["protists"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["red algae"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:dulse|dulse]], [[wikt:laver|laver]], [[wikt:Irish moss|Irish moss]], and other algae in the [[wikt:division|division]] [[wikt:Rhodophyta|Rhodophyta]]",
parents = {"algae"},
}

labels["viroids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["viruses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
}

labels["yeasts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fungi"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Human

2026-05-22T21:28:11Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["human"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:human being|human being]]s",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["3D printing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"manufacturing", "printing"},
}

labels["abuse"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"violence"},
}

labels["alcoholism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"drinking"},
}

labels["amateur radio"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hobbies", "radio"},
}

labels["ASMR"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|autonomous sensory meridian response}}",
parents = {"psychology", "sound", "talking"},
}

labels["autism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"neurodivergency"},
}

labels["beekeeping"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"agriculture"},
}

labels["betting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"gambling"},
}

labels["birdwatching"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "{{{langname}}} jargon used by [[wikt:birdwatcher|birdwatcher]]s to describe [[wikt:bird|bird]]s, normally for the purpose of abbreviation.",
parents = {"hobbies"},
}

labels["birthstones"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"gems"},
}

labels["breastfeeding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"babies", "body", "female", "human behaviour"},
}

labels["bricks"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"building materials"},
}

labels["building materials"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials", "construction"},
}

labels["capital punishment"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"criminal law", "death"},
}

labels["ceramics"] = {
type = "type,related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["cheating"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"deception"},
}

labels["clerical vestments"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing", "Christianity"},
}

labels["clothing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human"},
}

labels["coats"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["conflict"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour", "society"},
}

labels["crossdressing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing", "gender"},
}

labels["crowds"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"people"},
}

labels["crying"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"reflexes", "sadness", "vocalizations"},
}

labels["deception"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour", "ethics"},
}

labels["deltiology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hobbies"},
}

labels["diapers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["drinking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["eating"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["eating disorders"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mental health", "eating"},
}

labels["eyewear"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing", "eye", "vision"},
}

labels["fabrics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["fibers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["fishing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity"},
}

labels["footwear"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["friendship"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour", "virtue"},
}

labels["gems"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"jewelry", "mineralogy"},
}

labels["giving"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"virtue"},
}

labels["glass"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["gums and resins"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:gum|gum]]s and [[wikt:resin|resin]]s",
parents = {"materials", "botany"},
}

labels["handwear"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["headwear"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["hides"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=the skins of animals, used as materials",
parents = {"materials", "leatherworking"},
}

labels["hobbies"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"recreation"},
}

labels["hobbyists"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"hobbies"},
}

labels["human activity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=activities performed by [[wikt:human|human]]s",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["human behaviour"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=behaviours and activities of [[wikt:human|human]]s",
parents = {"human"},
}

labels["human migration"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["hunting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity"},
}

labels["jewelry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["juggling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["kilts"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["knowledge"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["kite flying"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=flying [[wikt:kite|kite]]s",
parents = {"hobbies"},
}

labels["laughter"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"reflexes", "happiness"},
}

labels["lying"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"deception", "truth"},
}

labels["machining"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"manufacturing"},
}

labels["manias"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["manufacturing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity"},
}

labels["massage"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"recreation"},
}

labels["materials"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"manufacturing"},
}

labels["multiplicity (psychology)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the psychological condition of [[w:Multiplicity (psychology)|multiplicity]]",
parents = {"psychology"},
}

labels["murder"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"violence", "death", "crime"},
}

labels["natural materials"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials", "nature"},
}

labels["neckwear"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["neurodivergency"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mental health", "psychology", "disability"},
}

labels["pants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["paper"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["paper sizes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"paper"},
}

labels["perfumery"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"smell"},
}

labels["philately"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:stamp collecting|stamp collecting]]",
parents = {"hobbies"},
}

labels["photography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity", "media", "art"},
}

labels["plastic"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"materials", "polymer"},
}

labels["polymer"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"matter", "organic chemistry", "physical chemistry"},
}

labels["puppets"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"toys"},
}

labels["recreation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=activities other than the traditional arts and entertainment that people use for [[wikt:recreation|recreation]]",
parents = {"human activity", "culture"},
}

labels["reflexes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["robes and cloaks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["rocks"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"natural materials", "geology"},
}

labels["scrapbooks"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hobbies", "books"},
}

labels["secrecy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour", "ethics"},
}

labels["self-harm"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mental health", "injuries"},
}

labels["skating"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity", "winter sports"},
}

labels["skirts"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["smoking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["spinning tops"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"toys"},
}

labels["swimwear"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing", "swimming"},
}

labels["tapes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["textiles"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"materials"},
}

labels["torture"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"violence"},
}

labels["tourism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"travel"},
}

labels["toys"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"recreation"},
}

labels["trading cards"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hobbies"},
}

labels["travel"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity", "transport"},
}

labels["truth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"knowledge"},
}

labels["two-up"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"gambling"},
}

labels["underwear"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"clothing"},
}

labels["vegetarianism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"diets", "human behaviour"},
}

labels["videography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity", "media", "art"},
}

labels["violence"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human behaviour"},
}

labels["women"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"female", "female people", "feminism"},
}

labels["weightlifting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"exercise", "sports"},
}

labels["winter activities"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity", "winter"},
}

labels["wisdom"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"knowledge", "virtue"},
}

labels["witchcraft"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"religion"},
}

labels["woods"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"natural materials", "trees"},
}

labels["work"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human activity"},
}

labels["yoga"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"exercise"},
}

labels["yoga poses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=''[[wikt:asana|asana]]s'' or [[wikt:Yoga|Yoga]] [[wikt:pose|pose]]s",
parents = {"yoga"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/History

2026-05-22T21:28:10Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

labels["history"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["Akkad"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Near East"},
}

labels["American Civil War"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"wars", "history of the United States", "slavery"},
}

labels["American Revolution"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"revolutions", "wars", "history of the United States"},
}

labels["Ancient Africa"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:ancient|ancient]] [[wikt:Africa|Africa]]",
parents = {"ancient history", "history of Africa"},
}

labels["Ancient Asia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:ancient|ancient]] [[wikt:Asia|Asia]]",
parents = {"ancient history", "history of Asia"},
}

labels["Ancient Egypt"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:ancient|ancient]] [[wikt:Egypt|Egypt]]",
parents = {"Ancient Africa", "Ancient Near East", "history of Egypt"},
}

labels["ancient history"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"history"},
}

labels["Ancient Europe"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:ancient|ancient]] [[wikt:Europe|Europe]]",
parents = {"ancient history", "history of Europe"},
}

labels["Ancient Greece"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Near East", "Ancient Europe", "history of Greece"},
}

labels["Ancient Near East"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"ancient history", "Ancient Asia"},
}

labels["Ancient Rome"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Europe", "Ancient Africa", "ancient history", "Ancient Near East", "history of Italy"},
}

labels["Assyria"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Near East"},
}

labels["atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"World War II", "nuclear warfare", "history of Japan", "history of the United States"},
}

labels["Babylonia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Near East"},
}

labels["Chinese Civil War"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"wars", "history of China"},
}

labels["Chinese dynasties"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default wikify no singularize",
parents = {"dynasties", "history of China"},
}

labels["Chinese era names"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default wikify",
parents = {"historical periods", "history of China"},
}

labels["Cold War"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"wars", "Soviet Union", "history of the United States", "history of Europe", "nuclear warfare"},
}

labels["Copernican Revolution"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"history of science", "historical events", "astronomy", "cosmology"},
}

labels["Cultural Revolution"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"historical events", "history of China"},
}

labels["dynasties"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"historical periods"},
}

labels["Etruria"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Europe", "history of Italy"},
}

labels["French Revolution"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"revolutions", "history of France", "monarchy"},
}

labels["genealogy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"history", "genetics"},
}

labels["heraldic charges"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"heraldry"},
}

labels["heraldic tinctures"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"heraldry", "colors"},
}

labels["heraldry"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"history"},
}

labels["historical events"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"history"},
}

labels["historical periods"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {{name = "history", sort = "periods"}, "timekeeping"},
}

labels["historiography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"history"},
}

for _, country_parent in ipairs {
{"Afghanistan", "history of Asia"},
{"Africa"},
{"Albania", "history of Europe"},
{"Algeria", "history of Africa"},
{"Armenia", {"history of Europe", "history of Asia"}},
{"Asia"},
{"Australia", "history of Oceania"},
{"Austria", "history of Europe"},
{"Bangladesh", "history of Asia"},
{"Belarus", "history of Europe"},
{"Belgium", "history of Europe"},
{"Bosnia and Herzegovina", "history of Europe"},
{"Bulgaria", "history of Europe"},
{"Canada", "history of North America"},
{"Chile", "history of South America"},
{"China", "history of Asia"},
{"Croatia", "history of Europe"},
{"Denmark", "history of Europe"},
{"Egypt", {"history of Africa", "history of Asia"}},
{"Estonia", "history of Europe"},
{"Europe"},
{"Finland", "history of Europe"},
{"France", "history of Europe"},
{"Germany", "history of Europe"},
{"Greece", {"history of Europe", "history of Asia"}},
{"Hong Kong", "history of China"},
{"Hungary", "history of Europe"},
{"India", "history of Asia"},
{"Indonesia", "history of Asia"},
{"Iran", "history of Asia"},
{"Ireland", "history of Europe"},
{"Israel", "history of Asia"},
{"Italy", "history of Europe"},
{"Japan", "history of Asia"},
{"Jordan", "history of Asia"},
{"Korea", "history of Asia"},
{"Latvia", "history of Europe"},
{"Liechtenstein", "history of Europe"},
{"Lithuania", "history of Europe"},
{"Luxembourg", "history of Europe"},
{"Malaysia", "history of Asia"},
{"Malta", "history of Europe"},
{"Monaco", "history of Europe"},
{"Mexico", "history of North America"},
{"New Zealand", "history of Oceania"},
{"Norway", "history of Europe"},
{"North America"},
{"North Macedonia", "history of Europe"},
{"Oceania"},
{"Poland", "history of Europe"},
{"Portugal", "history of Europe"},
{"Romania", "history of Europe"},
{"Russia", "history of Europe"},
{"San Marino", "history of Europe"},
{"Saudi Arabia", "history of Asia"},
{"Serbia", "history of Europe"},
{"Slovakia", "history of Europe"},
{"South America"},
{"Spain", "history of Europe"},
{"Sudan", "history of Africa"},
{"Suriname", "history of South America"},
{"Sweden", "history of Europe"},
{"Switzerland", "history of Europe"},
{"Taiwan", "history of Asia"},
{"Thailand", "history of Asia"},
{"the Czech Republic", "history of Europe", "Czech Republic"},
{"the Netherlands", "history of Europe", "Netherlands"},
{"the Philippines", "history of Asia", "Philippines"},
{"the United Kingdom", "history of Europe", "United Kingdom"},
{"the United States", nil, "United States"},
{"Tunisia", "history of Africa"},
{"Turkey", {"history of Asia", "history of Europe"}},
{"Ukraine", "history of Europe"},
{"Vietnam", "history of Asia"},
{"Yemen", "history of Asia"},
} do
local country, parent, country_parent_form = unpack(country_parent)
if not parent then
parent = {"history"}
elseif type(parent) ~= "table" then
parent = {parent}
end
table.insert(parent, country_parent_form or country)
labels["history of " .. country] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify no singularize",
parents = parent,
}
end

labels["history of science"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"history", "sciences"},
}

labels["Mughal Empire"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"former polities", "history of India"},
}

labels["Napoleonic Wars"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"wars", "history of France"},
}

labels["nuclear warfare"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"war", "weapons"},
}

labels["Ottoman Empire"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"former polities", "history of Africa", "history of Asia", "history of Europe", "history of Turkey"}, -- removed: Near East
}

labels["Phoenicia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Near East"},
}

labels["revolutions"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"historical events", "conflict", "violence"},
}

labels["Second Sino-Japanese War"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"wars", "World War II", "history of China", "history of Japan"},
}

labels["Sumer"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"Ancient Near East"},
}

labels["Trojan War"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"wars", "history of Greece"},
}

labels["Vietnam War"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"wars", "history of Vietnam"},
}

labels["Vietnamese dynasties"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default wikify no singularize",
parents = {"dynasties", "history of Vietnam"},
}

labels["war"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"military", "conflict", "violence"},
}

labels["wars"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"war", "historical events"},
}

labels["types of wars"] = {
type = "type",
topic = "wars",
description = "=[[wikt:war|war]]s",
parents = {"wars"},
}

labels["World War I"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"wars", "history of Europe"},
}

labels["World War II"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"wars", "history of Europe", "history of Asia", "history of Africa"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Games

2026-05-22T21:28:09Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"recreation"},
}

labels["gaming"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:gaming|gaming]] terminology",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["role-playing games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:role-playing game|role-playing game]] mechanics, whether tabletop or [[:Category:{{{langcode}}}:Video games|video game]]",
additional = "These games also employ many terms from [[:Category:{{{langcode}}}:Fantasy]].",
parents = {"games"},
}

-- ==Real-world games==

labels["children's games"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:children|children]]'s [[wikt:game|game]]s",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["playground games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=games commonly played by children in a playground setting",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["hand games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["rock paper scissors"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hand games"},
}

labels["darts"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["billiards"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["bingo"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["bowling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["bowls (game)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["gambling"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["pinball"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["Rubik's Cube"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the wikify",
parents = {"games", "toys"},
}

labels["snooker"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["quiz competitions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["crosswording"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games", "hobbies"},
}

-- ==Card games==

labels["card games"] = {
type = "set,related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

-- ===Collectible card games===

labels["collectible card games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|collectible card games}} (also known as ''trading card games''), such as ''Magic: The Gathering''",
parents = {"card games"},
}

labels["Magic: The Gathering"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Magic: The Gathering''",
description = "=the trading card game ''{{w|Magic: The Gathering}}''",
parents = {"collectible card games"},
}

--

labels["cribbage"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"card games"},
}

labels["bridge"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:game|game]] of [[wikt:bridge|bridge]]",
parents = {"card games"},
}

labels["dou dizhu"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=''{{w|dou dizhu}}''",
parents = {"card games", "gambling"},
}

labels["Go-Stop"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"card games", "gambling"},
}

labels["hanafuda"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=''{{w|hanafuda}}'', a kind of Japanese playing cards",
parents = {"card games"},
}

labels["karuta"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:game|game]] of [[wikt:karuta|karuta]]",
parents = {"card games"},
}

labels["poker"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"card games", "gambling"},
}

labels["stýrivolt"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"card games"},
}

-- Tabletop games

labels["tabletop games"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"games"},
}

labels["dice games"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"tabletop games"},
}

labels["dominoes"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the game of [[wikt:domino|domino]]es",
parents = {"tabletop games"},
}

labels["mahjong"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"tabletop games"},
}

labels["Dungeons & Dragons"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Dungeons & Dragons''",
description = "=the tabletop game ''{{w|Dungeons & Dragons}}'' ",
parents = {"tabletop games", "fantasy", "role-playing games"},
}

-- Board Games

labels["board games"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"tabletop games"},
}

-- ===Chess===

labels["chess"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"board games"},
}

labels["chess openings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chess"},
}

labels["checkmate patterns"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chess"},
}

labels["computer chess"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chess"},
}

labels["backgammon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"board games"},
}

labels["go"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the board game {{l|en|go|id=game}}",
parents = {"board games"},
}

labels["Monopoly"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Monopoly''",
description = "=the game ''[[w:Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]]''",
parents = {"board games"},
}

labels["Scrabble"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Scrabble''",
description = "=the game ''[[wikt:Scrabble|Scrabble]]''",
parents = {"board games"},
}

labels["shogi"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"board games"},
}

labels["tiddlywinks"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the game of [[wikt:tiddlywinks|tiddlywinks]]",
parents = {"tabletop games"},
}

labels["Warhammer"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Warhammer''",
description = "=the ''[[w:Warhammer#Warhammer media franchise|Warhammer]]'' media franchise",
parents = {"board games", "fantasy", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction"},
}

labels["xiangqi"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"board games"},
}

-- ==Video Games==

labels["video games"] = {
type = "type,related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:video game|video game]]s",
parents = {"mass media", "games", "software"},
}

labels["video game genres"] = {
type = "type",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:genre|genre]]s of [[wikt:video game|video game]]s.",
parents = {"video games", "genres"},
}

labels["speedrunning"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 1500337,
description = "default",
parents = {"video games"},
}

labels["Baldur's Gate"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Baldur's Gate''",
description = "=the ''{{w|Baldur's Gate}}'' video game franchise",
parents = {"video games", "Dungeons & Dragons", "fantasy"},
}

labels["Dragon Age"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Dragon Age''",
description = "=the ''{{w|Dragon Age}}'' video game franchise",
parents = {"video games", "Canadian fiction", "fantasy"},
}

labels["FromSoftware"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=Japanese software developer {{w|FromSoftware}} and video games it has produced, including ''{{w|Dark Souls}}'', ''{{w|Bloodborne}}'', and ''{{w|Elden Ring}}''",
parents = {"Japanese fiction", "fantasy", "video games"},
}

labels["Mass Effect (franchise)"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Mass Effect'' (franchise)",
description = "=the ''{{w|Mass Effect}}'' video game franchise",
parents = {"video games", "Canadian fiction", "science fiction"},
}

labels["Minecraft"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Minecraft''",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Minecraft}}'' video game franchise.",
parents = {"video games", "Microsoft"},
}

labels["Roblox"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the online game platform and game creation system [[wikt:Roblox|Roblox]]",
parents = {"video games"},
}

labels["Tetris"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''Tetris''",
description = "=the video game ''[[wikt:Tetris|Tetris]]''",
parents = {"video games"},
}

labels["The Sims"] = {
type = "related-to",
displaytitle = "''The Sims''",
description = "=the ''{{w|The Sims}}'' video game franchise",
parents = {"video games"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Food and drink

2026-05-22T21:28:07Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["food and drink"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:food|food]] and [[wikt:drink|drink]]",
additional = "Entries about specific foods or beverages should go in an appropriate subcategory.",
parents = {"all topics"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["alcohol production"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcoholic beverages"},
}

labels["alcoholic beverages"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"beverages", "recreational drugs"},
}

labels["animal foods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"food and drink"},
}

labels["apple cultivars"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"fruits", "pome fruits"},
}

labels["baking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"cooking"},
}

labels["banana cultivars"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"fruits", "Zingiberales order plants"},
}

labels["beer"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcoholic beverages"},
}

labels["berries"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fruits"},
}

labels["beverages"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"food and drink", "drinking", "liquids"},
}

labels["breads"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["breakfast cereals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["brewing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcohol production"},
}

labels["cakes and pastries"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cake|cake]]s and [[pastry|pastries]]",
parents = {"foods", "desserts"},
}

labels["cheeses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods", "dairy products"},
}

labels["cherry cultivars"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"Prunus genus plants", "fruits"},
}

labels["chocolate"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sweets"},
}

labels["cocktails"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcoholic beverages"},
}

labels["coffee"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"beverages"},
}

labels["condiments"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["cooking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"food and drink"},
}

labels["cuts of meat"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cut|cut]]s of [[wikt:meat|meat]]",
parents = {"meats"},
}

labels["dairy products"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"food and drink"},
}

labels["date varieties"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
wp = {"List of date cultivars"},
parents = {"fruits", "palm trees"},
}

labels["desserts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["dim sum"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"food and drink", "China"},
}

labels["diets"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=diets, including ones intended for weight loss and ones based on religious, cultural, or philosophical traditions and principles",
parents = {"food and drink"},
}

labels["distilled beverages"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcoholic beverages"},
}

labels["cannabis edibles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cannabis|cannabis]] [[wikt:edible|edible]]s",
parents = {"marijuana", "food and drink"},
wp = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["fats and oils"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fat|fat]]s and [[wikt:oil|oil]]s",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["foods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"food and drink", "eating"},
}

labels["fruits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods", "plants"},
}

labels["grains"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods", "grasses"},
}

labels["grape cultivars"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"grapevines", "wines"},
}

labels["honey"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"beekeeping", "condiments"},
}

labels["ice cream"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

-- FIXME, rename to 'types of kimchi'
labels["kimchi"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods", "Korea"},
}

labels["liqueurs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcoholic beverages"},
}

labels["maize (food)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:maize|maize]] (called [[wikt:corn|corn]] in North America) as a [[wikt:food|food]]",
additional = "For terms related to maize as a crop, see [[:Category:Maize (crop)]] and for maize as a plant, see [[:Category:Maize (plant)]].",
parents = {"foods", "grains"},
}

labels["mate"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"beverages"},
}

labels["meals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["meats"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["milk"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"beverages", "dairy products", "bodily fluids"},
}

labels["nuts"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=culinary [[wikt:nut|nut]]s, including those that are not nuts in the botanical sense",
parents = {"foods", "plants"},
wpcat = "Edible nuts and seeds",
commonscat = true,
}

labels["pasta"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["pear cultivars"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"fruits", "pome fruits"},
}

labels["pies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:pie|pie]]s",
parents = {"foods", "desserts"},
}

labels["pizza"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["plant milk"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"milk", "vegetarianism"},
}

labels["potatoes"] = {
type = "type,related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:potato|potato]]es",
parents = {"nightshades", "solanums", "root vegetables"},
}

labels["root vegetables"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=roots, both true roots such as [[wikt:carrot|carrot]]s, [[wikt:turnip|turnip]]es, and [[wikt:sweet potato|sweet potato]]es, and root-like non-roots, such as [[wikt:potato|potato]]es, [[wikt:ginseng|ginseng]], and [[wikt:arrowhead|arrowhead]]s",
parents = {"vegetables"},
}

labels["salads"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["salad dressings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"sauces"},
}

labels["salted and pickled foods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:salted|salted]] or [[wikt:pickled|pickled]] foods",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["sandwiches"] = {
type = "type,name",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["sauces"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["sausages"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"meats"},
}

labels["seafood"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["seasonings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["seeds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods", "plants", "agriculture"},
}

labels["snacks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["soups"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["spices"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"spices and herbs"},
}

labels["spices and herbs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["sushi"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods", "Japan"},
}

labels["sweets"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"foods"},
}

labels["tableware"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=any instruments used in the process of eating and drinking such as [[wikt:cutlery|cutlery]] and [[wikt:container|container]]s (eg. plates, bowls or glasses)",
parents = {"food and drink"},
}

labels["tea"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"beverages"},
}

labels["vegetables"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:vegetable|vegetable]]s: the edible parts of plants that are not considered in a culinary sense to be [[wikt:fruit|fruit]]s, [[wikt:grain|grain]]s, or [[wikt:spice|spice]]s",
parents = {"foods", "plants"},
}

labels["wine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"alcoholic beverages"},
}

labels["wines"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"wine"},
}

labels["wine bottles"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"wine"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Culture

2026-05-22T21:28:04Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["culture"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"society"},
}

labels["A Christmas Carol"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 62879,
displaytitle = "''A Christmas Carol''",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used in the context of the tale ''{{w|A Christmas Carol}}'', by {{w|Charles Dickens}}, such as the names of its characters or author.",
parents = {"British fiction", "Charles Dickens"},
}

labels["A Song of Ice and Fire"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 45875,
displaytitle = "''A Song of Ice and Fire''",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used in context of the ''{{w|Song of Ice and Fire}}'' novel series and its television adaptation ''{{w|Game of Thrones}}''.",
parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"},
}

labels["acting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art"},
}

labels["alternate history"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"speculative fiction", "history"},
}

labels["American fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=works of American fiction",
parents = {"fiction", "United States"},
}

labels["animation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mass media"},
}

labels["Arabic fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=works of [[wikt:fiction|fiction]] of [[wikt:Arabic|Arabic]] origin",
parents = {"fiction"},
}

labels["Arabian deities"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"gods", "Arabian mythology"},
}

labels["Arabian mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology"},
}

labels["Armenian mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Armenia"},
}

labels["art"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"culture"},
}

labels["Arthurian mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "United Kingdom"},
}

labels["artistic works"] = {
type = "name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"art"},
}

labels["astrobiology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"astronomy", "biology", "geology"},
}

labels["astrology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"divination", "pseudoscience", "obsolete scientific theories"},
}

labels["Asturian mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Asturias, Spain"},
}

labels["Avatar: The Last Airbender"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 11572,
displaytitle = "''Avatar: The Last Airbender''",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|Avatar: The Last Airbender}}'' and its spin-off ''{{w|The Legend of Korra}}''.",
parents = {"American fiction", "animation"},
}

labels["Australian Aboriginal mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Australia"},
}

labels["ballet"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"dance"},
}

labels["Barbie"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 167447,
description = "=the {{w|Barbie}} fashion doll produced by Mattel",
parents = {"toys"},
}

labels["Batman"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 2695156,
description = "=the fictional [[wikt:superhero|superhero]] [[wikt:Batman|Batman]]",
parents = {"DC Comics", "fictional characters"},
}

labels["bibliography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"books"},
}

labels["Bilibili"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 3077586,
description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|bilibili}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["blogging"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"social media"},
}

labels["Bluesky"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 78194383,
description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Bluesky}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["body art"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art", "fashion"},
}

labels["Bollywood"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 93196,
description = "default",
parents = {"film", "India"},
}

labels["books"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mass media", "literature"},
}

labels["books of the Poetic Edda"] = {
type = "name",
displaytitle = "books of the ''Poetic Edda''",
description = "=[[wikt:book|book]]s of the ''[[wikt:Poetic Edda|Poetic Edda]]''",
parents = {"Norse mythology"},
}

labels["Brazilian folklore"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"folklore", "Brazil"},
}

labels["British fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=works of [[wikt:fiction|fiction]] of [[wikt:British|British]] origin",
parents = {"fiction", "United Kingdom"},
}

labels["Buffy the Vampire Slayer"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 183513,
displaytitle = "''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''",
description = "=the television series ''{{w|Buffy the Vampire Slayer}}'' (1997–2003)",
parents = {"American fiction", "television", "vampires"},
}

labels["Canadian fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=works of [[wikt:fiction|fiction]] of [[Canada|Canadian]] origin",
parents = {"fiction", "Canada"},
}

labels["calligraphy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art", "writing"},
}

labels["cartomancy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"divination"},
}

labels["castells"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:castell|castell]]s, the Catalan tradition of human tower building",
additional = "See {{w|castells}}.",
parents = {"culture", "sports"},
}

labels["celestial inhabitants"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=inhabitants of known [[celestial body|celestial bodies]]",
parents = {"fictional characters", "science fiction", "demonyms"},
}

labels["Celtic mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Ireland", "Wales"},
}

labels["characters from folklore"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fictional characters", "folklore"},
}

labels["cheerleading"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"dance", "gymnastics", "sports"},
}

labels["Church of England"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"Anglicanism", "England"},
}

labels["Chinese fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=works of [[wikt:fiction|fiction]], including [[wikt:anime|anime]]s, [[wikt:manhua|manhua]]s, [[wikt:novel|novel]]s, [[wikt:series|series]] and [[wikt:video game|video game]]s, whose origin is of [[wikt:China|China]]",
parents = {"fiction", "China"},
}

labels["Chinese mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "China"},
}

labels["cinematography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"film"},
}

labels["circus"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"entertainment", "theater"},
}

labels["comedy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"drama"},
}

labels["comics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"literature"},
}

-- Confucianism: see [[Module:category tree/topic/Philosophy]]

labels["conlanging"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:conlanging|conlanging]] (the making of [[wikt:constructed language|constructed language]]s)",
parents = {"language", "culture"},
}

labels["conspiracy theories"] = {
type = "related-to,set",
description = "=[[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] and theorists",
parents = {"culture"},
}

labels["constellations in the zodiac"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=the ring of [[wikt:constellations|constellations]] that line the [[wikt:ecliptic|ecliptic]], the apparent path of the [[wikt:Sun|Sun]] across the [[wikt:celestial sphere|celestial sphere]] over the course of a year",
parents = {"constellations", "astrology"},
}

labels["cosmetics"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"toiletries", "fashion"},
}

labels["cosplay"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fandom"},
}

labels["dance"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art", "recreation"},
}

labels["dances"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"dance"},
}

labels["DC Comics"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 2924461,
description = "={{w|DC Comics}}",
parents = {"American fiction", "comics"},
}

labels["demoscene"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"culture", "computing"},
}

labels["design"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art"},
}

labels["dictionaries"] = {
type = "type,name",
description = "default",
parents = {"reference works", "lexicography"},
}

labels["Disney"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 7414,
description = "=the properties of {{w|The Walt Disney Company}}",
additional = "This includes properties acquired jointly with or from other companies.",
parents = {"American fiction", "comics", "film", "television"},
}

labels["divination"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"occult"},
}

labels["Doctor Who"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 34316,
displaytitle = "''Doctor Who''",
description = "=the ''{{w|Doctor Who}}'' franchise",
parents = {"British fiction", "science fiction", "television"},
}

labels["Dracula"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 41542,
displaytitle = "''Dracula''",
description = "=the 1897 gothic horror novel ''{{w|Dracula}}'' by {{w|Bram Stoker}}, and its cultural derivations.",
parents = {"fantasy", "literature", "vampires"},
}

labels["dragons"] = {
type = "related-to,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythological creatures"},
}

labels["drama"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"theater"},
}

labels["Egyptian deities"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"gods", "Egyptian mythology"},
}

labels["Egyptian mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Ancient Egypt"},
}

labels["entertainment"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"culture"},
}

labels["erotic literature"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"fiction", "literary genres", "sex"},
}

labels["Etruscan mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Etruria"},
}

labels["European folklore"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"folklore", "Europe"},
}

labels["fairy tale"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:fairy tale|fairy tale]]s",
parents = {"fiction"},
}

labels["fairy tale characters"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[wikt:fairy tale|fairy tale]] [[wikt:character|character]]s",
parents = {"fictional characters", "fairy tale"},
}

labels["fairy tales"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"fairy tale"},
}

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type = "related-to",
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labels["fantasy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:genre|genre]] of [[wikt:fantasy|fantasy]]",
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labels["fashion"] = {
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labels["faster-than-light travel"] = {
type = "related-to",
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labels["fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
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labels["fictional abilities"] = {
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labels["fictional planets"] = {
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labels["fictional universes"] = {
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labels["film"] = {
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labels["F/F ships (fandom)"] = {
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labels["film genres"] = {
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labels["film industries"] = {
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labels["Finnic mythology"] = {
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labels["flamenco"] = {
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labels["furry fandom"] = {
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labels["Germanic deities"] = {
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labels["Germanic mythology"] = {
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labels["genres"] = {
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labels["Glee (TV series)"] = {
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labels["graphic design"] = {
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labels["Greek deities"] = {
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labels["Greek mythology"] = {
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labels["Gulliver's Travels"] = {
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labels["Harry Potter"] = {
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labels["Hawaiian mythology"] = {
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labels["Hindu deities"] = {
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labels["Hindu mythology"] = {
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labels["horror"] = {
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labels["humanities"] = {
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labels["incestuous ships (fandom)"] = {
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labels["idol fandom"] = {
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labels["Instagram"] = {
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wikidata = 209330,
description = "=the photo sharing and social networking service [[wikt:Instagram|Instagram]]",
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labels["Iranian mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
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labels["Irish mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
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displaytitle = "''James Bond''",
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labels["Japanese deities"] = {
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labels["Japanese mythology"] = {
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labels["job titles in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = {
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labels["Kachinas"] = {
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labels["Komi mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
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}

labels["Korean fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
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labels["Korean mythology"] = {
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labels["literary genres"] = {
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labels["Lost (TV series)"] = {
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displaytitle = "''Lost'' (TV series)",
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labels["Lovecraftian horror"] = {
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labels["magic"] = {
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description = "{{{langname}}} magic words; terms that serve the purpose of effectively or apparently triggering a [[wikt:magical|magical]] or [[wikt:illusionist|illusionist]] event.",
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labels["marriage"] = {
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labels["Marvel Comics"] = {
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description = "={{w|Marvel Comics}}",
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labels["Meitei deities"] = {
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labels["Meitei mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
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labels["merpeople"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
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labels["Mesopotamian deities"] = {
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labels["Mesopotamian mythology"] = {
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labels["M/M ships (fandom)"] = {
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}

labels["modern art"] = {
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labels["Mongolian tribes"] = {
type = "name",
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labels["moustaches"] = {
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labels["My Hero Academia"] = {
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displaytitle ="''My Hero Academia''",
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parents = {"Japanese fiction", "animation", "comics"},
}

labels["My Little Pony"] = {
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displaytitle = "''My Little Pony''",
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labels["mythological creatures"] = {
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labels["mythological figures"] = {
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labels["mythological plants"] = {
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labels["mythology"] = {
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labels["narratology"] = {
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labels["Navajo mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
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labels["newspapers"] = {
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labels["Niconico"] = {
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description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|Niconico}}",
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labels["Norse deities"] = {
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labels["Norse mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
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labels["occult"] = {
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labels["omegaverse"] = {
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description = "=the [[wikt:omegaverse|omegaverse]] genre",
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}

labels["Omori"] = {
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}

labels["Once Upon a Time"] = {
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displaytitle = "''Once Upon a Time''",
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}

labels["painting"] = {
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}

labels["palmistry"] = {
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labels["parties"] = {
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description = "default",
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labels["people in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = {
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}

labels["perfumes"] = {
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labels["periodicals"] = {
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labels["personifications"] = {
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labels["places in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = {
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labels["poetry"] = {
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labels["polyamorous ships (fandom)"] = {
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parents = {"ships (fandom) by relationship type"},
}

labels["Private Eye"] = {
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labels["Reddit"] = {
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wikidata = 2195701,
description = "=the social news aggregation and discussion website {{w|Reddit}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["reference works"] = {
type = "type",
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labels["Roman deities"] = {
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labels["Roman mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
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}

labels["romance fiction"] = {
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labels["Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = {
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displaytitle = "''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''",
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parents = {"fiction", "literature", "China"},
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labels["RPF ships (fandom)"] = {
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}

labels["science fiction"] = {
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labels["SCP Foundation"] = {
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description = "English terms related to the SCP Wiki collaborative writing website and its setting of the {{w|SCP Foundation}}.",
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labels["sculpture"] = {
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labels["Shahnameh"] = {
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}

labels["Shahnameh characters"] = {
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labels["shapeshifters"] = {
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labels["Sherlock Holmes"] = {
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wikidata = 2316684,
description = "=the [[wikt:Sherlock Holmes|Sherlock Holmes]] stories by {{w|Arthur Conan Doyle}} and adaptations of them",
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}

labels["Sherlock (TV series)"] = {
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parents = {"Sherlock Holmes", "television"},
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labels["shipping (fandom)"] = {
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labels["ships (fandom)"] = {
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}

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}

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labels["Slavic mythology"] = {
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labels["Smallville (TV series)"] = {
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labels["social media"] = {
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labels["South Korean idol fandom"] = {
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displaytitle = "''South Park''",
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displaytitle = "''Star Trek''",
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}

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displaytitle = "''Star Wars''",
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}

labels["Steven Universe"] = {
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displaytitle = "''Steven Universe''",
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}

labels["stock characters"] = {
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labels["spider fighting"] = {
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wikidata = 7577058,
description = "={{w|spider fighting}}",
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labels["subcultures"] = {
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labels["superheroes"] = {
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labels["Superman"] = {
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wikidata = 79015,
description = "=the fictional [[wikt:superhero|superhero]] [[wikt:Superman|Superman]]",
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labels["supernatural"] = {
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labels["Supernatural (TV series)"] = {
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displaytitle = "''Supernatural'' (TV series)",
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parents = {"American fiction", "television"},
}

labels["Tamil deities"] = {
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parents = {"gods", "Hindu deities", "Tamil mythology"},
}

labels["Tamil mythology"] = {
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parents = {"mythology", "Hindu mythology", "Tamil Nadu, India"},
}

labels["television"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 289,
description = "default",
parents = {"mass media", "broadcasting"},
}

labels["The Handmaid's Tale"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 25207350,
displaytitle = "''The Handmaid's Tale''",
description = "=the 1985 novel ''{{w|The Handmaid's Tale}}'' by {{w|Margaret Atwood}} and its [[w:The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|television adaptation]] (2017–)",
parents = {"Canadian fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"},
}

labels["The Hunger Games"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 11679,
displaytitle = "''The Hunger Games''",
description = "=''{{w|The Hunger Games}}'' novel series by {{w|Suzanne Collins}} and its film adaptations",
parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "literature"},
}

labels["The Matrix"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 83495,
displaytitle = "''The Matrix''",
description = "=''{{w|The Matrix}}''",
parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "utopian and dystopian fiction"},
}

labels["The Simpsons"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 886,
displaytitle = "''The Simpsons''",
description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from and/or related to the animated television series ''{{w|The Simpsons}}''.",
parents = {"American fiction", "animation", "Disney"},
}

labels["The Walking Dead"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 232737,
displaytitle = "''The Walking Dead''",
description = "=the television series ''[[w:The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]]'' (2010–2022) and the comic series from which it was adapted",
parents = {"American fiction", "television", "utopian and dystopian fiction", "zombies"},
}

labels["The Wizard of Oz"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 130295,
displaytitle = "''The Wizard of Oz''",
description = "=the fantasy novel ''{{w|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}'', subsequent books or films derived from it, such as the ''[[w:The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|1939 film]]''.",
parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature"},
}

labels["The X-Files"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 2744,
displaytitle = "''The X-Files''",
description = "=the ''{{w|The X-Files}}'' franchise",
parents = {"American fiction", "science fiction", "television"},
}

labels["theater"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"art", "entertainment"},
}

labels["Thracian deities"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"gods"},
}

labels["TikTok"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 48938223,
description = "=the video-sharing and social-networking service {{w|TikTok}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["Tupi mythology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythology", "Brazil"},
}

labels["Twilight (novel series)"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 44523,
displaytitle = "''Twilight'' (novel series)",
description = "=the ''[[w:Twilight (series)|Twilight]]'' franchise",
parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "literature", "vampires"},
}

labels["Twitter"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 918,
description = "=the social networking and microblogging service {{w|Twitter}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["Tumblr"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 384060,
description = "=the microblogging and social networking service {{w|Tumblr}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["utopian and dystopian fiction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"speculative fiction"},
}

labels["vampires"] = {
type = "related-to,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror", "blood"},
}

labels["vampire lifestyle"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "={{w|vampire lifestyle|the vampire lifestyle}} (i.e., a subculture which roleplays the stereotypical habits of vampires)",
parents = {"subcultures", "vampires"},
}

labels["Virtual YouTuber"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 55155641,
description = "=[[wikt:virtual YouTuber|virtual YouTuber]]s ([[wikt:VTuber|VTuber]]s)",
parents = {"YouTube", "Entertainment"},
}

labels["web design"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"design", "World Wide Web"},
}

labels["werewolves"] = {
type = "related-to,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "shapeshifters", "horror"},
}

labels["worldbuilding"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"narratology", "speculative fiction"},
}

labels["Xena: Warrior Princess"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 38497,
displaytitle = "''Xena: Warrior Princess''",
description = "=the television series ''{{w|Xena: Warrior Princess}}'' (1995–2001)",
parents = {"American fiction", "fantasy", "television"},
}

labels["YouTube"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 866,
description = "=the video-sharing website {{w|YouTube}}",
parents = {"social media", "World Wide Web", "Google"},
}

labels["YouTube Poop"] = {
type = "related-to",
wikidata = 16927904,
description = "default",
parents = {"YouTube", "Internet memes"},
}

labels["zombies"] = {
type = "related-to,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"mythological creatures", "characters from folklore", "death", "horror"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Communication

2026-05-22T21:28:00Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

-- FIXME: Lookup langs in the language list.
for _, lang_etc in ipairs {
"Arabic", "Aramaic", {"Chinese", "the [[wikt:Chinese|Chinese]] languages"}, {"Greek", "the [[wikt:Greek|Greek]] and [[wikt:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] languages"}, "English", "German", "Japanese", "Latin", "Korean", "Okinawan",
"Portuguese", "Sanskrit", "Spanish", "Tamil", "Vietnamese"
} do
if type(lang_etc) ~= "table" then
lang_etc = {lang_etc}
end
local lang, desc = unpack(lang_etc)
desc = desc or ("the [[:Category:%s language|%s language]]"):format(lang, lang)
labels[lang] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=" .. desc,
parents = {"languages"},
}
end

labels["communication"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"all topics"},
}

labels["alphabets"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing systems"},
}

labels["artificial languages"] = { -- distinguish from "cat:constructed languages" family category
type = "name",
description = "={{w|constructed language}}s",
parents = {"languages"},
}

labels["body language"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"language", "nonverbal communication"},
}

labels["broadcasting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"media", "telecommunications"},
}

labels["Chinese character components"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Chinese character|Chinese character]] [[wikt:component|component]]s",
parents = {"letters, symbols, and punctuation"},
}

labels["codicology"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"books", "bibliography", "writing"},
}

labels["diacritical marks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"letters, symbols, and punctuation"},
}

labels["dialects"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"language"},
}

labels["dictation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["epigraphy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"palaeography", "writing"},
}

labels["extinct languages"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"languages"},
}

labels["facial expressions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"nonverbal communication", "face"},
}

labels["figures of speech"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[figure of speech|figures of speech]]",
parents = {"rhetoric"},
}

labels["flags"] = {
type = "related-to,name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["jargon"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"language"},
}

labels["Han characters"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing systems"},
}

labels["language"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["language families"] = {
type = "name",
description = "=[[language family|language families]], both accepted and controversial",
parents = {"language", "names"},
}

labels["languages"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"language", "names"},
}

labels["letters, symbols, and punctuation"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:letter|letter]]s, [[wikt:symbol|symbol]]s, and [[wikt:punctuation|punctuation]]",
parents = {"orthography"},
}

labels["logical fallacies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[logical fallacy|logical fallacies]], clearly defined errors in reasoning used to support or refute an argument",
additional = "{{also|Category:{{{langcode}}}:biases}}",
parents = {"rhetoric", "logic"},
}

labels["media"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["mobile phones"] = {
type = "related-to,set",
description = "default",
parents = {"telephony"},
}

labels["nonverbal communication"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["orthography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing"},
}

labels["palaeography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing"},
}

labels["post"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[post#Noun|post]] or [[mail#Noun|mail]]",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["postal abbreviations"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"post"},
}

labels["public relations"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["punctuation marks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"letters, symbols, and punctuation"},
}

labels["radio"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"telecommunications"},
}

labels["rhetoric"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"language"},
}

labels["sign languages"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"languages"},
}

labels["signs"] = {
type = "related-to,name,type",
description = "default",
parents = {"communication"},
}

labels["sociolects"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"language"},
}

labels["symbols"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:symbol|symbol]]s, especially [[wikt:mathematical|mathematical]] and [[wikt:scientific|scientific]] symbols",
additional = "Most symbols have equivalent meanings in many languages and can therefore be found in [[:Category:Translingual symbols]].",
parents = {"letters, symbols, and punctuation"},
}

labels["talking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"language", "human behaviour"},
}

labels["telecommunications"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"communication", "technology"},
}

labels["telegraphy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"telecommunications", "electronics"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = true,
}

labels["telephony"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"telecommunications", "electronics"},
}

labels["texting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"telecommunications"},
}

labels["textual division"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing"},
}

labels["textual criticism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing", "bibliography"},
}

labels["typography"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing", "printing"},
}

labels["writing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"language", "human behaviour"},
}

labels["writing systems"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"writing"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Buildings and structures

2026-05-22T21:27:59Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["buildings and structures"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:building|building]]s and [[wikt:structure|structure]]s",
parents = {"architecture"},
}

labels["animal dwellings"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings and structures", "zoology"},
}

labels["bridges"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings and structures"},
}

labels["buildings"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings and structures"},
}

labels["pyramids"] = {
type = "set,related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings"},
}

labels["rooms"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings and structures"},
}

labels["kitchen"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"rooms", "cooking"},
}

labels["ports and harbours"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings and structures", "nautical", "commerce"},
}

labels["shops"] = {
type = "type",
description = "default",
parents = {"buildings", "businesses"},
}

labels["walls and fences"] = {
type = "type",
description = "=[[wikt:wall|wall]]s and [[wikt:fence|fence]]s",
parents = {"buildings and structures"},
}

labels["toilet (room)"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:flush toilet|flush toilet]]s or rooms containing flush toilets",
parents = {"hygiene", "rooms"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Body

2026-05-22T21:27:58Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["body"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:body|body]] and its parts",
parents = {"all topics"}, -- This should not go in "anatomy", which is for terms used in the *study* of the body
}

labels["abortion"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:abortion|abortion]] of a pregnancy",
parents = {"pregnancy"},
}

labels["age"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"human", "time"},
}

labels["amoebozoal diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["amputation"] = {
type = "related-to,type", -- FIXME: Split into 'amputation' and 'amputations'
description = "default",
parents = {"disability", "surgery"},
}

labels["anger"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["animal body parts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:body part|body part]]s of [[wikt:animal|animal]]s besides [[wikt:human|human]]s",
parents = {"body parts", "animals"},
}

labels["animal tissues"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:tissue|tissue]]s (groups of similar [[wikt:cell|cell]]s that function together to do a specific job) in [[wikt:animal|animal]]s, including [[wikt:human|human]]s",
parents = {"tissues"},
}

labels["appearance"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"perception"},
}

labels["arms"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["bacterial diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["bathing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hygiene", "cleaning"},
}

labels["beards"] = {
type = "type,related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"face", "fashion", "hair"},
}

labels["biomolecules"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:biomolecule|biomolecule]]s: organic compounds that are present in and used by organisms",
parents = {"body parts", "organic compounds", "biochemistry"},
}

labels["blindness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"disability", "eye"},
}

labels["blood"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bodily fluids"},
}

labels["bodily fluids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fluid|fluid]]s ([[wikt:liquid|liquid]]s) of the body",
parents = {"body", "liquids"},
}

labels["bodily functions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:function|function]]s and [[wikt:process|process]]es of the [[wikt:human|human]] or [[wikt:animal|animal]] [[wikt:body|body]]",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["body parts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=parts of the [[wikt:body|body]] of any [[wikt:lifeform|lifeform]], both macroscopic and microscopic",
parents = {"body"}, -- This should not go in "anatomy", which is for terms used in the *study* of the body
}

labels["bones"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=the [[wikt:bone|bone]]s of the [[wikt:body|body]]",
parents = {"skeleton"},
}

labels["brain"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["brain regions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts", "brain"},
}

labels["breasts"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"chest", "female"},
}

labels["buttocks"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["castration"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"genitalia", "male", "surgery"},
}

labels["chest"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["circulatory system"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the {{w|circulatory system}}",
parents = {"organ systems", "blood"},
}

labels["circumcision"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"genitalia", "surgery"},
}

labels["coccidial diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["coronaviruses"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"viral diseases"},
}

labels["types of coronaviruses"] = {
type = "type",
topic = "coronaviruses",
breadcrumb = "types",
description = "=[[wikt:coronavirus|coronavirus]]es",
parents = {"coronaviruses"},
}

labels["COVID-19"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"coronaviruses"},
}

labels["courage"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions", "virtue"},
}

labels["cranial nerves"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:nerve|nerve]]s found in the [[wikt:cranium|cranium]]",
parents = {"nerves"},
}

labels["deafness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"disability", "hearing"},
}

labels["death"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"life", "body"},
}

labels["dental hygiene"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hygiene", "teeth"},
}

labels["disability"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:disability|disability]] and its social implications",
parents = {"health", "society"},
}

labels["disease"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:disease|disease]]s, [[wikt:symptom|symptom]]s, or [[abnormality|abnormalities]] of human [[wikt:pathology|pathology]], [[wikt:physiology|physiology]] or [[wikt:psychology|psychology]]",
parents = {"disease"},
}

labels["dreams"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"sleep"},
}

labels["eggs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"reproduction", "birds", "foods"},
}

labels["emotions"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["eye"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:eye|eye]]s",
parents = {"face", "vision"},
}

labels["face"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"head and neck"},
}

labels["fear"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["feathers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"animal body parts", "birds"},
}

labels["feces"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"body", "toilet (room)"},
}

labels["foot"] = { -- FIXME: "feet", not "foot"
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"legs"},
}

labels["female"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:female|female]] sex or gender",
parents = {"gender"},
}

labels["female genitalia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:female|female]] [[wikt:genitalia|genitalia]]",
parents = {"genitalia", "female"},
}

labels["fingers"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"hand"},
}

labels["terms for fingers"] = {
type = "set",
topic = "fingers",
description = "=[[wikt:finger|finger]]s",
parents = {"fingers"},
}

labels["fungal diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["gaits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["gender"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:sex|sex]] and [[wikt:gender|gender]]",
additional = "See [[:Category:Sex]] for terms related to sexual intercourse and sexuality.",
parents = {"biology", "psychology", "sociology"},
}

labels["genetic disorders"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases", "medical genetics"},
}

labels["genitalia"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sex organ|sex organ]]s, both [[wikt:external|external]] and [[wikt:internal|internal]]",
parents = {"body parts", "reproduction", "sex"}, -- This should not go in "anatomy", which is for terms used in the *study* of the body
}

labels["hair"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["hand"] = { -- FIXME: "hands", not "hand"
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"arms"},
}

labels["happiness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["hatred"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["head and neck"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["health"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["healthcare"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["hearing"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["helminthic diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:disease|disease]]s caused by [[wikt:parasitic|parasitic]] worms",
parents = {"infestations"},
}

labels["HIV/AIDS"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:HIV|HIV]] and [[wikt:AIDS|AIDS]]",
parents = {"viral diseases", "sexually transmitted diseases"},
}

labels["hormones"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"biomolecules"},
}

labels["horse gaits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"gaits"},
}

labels["humiliation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions", "abuse"},
}

labels["hygiene"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["perception"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["infestations"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:disease|disease]]s where [[wikt:macroscopic|macroscopic]] [[wikt:organism|organism]]s are living on or in the host",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["insect-borne diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by [[wikt:insect|insect]]s",
parents = {"vector-borne diseases"},
}

labels["intersex"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=''[[wikt:intersex|intersex]]''",
parents = {"gender", "LGBTQ"},
}

labels["injuries"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["jealousy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["legs"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["leprosy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bacterial diseases"},
}

labels["limbs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["lipids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"biomolecules"},
}

labels["love"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions", "virtue"},
}

labels["male"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:male|male]] sex or gender",
parents = {"gender"},
}

labels["male genitalia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:male|male]] [[wikt:genitalia|genitalia]]",
parents = {"genitalia", "male"},
}

labels["medical signs and symptoms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"health", "medicine"},
}

labels["memory"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["menstruation"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body", "gynaecology"},
}

labels["mental health"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"health", "society"},
}

labels["metabolism"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["mind"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"human"},
}

labels["mobility aids"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"disability"},
}

labels["mosquito-borne diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by [[wikt:mosquito|mosquito]]es",
parents = {"insect-borne diseases", "mosquitoes"},
}

labels["motion sickness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["mouth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"face"},
}

labels["muscles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["muteness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"disability", "talking"},
}

labels["nerves"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:nerve|nerve]]s found in the body",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["neurotransmitters"] = {
type = "name,related-to",
description = "=known [[wikt:neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]]s",
parents = {"biomolecules"},
}

labels["non-binary"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:non-binary|non-binary]] [[gender identity|gender identities]]",
parents = {"gender", "transgender"},
}

labels["nostalgia"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions", "history", "memory"},
}

labels["nutrition"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["obesity"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["optical illusions"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"vision"},
}

labels["organs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:organ|organ]]s of the [[wikt:body|body]]",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["organ systems"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts", "systems"},
}

labels["pain"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"perception", "medical signs and symptoms"},
}

labels["personality"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["philias"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"love"},
}

labels["phobias"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fear"},
}

labels["plant diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases", "phytopathology"},
}

labels["plant tissues"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:plant|plant]] [[wikt:tissue|tissue]]s (groups of similar [[wikt:cell|cell]]s that function together to do a specific job)",
parents = {"tissues"},
}

labels["pregnancy"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body", "gynaecology"},
}

labels["pride"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["proteins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"biomolecules"},
}

labels["reproduction"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"life"},
}

labels["rest"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["sadness"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["sauna"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bathing"},
}

labels["scents"] = {
type = "name",
description = "default",
parents = {"smell"},
}

labels["senses"] = {
type = "set,related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:physical|physical]] [[wikt:senses|senses]]",
parents = {"perception"},
}

labels["sexually transmitted diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["sitting"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["skeleton"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default with the",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["skin"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["sleep"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["smell"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the [[wikt:sense|sense]] of [[wikt:smell|smell]]",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["sneeze"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bodily functions", "reflexes", "medical signs and symptoms"},
}

labels["suicide"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"death"},
}

labels["syndromes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"health", "pathology"},
}

labels["taste"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"senses", "eating", "drinking", "food and drink"},
}

labels["teeth"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[tooth|teeth]]",
parents = {"mouth"},
}

labels["thinking"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["tick-borne diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by [[wikt:tick|tick]]s",
parents = {"vector-borne diseases"},
}

labels["tissues"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=[[wikt:tissue|tissue]]s (groups of similar [[wikt:cell|cell]]s that function together to do a specific job)",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["toiletries"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=items used for [[wikt:grooming|grooming]] or [[wikt:personal hygiene|personal hygiene]]",
additional = "For terms related to [[lavatory|lavatories]], use [[:Category:Toilet (room)]].",
parents = {"hygiene"},
}

labels["touch"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["transgender"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "=the ''[[wikt:transgender|transgender]]'' community in the broad sense of that term",
additional = "This includes terms related to the ''[[wikt:genderqueer|genderqueer]]'' community, i.e. transgender and transsexual people, and to [[wikt:transition|transition]]ing from female to male or vice versa, as well as terms related to [[wikt:agender|agender]], [[wikt:androgynous|androgynous]] or [[wikt:third gender|third gender]] people.",
parents = {"gender", "LGBTQ"},
}

labels["trypanosomal diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["urine"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bodily fluids"},
}

labels["vector-borne diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by other [[wikt:organism|organism]]s",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["veterinary diseases"] = {
description = "=[[wikt:diseases|diseases]] of [[animal#Noun|animals]]. To add entries to this category, specify {{temp|lb|{{{langcode}}}|veterinary disease}}",
parents = {"diseases", "veterinary medicine"},
}

labels["viral diseases"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases"},
}

labels["vision"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["vitamins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"biomolecules"},
}

labels["vomit"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"bodily fluids"},
}

labels["womb"] = {
type = "related-to",
description = "default",
parents = {"organs", "reproduction"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic/Animals

2026-05-22T21:27:55Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["animals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lifeforms"},
commonscat = "Animalia",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["acanthuroid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:surgeonfish|surgeonfish]], [[wikt:light-horseman|light-horseman]], [[wikt:louvar|louvar]]s, [[wikt:scat|scat]]s, [[wikt:rabbitfish|rabbitfish]], [[wikt:Moorish idol|Moorish idol]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Acanthuroidei|Acanthuroidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["accentors"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Prunellidae|Prunellidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["accipiters"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:besra|besra]]s, [[wikt:Cooper's hawk|Cooper's hawk]]s, [[wikt:goshawk|goshawk]]s, [[wikt:sharp-shinned hawk|sharp-shinned hawk]]s, [[wikt:shikra|shikra]]s, [[wikt:sparrowhawk|sparrowhawk]]s, and other [[wikt:hawk|hawk]]s in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Accipiter|Accipiter]]''",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["Acipenseriform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:paddlefish|paddlefish]], [[wikt:sturgeon|sturgeon]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Acipenseriformes|Acipenseriformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["adephagan beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diving beetle|diving beetle]]s, [[wikt:ground beetle|ground beetle]]s (including [[wikt:bombardier beetle|bombardier beetle]]s and [[wikt:tiger beetle|tiger beetle]]s), [[wikt:whirligig beetle|whirligig beetle]]s and other [[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Adephaga|Adephaga]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["African insectivores"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aardvark|aardvark]]s, [[wikt:elephant shrew|elephant shrew]]s, [[wikt:golden mole|golden mole]]s, [[wikt:otter shrew|otter shrew]]s, [[wikt:tenrec|tenrec]]s, and other [[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Afroinsectiphilia|Afroinsectiphilia]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["agamid lizards"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agama|agama]]s, [[wikt:bearded dragon|bearded dragon]]s, [[wikt:flying dragon|flying dragon]]s, [[wikt:frilled lizard|frilled lizard]]s, [[wikt:moloch|moloch]]s, [[wikt:spiny-tailed lizard|spiny-tailed lizard]]s, [[wikt:stellion|stellion]]s and other [[wikt:lizard|lizard]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Agamidae|Agamidae]]",
parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["alcelaphine antelopes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blesbuck|blesbuck]]s, [[wikt:bontebok|bontebok]]s, [[wikt:bubal|bubal]]s, [[wikt:gnu|gnu]]s or [[wikt:wildebeest|wildebeest]], [[wikt:hartebeest|hartebeest]]s, [[wikt:hirola|hirola]], [[wikt:sassaby|sassaby]]s, [[wikt:topi|topi]]s, [[wikt:tetel|tetel]]s, and other [[wikt:antelopes|antelopes]] in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Alcelaphinae|Alcelaphinae]]",
parents = {"antelopes"},
}

labels["ammonites"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:extinct|extinct]] [[wikt:cephalopod|cephalopod]]s in the [[wikt:subclass|subclass]] [[wikt:Ammonoidea|Ammonoidea]]",
parents = {"cephalopods"},
}

labels["amphibians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"vertebrates"},
commonscat = "Amphibia",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["amphipods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beach flea|beach flea]]s, [[wikt:lawn shrimp|lawn shrimp]], [[wikt:scud|scud]]s, [[wikt:side swimmer|side swimmer]]s, [[wikt:skeleton shrimp|skeleton shrimp]], [[whale louse|whale lice]], and other [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Amphipoda|Amphipoda]]",
parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["anatids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anatid|anatid]]s: ([[wikt:duck|duck]]s, [[goose|geese]] and [[wikt:swan|swan]]s)",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["annelids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:earthworm|earthworm]]s, [[wikt:leech|leech]]es, [[wikt:ragworm|ragworm]]s and many other [[wikt:segment|segment]]ed [[wikt:worm|worm]]s in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Annelida|Annelida]]",
parents = {"worms"},
}

labels["anglerfish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Lophiiformes|Lophiiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["anguimorph lizards"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:alligator lizard|alligator lizard]]s, [[wikt:beaded lizard|beaded lizard]]s, [[wikt:blindworm|blindworm]]s, [[wikt:crocodile monitor|crocodile monitor]]s, [[wikt:galliwasp|galliwasp]]s, [[wikt:Gila monster|Gila monster]]s, [[wikt:glass lizard|glass lizard]]s, [[wikt:goanna|goanna]]s, [[wikt:Komodo dragon|Komodo dragon]]s, [[wikt:legless lizard|legless lizard]]s, [[wikt:nile monitor|nile monitor]]s, [[wikt:perentie|perentie]]s, [[wikt:sheltopusik|sheltopusik]]s, [[wikt:water monitor|water monitor]]s, and other [[wikt:lizards|lizards]] in the [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Anguimorpha|Anguimorpha]]",
parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["anomurans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=crablike [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:decapod|decapod]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Anomura|Anomura]], which are closely related to the true [[wikt:crab|crab]]s in the infraorder [[wikt:Brachyura|Brachyura]]",
parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["anteaters and sloths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Pilosa|Pilosa]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["antelopes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["antilopine antelopes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blackbuck|blackbuck]]s, [[wikt:chinkara|chinkara]]s, [[wikt:dibatag|dibatag]]s, [[wikt:dik-dik|dik-dik]]s, [[wikt:gazelle|gazelle]]s, [[wikt:gerenuk|gerenuk]]s, [[wikt:grysbok|grysbok]]s, [[wikt:klipspringer|klipspringer]]s, [[wikt:oribi|oribi]]s, [[wikt:royal antelope|royal antelope]]s, [[wikt:saiga|saiga]]s, [[wikt:springbok|springbok]]s, [[wikt:steenbok|steenbok]]s, [[wikt:zeren|zeren]], and other [[wikt:antelope|antelope]]s in the [[wikt:bovid|bovid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Antilopinae|Antilopinae]]",
parents = {"antelopes"},
}

labels["ants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["antshrikes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"suboscines", "perching birds"},
}

labels["anurans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amphibian|amphibian]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Anura|Anura]], which are short-bodied and without tails, having long hind legs adapted for leaping that are typically folded at rest. Anurans are mostly known as [[wikt:frog|frog]]s or [[wikt:toad|toad]]s",
parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["aphids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Aphidoidea|Aphidoidea]]",
parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["apodiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hummingbird|hummingbird]]s, [[wikt:needletail|needletail]]s, [[wikt:spinetail|spinetail]]s, [[wikt:swift|swift]]s, [[wikt:swiftlet|swiftlet]]s, [[wikt:treeswift|treeswift]]s, and other [[wikt:bird|bird]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Apodiformes|Apodiformes]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["arachnids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["araneoid spiders"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bird dropping spider|bird dropping spider]]s, [[wikt:cobweb spiders|cobweb spiders]] (including [[wikt:black widow|black widow]]s and [[wikt:redback|redback]]s), [[wikt:orbweaver|orbweaver]]s (including [[wikt:cross spider|cross spider]]s and [[wikt:writing spider|writing spider]]s), [[wikt:long-jawed spider|long-jawed spider]]s, [[wikt:money spider|money spider]]s, [[wikt:nesticid|nesticid]]s, [[wikt:pimoid|pimoid]], [[wikt:pirate spider|pirate spider]]s, [[wikt:tetragnathid|tetragnathid]]s and other [[wikt:spider|spider]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Araneoidea|Araneoidea]]",
parents = {"spiders"},
}

labels["argentiniform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:argentine|argentine]]s, [[wikt:barreleye|barreleye]]s, [[wikt:blacksmelt|blacksmelt]]s, [[wikt:smoothtongue|smoothtongue]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Argentiniformes|Argentiniformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["armadillos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["arthropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals"},
commonscat = "Arthropoda",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["aschizan flies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[fly|flies]] in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:section|section]] [[wikt:Aschiza|Aschiza]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["asilomorph flies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[bee fly|bee flies]], [[dance fly|dance flies]], [[Mydas fly|Mydas flies]], [[robber fly|robber flies]], [[stiletto fly|stiletto flies]], [[window fly|window flies]] and other [[fly|flies]] in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Asilomorpha|Asilomorpha]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["assassin bugs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ambush bug|ambush bug]]s, [[wikt:assassin bug|assassin bug]]s, [[wikt:corsair|corsair]]s, [[wikt:feather-legged bug|feather-legged bug]]s, [[wikt:kissing bug|kissing bug]]s or [[wikt:conenose bug|conenose bug]]s, [[wikt:masked hunter|masked hunter]]s, [[wikt:wheel bug|wheel bug]]s, and other [[wikt:true bug|true bug]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Reduviidae|Reduviidae]]",
parents = {"true bugs"},
}

labels["astacideans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:decapod|decapod]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Astacidea|Astacidea]], including the original [[wikt:species|species]] known as [[wikt:crayfish|crayfish]] and [[wikt:lobster|lobster]]s, and their relatives",
parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["atheriniform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blue-eye|blue-eye]]s, [[wikt:hardyhead|hardyhead]]s, [[wikt:grunion|grunion]], [[wikt:jacksmelt|jacksmelt]], [[wikt:rainbowfish|rainbowfish]], [[wikt:silverside|silverside]]s, [[wikt:zona|zona]], and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Atheriniformes|Atheriniformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["auks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:auk|auk]]s, [[wikt:guillemot|guillemot]]s, [[wikt:murre|murre]]s, [[wikt:puffin|puffin]]s, [[wikt:razorbill|razorbill]]s, and other [[wikt:seabird|seabird]]s in the family [[wikt:Alcidae|Alcidae]]",
parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["aulopiform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:daggertooth|daggertooth]]s, [[wikt:lancetfish|lancetfish]], [[wikt:sergeant baker|sergeant baker]]s, [[wikt:greeneye|greeneye]]s, [[wikt:telescopefish|telescopefish]], [[wikt:lizardfish|lizardfish]] and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Aulopiformes|Aulopiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["Australasian robins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Petroicidae|Petroicidae]], which are not closely related to the [[wikt:European robin|European robin]] (an [[wikt:Old World flycatcher|Old World flycatcher]] in the family [[wikt:Muscicapidae|Muscicapidae]]), or the [[wikt:American robin|American robin]] (a [[wikt:thrush|thrush]] in the family [[wikt:Turdidae|Turdidae]])",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["baby animals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["bandicoots and bilbies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:peramelid|peramelid]]s, [[wikt:bandicoot|bandicoot]]s, [[wikt:marl|marl]]s, [[wikt:quenda|quenda]]s, [[wikt:chaeropodid|chaeropodid]]s, [[wikt:pig-footed bandicoot|pig-footed bandicoot]]s, [[wikt:thylacomyid|thylacomyid]]s, [[bilby|bilbies]], [[wikt:dalgite|dalgite]]s, [[wikt:rabbit-eared bandicoot|rabbit-eared bandicoot]]s, [[wikt:philander|philander]]s, [[wikt:pinkie|pinkie]]s, and other [[wikt:marsupial|marsupial]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Peramelemorphia|Peramelemorphia]]",
parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["barklice"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=non-[[wikt:parasitic|parasitic]] [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Psocodea|Psocodea]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["barnacles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:infraclass|infraclass]] [[wikt:Cirripedia|Cirripedia]], including the parasitic [[wikt:rhizocephalan|rhizocephalan]]s",
parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["bats"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["bees"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hymenopterans", "beekeeping"},
}

labels["beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["beloniform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ballyhoo|ballyhoo]], [[wikt:flying fish|flying fish]], [[wikt:garfish|garfish]], [[wikt:halfbeak|halfbeak]]s, [[wikt:houndfish|houndfish]], [[wikt:mackerel pike|mackerel pike]]s, [[wikt:medaka|medaka]]s, [[wikt:needlefish|needlefish]], [[wikt:ricefish|ricefish]], [[saury|sauries]], [[wikt:silver gar|silver gar]], and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Beloniformes|Beloniformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["bibionomorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[March fly|March flies]], [[wikt:cecidomyiid|cecidomyiid]] [[wikt:gall midge|gall midge]]s, [[wikt:keroplatid|keroplatid]] [[wikt:fungus gnat|fungus gnat]]s, [[wikt:mycetophilid|mycetophilid]]s, [[wikt:sciarid|sciarid]]s and other [[fly|flies]], [[wikt:gnat|gnat]]s and [[wikt:midge|midge]]s in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Bibionomorpha|Bibionomorpha]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"vertebrates"},
commonscat = "Aves",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["birds of prey"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds that live by [[wikt:predatory|predatory]] hunting, and from [[wikt:carrion|carrion]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["bivalves"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:clam|clam]]s, [[wikt:cockle|cockle]]s, [[wikt:mussel|mussel]]s, [[wikt:oyster|oyster]]s, [[wikt:scallop|scallop]]s and other [[wikt:mollusk|mollusk]]s in the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Bivalvia|Bivalvia]]",
parents = {"mollusks"},
}

labels["blennies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[blenny|blennies]], [[wikt:chaenopsid|chaenopsid]]s, [[wikt:clinid|clinid]]s, [[wikt:dactyloscopid|dactyloscopid]]s, [[wikt:klipfish|klipfish]], [[wikt:labrisomid|labrisomid]]s, [[wikt:triplefin|triplefin]]s, [[wikt:weedfish|weedfish]] and other fish in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Blennioidei|Blennioidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["boas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:snake|snake]]s in the family [[wikt:Boidae|Boidae]]",
parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["bostrichiform beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:carpet beetle|carpet beetle]]s, [[wikt:deathwatch beetle|deathwatch beetle]]s, [[wikt:drugstore beetle|drugstore beetle]]s, [[wikt:museum beetle|museum beetle]]s, [[wikt:powder-post beetle|powder-post beetle]]s, and other [[wikt:anobiid|anobiid]]s/[[wikt:ptinid|ptinid]]s, [[wikt:bostrichid|bostrichid]]s, [[wikt:dermestid|dermestid]]s, [[wikt:derodontid|derodontid]]s, [[wikt:jacobsoniid|jacobsoniid]]s and [[wikt:nosodendrid|nosodendrid]]s in the [[wikt:coleopteran|coleopteran]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Bostrichiformia|Bostrichiformia]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["bovines"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["brachiopods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:animal|animal]]s in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Brachiopoda|Brachiopoda]]. <u>Note</u>: not to be confused with [[wikt:branchiopod|branchiopod]]s, which are [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["branchiopods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:[brine shrimp|[brine shrimp]], [[wikt:clam shrimp|clam shrimp]], [[wikt:fairy shrimp|fairy shrimp]], [[wikt:tadpole shrimp|tadpole shrimp]], [[wikt:water flea|water flea]]s, and other [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Branchiopoda|Branchiopoda]]. <u>Note</u>: not to be confused with [[wikt:brachiopod|brachiopod]]s, which are a separate [[wikt:phylum|phylum]]",
parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["bryozoans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:animal|animal]]s in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Bryozoa|Bryozoa]], also known as [[wikt:Ectoprocta|Ectoprocta]]",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["bulbuls"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bulbul|bulbul]]s, [[wikt:greenbul|greenbul]]s, [[wikt:brownbul|brownbul]]s, [[wikt:leaflove|leaflove]]s, [[wikt:bristlebill|bristlebill]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Pycnonotidae|Pycnonotidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["buteos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hawk|hawk]]s in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Buteo|Buteo]]'', known as [[wikt:buzzard|buzzard]]s in Europe",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["caddis flies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=insects in the order [[wikt:Trichoptera|Trichoptera]], which are closely related to the [[butterfly|butterflies]] and [[wikt:moth|moth]]s but with hairs on their wings instead of scales, and which have [[wikt:aquatic|aquatic]] [[wikt:larvae|larvae]] that live in cases that they build around themselves",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["caecilians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amphibian|amphibian]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Gymnophiona|Gymnophiona]], which are legless and resemble [[wikt:earthworm|earthworm]]s or [[wikt:snake|snake]]s",
parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["camelids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:camelid|camelid]]s ([[wikt:camel|camel]]s, [[wikt:llama|llama]]s, [[wikt:alpaca|alpaca]]s, etc.)",
parents = {"mammals", "even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["canids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["caprines"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sheep|sheep]], [[wikt:goat|goat]]s, [[wikt:goat antelope|goat antelope]]s, [[wikt:chamois|chamois]], [[wikt:muskox|muskox]]en, [[wikt:bharal|bharal]], [[wikt:goral|goral]], [[wikt:ibex|ibex]], [[wikt:mouflon|mouflon]], [[wikt:serow|serow]], [[wikt:tahr|tahr]], [[wikt:tur|tur]], [[wikt:takin|takin]] and other animals in the [[wikt:bovid|bovid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Caprinae|Caprinae]], formerly known as the [[wikt:family|family]] Capridae",
parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["caprimulgiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:caprimulgiform|caprimulgiform]]s: birds in the taxonomic order [[wikt:Caprimulgiformes|Caprimulgiformes]]- the [[wikt:nightjar|nightjar]]s, [[wikt:oilbird|oilbird]]s, [[wikt:frogmouth|frogmouth]]s, [[wikt:potoo|potoo]]s, etc",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["carcharhiniform sharks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bull shark|bull shark]]s, [[wikt:catshark|catshark]]s, [[wikt:gummy shark|gummy shark]]s, [[wikt:hammerhead|hammerhead]]s, [[wikt:leopard shark|leopard shark]]s, [[wikt:morgay|morgay]]s, [[wikt:requiem shark|requiem shark]]s, [[wikt:tiger shark|tiger shark]]s, [[wikt:tope|tope]]s, [[wikt:whaler|whaler]]s, [[wikt:whitetip|whitetip]]s and other sharks in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Carcharhiniformes|Carcharhiniformes]]",
parents = {"sharks"},
}

labels["cardinalids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cardinal|cardinal]]s, [[wikt:dickcissel|dickcissel]]s, [[wikt:indigo bunting|indigo bunting]]s, [[wikt:pyrrhuloxia|pyrrhuloxia]]s, [[wikt:rose-breasted grosbeak|rose-breasted grosbeak]]s, [[wikt:scarlet tanager|scarlet tanager]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cardinalidae|Cardinalidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["caridean shrimp"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:decapod|decapod]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Caridea|Caridea]], mostly known as [[wikt:shrimp|shrimp]] or [[wikt:prawn|prawn]]s",
parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["carnivores"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bear|bear]]s, [[wikt:cat|cat]]s, [[wikt:civet|civet]]s, [[wikt:dog|dog]]s, [[wikt:fossa|fossa]]s, [[wikt:hyaena|hyaena]]s, [[wikt:mongoose|mongoose]]s, [[wikt:panda|panda]]s, [[wikt:raccoon|raccoon]]s, [[wikt:seal|seal]]s, [[wikt:skunk|skunk]]s, [[wikt:weasel|weasel]]s and various other [[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Carnivora|Carnivora]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["carps"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Cyprininae|Cyprininae]], the [[wikt:carps|carps]] and [[wikt:goldfish|goldfish]]",
parents = {"cyprinids"},
}

labels["catfish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["cats"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cat|cat]]s in the sense of members of the genus ''[[wikt:Felis|Felis]]''",
parents = {"felids"},
commonscat = "Felis silvestris catus",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["cattle"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"bovines", "livestock"},
}

labels["caviomorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:agouti|agouti]]s, [[wikt:capybara|capybara]]s, [[wikt:chinchilla|chinchilla]]s, [[wikt:guinea pig|guinea pig]]s, [[wikt:New World porcupine|New World porcupine]]s, [[wikt:nutria|nutria]]s, [[wikt:tuco-tuco|tuco-tuco]]s and other [[wikt:rodent|rodent]]s in the parvorder [[wikt:Caviomorpha|Caviomorpha]]",
parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["cephalopods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mollusks"},
}

labels["cercopithecin monkeys"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blue monkey|blue monkey]]s, [[wikt:Diana monkey|Diana monkey]]s, [[wikt:guenon|guenon]]s, [[wikt:lesula|lesula]]s, [[wikt:malbrouck|malbrouck]]s, [[wikt:patas monkey|patas monkey]]s, [[wikt:talapoin|talapoin]]s, [[wikt:vervet|vervet]]s, and other [[wikt:Old World monkey|Old World monkey]]s in the [[wikt:cercopithecine|cercopithecine]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Cercopithecini|Cercopithecini]]",
parents = {"Old World monkeys"},
}

labels["certhioid birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Certhioidea|Certhioidea]], the [[wikt:treecreeper|treecreeper]]s, [[wikt:nuthatch|nuthatch]]es, [[wikt:gnatcatcher|gnatcatcher]]s and [[wikt:wren|wren]]s",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["cervids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["cetaceans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cetacean|cetacean]]s ([[wikt:dolphin|dolphin]]s, [[wikt:whale|whale]]s and [[wikt:porpoise|porpoise]]s)",
parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["chalcidoid wasps"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:chalcidid|chalcidid]]s, [[wikt:encyrtid|encyrtid]]s, [[wikt:fig wasp|fig wasp]]s, [[wikt:jointworm|jointworm]]s, [[wikt:mymarid|mymarid]] [[fairyfly|fairyflies]], [[wikt:perilampid|perilampid]]s, [[wikt:torymid|torymid]]s, [[wikt:trichogramma|trichogramma]]s, and other [[wikt:wasp|wasp]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]]",
parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["characins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the order [[wikt:Characiformes|Characiformes]]",
parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["chickens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"poultry", "fowls"},
}

labels["chimaeras (fish)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cartilaginous|cartilaginous]] fish in the [[wikt:Chimaeriformes|Chimaeriformes]], the only surviving [[wikt:order|order]] of the [[wikt:subclass|subclass]] [[wikt:Holocephali|Holocephali]], and separate from the [[wikt:shark|shark]]s, [[wikt:ray|ray]]s, [[wikt:skate|skate]]s and [[wikt:sawfish|sawfish]] of the subclass [[wikt:Elasmobranchii|Elasmobranchii]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["chordates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=animals in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Chordata|Chordata]]",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["chrysomeloid beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cerambycid|cerambycid]]s or [[wikt:longhorn beetle|longhorn beetle]]s such as [[wikt:apple borer|apple borer]]s, [[wikt:huhu beetle|huhu beetle]]s, [[wikt:locust borer|locust borer]]s and [[wikt:thunderbolt beetle|thunderbolt beetle]]s, as well as [[wikt:chrysomelid|chrysomelid]]s or [[wikt:leaf beetle|leaf beetle]]s such as [[wikt:asparagus beetle|asparagus beetle]]s, [[wikt:bean weevil|bean weevil]]s, [[wikt:Colorado beetle|Colorado beetle]]s, [[wikt:cucumber beetle|cucumber beetle]]s, [[wikt:flea beetle|flea beetle]]s, [[wikt:potato beetle|potato beetle]]s, and other [[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Chrysomeloidea|Chrysomeloidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["cicadas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Cicadoidea|Cicadoidea]]",
parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["cichlids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Cichlidae|Cichlidae]]",
parents = {"labroid fish"},
}

labels["clinids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Clinidae|Clinidae]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["cnidarians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:coral|coral]]s, [[wikt:gorgonian|gorgonian]]s, [[wikt:hydra|hydra]]s, [[wikt:myxozoan|myxozoan]]s, [[wikt:Portuguese man-of-war|Portuguese man-of-war]], [[wikt:sea anemone|sea anemone]]s, [[wikt:sea fir|sea fir]]s, [[wikt:sea wasp|sea wasp]]s, and other animals in the in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Cnidaria|Cnidaria]]",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["cockatoos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crested|crested]] [[wikt:parrot|parrot]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cacatuidae|Cacatuidae]]",
parents = {"parrots"},
}

labels["cockroaches"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["colobine monkeys"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:colobus|colobus]]es, [[wikt:douc|douc]]s, [[wikt:langur|langur]]s, [[wikt:guereza|guereza]]s, [[wikt:hanuman|hanuman]]s,[[wikt:leaf monkey|leaf monkey]]s, [[wikt:lutung|lutung]]s, [[wikt:proboscis monkey|proboscis monkey]]s, and other [[wikt:Old World monkey|Old World monkey]]s in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Colobinae|Colobinae]]",
parents = {"Old World monkeys"},
}

labels["colubrid snakes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:snake|snake]]s in the family [[wikt:Colubridae|Colubridae]]",
parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["colugos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=the [[wikt:primate|primate]]-like [[wikt:gliding|gliding]] [[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Dermoptera|Dermoptera]], also known as [[wikt:flying lemur|flying lemur]]s",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["columbids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:columbid|columbid]]s, i.e. [[wikt:pigeon|pigeon]]s and [[wikt:dove|dove]]s",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["copepods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:subclass|subclass]] [[wikt:Copepoda|Copepoda]]",
parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["coraciiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bee-eater|bee-eater]]s, [[wikt:ground rollers|ground rollers]], [[wikt:kingfisher|kingfisher]]s, [[wikt:motmot|motmot]]s, [[wikt:roller|roller]]s, [[tody|todies]] and other birds in the taxonomic order [[wikt:Coraciiformes|Coraciiformes]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["corvids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"perching birds", "corvoid birds"},
}

labels["corvoid birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:apostlebird|apostlebird]]s, [[bird of paradise|birds of paradise]], [[wikt:crow|crow]]s, [[wikt:drongo|drongo]]s, [[wikt:fantail|fantail]]s, [[wikt:grinder|grinder]]s, [[wikt:jackdaw|jackdaw]]s, [[wikt:jay|jay]]s, [[wikt:magpie|magpie]]s, [[wikt:magpie-lark|magpie-lark]]s, [[wikt:manucode|manucode]]s, [[wikt:monarchid|monarchid]]s, [[wikt:nutcracker|nutcracker]]s, [[wikt:piwakawaka|piwakawaka]]s, [[wikt:raven|raven]]s, [[wikt:restless flycatcher|restless flycatcher]]s, [[wikt:riflebird|riflebird]]s, [[wikt:shrike|shrike]]s, [[wikt:standard-wing|standard-wing]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Corvoidea|Corvoidea]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["cotingas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:suboscine|suboscine]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cotingidae|Cotingidae]]",
parents = {"suboscines"},
}

labels["crabs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crab|crab]]s, [[wikt:decapod|decapod]] [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Brachyura|Brachyura]]",
parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["cranes (birds)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crane|crane]]s",
parents = {"gruiforms"},
}

labels["cricetids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cotton rat|cotton rat]]s, [[deer mouse|deer mice]], [[wikt:hamster|hamster]]s, [[harvest mouse|harvest mice]], [[wikt:lemming|lemming]]s, [[wikt:vole|vole]]s, [[wikt:woodrat|woodrat]]s, and other [[wikt:rodent|rodent]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cricetidae|Cricetidae]]",
parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["crickets and grasshoppers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cricket|cricket]]s, [[wikt:grasshopper|grasshopper]]s, [[wikt:katydid|katydid]]s, [[wikt:weta|weta]]s and other [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the order [[wikt:Orthoptera|Orthoptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["croakers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:croaker|croaker]]s, [[wikt:drum|drum]]s, [[wikt:weakfish|weakfish]]s and other fish in the family [[wikt:Sciaenidae|Sciaenidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["crocodilians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crocodile|crocodile]]s, [[wikt:alligator|alligator]]s, [[wikt:caymans|caymans]], and other [[wikt:reptile|reptile]]s in the order [[wikt:Crocodilia|Crocodilia]]",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["crustaceans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["cuckoos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cuckoo|cuckoo]]s and other birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cuculidae|Cuculidae]]",
parents = {"otidimorph birds"},
}

labels["cuckooshrikes and minivets"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Campephagidae|Campephagidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["cucujoid beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:flower beetle|flower beetle]]s, [[wikt:fungus beetle|fungus beetle]]s, [[wikt:grain beetle|grain beetle]]s, [[wikt:lady beetle|lady beetle]]s, [[wikt:lizard beetle|lizard beetle]]s, [[wikt:Mexican bean beetle|Mexican bean beetle]]s, and other [[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Cucujoidea|Cucujoidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["ctenophores"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=animals in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Ctenophora|Ctenophora]], the [[comb jelly|comb jellies]]",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["culicomorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:biting midge|biting midge]]s, [[blackfly|blackflies]], [[wikt:blood worm|blood worm]]s, [[wikt:glassworm|glassworm]]s, [[wikt:meniscus midge|meniscus midge]]s, [[wikt:mosquito|mosquito]]s, [[wikt:no-see-um|no-see-um]]s, [[wikt:non-biting midge|non-biting midge]]s, [[wikt:phantom midge|phantom midge]]s and other [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Culicomorpha|Culicomorpha]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["cyprinids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:carp|carp]], [[wikt:minnow|minnow]]s, [[wikt:chub|chub]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cyprinidae|Cyprinidae]]. In some classifications, this group is known as the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Cyprinoidea|Cyprinoidea]] or [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Cyprinoidei|Cyprinoidei]], with the [[wikt:cyprinid|cyprinid]] [[subfamily|subfamilies]] considered to be families",
parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["dabbling ducks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:gadwall|gadwall]]s [[wikt:garganey|garganey]]s, [[wikt:mallard|mallard]]s, [[wikt:mottled duck|mottled duck]]s, [[wikt:pintail|pintail]]s, [[wikt:shoveler|shoveler]]s, [[wikt:teal|teal]]s, [[wikt:wigeon|wigeon]]s and other ducks in either the [[wikt:anatid|anatid]] [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Anatini|Anatini]] or [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Anatinae|Anatinae]], depending on the classification",
parents = {"ducks"},
}

labels["damselflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bluestreak|bluestreak]]s, [[wikt:bluetail|bluetail]]s, [[wikt:demoiselle|demoiselle]]s, [[wikt:flatwing|flatwing]]s, [[wikt:redtail|redtail]]s, [[wikt:riverdamsel|riverdamsel]]s, [[wikt:rubyspot|rubyspot]]s, [[wikt:spreadwing|spreadwing]]s, [[wikt:threadtail|threadtail]]s, [[wikt:whitetip|whitetip]]s, and other insects in the [[wikt:odonate|odonate]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Zygoptera|Zygoptera]]",
parents = {"dragonflies and damselflies"},
}

labels["danaine butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:clearwing|clearwing]]s, [[wikt:crow|crow]]s, [[wikt:milkweed|milkweed]]s, [[wikt:monarch|monarch]]s, [[paper kite butterfly|paper kite butterflies]], [[wikt:tiger|tiger]]s, [[wikt:wanderer|wanderer]]s and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[wikt:nymphalid|nymphalid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Danainae|Danainae]]",
parents = {"nymphalid butterflies"},
}

labels["dasyuromorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:thylacine|thylacine]]s, [[wikt:numbat|numbat]]s, [[wikt:dasyure|dasyure]]s, [[wikt:antechinus|antechinus]]es, [[wikt:dibbler|dibbler]]s, [[wikt:dunnart|dunnart]]s, [[wikt:mulgara|mulgara]]s. [[wikt:phascogale|phascogale]]s, [[wikt:planigale|planigale]]s, [[wikt:quoll|quoll]]s, [[wikt:Tasmanian devil|Tasmanian devil]]s, and other [[wikt:marsupial|marsupial]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Dasyuromorphia|Dasyuromorphia]]",
parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["decapods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crabs|crabs]], [[wikt:crayfish|crayfish]], [[wikt:lobster|lobster]]s, [[wikt:prawn|prawn]]s, ([[wikt:caridean|caridean]]) [[wikt:shrimp|shrimp]], and many other [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Decapoda|Decapoda]]",
parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["delphinids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=(oceanic) [[wikt:dolphin|dolphin]]s, [[wikt:grampus|grampus]]es, [[wikt:killer whale|killer whale]]s/[[wikt:orca|orca]]s, [[wikt:pilot whale|pilot whale]]s, and other [[wikt:cetacean|cetacean]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Delphinidae|Delphinidae]]",
additional = "Note: [[wikt:river dolphin|river dolphin]]s and [[wikt:porpoise|porpoise]]s are in other families.",
parents = {"cetaceans"},
}

labels["designer dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"dogs"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["dinosaurs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["dionychan spiders"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crab spider|crab spider]]s, [[wikt:flattie|flattie]]s, [[wikt:ground spider|ground spider]]s, [[wikt:huntsman spider|huntsman spider]]s, [[wikt:jumping spider|jumping spider]], [[wikt:scorpion spider|scorpion spider]]s, and other [[wikt:spiders|spiders]] in the [[wikt:entelegyne|entelegyne]] [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Dionycha|Dionycha]]",
parents = {"spiders"},
}

labels["dipterans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[fly|flies]], [[wikt:gnat|gnat]]s, [[wikt:midge|midge]]s, [[wikt:mosquito|mosquito]]s and other [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the order [[wikt:Diptera|Diptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"canids"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["domestic cats"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"cats"},
}

labels["dragonflies and damselflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=insects in the order [[wikt:Odonata|Odonata]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["ducks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"anatids", "poultry"},
}

labels["dugongs and manatees"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the order [[wikt:Sirenia|Sirenia]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["eagles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["earthworms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=worms in the [[wikt:annelid|annelid]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Lumbricina|Lumbricina]]",
parents = {"annelids"},
}

labels["earwigs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=insects in the order [[wikt:Dermaptera|Dermaptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["echinoderms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals"},
commonscat = "Echinodermata",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["eels"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:eel|eel]]s, elongated, snakelike fish in the order [[wikt:Anguilliformes|Anguilliformes]]",
parents = {"elopomorph fish"},
}

labels["elapid snakes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cobra|cobra]]s, [[wikt:coral snake|coral snake]]s, [[wikt:krait|krait]]s, [[wikt:mamba|mamba]]s, [[wikt:sea snake|sea snake]]s, and other [[wikt:venomous|venomous]] snakes in the family [[wikt:Elapidae|Elapidae]]",
parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["elateroid beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:click beetle|click beetle]]s/[[wikt:elaterid|elaterid]]s, [[wikt:fire beetle|fire beetle]]s, [[firefly|fireflies]]/[[wikt:lampyrid|lampyrid]]s, [[wikt:glowworm|glowworm]]s, [[wikt:net-winged beetle|net-winged beetle]]s/[[wikt:lycid|lycid]]s, [[wikt:railroad worm|railroad worm]]s/[[wikt:phengodid|phengodid]]s, [[wikt:soldier beetle|soldier beetle]]s/[[wikt:cantharid|cantharid]]s, [[wikt:throscid|throscid]]s, [[wikt:wireworm|wireworm]]s and other [[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Elateroidea|Elateroidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["elephants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
commonscat = "Elephantidae",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["elopomorph fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bonefish|bonefish]], [[wikt:eel|eel]]s, [[wikt:gulper eel|gulper eel]]s, [[wikt:halosaur|halosaur]]s, [[wikt:ladyfish|ladyfish]], [[wikt:tarpon|tarpon]] and other fish in the [[wikt:superorder|superorder]] [[wikt:Elopomorpha|Elopomorpha]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["emberizids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bunting|bunting]]s, [[wikt:yellowhammer|yellowhammer]]s and related birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Emberizidae|Emberizidae]]",
additional = "<u>Note</u>: for New World species that were formerly classified in this family, see [[:Category:{{{langcode}}}:New World sparrows]].",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["emydid turtles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=(North American) [[wikt:box turtle|box turtle]]s, [[wikt:chicken turtle|chicken turtle]]s, [[wikt:cooter|cooter]]s, [[wikt:ellachick|ellachick]]s, [[wikt:pond turtle|pond turtle]]s, [[wikt:slider|slider]]s, [[wikt:terrapin|terrapin]]s, and other [[wikt:turtle|turtle]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Emydidae|Emydidae]]",
parents = {"turtles"},
}

labels["equids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"odd-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["erinaceids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:erinaceid|erinaceid]]s – hedgehogs and relatives",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["euplerids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:euplerid|euplerid]]s — mongoose-like mammals found in Madagascar",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["even-toed ungulates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Artiodactyla|Artiodactyla]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["falconids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:caracara|caracara]]s, [[wikt:falcon|falcon]]s, [[hobby|hobbies]], [[wikt:kestrel|kestrel]]s, [[wikt:lanner|lanner]]s, [[wikt:merlin|merlin]]s, [[wikt:saker|saker]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Falconidae|Falconidae]]",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["felids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["female animals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals", "female"},
}

labels["fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"vertebrates"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["flamingos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["flatfish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sole|sole]]s, [[wikt:flounder|flounder]]s, [[wikt:halibut|halibut]]s and other fish in the order [[wikt:Pleuronectiformes|Pleuronectiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["flatworms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fluke|fluke]]s, [[wikt:monogenean|monogenean]]s, [[wikt:planarian|planarian]]s, [[wikt:polyclad|polyclad]]s, [[wikt:tapeworm|tapeworm]]s, and other animals in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Platyhelminthes|Platyhelminthes]]",
additional = "For terms related to the study of [[wikt:parasitic|parasitic]] [[worm#Noun|worms]], see [[:Category:Helminthology]] and its subcategories.",
parents = {"worms"},
}

labels["fleas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["fowls"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fowl|fowl]]s: land birds in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Galliformes|Galliformes]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["foxes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"canids"},
}

labels["freshwater birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds that live mainly in [[wikt:freshwater|freshwater]] areas, including [[wikt:estuaries|estuaries]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["freshwater whitefish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cisco|cisco]]s, [[wikt:houting|houting]]s, [[wikt:inconnu|inconnu]]s, [[wikt:lavaret|lavaret]]s, [[wikt:marena|marena]]s, [[wikt:omul|omul]]s, [[wikt:Otsego bass|Otsego bass]], [[wikt:peled|peled]]s, [[wikt:pollan|pollan]]s, [[wikt:roundfish|roundfish]], [[wikt:tullibee|tullibee]]s, [[wikt:vendace|vendace]]s, [[wikt:whitefish|whitefish]] and other fish in the [[wikt:salmonid|salmonid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Coregoninae|Coregoninae]]",
parents = {"salmonids"},
}

labels["frogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"anurans"},
}

labels["gadiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cod|cod]], [[wikt:haddock|haddock]], [[wikt:hake|hake]] and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Gadiformes|Gadiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["gasterosteiform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:stickleback|stickleback]]s, [[wikt:hypoptychid|hypoptychid]] [[wikt:sand eel|sand eel]]s, [[wikt:tubesnout|tubesnout]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Gasterosteiformes|Gasterosteiformes]]",
additional = "Note: See [[:Category:Syngnathiform fish]] for a group formerly included within this order.",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["gastropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mollusks"},
}

labels["geckos"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:lizard|lizard]]s in the [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Gekkota|Gekkota]], except for the [[wikt:legless lizards|legless lizards]] or [[wikt:pygopod|pygopod]]s",
parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["geese"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"anatids", "poultry"},
}

labels["geometrid moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:carpet|carpet]]s, [[wikt:engrailed|engrailed]]s, [[wikt:heath|heath]]s, [[wikt:pug|pug]]s, [[wikt:peppered moth|peppered moth]]s, [[wikt:streak|streak]]s, [[wikt:wave|wave]]s and other [[wikt:moth|moth]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Geometridae|Geometridae]], most of which have [[wikt:caterpillar|caterpillar]]s known as [[wikt:inchworm|inchworm]]s, [[wikt:looper|looper]]s, [[wikt:measuring worm|measuring worm]]s or [[wikt:spanworm|spanworm]]s",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["goats"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"caprines", "livestock"},
}

labels["gobies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[goby|gobies]], [[wikt:dartfish|dartfish]], [[wikt:mudskipper|mudskipper]]s, [[wikt:sea gudgeon|sea gudgeon]]s, [[wikt:sleeper|sleeper]]s, [[wikt:wormfish|wormfish]], and other [[wikt:fish|fish]] in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Gobioidei|Gobioidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["gossamer-winged butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blue|blue]]s, [[wikt:copper|copper]]s, [[wikt:elfin|elfin]]s, [[wikt:harvester|harvester]]s, [[wikt:hairstreak|hairstreak]]s, [[wikt:sunbeam|sunbeam]]s and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Lycaenidae|Lycaenidae]]",
parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["grebes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["grouse"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blackcock|blackcock]]s, [[wikt:capercaillie|capercaillie]]s, [[wikt:grouse|grouse]], [[wikt:moorcock|moorcock]]s, [[wikt:prairie chicken|prairie chicken]]s, [[wikt:ptarmigan|ptarmigan]]s, [[wikt:sagehen|sagehen]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:phasianid|phasianid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Tetraoninae|Tetraoninae]]",
parents = {"fowls"},
}

labels["gruiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:coot|coot]]s, [[wikt:crake|crake]]s, [[wikt:crane|crane]]s, [[wikt:finfoot|finfoot]]s, [[wikt:flufftail|flufftail]]s, [[wikt:gallinule|gallinule]]s, [[wikt:limpkin|limpkin]]s, [[wikt:rail|rail]]s, [[wikt:sungrebe|sungrebe]]s, [[wikt:trumpeter|trumpeter]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Gruiformes|Gruiformes]]",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["gulls"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:gull|gull]]s, [[wikt:seabird|seabird]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Laridae|Laridae]]",
parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["gun dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["hares"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lagomorphs"},
}

labels["hemipterans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aphid|aphid]]s, [[wikt:leafhopper|leafhopper]]s, [[wikt:scale insect|scale insect]]s, [[wikt:true bug|true bug]]s, [[whitefly|whiteflies]], and other [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the order [[wikt:Hemiptera|Hemiptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["herding dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"pastoral dogs"},
}

labels["herons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:heron|heron]]s, [[wikt:bittern|bittern]]s and [[wikt:egret|egret]]s",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["herpestids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:herpestid|herpestid]]s- mongooses, meerkats, and relatives",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["herrings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:herring|herring]]s, [[wikt:shad|shad]]s, [[wikt:sardine|sardine]]s and other fish in the family [[wikt:Clupeidae|Clupeidae]]",
parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["holostean fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:gar|gar]]s and [[wikt:bowfin|bowfin]]s, primitive fish in the [[wikt:infraclass|infraclass]] [[wikt:Holostei|Holostei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["hominids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["honeyeaters"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=Australian [[wikt:chat|chat]]s, [[wikt:bellbird|bellbird]]s, [[wikt:friarbird|friarbird]]s, [[wikt:gibberbird|gibberbird]]s, [[wikt:honeyeater|honeyeater]]s, [[wikt:miner|miner]]s, [[wikt:spinebill|spinebill]]s, [[wikt:wattlebird|wattlebird]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Meliphagidae|Meliphagidae]]",
parents = {"meliphagoid birds"},
}

labels["hoopoes and hornbills"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hoopoe|hoopoe]]s, [[wikt:woodhoopoe|woodhoopoe]]s (including [[wikt:scimitarbill|scimitarbill]]s), [[wikt:hornbill|hornbill]]s, [[wikt:ground hornbill|ground hornbill]]s, and other birds in the taxonomic order [[wikt:Bucerotiformes|Bucerotiformes]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["horseflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[blind-fly|blind-flies]], [[breezefly|breezeflies]], [[wikt:cleg|cleg]]s, [[deerfly|deerflies]], [[forest fly|forest flies]], [[gadfly|gadflies]], [[horsefly|horseflies]], [[oxfly|oxflies]], [[wikt:zimb|zimb]]s, and other biting flies in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Tabanidae|Tabanidae]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["horse breeds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"horses"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["horses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"equids", "livestock"},
}

labels["hummingbirds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"apodiforms"},
}

labels["hunting dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["hyaenids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["hydrozoans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bluebottle|bluebottle]]s, [[wikt:calycophoran|calycophoran]]s, [[wikt:filiferan|filiferan]]s, [[wikt:hydra|hydra]]s, [[wikt:hydractinian|hydractinian]]s, [[wikt:leptothecate|leptothecate]]s, [[wikt:narcomedusa|narcomedusa]]s, [[wikt:pandeid|pandeid]]s, [[wikt:physonect|physonect]]s, [[wikt:plumularian|plumularian]]s, [[wikt:Portuguese man-of-war|Portuguese man-of-war]]s, [[wikt:siphonophore|siphonophore]]s, [[wikt:stylaster|stylaster]]s, [[wikt:sea fir|sea fir]]s, [[wikt:sea ginger|sea ginger]], [[wikt:trachylid|trachylid]]s, [[wikt:trachymedusa|trachymedusa]]s, amd other animals in the [[wikt:cnidarian|cnidarian]] [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Hydrozoa|Hydrozoa]]",
parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["hymenopterans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ant|ant]]s, [[wikt:bee|bee]]s, [[wikt:ichneumon wasp|ichneumon wasp]]s, [[sawfly|sawflies]], [[wikt:wasp|wasp]]s and other [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the order [[wikt:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["hyraxes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["ibises and spoonbills"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ibis|ibis]]es and [[wikt:spoonbill|spoonbill]]s",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["ichthyosauromorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ichthyosaurs|ichthyosaurs]] and related groups of [[wikt:extinct|extinct]] [[wikt:aquatic|aquatic]] [[wikt:reptile|reptile]]s in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Ichthyosauromorpha|Ichthyosauromorpha]]",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["icterids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:New World|New World]] [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Icteridae|Icteridae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["iguanoid lizards"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anole|anole]]s, [[wikt:basilisk|basilisk]]s, [[wikt:collared lizard|collared lizard]]s, [[wikt:chuckwalla|chuckwalla]]s, [[wikt:fence lizard|fence lizard]]s, [[wikt:fringe-toed lizard|fringe-toed lizard]]s, [[wikt:horned lizard|horned lizard]]s, [[wikt:iguana|iguana]]s, [[wikt:leopard lizard|leopard lizard]]s, [[wikt:side-blotched lizard|side-blotched lizard]]s, [[wikt:zebra-tailed lizard|zebra-tailed lizard]]s and other [[wikt:lizard|lizard]]s formerly included in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Iguanidae|Iguanidae]], and now mostly treated as comprising either the [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Pleurodonta|Pleurodonta]] or the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Iguanoidea|Iguanoidea]]",
parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["insects"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["isopods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:gribble|gribble]]s, [[wikt:pillbug|pillbug]]s, [[wikt:salve bug|salve bug]]s, [[wikt:slater|slater]]s, [[wikt:sea slater|sea slater]]s, [[wikt:sowbug|sowbug]]s, [[woodlouse|woodlice]], and other [[wikt:crustacean|crustacean]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Isopoda|Isopoda]]",
parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["jackfish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:jack|jack]]s, [[wikt:pompano|pompano]]s, [[wikt:jack mackerel|jack mackerel]]s, [[wikt:scad|scad]]s and other fish in the family [[wikt:Carangidae|Carangidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["jawless fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:lamprey|lamprey]]s and [[wikt:hagfish|hagfish]]: primitive eel-like fishes that have no jaws",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["kingfishers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"coraciiforms"},
}

labels["kites (birds)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hawk|hawk]]s in the [[wikt:accipitrid|accipitrid]] [[subfamily|subfamilies]] [[wikt:Milvinae|Milvinae]] and [[wikt:Elaninae|Elaninae]], as well as some in the subfamily [[wikt:Perninae|Perninae]]",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["kyphosid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blackfish|blackfish]], [[wikt:drummer|drummer]]s, [[wikt:footballer|footballer]]s, [[wikt:greenfish|greenfish]], [[wikt:halfmoon|halfmoon]]s, [[wikt:luderick|luderick]]s, [[wikt:mado|mado]]s, [[wikt:moonlighter|moonlighter]]s, [[wikt:nibbler|nibbler]]s, [[wikt:opaleye|opaleye]]s, [[wikt:sea chub|sea chub]]s, [[wikt:stripey|stripey]]s, [[wikt:sweep|sweep]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:percoid|percoid]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Kyphosidae|Kyphosidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["labroid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anemonefish|anemonefish]], [[wikt:cale|cale]]s, [[wikt:cichlid|cichlid]]s, [[wikt:clownfish|clownfish]], [[wikt:damselfish|damselfish]], [[wikt:parrotfish|parrotfish]], [[wikt:surfperch|surfperch]], [[wikt:wrasse|wrasse]]s, and other fish in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Labroidei|Labroidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["labyrinth fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:climbing perch|climbing perch]], [[wikt:gourami|gourami]]s, [[wikt:paradisefish|paradisefish]], [[wikt:Siamese fighting fish|Siamese fighting fish]] and other fish in the [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Anabantoidei|Anabantoidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["lacertoid lizards"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amphisbaena|amphisbaena]]s, [[wikt:caiman lizard|caiman lizard]]s, [[wikt:green lizard|green lizard]]s, [[wikt:ocellated lizard|ocellated lizard]]s, [[wikt:racerunner|racerunner]]s, [[wikt:rock lizard|rock lizard]]s, [[wikt:tegu|tegu]]s, [[wikt:teiid|teiid]]s, [[wikt:thunderworm|thunderworm]]s, [[wikt:viviparous lizard|viviparous lizard]]s, [[wikt:wall lizard|wall lizard]]s, [[wikt:whiptail|whiptail]]s, and other [[wikt:lizard|lizard]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Lacertoidea|Lacertoidea]]",
parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["lagomorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["lamniform sharks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:basking shark|basking shark]]s, [[wikt:goblin shark|goblin shark]]s, [[wikt:great white shark|great white shark]]s, [[wikt:mako shark|mako shark]]s, [[wikt:megamouth shark|megamouth shark]]s, [[wikt:porbeagle|porbeagle]]s, [[wikt:sand shark|sand shark]]s, [[wikt:thresher shark|thresher shark]]s, and other [[wikt:shark|shark]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Lamniformes|Lamniformes]]",
parents = {"sharks"},
}

labels["lampriform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:crestfish|crestfish]], [[wikt:oarfish|oarfish]], [[wikt:opah|opah]]s, [[wikt:ribbonfish|ribbonfish]], [[wikt:velifer|velifer]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Lampridiformes|Lampridiformes]] (not to be confused with the unrelated [[wikt:lamprey|lamprey]]s)",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["larks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["laughingthrushes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Leiothrichidae|Leiothrichidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["leaf warblers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the family [[wikt:Phylloscopidae|Phylloscopidae]]",
parents = {"warblers"},
}

labels["lesser apes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:gibbon|gibbon]]s (including [[wikt:hoolock|hoolock]]s, [[wikt:lar gibbon|lar gibbon]]s [[wikt:wow-wow|wow-wow]]s, etc.) and [[wikt:siamang|siamang]]s, comprising the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Hylobatidae|Hylobatidae]], which is closely related to the [[wikt:hominid|hominid]]s",
parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["leuciscine fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bream|bream]]s, [[wikt:chub|chub]]s, [[wikt:dace|dace]]s, [[wikt:ide|ide]]s, many [[wikt:minnow|minnow]]s, [[wikt:nase|nase]]s, [[wikt:roach|roach]]es, [[wikt:shiner|shiner]]s, [[wikt:ziege|ziege]]s, and other fish in the [[wikt:cyprinid|cyprinid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Leuciscinae|Leuciscinae]], sometimes treated as the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Leuciscidae|Leuciscidae]], or as the [[wikt:tribe|tribe]] [[wikt:Leuciscini|Leuciscini]] within the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Cyprininae|Cyprininae]]",
parents = {"cyprinids"},
}

labels["libellulid dragonflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amberwing|amberwing]]s, [[wikt:basker|basker]]s, [[wikt:darter|darter]]s, [[wikt:dropwing|dropwing]]s, [[wikt:duskhawk|duskhawk]]s, [[wikt:flutterer|flutterer]]s, [[wikt:glider|glider]]s, [[wikt:meadowhawk|meadowhawk]]s, [[wikt:pennant|pennant]]s, [[wikt:percher|percher]]s, [[wikt:skimmer|skimmer]]s, [[wikt:slimwing|slimwing]]s, [[wikt:swampdragon|swampdragon]]s, [[wikt:twister|twister]]s, and other [[dragonfly|dragonflies]] in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Libellulidae|Libellulidae]]",
parents = {"dragonflies and damselflies"},
}

labels["lice"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:parasitic|parasitic]] insects in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Psocodea|Psocodea]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["limenitidine butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:admiral|admiral]]s, [[wikt:clipper|clipper]]s, [[wikt:count|count]]s, [[wikt:duke|duke]]s, [[wikt:purple|purple]]s, [[wikt:sister|sister]]s, and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[wikt:nymphalid|nymphalid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Limenitidinae|Limenitidinae]]",
parents = {"nymphalid butterflies"},
}

labels["littorinimorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:boat shell|boat shell]]s, [[wikt:carrier shell|carrier shell]]s, [[wikt:conch|conch]]s, [[cowry|cowries]], [[wikt:flamingo tongue|flamingo tongue]]s, [[wikt:helmet shell|helmet shell]]s, [[wikt:moon snail|moon snail]]s, [[wikt:pebblesnail|pebblesnail]]s, [[wikt:trumpet shell|trumpet shell]]s, [[wikt:velutinid|velutinid]]s, [[wikt:winkle|winkle]]s, [[wikt:worm-shell|worm-shell]]s, and other [[wikt:gastropod|gastropod]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Littorinimorpha|Littorinimorpha]]",
parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["livestock guardian dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"pastoral dogs"},
}

labels["lizards"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["loaches"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the [[wikt:cypriniform|cypriniform]] [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Cobitoidea|Cobitoidea]]",
parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["lobe-finned fishes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:coelacanth|coelacanth]]s, [[wikt:lungfish|lungfish]] and other fishes in the [[wikt:subclass|subclass]] [[wikt:Sarcopterygii|Sarcopterygii]] of the [[wikt:bony fish|bony fish]]es",
additional = "<u>Please note</u>: although the [[wikt:tetrapod|tetrapod]]s (including all [[wikt:reptile|reptile]]s, [[wikt:amphibian|amphibian]]s, [[wikt:bird|bird]]s and [[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s) are descended from within this group, they are excluded from this category by not being fish.",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["loons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:loon|loon]]s, birds known as [[wikt:diver|diver]]s outside the US",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["macaques"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Barbary ape|Barbary ape]]s, [[wikt:bonnet monkey|bonnet monkey]]s, [[wikt:crab-eating macaque|crab-eating macaque]]s, [[wikt:Japanese macaque|Japanese macaque]]s, [[wikt:moor macaque|moor macaque]]s, [[wikt:pigtail macaque|pigtail macaque]]s, [[wikt:rhesus monkey|rhesus monkey]]s, [[wikt:toque|toque]]s, and other [[wikt:Old World monkey|Old World monkey]]s in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Macaca|Macaca]]''",
parents = {"Old World monkeys"},
}

labels["macropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bettong|bettong]]s, [[wikt:kangaroo|kangaroo]]s, [[wikt:pademelon|pademelon]]s, [[wikt:potoroo|potoroo]]s, [[wikt:quokka|quokka]]s, [[wikt:wallaby|wallaby]]s, and other [[wikt:marsupial|marsupial]]s in the [[wikt:diprotodont|diprotodont]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Macropodiformes|Macropodiformes]]",
parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["malaconotoid birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Australian magpie|Australian magpie]]s, [[wikt:bushshrike|bushshrike]]s, [[wikt:butcherbird|butcherbird]]s, [[wikt:boubou|boubou]]s, [[wikt:brubru|brubru]]s, [[wikt:currawong|currawong]]s, [[wikt:gonolek|gonolek]]s, [[wikt:squeaker|squeaker]]s, [[wikt:vanga|vanga]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Malaconotoidea|Malaconotoidea]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["male animals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals", "male"},
}

labels["mammals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"vertebrates"},
}

labels["mantids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=insects in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Mantodea|Mantodea]], often known as [[wikt:praying mantis|praying mantis]]es",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["marsupials"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["mayflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=insects in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Ephemeroptera|Ephemeroptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["megalopterans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[alderfly|alderflies]], [[dobsonfly|dobsonflies]], [[fishfly|fishflies]] and other insects in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Megaloptera|Megaloptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["meliphagoid birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blue wren|blue wren]]s, [[wikt:bristlebird|bristlebird]]s, [[wikt:emu-wren|emu-wren]]s, [[wikt:fairywren|fairywren]]s, [[wikt:gerygone|gerygone]]s, [[wikt:grasswren|grasswren]]s, [[wikt:honeyeater|honeyeater]]s, [[wikt:pardalote|pardalote]]s, [[wikt:pilotbird|pilotbird]]s, [[wikt:redthroat|redthroat]]s, [[wikt:scrubwren|scrubwren]]s, [[wikt:thornbill|thornbill]]s, [[wikt:weebill|weebill]]s, [[wikt:whiteface|whiteface]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Meliphagoidea|Meliphagoidea]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["mephitids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mephitid|mephitid]]s: skunks and stink badgers",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["mergansers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diving|diving]] [[wikt:duck|duck]]s in the [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Mergus|Mergus]]'' and a few similar species",
parents = {"ducks"},
}

labels["mimids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:catbird|catbird]]s, [[wikt:mockingbird|mockingbird]]s, [[wikt:thrasher|thrasher]]s and other birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Mimidae|Mimidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["mites and ticks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:arachnid|arachnid]]s in the [[wikt:subclass|subclass]] [[wikt:Acari|Acari]]",
parents = {"arachnids"},
}

labels["mollusks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals"},
commonscat = "Mollusca",
wpcat = "Molluscs",
}

labels["monkeys"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["monotremes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["mosquitoes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Culicidae|Culicidae]]",
parents = {"culicomorphs"},
}

labels["moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["murids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=a number of [[wikt:rats|rats]], [[wikt:mice|mice]], and other [[wikt:rodent|rodent]]s in the [[wikt:Old World|Old World]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Muridae|Muridae]]",
parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["muscicapids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Muscicapidae|Muscicapidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["muscoid flies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anthomyiid|anthomyiid]]s such as [[root fly|root flies]], [[cabbage fly|cabbage flies]] and [[onion fly|onion flies]]; [[wikt:fanniid|fanniid]]s; [[wikt:muscid|muscid]]s such as [[housefly|houseflies]], [[face fly|face flies]] and [[stable fly|stable flies]]; [[wikt:scathophagid|scathophagid]]s such as [[dungfly|dungflies]]; and other [[fly|flies]] in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Muscoidea|Muscoidea]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["mustelids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["mygalomorph spiders"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:baboon spider|baboon spider]]s, [[wikt:barking spider|barking spider]]s, [[wikt:bird spider|bird spider]]s, [[wikt:purseweb spider|purseweb spider]]s, [[wikt:tarantula|tarantula]]s, [[wikt:trapdoor spider|trapdoor spider]]s, and other [[wikt:spider|spider]]s in the [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Mygalomorphae|Mygalomorphae]]",
parents = {"spiders"},
}

labels["myriapods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:centipede|centipede]]s, [[wikt:millipede|millipede]]s, [[wikt:pauropod|pauropod]]s, [[wikt:symphylan|symphylan]]s, and other [[wikt:arthropod|arthropod]]s in the [[wikt:subphylum|subphylum]] [[wikt:Myriapoda|Myriapoda]]",
parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["myrmicine ants"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ant|ant]]s in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Myrmicinae|Myrmicinae]]",
parents = {"ants"},
}

labels["nematodes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:filaria|filaria]], [[wikt:gapeworm|gapeworm]]s, [[wikt:lungworm|lungworm]]s, [[wikt:pinworm|pinworm]]s, [[wikt:threadworm|threadworm]]s, [[wikt:wheatworm|wheatworm]]s, [[wikt:whipworm|whipworm]]s and other [[wikt:worm|worm]]s in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Nematoda|Nematoda]]",
parents = {"worms"},
}

labels["neogastropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:admiral shell|admiral shell]]s, [[wikt:cone snail|cone snail]]s, [[wikt:harp shell|harp shell]]s, [[wikt:murex|murex]]es, [[wikt:olive|olive]]s, [[wikt:rhombus|rhombus]]es, [[wikt:spindle|spindle]]s, [[wikt:tulip shell|tulip shell]]s, [[wikt:turnip shell|turnip shell]]s, [[wikt:volute|volute]]s, [[wikt:whelk|whelk]]s, [[wikt:winkle|winkle]]s and other [[wikt:gastropod|gastropod]]s in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Neogastropoda|Neogastropoda]] (treated as an [[wikt:order|order]] in some classifications)",
parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["New World monkeys"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:capuchin|capuchin]]s, [[wikt:howler monkey|howler monkey]]s, [[wikt:marmoset|marmoset]]s, [[wikt:night monkey|night monkey]]s, [[wikt:saki|saki]]s, [[wikt:spider monkey|spider monkey]]s, [[wikt:squirrel monkey|squirrel monkey]]s, [[wikt:tamarin|tamarin]]s, [[wikt:titi|titi]]s, [[wikt:uakari|uakari]]s, [[wikt:woolly monkey|woolly monkey]]s, and other [[wikt:monkey|monkey]]s in the [[wikt:parvorder|parvorder]] [[wikt:Platyrrhini|Platyrrhini]]",
parents = {"monkeys"},
}

labels["New World quails"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Odontophoridae|Odontophoridae]], most of which live in the [[wikt:New World|New World]] and are known as [[wikt:quail|quail]]s, but the family also includes the African [[wikt:genus|genus]] ''[[wikt:Ptilopachus|Ptilopachus]]'' and some [[wikt:species|species]] are known as partridges",
parents = {"fowls"},
}

labels["New World sparrows"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sparrow|sparrow]]- and [[wikt:finch|finch]]-like birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Passerellidae|Passerellidae]], until recently considered part of the family [[wikt:Emberizidae|Emberizidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["New World warblers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the family [[wikt:Parulidae|Parulidae]]",
parents = {"warblers"},
}

labels["neuropterans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:antlion|antlion]]s, [[wikt:lacewing|lacewing]]s, [[mantisfly|mantisflies]], [[owlfly|owlflies]] and other insects in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Neuroptera|Neuroptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["newts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:terrestrial|terrestrial]] [[wikt:salamander|salamander]]s in the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Pleurodelinae|Pleurodelinae]]",
parents = {"salamanders"},
}

labels["noctuoid moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:armyworm|armyworm]]s, [[wikt:cinnabar|cinnabar]]s, [[wikt:corn earworm|corn earworm]]s, [[wikt:cutworm|cutworm]]s, [[wikt:gypsy moth|gypsy moth]]s, [[wikt:owlet moth|owlet moth]]s, [[processionary|processionaries]], [[wikt:tiger moth|tiger moth]]s, [[wikt:underwing|underwing]]s, [[wikt:wainscot|wainscot]]s, [[wikt:wooly bear|wooly bear]]s, and many other [[wikt:moth|moth]]s (and [[wikt:caterpillar|caterpillar]]s) in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Noctuoidea|Noctuoidea]]",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["nudibranchs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sea slug|sea slug]]s in the [[wikt:gastropod|gastropod]] [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Nudibranchia|Nudibranchia]]",
parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["nymphalid butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:admiral|admiral]]s, [[wikt:brown|brown]]s, [[wikt:buckeye|buckeye]]s, [[wikt:checkerspot|checkerspot]]s, [[wikt:emperor|emperor]]s, [[fritillary|fritillaries]], [[wikt:leafwing|leafwing]]s, [[wikt:longwing|longwing]]s, [[wikt:monarch|monarch]]s, [[wikt:morpho|morpho]]s, [[painted lady|painted ladies]], [[wikt:ringlet|ringlet]]s, [[wikt:satyr|satyr]]s, [[wikt:sister|sister]]s, [[wikt:snout|snout]]s, [[wikt:tortoiseshell|tortoiseshell]]s, and other butterflies in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Nymphalidae|Nymphalidae]]",
parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["octopuses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"cephalopods"},
}

labels["odd-toed ungulates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Perissodactyla|Perissodactyla]], including the [[wikt:equid|equid]]s, [[wikt:tapir|tapir]]s and [[wikt:rhinoceros|rhinoceros]]es",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["oestroid flies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[blowfly|blowflies]], [[wikt:bluebottle|bluebottle]]s, [[botfly|botflies]], [[flesh fly|flesh fles]], [[wikt:greenbottle|greenbottle]]s, [[mango fly|mango flies]], [[wikt:screwworm|screwworm]]s, [[wikt:tachinid|tachinid]]s, [[wikt:torsalo|torsalo]]s, [[tumbu fly|tumbu flies]], [[warble fly|warble flies]], and other flies in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Oestroidea|Oestroidea]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["Old World monkeys"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:baboon|baboon]]s, [[wikt:colobus|colobus]], [[wikt:douc|douc]]s, [[wikt:gelada|gelada]]s, [[wikt:green monkey|green monkey]]s, [[wikt:grivet|grivet]]s, [[wikt:langur|langur]]s, [[wikt:malbrouck|malbrouck]]s, [[wikt:mandrill|mandrill]]s, [[wikt:mangabey|mangabey]]s, [[wikt:patas monkey|patas monkey]]s, [[wikt:proboscis monkey|proboscis monkey]]s, [[wikt:talapoin|talapoin]]s, [[wikt:vervet|vervet]]s, and other [[wikt:monkeys|monkeys]] in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cercopithecidae|Cercopithecidae]], the only [[wikt:members|members]] of the [[wikt:parvorder|parvorder]] [[wikt:Catarrhini|Catarrhini]] aside from the greater/lesser apes and humans",
parents = {"monkeys"},
}

labels["Old World orioles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:perching bird|perching bird]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Oriolidae|Oriolidae]], which are not closely related to the New World orioles in the family [[wikt:Icteridae|Icteridae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["ornithopods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:camptosaurid|camptosaurid]]s, [[wikt:hadrosaur|hadrosaur]]s, [[wikt:iguanodontid|iguanodontid]]s, [[wikt:lambeosaurid|lambeosaurid]]s, [[wikt:rhabdodontid|rhabdodontid]]s, [[wikt:saurolophid|saurolophid]]s, [[wikt:thescelosaurid|thescelosaurid]]s, [[wikt:trachodontid|trachodontid]]s, and other [[wikt:dinosaur|dinosaur]]s in the [[wikt:ornithischian|ornithischian]] [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Ornithopoda|Ornithopoda]]",
parents = {"dinosaurs"},
}

labels["osteoglossomorph fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aba|aba]]s, [[wikt:arapaima|arapaima]]s, [[wikt:arowana|arowana]]s, [[wikt:butterfly fish|butterfly fish]], [[wikt:elephantfish|elephantfish]], [[wikt:featherback|featherback]]s, [[wikt:mooneye|mooneye]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:superorder|superorder]] [[wikt:Osteoglossomorpha|Osteoglossomorpha]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["otariid seals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Otariidae|Otariidae]], including the [[wikt:fur seal|fur seal]]s and [[wikt:sea lion|sea lion]]s",
parents = {"pinnipeds"},
}

labels["otidimorph birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bustard|bustard]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Otididae|Otididae]] and [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Otidiformes|Otidiformes]]; [[wikt:turaco|turaco]]s or [[wikt:lourie|lourie]]s, [[wikt:go-away bird|go-away bird]]s, [[wikt:plantain-eater|plantain-eater]]s, etc., in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Musophagidae|Musophagidae]] and [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Musophagiformes|Musophagiformes]]; and [[wikt:cuckoo|cuckoo]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Cuculidae|Cuculidae]] and [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Cuculiformes|Cuculiformes]]; all in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Otidimorphae|Otidimorphae]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["otocephalan fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[anchovy|anchovies]], [[wikt:beaked salmon|beaked salmon]], [[wikt:carp|carp]], [[wikt:catfish|catfish]], [[wikt:characin|characin]]s, [[wikt:electric eel|electric eel]]s, [[wikt:ghost knifefish|ghost knifefish]], [[wikt:herring|herring]]s, [[wikt:loach|loach]]es, [[wikt:milkfish|milkfish]], [[wikt:minnow|minnow]]s, [[wikt:mousefish|mousefish]], [[wikt:slickhead|slickhead]]s, [[wikt:sucker|sucker]]s, [[wikt:tubeshoulder|tubeshoulder]]s, and other fish in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Otocephala|Otocephala]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["ovenbirds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:suboscine|suboscine]] family [[wikt:Furnariidae|Furnariidae]], including the former family Dendrocolaptidae (now the [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Dendrocolaptinae|Dendrocolaptinae]])",
parents = {"suboscines"},
}

labels["owls"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["pangolins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Pholidota|Pholidota]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["panthers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:panther|panther]]s in the sense of members of the genus ''[[wikt:Panthera|Panthera]]''",
parents = {"felids"},
}

labels["parrots"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["pastoral dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["penguins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["pentatomoid bugs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:acanthosomatid|acanthosomatid]]s, [[wikt:burrowing bug|burrowing bug]]s, [[wikt:jewel bug|jewel bug]]s, [[wikt:shield bug|shield bug]]s, [[wikt:stinkbug|stinkbug]]s, [[wikt:thyreocorid|thyreocorid]]s, and other [[wikt:true bug|true bug]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Pentatomoidea|Pentatomoidea]]",
parents = {"true bugs"},
}

labels["perch and darters"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Percidae|Percidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["perching birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:passerine|passerine]]s or perching birds: members of the order [[wikt:Passeriformes|Passeriformes]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["percoid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:archerfish|archerfish]], [[wikt:bass|bass]], [[wikt:bigeye|bigeye]]s, [[wikt:bluefish|bluefish]], [[wikt:butterflyfish|butterflyfish]], [[wikt:cardinalfish|cardinalfish]], [[wikt:cobia|cobia]], [[wikt:croaker|croaker]]s, [[wikt:flagtail|flagtail]]s, [[wikt:goatfish|goatfish]], [[wikt:grouper|grouper]]s, [[wikt:grunt|grunt]]s, [[wikt:horse mackerel|horse mackerel]], [[wikt:jack|jack]]s, [[wikt:jawfish|jawfish]], [[wikt:leaffish|leaffish]], [[wikt:mahi-mahi|mahi-mahi]], [[wikt:mojarra|mojarra]], [[wikt:perch|perch]], [[wikt:pomfret|pomfret]]s, [[wikt:pompano|pompano]], [[wikt:ponyfish|ponyfish]], [[porgy|porgies]], [[wikt:remora|remora]]s, [[wikt:roosterfish|roosterfish]], [[wikt:sea bass|sea bass]], [[wikt:sea bream|sea bream]], [[wikt:snapper|snapper]], [[wikt:sunfish|sunfish]], [[wikt:sweeper|sweeper]]s, [[wikt:threadfin|threadfin]], [[wikt:tilefish|tilefish]], [[wikt:wreckfish|wreckfish]], and other [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] fish in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Percoidea|Percoidea]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["phiomorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blesmol|blesmol]]s, [[wikt:sand mole|sand mole]]s, [[wikt:mole rat|mole rat]]s, [[wikt:dassie rat|dassie rat]]s or [[wikt:rock rat|rock rat]]s, [[wikt:Old World porcupine|Old World porcupine]]s, [[wikt:cane rat|cane rat]]s or [[wikt:grasscutter|grasscutter]]s and other [[wikt:rodent|rodent]]s in the parvorder [[wikt:Phiomorpha|Phiomorpha]], which is the Old World counterpart of the [[wikt:caviomorph|caviomorph]]s",
parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["phocid seals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Phocidae|Phocidae]], including the [[wikt:earless seal|earless seal]]s (also known as [[wikt:true seal|true seal]]s)",
parents = {"pinnipeds"},
}

labels["piciforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:woodpecker|woodpecker]]s, [[wikt:aracari|aracari]]s, [[wikt:coppersmith|coppersmith]]s, [[wikt:honeyguide|honeyguide]]s, [[wikt:jacamar|jacamar]]s, [[wikt:nunlet|nunlet]]s, [[wikt:puffbird|puffbird]]s, [[wikt:toucan|toucan]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Piciformes|Piciformes]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["pierid butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:brimstone|brimstone]]s, [[wikt:orange tip|orange tip]]s, [[wikt:sulfur|sulfur]]s, [[wikt:white|white]]s and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Pieridae|Pieridae]]",
parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["pigs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"even-toed ungulates", "livestock"},
commonscat = "Suidae",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["pikes (fish)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Esocidae|Esocidae]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["pinnipeds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["pipits and wagtails"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Motacillidae|Motacillidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["placoderms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:extinct|extinct]] armored fish of the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Placodermi|Placodermi]] from the [[wikt:Silurian|Silurian]] and [[wikt:Devonian|Devonian]] [[wikt:geologic|geologic]] [[wikt:period|period]]s",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["plovers and lapwings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=birds in the [[wikt:charadriiform|charadriiform]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Charadriidae|Charadriidae]]",
parents = {"shorebirds"},
}

labels["pomfrets"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Bramidae|Bramidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["primates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
commonscat = true,
wpcat = true,
}

labels["procyonids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:procyonid|procyonid]]s: ([[wikt:raccoon|raccoon]]s, [[wikt:coati|coati]]s, [[wikt:kinkajou|kinkajou]]s, [[wikt:olingo|olingo]]s, [[wikt:ringtail|ringtail]]s and [[wikt:cacomistle|cacomistle]]s)",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["prosimians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["pterosaurs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["pyraloid moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bee moth|bee moth]]s, [[wikt:flour moth|flour moth]]s, [[wikt:leaf crumpler|leaf crumpler]]s, [[wikt:magpie moth|magpie moth]]s, [[wikt:melonworm|melonworm]]s, [[wikt:mint moth|mint moth]]s, [[wikt:orangeworm|orangeworm]]s, [[wikt:pantry moth|pantry moth]]s, [[wikt:pickleworm|pickleworm]]s, [[wikt:snout moth|snout moth]]s, [[wikt:veneer moth|veneer moth]]s, [[wikt:wax moth|wax moth]]s and other [[wikt:crambid|crambid]] and [[wikt:pyralid|pyralid]] [[wikt:moths|moths]] in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Pyraloidea|Pyraloidea]]",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["rabbits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"lagomorphs"},
}

labels["rallids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:rallid|rallid]]s: [[wikt:rail|rail]]s and other birds in the family [[wikt:Rallidae|Rallidae]]",
parents = {"gruiforms"},
}

labels["ratites"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ratite|ratite]]s: birds in the superorder [[wikt:Palaeognathae|Palaeognathae]], including large flightless birds such as [[wikt:ostrich|ostrich]]es, and [[wikt:emu|emu]]s, as well as the smaller [[wikt:kiwi|kiwi]]s and [[wikt:flighted|flighted]] [[wikt:tinamous|tinamous]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["rays and skates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:fish|fish]] in the superorder [[wikt:Batoidea|Batoidea]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["reindeers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"cervids"},
}

labels["reptiles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"vertebrates"},
commonscat = "Reptilia",
wpcat = true,
}

labels["retrievers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"gun dogs"},
}

labels["rhinoceroses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:rhinoceros|rhinoceros]]es, [[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:perissodactylic|perissodactylic]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Rhinocerotidae|Rhinocerotidae]]",
parents = {"odd-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["rodents"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["salamanders"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:amphiuma|amphiuma]]s, [[wikt:axolotl|axolotl]]s, [[wikt:hellbender|hellbender]]s, [[mud puppy|mud puppies]], [[wikt:olm|olm]]s, [[wikt:newt|newt]]s, [[wikt:salamander|salamander]]s, [[wikt:siren|siren]]s, and other [[wikt:amphibian|amphibian]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Caudata|Caudata]]",
parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["salmonids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:salmon|salmon]]s, [[wikt:trout|trout]], and other fish in the family [[wikt:Salmonidae|Salmonidae]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["saturniid moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:Atlas moth|Atlas moth]]s, [[wikt:cecropia|cecropia]]s, [[wikt:hickory horned devil|hickory horned devil]]s, [[wikt:io moth|io moth]]s, [[wikt:luna moth|luna moth]]s, [[wikt:polyphemus moth|polyphemus moth]]s, and other [[wikt:moth|moth]]s (and [[wikt:caterpillar|caterpillar]]s) in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Saturniidae|Saturniidae]]",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["satyrine butterflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:brown|brown]]s, [[wikt:forester|forester]]s, [[wikt:grayling|grayling]]s, [[wikt:heath|heath]]s, [[palmfly|palmflies]], [[wikt:ringlet|ringlet]]s, [[wikt:satyr|satyr]]s, and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[wikt:nymphalid|nymphalid]] [[wikt:subfamily|subfamily]] [[wikt:Satyrinae|Satyrinae]]",
parents = {"nymphalid butterflies"},
}

labels["sauropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:apatosaur|apatosaur]]s, [[wikt:brachiosaur|brachiosaur]]s, [[wikt:brontosaur|brontosaur]]s, [[wikt:camarasaur|camarasaur]]s, [[wikt:cetiosaur|cetiosaur]]s, [[wikt:diplodocus|diplodocus]]es, [[wikt:saltasaurid|saltasaurid]]s, [[wikt:titanosaurian|titanosaurian]]s, [[wikt:turiasaur|turiasaur]]s, [[wikt:vulcanodontid|vulcanodontid]]s, and other [[wikt:dinosaurs|dinosaurs]] in the [[wikt:saurischian|saurischian]] [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Sauropoda|Sauropoda]]",
parents = {"dinosaurs"},
}

labels["sauropterygians"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:elasmosaur|elasmosaur]]s, [[wikt:placodont|placodont]]s, [[wikt:plesiosaur|plesiosaur]]s, and other extinct aquatic [[wikt:reptile|reptile]]s in the [[wikt:superorder|superorder]] [[wikt:Sauropterygia|Sauropterygia]]",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["sawflies and wood wasps"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:horntail|horntail]]s, [[wikt:pigeon tremex|pigeon tremex]], [[wikt:rose slug|rose slug]]s, [[sawfly|sawflies]], [[wikt:wood wasp|wood wasp]]s, and other primitive [[wikt:hymenopteran|hymenopteran]]s in the [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Symphyta|Symphyta]]",
parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["scale insects"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Coccoidea|Coccoidea]]",
parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["scarabaeoids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cockchafer|cockchafer]]s, [[wikt:dor|dor]]s, [[wikt:dung beetle|dung beetle]]s, [[wikt:June beetle|June beetle]]s, [[wikt:rain beetle|rain beetle]]s, [[wikt:rose chafer|rose chafer]]s, [[wikt:scarab|scarab]]s, [[wikt:stag beetle|stag beetle]]s, and other beetles in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Scarabaeoidea|Scarabaeoidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["scenthounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["scincomorph lizards"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:blue-tongue lizard|blue-tongue lizard]]s, [[wikt:night lizard|night lizard]]s, [[wikt:sandfish|sandfish]], [[wikt:skink|skink]]s, [[wikt:sungazer|sungazer]]s, and other [[wikt:lizard|lizard]]s in the [[wikt:infraorder|infraorder]] [[wikt:Scincomorpha|Scincomorpha]]",
parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["scolopacids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:curlew|curlew]]s, [[wikt:dunlin|dunlin]]s, [[wikt:godwit|godwit]]s, [[wikt:knot|knot]]s, [[wikt:redshank|redshank]]s, [[wikt:ruff|ruff]]s, [[wikt:sandpiper|sandpiper]]s, [[wikt:snipe|snipe]]s, [[wikt:stint|stint]]s, [[wikt:turnstone|turnstone]]s, [[wikt:tattler|tattler]]s, [[wikt:whimbrel|whimbrel]]s, [[wikt:woodcock|woodcock]]s, [[wikt:yellowleg|yellowleg]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:charadriiform|charadriiform]] [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Scolopacidae|Scolopacidae]]",
parents = {"shorebirds"},
}

labels["scombroids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:mackerel|mackerel]]s, [[wikt:tuna|tuna]]s, [[wikt:barracuda|barracuda]]s, [[wikt:swordfish|swordfish]], and other fish in the suborder [[wikt:Scombroidei|Scombroidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["scorpaeniform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bullhead|bullhead]]s, [[wikt:cabezon|cabezon]], [[wikt:golomyanka|golomyanka]], [[wikt:greenling|greenling]]s, [[wikt:gurnard|gurnard]]s, [[wikt:Irish lord|Irish lord]], [[wikt:lionfish|lionfish]], [[wikt:lumpsucker|lumpsucker]]s, [[wikt:pigfish|pigfish]], [[wikt:poacher|poacher]]s, [[wikt:sablefish|sablefish]], [[wikt:scorpionfish|scorpionfish]], [[wikt:sculpin|sculpin]]s, [[wikt:sea raven|sea raven]]s, [[wikt:sea toad|sea toad]]s, [[wikt:skilfish|skilfish]], [[wikt:snailfish|snailfish]], [[wikt:stonefish|stonefish]], [[wikt:wingfish|wingfish]], and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Scorpaeniformes|Scorpaeniformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["scorpions"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=true [[wikt:scorpion|scorpion]]s: [[wikt:arachnid|arachnid]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Scorpiones|Scorpiones]]",
parents = {"arachnids"},
}

labels["screamers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:screamer|screamer]]s: birds in the family [[wikt:Anhimidae|Anhimidae]], related to [[wikt:duck|duck]]s and [[wikt:geese|geese]]",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["seabirds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["sea anemones"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cnidarian|cnidarian]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Actiniaria|Actiniaria]]",
parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["sea cucumbers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:echinoderm|echinoderm]]s in the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Holothuroidea|Holothuroidea]]",
parents = {"echinoderms"},
}

labels["sea urchins"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:echinoderm|echinoderm]]s in the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Echinoidea|Echinoidea]], including the [[wikt:sand dollar|sand dollar]]s",
parents = {"echinoderms"},
}

labels["sea turtles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:flatback|flatback]]s, [[wikt:green turtle|green turtle]]s, [[wikt:hawksbill|hawksbill]]s, [[wikt:leatherback|leatherback]]s, [[wikt:loggerhead|loggerhead]]s, [[wikt:ridley|ridley]]s, and other [[wikt:turtle|turtle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Chelonioidea|Chelonioidea]]",
parents = {"turtles"},
}

labels["sebastids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Sebastidae|Sebastidae]]",
parents = {"scorpaeniform fish"},
}

labels["serranids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sea bass|sea bass]], [[wikt:grouper|grouper]]s, [[wikt:rockcod|rockcod]]s, [[wikt:comber|comber]]s and other fish in the family [[wikt:Serranidae|Serranidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["sharks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["sheep"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"caprines", "livestock"},
}

labels["shorebirds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["shrikes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"perching birds", "corvoid birds"},
}

labels["sighthounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["skippers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=insects in the family [[wikt:Hesperiidae|Hesperiidae]]",
parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["smelts"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Osmeriformes|Osmeriformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["snails"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["snakes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["snappers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Lutjanidae|Lutjanidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["soft corals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:calcaxonian|calcaxonian]]s, [[wikt:dead man's fingers|dead man's fingers]], [[wikt:fan coral|fan coral]]s, [[wikt:gorgonian|gorgonian]]s, [[wikt:holaxonian|holaxonian]]s, [[wikt:scleraxonian|scleraxonian]]s, [[wikt:sea feather|sea feather]]s, [[wikt:sea willow|sea willow]]s, [[wikt:stoloniferan|stoloniferan]]s, [[wikt:whip coral|whip coral]]s, and other marine animals in the [[wikt:cnidarian|cnidarian]] order [[wikt:Alcyonacea|Alcyonacea]]",
parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["soricomorphs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:shrew|shrew]]s, [[wikt:mole|mole]]s, [[wikt:solenodon|solenodon]]s, and other [[wikt:mammal|mammal]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Soricomorpha|Soricomorpha]]",
parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["South American canids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fox-like [[wikt:canid|canid]]s in the [[wikt:subtribe|subtribe]] [[wikt:Cerdocyonina|Cerdocyonina]], which are more closely related to the [[wikt:dog|dog]]s and [[wolf|wolves]] than to the true [[wikt:fox|fox]]es. Also known as [[wikt:zorro|zorro]]s",
parents = {"canids"},
}

labels["spaniels"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"gun dogs"},
}

labels["sparids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:sea breams|sea breams]], [[wikt:porgie|porgie]]s, [[wikt:scup|scup]]s and other fish in the family [[wikt:Sparidae|Sparidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["sphinx moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hawkmoth|hawkmoth]]s, [[wikt:hornworm|hornworm]]s, [[wikt:hummingbird moth|hummingbird moth]]s, [[wikt:sphinx moth|sphinx moth]]s,[[wikt:tomato worm|tomato worm]]s, and other [[wikt:moth|moth]]s (and [[wikt:caterpillar|caterpillar]]s) in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Sphingidae|Sphingidae]]",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["spiders"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"arachnids"},
}

labels["sponges"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aquatic|aquatic]] [[wikt:animal|animal]]s in the [[wikt:phylum|phylum]] [[wikt:Porifera|Porifera]]",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["squid"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"cephalopods"},
}

labels["squirrels"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:squirrel|squirrel]]s, [[wikt:chipmunk|chipmunk]]s, [[wikt:marmot|marmot]]s, [[wikt:prairie dog|prairie dog]]s, [[wikt:woodchuck|woodchuck]]s and other [[wikt:rodent|rodent]]s in the family [[wikt:Sciuridae|Sciuridae]]",
parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["staphylinoid beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Staphylinoidea|Staphylinoidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["starlings"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:starling|starling]]s, [[wikt:mynah|mynah]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Sturnidae|Sturnidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["stick insects"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:insect|insect]]s (including the [[wikt:leaf insect|leaf insect]]s) in the [[wikt:order|order]] known as either [[wikt:Phasmida|Phasmida]] or [[wikt:Phasmatodea|Phasmatodea]], which are noted for their extreme adaptations in form and color to look like parts of the plants they feed on",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["stoneflies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:freshwater|freshwater]] [[wikt:aquatic|aquatic]] [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Plecoptera|Plecoptera]]",
parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["stony corals"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=marine animals in the [[wikt:cnidarian|cnidarian]] order [[wikt:Scleractinia|Scleractinia]]",
parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["storks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["stromateoid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:barrelfish|barrelfish]], [[wikt:blue eye cod|blue eye cod]], [[wikt:dollarfish|dollarfish]], [[wikt:driftfish|driftfish]], [[wikt:lafayette|lafayette]], [[wikt:medusafish|medusafish]], [[wikt:rudderfish|rudderfish]], [[wikt:squaretail|squaretail]], [[wikt:warehou|warehou]], and other fish in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Stromateoidei|Stromateoidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["sturgeons"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Acipenseridae|Acipenseridae]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["suboscines"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:antpitta|antpitta]]s, [[wikt:antshrike|antshrike]]s, [[wikt:antthrush|antthrush]]es, [[asity|asities]], [[wikt:broadbill|broadbill]]s, [[wikt:cotinga|cotinga]]s, [[wikt:crescentchest|crescentchest]]s, [[wikt:gnateater|gnateater]]s, [[wikt:manakin|manakin]]s, [[wikt:ovenbird|ovenbird]]s, [[wikt:pitta|pitta]]s, [[wikt:sharpbill|sharpbill]]s, [[wikt:spadebill|spadebill]]s, [[wikt:tapaculo|tapaculo]]s, [[wikt:tityra|tityra]]s, [[wikt:tyrant flycatcher|tyrant flycatcher]]s, [[wikt:woodcreeper|woodcreeper]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Tyranni|Tyranni]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["suckers (fish)"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:buffalo fish|buffalo fish]], [[wikt:cuiui|cuiui]], [[wikt:jumprock|jumprock]]s, [[wikt:quillback|quillback]], [[wikt:redhorse|redhorse]], [[wikt:sucker|sucker]]s, and other freshwater fish in the family [[wikt:Catostomidae|Catostomidae]]",
parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["suliform birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:anhinga|anhinga]]s, [[booby|boobies]], [[wikt:cormorant|cormorant]]s, [[wikt:frigatebird|frigatebird]]s, [[wikt:gannet|gannet]]s, and other [[wikt:seabirds|seabirds]] in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Suliformes|Suliformes]]",
parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["sunfish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=freshwater fish in the family [[wikt:Centrarchidae|Centrarchidae]]",
parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["swallows"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["swallowtails"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:apollo|apollo]]s, [[wikt:batwing|batwing]]s, [[wikt:birdwing|birdwing]]s, [[wikt:clubtail|clubtail]]s, [[wikt:festoon|festoon]]s, [[wikt:flying handkerchief|flying handkerchief]]s, [[wikt:Helen|Helen]]s, [[wikt:jay|jay]]s, [[wikt:mime|mime]]s, [[wikt:parnassian|parnassian]]s, [[wikt:rose|rose]]s, [[wikt:swallowtail|swallowtail]]s, [[wikt:swordtail|swordtail]]s, [[wikt:triangle|triangle]]s, [[wikt:turnus|turnus]]es, [[wikt:windmill|windmill]]s, [[wikt:zebra|zebra]]s, and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Papilionidae|Papilionidae]], notable for (mostly) having tail-like extensions on their [[wikt:hindwing|hindwing]]s",
parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["swans"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"anatids"},
}

labels["syngnathiform fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bellowsfish|bellowsfish]], [[wikt:cornetfish|cornetfish]], [[wikt:pipefish|pipefish]], [[wikt:razorfish|razorfish]], [[wikt:sea dragon|sea dragon]]s, [[wikt:sea horse|sea horse]]s, [[wikt:snipefish|snipefish]], [[wikt:trumpetfish|trumpetfish]], and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Syngnathiformes|Syngnathiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["tanagers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bananaquit|bananaquit]]s, [[wikt:conebill|conebill]]s, [[wikt:dacnis|dacnis]]es, [[wikt:Darwin's finch|Darwin's finch]]es, [[wikt:grassquit|grassquit]]s, [[wikt:ground finch|ground finch]]es, [[wikt:honeycreeper|honeycreeper]]s, [[wikt:pardusco|pardusco]]s, [[wikt:tanager|tanager]]s, and other [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] birds in the family [[wikt:Thraupidae|Thraupidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["temnospondyls"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:extinct|extinct]] early [[wikt:amphibian|amphibian]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Temnospondyli|Temnospondyli]]",
parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["tenebrionoid beetles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:aderid|aderid]]s, [[wikt:anthicid|anthicid]]s, [[wikt:blister beetle|blister beetle]]s, [[wikt:borid|borid]]s, [[wikt:ciid|ciid]]s, [[wikt:flour beetle|flour beetle]]s, [[wikt:darkling beetle|darkling beetle]]s, [[wikt:mealworm|mealworm]]s, [[wikt:melandryid|melandryid]]s, [[wikt:mordellid|mordellid]]s, [[wikt:mycetophagid|mycetophagid]]s, [[wikt:oedemerid|oedemerid]]s, [[wikt:pinacate beetle|pinacate beetle]]s, [[wikt:pyrochroid|pyrochroid]]s, [[wikt:pythid|pythid]]s, [[wikt:ripiphorid|ripiphorid]]s, [[wikt:salpingid|salpingid]]s, [[wikt:toktokkie|toktokkie]]s, [[wikt:ulodid|ulodid]]s, [[wikt:wharf borer|wharf borer]]s, [[wikt:zopherid|zopherid]]s and other [[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Tenebrionoidea|Tenebrionoidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["tephritoid flies"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[cheese fly|cheese flies]], [[wikt:tephritid|tephritid]] [[fruit fly|fruit flies]], [[picture-winged fly|picture-winged flies]] and other [[fly|flies]] in the [[wikt:dipteran|dipteran]] [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Tephritoidea|Tephritoidea]]",
parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["termites"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:termite|termite]]s, [[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the former [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Isoptera|Isoptera]], which is now considered a [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] or other group within the [[wikt:cockroach|cockroach]]es in the order [[wikt:Blattodea|Blattodea]]",
parents = {"insects", "cockroaches"},
}

labels["terns"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:tern|tern]]s, [[wikt:seabirds|seabirds]] in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Sternidae|Sternidae]]",
parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["tetraodontiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:pufferfish|pufferfish]], [[wikt:triggerfish|triggerfish]], [[wikt:boxfish|boxfish]], [[wikt:ocean sunfish|ocean sunfish]] and other fish in the order [[wikt:Tetraodontiformes|Tetraodontiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["terriers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["theropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:dinosaur|dinosaur]]s in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Theropoda|Theropoda]]",
parents = {"dinosaurs"},
}

labels["thrushes"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["ticks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bloodsucking|bloodsucking]] [[wikt:arachnids|arachnids]] in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Ixodida|Ixodida]] (also known as [[wikt:Metastigmata|Metastigmata]])",
parents = {"mites and ticks"},
}

labels["tinamous"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"ratites"},
}

labels["tits"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:tit|tit]]s, birds known as [[wikt:chickadee|chickadee]]s in the US",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["toads"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"anurans"},
}

labels["toothcarps"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:four-eyed fish|four-eyed fish]], [[guppy|guppies]], [[wikt:killifish|killifish]], [[molly|mollies]], [[wikt:mummichog|mummichog]]s, [[platy|platies]], [[wikt:swordtail|swordtail]]s, [[wikt:topminnow|topminnow]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Cyprinodontiformes|Cyprinodontiformes]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["tortoises"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:terrestrial|terrestrial]] [[wikt:turtle|turtle]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Testudinidae|Testudinidae]]",
parents = {"turtles"},
}

labels["tortricid moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:moth|moth]]s (and [[wikt:caterpillar|caterpillar]]s) in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Tortricidae|Tortricidae]]",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["trachinoid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:black swallower|black swallower]]s, [[wikt:blue cod|blue cod]], [[wikt:duckbill|duckbill]]s, [[wikt:gaper|gaper]]s, [[wikt:sand eel|sand eel]]s, [[wikt:torrentfish|torrentfish]], [[wikt:weeverfish|weeverfish]] and other fish in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Trachinoidei|Trachinoidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["toy dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["trilobites"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["true bugs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:insect|insect]]s in the [[wikt:hemipteran|hemipteran]] suborder [[wikt:Heteroptera|Heteroptera]]",
parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["true finches"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:finch|finch]]es in the [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] family [[wikt:Fringillidae|Fringillidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["true jellyfish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:cnidarian|cnidarian]]s in the [[wikt:class|class]] [[wikt:Scyphozoa|Scyphozoa]]",
parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["true sparrows"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:passerine|passerine]] birds in the family [[wikt:Passeridae|Passeridae]] (for other birds called sparrows, see the [[wikt:emberizid|emberizid]]s)",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["tubenose birds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:albatross|albatross]]es, [[wikt:fulmar|fulmar]]s, [[wikt:petrel|petrel]]s, [[wikt:prion|prion]]s, [[wikt:shearwater|shearwater]]s, and other [[wikt:seabird|seabird]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Procellariiformes|Procellariiformes]]",
parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["tunicates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["turtles"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["tyrant flycatchers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:passerine|passerine]] birds in the family [[wikt:Tyrannidae|Tyrannidae]]",
parents = {"suboscines"},
}

labels["ursids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:ursid|ursid]]s ([[wikt:bear|bear]]s)",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["Venerida order mollusks"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:basket clam|basket clam]]s, [[wikt:bean clam|bean clam]]s, [[wikt:boring clam|boring clam]]s, [[wikt:cockle|cockle]]s, [[wikt:duck clam|duck clam]]s, [[wikt:giant clam|giant clam]]s, [[wikt:hard clam|hard clam]]s, [[wikt:lentil shell|lentil shell]]s, [[wikt:pipi|pipi]]s, [[wikt:pooquaw|pooquaw]]s, [[wikt:quahog|quahog]]s, [[wikt:surf clam|surf clam]]s, [[wikt:trough-shell|trough-shell]]s, [[wikt:ugari|ugari]]s, [[wikt:Venus clam|Venus clam]]s, [[wikt:zebra mussel|zebra mussel]]s, and other [[wikt:bivalve|bivalve]]s in the [[wikt:order|order]] [[wikt:Venerida|Venerida]]",
parents = {"bivalves"},
}

labels["vertebrates"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"chordates"},
wpcat = true,
commonscat = "Vertebrata",
}

labels["vespids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:hornet|hornet]]s, [[wikt:paper wasp|paper wasp]]s, [[wikt:pollen wasp|pollen wasp]]s, [[wikt:potter wasp|potter wasp]]s, [[wikt:yellow jacket|yellow jacket]]s, and other [[wikt:wasp|wasp]]s in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Vespidae|Vespidae]]",
parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["vetigastropods"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:abalone|abalone]]s or [[wikt:ear shell|ear shell]]s, [[wikt:duck's-bill limpet|duck's-bill limpet]]s, [[wikt:keyhole limpet|keyhole limpet]]s, [[wikt:rosary shell|rosary shell]]s, [[wikt:slit-shell|slit-shell]]s, [[wikt:topshell|topshell]]s, [[wikt:turban shell|turban shell]]s, and other [[wikt:gastropod|gastropod]]s in the [[wikt:clade|clade]] [[wikt:Vetigastropoda|Vetigastropoda]] (treated in some classifications as an [[wikt:order|order]], in others as [[wikt:subclass|subclass]])",
parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["vipers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:adder|adder]]s, [[wikt:asp|asp]]s, [[wikt:rattlesnake|rattlesnake]]s, [[wikt:viper|viper]]s, [[wikt:water moccasin|water moccasin]]s and other [[wikt:venomous|venomous]] snakes in the [[wikt:Viperidae|Viperidae]]",
parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["viverrids"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:viverrid|viverrid]]s ([[wikt:civet|civet]]s, [[wikt:genet|genet]]s and relatives)",
parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["vombatiforms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:diprotodontid|diprotodontid]]s, [[wikt:diprotodon|diprotodon]]s, [[wikt:phascolarctid|phascolarctid]]s, [[wikt:koala|koala]]s, [[wikt:vombatid|vombatid]]s, [[wikt:wombat|wombat]]s, [[wikt:phascolome|phascolome]]s, [[wikt:ilariid|ilariid]]s, [[wikt:maradid|maradid]]s, [[wikt:palorchestid|palorchestid]]s, [[wikt:thylacoleonid|thylacoleonid]]s, [[wikt:marsupial lion|marsupial lion]]s , [[wikt:wynyardiid|wynyardiid]]s and other [[wikt:marsupial|marsupial]]s in the [[wikt:diprotodont|diprotodont]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Vombatiformes|Vombatiformes]]",
parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["vultures"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:vulture|vulture]]s (both Old World and New World)",
parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["warblers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:warbler|warbler]]s, various small [[wikt:passerine|passerine]] songbirds, especially of the families Sylviidae (Old World warblers) and Parulidae (New World warblers)",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["warren hounds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["water dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"retrievers"},
}

labels["weaver finches"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:finch|finch]]es in the family [[wikt:Estrildidae|Estrildidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["weaverbirds"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:baya|baya]]s, [[wikt:bishop|bishop]]s, [[fody|fodies]], [[wikt:malimbe|malimbe]]s, [[wikt:quelea|quelea]]s, [[wikt:sakabula|sakabula]]s, [[wikt:taha|taha]]s, [[wikt:weaver|weaver]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Ploceidae|Ploceidae]]",
parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["weevils"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:bill-beetle|bill-beetle]]s, [[wikt:curculio|curculio]]s, [[wikt:grugru worm|grugru worm]]s, [[wikt:snout beetle|snout beetle]]s, and other [[wikt:beetle|beetle]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Curculionoidea|Curculionoidea]]",
parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["whales"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"cetaceans"},
}

labels["wolves"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:wolves|wolves]]",
parents = {"canids"},
}

labels["woodpeckers"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:flicker|flicker]]s, [[wikt:sapsucker|sapsucker]]s, [[wikt:wryneck|wryneck]]s, and other birds in the [[wikt:family|family]] [[wikt:Picidae|Picidae]]",
parents = {"piciforms"},
}

labels["working dogs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["worms"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["wrasses"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=fish in the family [[wikt:Labridae|Labridae]]",
parents = {"labroid fish"},
}

labels["wrens"] = {
type = "set",
description = "default",
parents = {"certhioid birds"},
}

labels["zoarcoid fish"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:butterfish|butterfish]], [[wikt:eelpout|eelpout]]s, [[wikt:guffer|guffer]]s, [[wikt:gunnel|gunnel]]s, [[wikt:lumper|lumper]]s, [[wikt:prickleback|prickleback]]s, [[wikt:prowfish|prowfish]], [[wikt:wolf eel|wolf eel]]s and other fish in the [[wikt:perciform|perciform]] [[wikt:suborder|suborder]] [[wikt:Zoarcoidei|Zoarcoidei]]",
parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["zygaenoid moths"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:burnet moth|burnet moth]]s, [[wikt:forester|forester]]s, [[wikt:hag moth|hag moth]]s, [[wikt:limacodid|limacodid]]s, [[wikt:megalopygid|megalopygid]]s, [[wikt:monkey slug|monkey slug]]s, [[wikt:puss moth|puss moth]]s, [[wikt:saddleback caterpillar|saddleback caterpillar]]s, [[wikt:zygaenid|zygaenid]]s, and other [[wikt:moth|moth]]s in the [[wikt:superfamily|superfamily]] [[wikt:Zygaenoidea|Zygaenoidea]]",
parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["plesiosaurs"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:plesiosaur|plesiosaur]]s (order †[[wikt:Plesiosauria|Plesiosauria]])",
parents = {"sauropterygians"},
}

labels["tarantulas"] = {
type = "set",
description = "=[[wikt:tarantula|tarantula]]s (family [[wikt:Theraphosidae|Theraphosidae]])",
parents = {"mygalomorph spiders"},
}
return labels

Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Culture

2026-05-22T21:27:52Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Communication

2026-05-22T21:27:50Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Buildings and structures

2026-05-22T21:27:49Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Body

2026-05-22T21:27:47Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}

labels["body"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the [[wikt:body|body]] and its parts.",
parents = {"all topics"}, -- This should not go in "anatomy", which is for terms used in the *study* of the body
}

labels["abortion"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to [[wikt:abortion|abortion]] of a pregnancy.",
parents = {"pregnancy"},
}

labels["age"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["amoebozoal diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["anger"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["animal body parts"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:body part|body part]]s of [[wikt:animal|animal]]s besides [[wikt:human|human]]s.",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["animal tissues"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:tissue|tissue]]s (groups of similar cells that function together to do a specific job) in animals, including humans.",
parents = {"tissues"},
}

labels["bacterial diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["bathing"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"Hygiene", "cleaning"},
}

labels["beards"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for different types of [[wikt:beard|beard]]s and relating to beards in general.",
parents = {"face", "hair", "list of sets", "list of topics"},
}

labels["biomolecules"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:biomolecule|biomolecule]]s: organic compounds that are present in and used by organisms.",
parents = {"body parts", "organic compounds", "biochemistry", "list of sets"},
}

labels["bodily fluids"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:fluid|fluid]]s ([[wikt:liquid|liquid]]s) of the body.",
parents = {"body parts", "liquids"},
}

labels["bodily functions"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms relating to functions and processes of the human or animal body.",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["body parts"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for parts of the [[wikt:body|body]] of any [[wikt:lifeform|lifeform]], both macroscopic and microscopic.",
parents = {"body", "list of sets"}, -- This should not go in "anatomy", which is for terms used in the *study* of the body
}

labels["bones"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for the [[wikt:bone|bone]]s of the [[wikt:body|body]].",
parents = {"body parts", "skeleton", "list of sets"},
}

labels["brain"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["brain regions"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"body parts", "brain", "list of sets"},
}

labels["buttocks"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["circumcision"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body", "surgery"},
}

labels["coccidial diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["coronavirus"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms involving [[wikt:coronavirus|coronavirus]]es.",
parents = {"disease"},
}

labels["death"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["dental hygiene"] = {
description = "{{langname}}} terms related to [[wikt:dental|dental]] [[wikt:hygiene|hygiene]].",
parents = {"hygiene", "teeth"},
}

labels["disease"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} related to [[wikt:disease|disease]].",
parents = {"body", "pathology",},
}

labels["diseases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:disease|disease]]s, [[wikt:symptom|symptom]]s, or [[abnormality|abnormalities]] of human [[wikt:pathology|pathology]], [[wikt:physiology|physiology]] or [[wikt:psychology|psychology]].",
parents = {"disease", "list of sets"},
}

labels["emotions"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to [[wikt:emotion|emotion]]s.",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["eye"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to [[wikt:eye|eye]]s.",
parents = {"face", "vision"},
}

labels["face"] = {
description = "default with the lower",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["fear"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["feces"] = {
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"body", "WC"},
}

labels["female"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms involving the [[wikt:female|female]] sex or gender.",
parents = {"gender"},
}

labels["fingers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to [[wikt:finger|finger]]s.",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["fungal diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["gaits"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["gender"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["genetic disorders"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "medical genetics", "list of sets"},
}

labels["hair"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["happiness"] = {
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["health"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["healthcare"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"health", "medicine"},
}

labels["hearing"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["helminthic diseases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for diseases caused by various types of [[wikt:parasitic|parasitic]] worms.",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["hormones"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for various [[wikt:hormone|hormone]]s.",
parents = {"biomolecules", "list of sets"},
}

labels["horse gaits"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"gaits"},
}

labels["hygiene"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["infestations"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:disease|disease]]s where [[wikt:macroscopic|macroscopic]] [[wikt:organism|organism]]s are living on or in the host.",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["insect-borne diseases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by [[wikt:insect|insect]]s.",
parents = {"vector-borne diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["intersex"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to ''[[wikt:intersex|intersex]]''.",
parents = {"gender", "LGBT"},
}

labels["injuries"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"pathology", "list of sets"},
}

labels["leprosy"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms involving [[wikt:leprosy|leprosy]].",
parents = {"disease"},
}

labels["limbs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms involving the [[wikt:limb|limb]]s.",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["lipids"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for various [[wikt:lipid|lipid]]s.",
parents = {"biomolecules", "list of sets"},
}

labels["love"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"emotions"},
}

labels["male"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms involving the [[wikt:male|male]] sex or gender.",
parents = {"gender"},
}

labels["medical signs and symptoms"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"body", "pathology"},
}

labels["memory"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["menstruation"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body", "gynaecology"},
}

labels["metabolism"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["mind"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for and related to the [[wikt:mind|mind]].",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["mosquito-borne diseases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by [[wikt:mosquito|mosquito]]es.",
parents = {"vector-borne diseases", "mosquitoes","insect-borne diseases","list of sets"},
}

labels["motion sickness"] = {
description = "default no singularize",
parents = {"disease"},
}

labels["mouth"] = {
description = "default with the lower",
parents = {"face"},
}

labels["muscles"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"body parts", "list of sets"},
}

labels["nerves"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names of [[wikt:nerve|nerve]]s found in the body.",
parents = {"body parts", "list of sets"},
}

labels["neurotransmitters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names of known [[wikt:neurotransmitter|neurotransmitter]]s and terms relating to them.",
parents = {"biomolecules", "list of sets"},
}

labels["nutrition"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["obesity"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"health"},
}

labels["organs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for the [[wikt:organ|organ]]s of the [[wikt:body|body]].",
parents = {"body parts", "list of sets"},
}

labels["organ systems"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:organ|organ]] [[wikt:system|system]]s.",
parents = {"body parts", "list of sets"},
}

labels["pain"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["personality"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to personality.",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["philias"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"love"},
}

labels["phobias"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:phobia|phobia]]s.",
parents = {"fear", "list of sets"},
}

labels["plant diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "phytopathology", "list of sets"},
}

labels["plant tissues"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for plant [[wikt:tissue|tissue]]s (groups of similar cells that function together to do a specific job).",
parents = {"tissues", "list of sets"},
}

labels["pregnancy"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body", "gynaecology"},
}

labels["proteins"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:protein|protein]]s.",
parents = {"biomolecules", "list of sets"},
}

labels["sauna"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"bathing"},
}

labels["scents"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms referring to specific [[wikt:scents|scents]].",
parents = {"smell"},
}

labels["senses"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the [[wikt:physical|physical]] [[wikt:senses|senses]].",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["sexually transmitted diseases"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["skeleton"] = {
description = "default with the lower",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["skin"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["sleep"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"body"},
}

labels["smell"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the [[wikt:sense|sense]] of [[wikt:smell|smell]].",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["suicide"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"death"},
}

labels["syndromes"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"health", "pathology"},
}

labels["taste"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"senses", "food and drink"},
}

labels["teeth"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to [[tooth|teeth]].",
parents = {"mouth"},
}

labels["thinking"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"mind"},
}

labels["tick-borne diseases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by [[wikt:tick|tick]]s.",
parents = {"vector-borne diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["tissues"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for to [[wikt:tissue|tissue]]s (groups of similar cells that function together to do a specific job).",
parents = {"body parts"},
}

labels["toiletries"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for items used for [[wikt:grooming|grooming]] or [[wikt:personal hygiene|personal hygiene]]. (For terms related to [[lavatory|lavatories]], use [[:Category:WC]].)",
parents = {"hygiene", "list of sets"},
}

labels["touch"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["transgender"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the ''[[wikt:transgender|transgender]]'' community in the broad sense of that term, by which it includes the ''[[wikt:genderqueer|genderqueer]]'' community: terms relating to transgender and transsexual people and to [[wikt:transition|transition]]ing from female to male or vice versa, as well as terms relating to [[wikt:agender|agender]], [[wikt:androgynous|androgynous]] or [[wikt:third gender|third gender]] people.",
parents = {"gender", "LGBT"},
}

labels["trypanosomal diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["vector-borne diseases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms for [[wikt:diseases|diseases]] spread by other [[wikt:organism|organism]]s.",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["viral diseases"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"diseases", "list of sets"},
}

labels["vision"] = {
description = "default",
parents = {"senses"},
}

labels["vitamins"] = {
description = "default-set",
parents = {"biomolecules", "list of sets"},
}

return labels

Module:category tree/topic cat/data

2026-05-22T21:27:45Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local handlers = {}

local subpages = {
"Body",
"Buildings and structures",
"Communication",
"Culture",
"Earth",
"Food and drink",
"History",
"Human",
"Lifeforms",
"Animals",
"Plants",
"Mathematics",
"Miscellaneous",
"Names",
"Nature",
"Numbers",
"People",
"Philosophy",
"Places",
"Sciences",
"Sex",
"Social acts",
"Society",
"Sports",
"Technology",
"Time",
"Transport",
}

labels["all topics"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms organized by topic, such as \"Family\" or \"Chemistry\".",
parents = {{module = "poscatboiler", args = {label = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true, called_from_inside = true}}},
}

labels["list of topics"] = {
description = "All topics currently available in {{{langname}}}.",
parents = {{name = "all topics", sort = " *"}},
}

labels["all sets"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that belong to a particular set of things, such as \"Planets\" or \"Canids\".",
parents = {{module = "poscatboiler", args = {label = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true, called_from_inside = true}}},
}

labels["list of sets"] = {
description = "All sets currently available in {{{langname}}}.",
parents = {{name = "all sets", sort = " *"}},
}

for label, data in pairs(labels) do
data.module = "Module:category tree/topic cat/data"
end

-- Import subpages
for _, subpage in ipairs(subpages) do
local datamodule = "Module:category tree/topic cat/data/" .. subpage
local retval = require(datamodule)
if not retval["LABELS"] then
retval = {LABELS = retval}
end
for label, data in pairs(retval["LABELS"]) do
if labels[label] and not retval["IGNOREDUP"] then
error("Label " .. label .. " defined in both [[wikt:"
.. datamodule .. "|"
.. datamodule .. "]] and [[" .. labels[label].module .. "]].")
end
data.module = datamodule
labels[label] = data
end
if retval["HANDLERS"] then
for _, handler in ipairs(retval["HANDLERS"]) do
table.insert(handlers, { module = datamodule, handler = handler })
end
end
end

return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers}

Module:category tree/topic cat

2026-05-22T21:27:42Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local export = {}

local label_data = require("Module:category tree/topic cat/data")

-- Category object

local Category = {}
Category.__index = Category

function Category.new_main(frame)
local self = setmetatable({}, Category)

local params = {
[1] = {},
[2] = {required = true},
["sc"] = {},
}

args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params)
self._info = {code = args[1], label = args[2]}

self:initCommon()

if not self._data then
return nil
end

return self
end

function Category.new(info)
for key, val in pairs(info) do
if not (key == "code" or key == "label") then
error("The parameter “" .. key .. "” was not recognized.")
end
end

local self = setmetatable({}, Category)
self._info = info

if not self._info.label then
error("No label was specified.")
end

self:initCommon()

if not self._data then
error("The label “" .. self._info.label .. "” does not exist.")
end

return self
end

export.new = Category.new
export.new_main = Category.new_main

function Category:initCommon()
if self._info.code then
self._lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(self._info.code) or
error("The language code “" .. self._info.code .. "” is not valid.")
end

-- Convert label to lowercase if possible
local lowercase_label = mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(self._info.label)

-- Check if the label exists
local labels = label_data["LABELS"]

if labels[lowercase_label] then
self._info.label = lowercase_label
end

self._data = labels[self._info.label]

-- Go through handlers
if not self._data then
for _, handler in ipairs(label_data["HANDLERS"]) do
self._data = handler.handler(self._info.label)
if self._data then
self._data.module = handler.module
break
end
end
end
end

function Category:getInfo()
return self._info
end

function Category:getBreadcrumbName()
return self._info.label
end

function Category:getDataModule()
return self._data.module
end

function Category:canBeEmpty()
if self._lang then
return false
else
return true
end
end

function Category:isHidden()
return false
end

function Category:getCategoryName()
if self._lang then
return self._lang:getCode() .. ":" .. mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(self._info.label)
else
return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(self._info.label)
end
end

local function replace_special_descriptions(desc)
-- TODO: Should probably find a better way to do this
local descriptionFormats = {
["default"] = "{{{langname}}} terms related to {{{label_lc}}}.",
["default with capital"] = "{{{langname}}} terms related to {{{label_uc}}}.",
["default with the"] = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the {{{label_uc}}}.",
["default with the lower"] = "{{{langname}}} terms related to the {{{label_lc}}}.",
["default with topic"] = "{{{langname}}} terms related to {{{label_lc}}} topics.",
["default-set"] = "{{{langname}}} terms for various {{{label_lc}}}.",
}

if descriptionFormats[desc] then
return descriptionFormats[desc]
end

if desc then
local desc_no_sing = desc:match("^(.+) no singularize$")
if desc_no_sing and descriptionFormats[desc_no_sing] then
return descriptionFormats[desc_no_sing]:gsub("({{{label_[ul]c)}}}", "%1_no_sing}}}")
end
end

return desc
end

function Category:substitute_template_specs(desc)
if not desc or type(desc) ~= "string" then
return desc
end
if self._lang then
desc = desc:gsub("{{{langname}}}", self._lang:getCanonicalName())
desc = desc:gsub("{{{langcode}}}", self._lang:getCode())
desc = desc:gsub("{{{langcat}}}", self._lang:getCategoryName())
end

local function handle_label_uc_lc(label_sub, label, no_singularize)
local singular_label, singular_label_title
if not no_singularize then
singular_label = require("Module:string utilities").singularize(label)
singular_label_title = mw.title.new(singular_label)
end

if singular_label_title and singular_label_title.exists then
desc = desc:gsub(label_sub, "[[" .. singular_label .. "|" .. label .. "]]")
else
-- 'happiness' etc. that look like plurals but aren't
local plural_label_title = mw.title.new(label)
if plural_label_title and plural_label_title.exists then
desc = desc:gsub(label_sub, "[[wikt:" .. label .. "|" .. label .. "]]")
else
desc = desc:gsub(label_sub, label)
end
end
return desc
end

if desc:find("{{{label_uc}}}") then
desc = handle_label_uc_lc("{{{label_uc}}}", mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(self._info.label))
end

if desc:find("{{{label_uc_no_sing}}}") then
desc = handle_label_uc_lc("{{{label_uc_no_sing}}}", mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(self._info.label), "no singularize")
end

if desc:find("{{{label_lc}}}") then
desc = handle_label_uc_lc("{{{label_lc}}}", mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(self._info.label))
end

if desc:find("{{{label_lc_no_sing}}}") then
desc = handle_label_uc_lc("{{{label_lc_no_sing}}}", mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(self._info.label), "no singularize")
end

return desc
end

function Category:substitute_template_specs_in_args(args)
if not args then
return args
end
local pinfo = {}
for k, v in pairs(args) do
k = self:substitute_template_specs(k)
v = self:substitute_template_specs(v)
pinfo[k] = v
end
return pinfo
end

function Category:getDescription(isChild)
-- Allows different text in the list of a category's children
local isChild = isChild == "child"

if self._lang then
local desc = self._data["description"]

desc = replace_special_descriptions(desc)
if desc then
if not isChild and self._data.additional then
desc = desc .. "\n\n" .. self._data.additional
end

return self:substitute_template_specs(desc)
end
else
if not self._lang and ( self._info.label == "all topics" or self._info.label == "all sets" ) then
return "This category applies to content and not to meta material about the Wiki."
end

local eninfo = mw.clone(self._info)
eninfo.code = "en"
local en = Category.new(eninfo)

local desc = self._data["description"]
desc = replace_special_descriptions(desc)
if desc then
desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langname}}} ", "")
desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langcode}}} ", "")
desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langcat}}} ", "")
desc = desc:gsub("%.$", "")
desc = self:substitute_template_specs(desc)
else
desc = self._info.label
end

return
"This category concerns the topic: " .. desc .. ".\n\n" ..
"It contains no dictionary entries, only other categories. The subcategories are of two sorts:\n\n" ..
"* Subcategories named like “aa:" .. self._info.label .. "” (with a prefixed language code) are categories of terms in specific languages. " ..
"You may be interested especially in [[:Category:" .. en:getCategoryName() .. "]], for English terms.\n" ..
"* Subcategories of this one named without the prefixed language code are further categories just like this one, but devoted to finer topics."
end
end

function Category:getParents()
local parents = self._data["parents"]

if not self._lang and ( self._info.label == "all topics" or self._info.label == "all sets" ) then
return {{ name = "Category:Fundamental", sort = self._info.label:gsub("all ", "") }}
end

if not parents or #parents == 0 then
return nil
end

local ret = {}
local is_set = false

if self._info.label == "all sets" then
is_set = true
end

for key, parent in ipairs(parents) do
parent = mw.clone(parent)

if type(parent) ~= "table" then
parent = {name = parent}
end

if not parent.sort then
parent.sort = self._info.label
end

if self._lang then
parent.sort = self:substitute_template_specs(parent.sort)
elseif parent.sort:find("{{{langname}}}") or parent.sort:find("{{{langcat}}}") or
parent.template == "langcatboiler" or parent.module then
return nil
end

if not self._lang then
parent.sort = " " .. parent.sort
end

if parent.name and parent.name:find("^Category:") then
if self._lang then
parent.name = self:substitute_template_specs(parent.name)
elseif parent.name:find("{{{langname}}}") or parent.name:find("{{{langcat}}}") or
parent.template == "langcatboiler" or parent.module then
return nil
end
else
if parent.name == "list of sets" then
is_set = true
end

local pinfo = mw.clone(self._info)
pinfo.label = parent.name

if parent.template then
parent.name = require("Module:category tree/" .. parent.template).new(pinfo)
elseif parent.module then
-- A reference to a category using another category tree module.
if not parent.args then
error("Missing .args in parent table with module=\"" .. parent.module .. "\" for '" ..
self._info.label .. "' topic entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'")
end
parent.name = require("Module:category tree/" .. parent.module).new(self:substitute_template_specs_in_args(parent.args))
else
parent.name = Category.new(pinfo)
end
end

table.insert(ret, parent)
end

if not is_set and self._info.label ~= "list of topics" and self._info.label ~= "list of sets" then
local pinfo = mw.clone(self._info)
pinfo.label = "list of topics"
table.insert(ret, {name = Category.new(pinfo), sort = (not self._lang and " " or "") .. self._info.label})
end

return ret
end

function Category:getChildren()
return nil
end

function Category:getUmbrella()
if not self._lang then
return nil
end

local uinfo = mw.clone(self._info)
uinfo.code = nil
return Category.new(uinfo)
end

return export

Module:category tree/symbols

2026-05-22T21:27:39Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["symbols"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} written signs.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

labels["diacritical marks"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} glyphs that are added to characters to modify their sounds or meanings.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["Han characters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols of the Han logographic script, which can represent sounds or convey meanings directly.",
topright = "{{wp|Chinese characters}}",
parents = {"logograms"},
}

labels["ideograms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent objects, ideas or concepts directly.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["iteration marks"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} glyphs that act as a shorthand for repeated text.",
parents = {"abbreviations", "symbols"},
}

labels["letters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent single sounds. Variations of letters, such as letters with diacritics, should also be categorized here.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["ligatures"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} letters that have been combined into a single graphical unit.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["logograms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent single words or morphemes.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["matched pairs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} pairs of separate characters that are used together. Example: [[wikt:( )|( )]].",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["numeral symbols"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent numerals.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["punctuation marks"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that indicate structure and organization of writing.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["syllables"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols that represent groups of sounds. Variations of syllables, such as syllables with diacritics, should also be categorized here.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

labels["multigraphs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols consisting of multiple letters.",
parents = {"symbols"},
}

local function multigraph(name, n)
labels[name] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols consisting of " .. n .. " letters.",
parents = {"multigraphs"},
}
end

multigraph("digraphs", "two")
multigraph("trigraphs", "three")
multigraph("tetragraphs", "four")
multigraph("pentagraphs", "five")
multigraph("hexagraphs", "six")
multigraph("heptagraphs", "seven")
multigraph("octagraphs", "eight")

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present.
for key, data in pairs(labels) do
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Symbols subcategories by language"
end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Symbols subcategories by language"] = {
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to symbols.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"Umbrella metacategories",
{name = "symbols", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

raw_categories["IPA symbols"] = {
description = "Symbols which are part of the {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}}.",
additional = "For more information, see [[Wiktionary:About International Phonetic Alphabet]].",
catfix = "mul",
parents = {
{name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"},
},
}

raw_categories["NAPA symbols"] = {
description = "Symbols which are part of the {{w|Americanist phonetic notation|North American Phonetic Alphabet}}.",
catfix = "mul",
parents = {
{name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"},
},
}

raw_categories["UPA symbols"] = {
description = "Symbols which are part of the {{w|Uralic Phonetic Alphabet}}.",
catfix = "mul",
parents = {
{name = "symbols", is_label = true, lang = "mul"},
},
}

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}

Module:category tree/speech acts

2026-05-22T21:27:37Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

Module:category tree/shortenings

2026-05-22T21:27:36Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["shortenings"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are shortened forms of other words or word combinations.",
umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

labels["abbreviations"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviated words or groups of words.",
parents = {"shortenings"},
}

labels["acronyms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words represented by parts pronounced together as single words.",
parents = {"shortenings"},
}

labels["apheretic forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words that underwent [[wikt:apheresis|apheresis]], meaning their origin involved a loss or omission of a sound or syllable from their beginning.",
parents = {"clippings", "terms by etymology"},
}

labels["apocopic forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words that underwent [[wikt:apocope|apocope]], thus their origin involved a loss or omission of a sound or syllable(s) from their end.",
parents = {"clippings", "terms by etymology"},
}

labels["clipped compounds"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} compounds formed by clipping some of the words of the original term while leaving others as is.",
parents = {"clippings"},
}

labels["clippings"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words that were formed from another word by removing part of it, but without changing the part of speech.",
parents = {"shortenings"},
}

labels["contractions"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} shortened words or phrases, deriving from multiple words.",
parents = {"shortenings"},
}

labels["ellipses"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are shortened versions of longer expressions.",
parents = {"shortenings", "terms by etymology"},
}

labels["initialisms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words represented by their beginning parts pronounced separately.",
parents = {"shortenings"},
}

labels["nomina sacra"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[nomen sacrum|nomina sacra]].",
parents = {"abbreviations"},
}

labels["pseudo-acronyms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words that used to represent an acronym but no longer do, or which appear to be acronyms but are not.",
parents = {"shortenings"},
}

labels["scribal abbreviations"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations used by scribes.",
parents = {"abbreviations"},
}

labels["sigla"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} letters or symbols standing for words, word parts or common sequences of letters.",
parents = {"abbreviations", "symbols"},
}

labels["Stenoscript abbreviations"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations used in [[wikt:Stenoscript|Stenoscript]].",
parents = {"abbreviations"},
}

labels["syllabic abbreviations"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations formed from syllables of the words being abbreviated rather than individual letters.",
parents = {"acronyms"},
}

labels["syncopic forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words that underwent [[wikt:syncope|syncope]], thus their origin involved a loss or omission of a sound or syllable from their interior.",
parents = {"clippings", "terms by etymology"},
}

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present.
for key, data in pairs(labels) do
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Shortenings subcategories by language"
end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Shortenings subcategories by language"] = {
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to shortenings.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"Umbrella metacategories",
{name = "shortenings", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}

Module:category tree/semantic classes

2026-05-22T21:27:35Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["terms by semantic function"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms by their semantic function, regardless of part of speech.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

labels["cardinal numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to count objects.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["collective numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to indicate a set of items of a particular size.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["demonstrative pro-forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to specified entities or qualities.",
parents = {"pro-forms"},
}

labels["distributive numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that expresses the amount or quantity of something as it pertains to each member of a set, such as the number of times something happens at once, or the number of members affected each time.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["fractional numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that indicate proportioned parts of a whole.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["hedges"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} expressions that are used to qualify statements so as to lessen impact, e.g. to appear polite or modest or to soften a blow.",
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

labels["indefinite pro-forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to unspecified entities or qualities.",
parents = {"pro-forms"},
}

labels["intensifiers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that serve to intensify.",
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

labels["interrogative pro-forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that request the listener to specify.",
parents = {"pro-forms"},
}

labels["imperative sentences"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} free-standing expressions that are in the grammatical form of commands, though often with a [[wikt:precative|precative]] or [[wikt:hortatory|hortatory]] force.",
parents = {"sentences"},
}

labels["negative polarity items"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are chiefly or always used with a negation.",
additional = "These are the opposite of positive polarity items; see [[:Category:{{{langname}}} positive polarity items]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}} for a general discussion and also {{w|Irrealis mood}} for grammatical constructions in which these can be used without an explicit negative.",
umbrella = {
additional = "These are the opposite of positive polarity items; see [[:Category:Positive polarity items by language]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}}",
},
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

labels["multiplicative numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to multiply the amount or quantity of something.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["nominal numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that represent numbers as entities in themselves.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that represent or relate to numbers of various kinds.",
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

labels["ordinal numbers"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that specify the ordering of objects within a sequence.",
parents = {"numbers"},
}

labels["positive polarity items"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are chiefly or always used in an affirmative sentence, and not with a negation.",
additional = "These are the opposite of negative polarity items; see [[:Category:{{{langname}}} negative polarity items]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}}",
umbrella = {
additional = "These are the opposite of negative polarity items; see [[:Category:Negative polarity items by language]]. See also {{pedia|Polarity items}}",
},
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

labels["pro-forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to other parts of speech.",
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

labels["pro-sentences"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that substitute for full [[wikt:sentences|sentences]].",
parents = {"pro-forms"},
}

labels["questions"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are usually or notably used as questions.",
parents = {"sentences"},
}

labels["relative pro-forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that indicate [[wikt:relative clause|relative clause]]s.",
parents = {"pro-forms"},
}

labels["rhetorical questions"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} questions posed only for dramatic or persuasive effect.",
parents = {"idioms", "sentences", "questions"},
}

labels["subjunctive expressions"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} expressions containing grammatically [[wikt:subjunctive|subjunctive]] verbs.",
parents = {"terms by semantic function"},
}

for label, data in pairs(labels) do
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by semantic function subcategories by language"
end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Terms by semantic function subcategories by language"] = {
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their semantic function, such as types of numbers or questions.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"Umbrella metacategories",
{name = "terms by semantic function", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}

Module:category tree/pragmatic properties

2026-05-22T21:27:34Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}

local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"

local ucfirst = require(string_utilities_module).ucfirst

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["terms by usage"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the manner and context in which they are used by speakers.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

local function generate_category_with_senses(typ, desc, distinguish, other_types_in_group)
if distinguish then
distinguish = "\n\n" .. distinguish
else
distinguish = ""
end

local function make_preceding(pos)
if not other_types_in_group then
return nil
end
local cats = {}
for _, other_type in ipairs(other_types_in_group) do
table.insert(cats, ("Category:{{{langname}}} " .. pos):format(other_type))
end
return ("{{also|%s}}"):format(table.concat(cats, "|"))
end

local function make_umbrella_preceding(pos)
if not other_types_in_group then
return nil
end
local cats = {}
for _, other_type in ipairs(other_types_in_group) do
table.insert(cats, "Category:" .. ucfirst((pos .. " by language"):format(other_type)))
end
return ("{{also|%s}}"):format(table.concat(cats, "|"))
end

labels[("%s terms"):format(typ)] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} terms that %s."):format(desc),
additional = ("To categorize into this category, use {{tl|tlb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), " ..
"which should typically be placed next to the headword.\n\nIf the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term " ..
"in general use, it should be categorized instead in {{cl|{{{langname}}} %s forms}} (using " ..
"{{tl|%s form of|{{{langcode}}}|...}} or {{tl|%s spelling of|{{{langcode}}}|...}}). If only some senses of the term are %s, " ..
"it should be categorized instead in {{cl|{{{langname}}} terms with %s senses}}, using {{tl|lb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} " ..
"(template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format(
typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "terms")),
parents = {"terms by usage"},
preceding = make_preceding("%s terms"),
umbrella = {
preceding = make_umbrella_preceding("%s terms"),
additional = ("To categorize into this category, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>tlb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> " ..
"(template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), which should typically be placed next to the headword. " ..
"(<code><var>langcode</var></code> is the appropriate language code for the language in question; see [[Wiktionary:List of languages]].)\n\n" ..
"If the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be categorized instead in " ..
"{{cl|<var>langname</var> %s forms}} (using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s form of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code> " ..
"or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s spelling of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code>). " ..
"If only some senses of the term are %s, it should be categorized instead in {{cl|<var>langname</var> terms with %s senses}}, " ..
"using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> (template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should " ..
"typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format(
typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "terms")),
}
}
labels[("terms with %s senses"):format(typ)] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} terms with individual senses that %s."):format(desc),
additional = ("To categorize into this category, use {{tl|lb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''lb''', not '''tlb'''), " ..
"which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.\n\nIf the term itself, in all its senses, is %s, " ..
"it should be placed in {{cl|{{{langname}}} %s terms}} instead, using {{tl|tlb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} " ..
"(template '''tlb''' instead of '''lb'''), which should typically be placed next to the headword. " ..
"If the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be categorized in " ..
"{{cl|{{{langname}}} %s forms}} (using {{tl|%s form of|{{{langcode}}}|...}} or {{tl|%s spelling of|{{{langcode}}}|...}}).%s"):format(
typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "senses")),
parents = {{name = "terms by usage", sort = ("%s senses"):format(typ)}},
breadcrumb = ("with %s senses"):format(typ),
preceding = make_preceding("terms with %s senses"),
umbrella = {
preceding = make_umbrella_preceding("terms with %s senses"),
additional = ("To categorize into this category, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> " ..
"(template '''lb''', not '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense. " ..
"(<code><var>langcode</var></code> is the appropriate language code for the language in question; see [[Wiktionary:List of languages]].)\n\n" ..
"If the term itself, in all its senses, is %s, it should be placed in {{cl|<var>langname</var> %s terms}} instead, using " ..
"<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>tlb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> (template '''tlb''' instead of '''lb'''), which should " ..
"typically be placed next to the headword. If the term is merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, " ..
"it should be categorized in {{cl|<var>langname</var> %s forms}} (using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s form of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code> " ..
"or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s spelling of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code>.%s"):format(
typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "senses")),
}
}
labels[("%s forms"):format(typ)] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} forms that %s; and serve as alternative forms of the same terms in general use."):format(desc),
additional = ("To categorize into this category, use {{tl|%s form of|{{{langcode}}}|...}} or {{tl|%s spelling of|{{{langcode}}}|...}}.\n\n" ..
"If the term is not merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be placed in {{cl|{{{langname}}} %s terms}} " ..
"instead; to do this, use {{tl|tlb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), which should typically be placed next to the " ..
"headword. If only some senses of the term are %s, it should be categorized instead in {{cl|{{{langname}}} terms with %s senses}}, " ..
"using {{tl|lb|{{{langcode}}}|%s}} (template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format(
typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "forms")),
parents = {{name = ("%s terms"):format(typ), sort = "forms"}},
breadcrumb = "forms",
preceding = make_preceding("%s forms"),
umbrella = {
preceding = make_umbrella_preceding("%s forms"),
additional = ("To categorize into this category, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s form of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code> " ..
"or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>%s spelling of|<var>langcode</var>|...}}</code>. (<code><var>langcode</var></code> is the " ..
"appropriate language code for the language in question; see [[Wiktionary:List of languages]].)\n\n" ..
"If the term is not merely a variant (alternative form) of a term in general use, it should be placed in {{cl|<var>langname</var> %s terms}} " ..
"instead; to do this, use <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> (template '''tlb''', not '''lb'''), " ..
"which should typically be placed next to the headword. If only some senses of the term are %s, it should be categorized instead " ..
"in {{cl|<var>langname</var> terms with %s senses}}, using <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lb|<var>langcode</var>|%s}}</code> " ..
"(template '''lb''' instead of '''tlb'''), which should typically be placed next to the individual sense.%s"):format(
typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, typ, distinguish:gsub("POS", "forms")),
}
}
end

local function generate_related_categories_with_senses(info)
for typ, spec in pairs(info) do
local other_types = {}
for other_type, _ in pairs(info) do
if other_type ~= typ then
table.insert(other_types, other_type)
end
end
table.sort(other_types)
generate_category_with_senses(typ, spec.desc, spec.distinguish, other_types)
end
end

generate_related_categories_with_senses {
archaic = {
desc = "are no longer in general use but still encountered in older literature, sometimes still used for special effect, and typically recognized by native speakers",
distinguish = "Archaic POS should be distinguished from dated POS, which are merely [[wikt:unfashionable|unfashionable]] and [[wikt:anachronistic|anachronistic]] but still sometimes used, especially by older speakers; and on the other hand from obsolete POS, which are no longer in use at all and are not usually recognized by native speakers.",
},
dated = {
desc = "are no longer fashionable and thus are [[wikt:anachronistic|anachronistic]], but still sometimes in use, especially by older speakers",
distinguish = "Dated POS should be distinguished from archaic POS, which are no longer in use (except occasionally for special effect) but are still sometimes encountered in older literature and are typically recognized by native speakers; and obsolete POS, which are no longer in use at all and are not usually recognized by native speakers.",
},
obsolete = {
desc = "are no longer in use and not usually recognized by native speakers, but still sometimes found in older literature",
distinguish = "Obsolete POS should be distinguished from archaic POS, which, although no longer in general use, are still occasionally used for special effect and are typically recognized by native speakers; and dated POS, which are merely [[wikt:unfashionable|unfashionable]] and [[wikt:anachronistic|anachronistic]] but still sometimes used, especially by older speakers.",
},
}

generate_related_categories_with_senses {
rare = {
desc = "are rarely found in general use and may not be recognized by some native speakers",
distinguish = "Rare POS should be distinguished from uncommon POS, which are not common but used enough to be generally recognized.",
},
uncommon = {
desc = "are in general use but not common",
distinguish = "Uncommon POS should be distinguished from rare POS, which are infrequent enough that they are sometimes not recognized by native speakers.",
},
}

labels["2channel slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|2channel}}.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["4chan slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|4chan}}.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["4chan /lgbt/ slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the /lgbt/ board of the website {{w|4chan}}.",
parents = {"4chan slang", "LGBTQ slang"},
}

labels["angry register terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms belonging to an angry linguistic register, used only when the speaker is angry.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["anti-LGBTQ slurs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to offend [[wikt:LGBTQ|LGBTQ]] people.",
parents = {"offensive terms"},
}

labels["autological terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that possess the property they themselves describe.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["back slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms in which the written word is spoken phonemically backwards to form a coded language.",
parents = {"cant"},
}

labels["cant"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to form secret languages that are typically restricted to members of a specific group.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["censored spellings"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} spellings where some characters have been changed in an effort to reduce the shock value of the original term.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["childish terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are typically only used by, or to, children.",
parents = {"terms by usage", "informal terms"},
}

labels["colloquialisms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are likely to be used primarily in casual conversation rather than in more formal written works, speeches, and discourse.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["corporate jargon"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms (typically for non-business-specific concepts) that are used especially in a [[wikt:business|business]] or [[wikt:corporate|corporate]] [[wikt:context|context]].",
additional = "See also [[:Category:Businesses]], [[:Category:Business]] and language-specific categories thereof for terms related to business-specific concepts.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["criminal slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to criminals.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["derogatory terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to [[wikt:disparage|disparage]], [[wikt:demean|demean]], [[wikt:insult|insult]] or [[wikt:offend|offend]].",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["dialectal terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are not used in standard language but only in dialects.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["dis legomena"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are attested only twice in the entire corpus.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["drag slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms used in the [[wikt:drag|drag]] community.",
parents = {"LGBTQ slang"},
}

labels["ecclesiastical terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used only by religious figures.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["eggcorns"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:eggcorn|eggcorn]]s, terms which are misconstructed.",
parents = {"misconstructions"},
}

labels["emoticons"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} characters, or sequences of characters, that imitate expressions and other objects by means of [[wikt:pareidolia|pareidolia]].",
parents = {"internet slang", "text messaging slang"},
}

labels["endearing terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to show affection or endearment to another person.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["ethnic slurs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to offend certain ethnic groups.",
parents = {"offensive terms"},
}

labels["expressive terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms with additional expressive content compared with the basic meaning of the term.",
additional = "This term is common in Slavic lexicography and is found in most Czech, Slovak and Polish dictionaries, but there is no exact equivalent in English lexicography. The closest equivalents might be a combination of ''colloquial'' and either ''endearing'' or ''pejorative'', as the case may be.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["eye dialect"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nonstandard spellings, which however do not change pronunciation, deliberately used by an author to indicate that the speaker uses a nonstandard or dialectal speech.",
parents = {"nonstandard forms", "terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["familiar terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically to contexts of friendly intimacy.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["fandom slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to fans of one or more works of fiction.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["filter-avoidance spellings"] = {
description = "Deliberate misspellings of {{{langname}}} terms that are used to avoid [[w:Wordfilter|wordfilters]].",
parents = {"deliberate misspellings"},
}

labels["folk poetic terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is typically restricted to works of oral or folk poetry.",
parents = {"terms by usage", "poetic terms"},
}

labels["formal terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically restricted to polite, ceremonious, non-casual contexts.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["gay slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to homosexual people.",
parents = {"LGBTQ slang"},
}

labels["gender-critical slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to gender-critical feminists.",
parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Gender-critical feminism"},
}

labels["gender-neutral terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are applicable to all people, independent of gender.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["graffiti slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to creators of [[graffiti#Noun|graffiti]].",
parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Art"},
}

labels["higher register terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms belonging to a higher linguistic register, such as literary terms; such terms are somewhat less common or known.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["historical terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that refer to obsolete things or concepts.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["honorific terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:honorific|honorific]] terms, which are used to show deference and respect.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["polite terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:polite|polite]] terms, which are used to show deference and respect.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["hapax legomena"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are attested only once in the entire corpus.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["humble terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:humble|humble]] terms, which are used to show humility towards the addressee, indicating that the speaker has a lower social standing.",
parents = {"honorific terms"},
}

labels["hypercorrections"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} forms of other terms by misapplications of grammatical or orthographical rules.",
parents = {"nonstandard terms", "nonstandard forms"},
}

labels["hyperforeign terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms created by misapplying the perceived grammatical, orthographical or phonetical rules of another language.",
parents = {"hypercorrections"},
}

labels["incel slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to incels.",
parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Incel community"},
}

labels["imperfective forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that serve as imperfective variants of perfective verbs, sharing the same base set of meanings.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["informal forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that can be used in casual, non-ceremonious conversations as alternative forms of other terms.",
additional = "Informal non-lemma form variants also belong here.",
parents = {"informal terms"},
}

labels["informal terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically restricted to casual, non‐ceremonious conversations.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["deliberate misspellings"] = {
description = "Deliberate misspellings of {{{langname}}} terms.",
parents = {"misspellings"},
}

labels["internet laughter slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms that are used as substitutes for laughter in internet-related contexts.",
additional = "::''Note: The majority of items that <u>could</u> be here do not meet Wiktionary's [[WT:CFI|criteria for inclusion]].''",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["internet slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to internet users.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["humorous terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are humorous, amusing or joking.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["journalistic terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used especially in [[wikt:journalistic|journalistic]] language, i.e. in newspapers and magazines.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["kennings"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} metaphorical compounds or phrases describing basic objects in an allusive fashion, used especially in Germanic poetry.",
parents = {"poetic terms"},
}

labels["leetspeak"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} which are used in [[wikt:leetspeak|leetspeak]], a variety of internet slang that focuses on substitution of letters by other characters which are similar in appearance.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["LGBTQ slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms which are used predominantly among [[wikt:LGBTQ|LGBTQ]] people.",
parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:LGBTQ"},
}
labels["literary terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is typically restricted to works of literature.",
parents = {"higher register terms"},
}

labels["medical slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to medical doctors, such as physicians and surgeons.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["military slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to military personnel.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["misconstructions"] = {
description = "Terms wrongly built due to a misunderstanding of their parts.",
parents = {"nonstandard forms"},
}

labels["misromanizations"] = {
description = "Common misromanizations of {{{langname}}} terms.",
parents = {"nonstandard forms"},
}

labels["misspellings"] = {
description = "Common accidental misspellings of {{{langname}}} terms and some terms which are deliberate misspellings.",
parents = {"nonstandard forms"},
}

labels["multiplicity slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to the {{l|en|multiplicity|id=multiple personalities}} [[wikt:community|community]].",
parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Multiplicity (psychology)"},
}

labels["naval slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to naval personnel.",
parents = {"military slang"},
}

labels["nonstandard forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} forms of standard terms that are considered improper, incorrect or commonly misused.",
parents = {"nonstandard terms"},
}

labels["nonstandard terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are considered improper, incorrect or commonly misused.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["numismatic slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to numismatists.",
parents = {"slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Currency"},
}

labels["offensive terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are typically considered to offend people.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["officialese terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are chiefly used by official sources, and are often bureaucratic-sounding.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["oxymorons"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are juxtapositions of opposing ideas.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["perfective forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that serve as perfective variants of imperfective verbs, sharing the same base set of meanings.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["placeholder terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to refer to items for which one does not know or cannot recall the name, or is unable to or does not care to specify precisely.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["poetic forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that can be used in works of poetry as poetic alternative forms of other terms.",
additional = "Poetic non-lemma form variants also belong here.",
parents = {"poetic terms"},
}

labels["poetic terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is typically restricted to works of poetry.",
parents = {"terms by usage", "literary terms"},
}

labels["post-nominal letters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} Post-nominal letters - also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles or designatory letters are letters placed after the name of a person to indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["prison slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to detainees in correctional institutions.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["proscribed terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose usage is proscribed; thus, they are considered wrong according to prescriptive sources.",
parents = {"terms by usage", "nonstandard terms"},
}

labels["puristic terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms adopted for [[w:Linguistic purism|linguistic purism]].",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["radio slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to radio communication.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["Reddit slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|Reddit}}.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["religious slurs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are intended to offend members of certain religions.",
parents = {"offensive terms"},
}

labels["reverential terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:reverential|reverential]] terms, which are used to exalt the addressee, indicating that they have a higher social standing than the speaker.",
parents = {"honorific terms"},
}

labels["royal terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used only by royalty.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["rustic terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose use is typically restricted rural speech.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["school slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to schools and school pupils.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["self-deprecatory terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:self-deprecatory|self-deprecatory]] terms.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["short forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[wikt:short form|short form]]s of other terms, often used informally.",
parents = {"terms by usage", "shortenings"},
}

labels["slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:colloquial|colloquial]] terms that are typically used to mark membership in a cultural subgroup.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["solemn terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to instill a sense of somberness.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["student slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to colleges, universities, and their students.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["superseded forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} forms that have been superseded by other forms due to changes in spelling conventions.",
parents = {"terms by usage", "terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["swear words"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration.",
parents = {"vulgarities"},
}

labels["technical terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are usually or exclusively used in technical/scientific writing.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["terms of address"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used to refer to another person.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["terms used in hendiadys"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words or senses which are used only in {{w|hendiadys}}.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["terms with historical senses"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms with senses that refer to things or concepts mainly known for their historical value.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["terms with transferred senses"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms with {{glossary|transferred senses}}.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["terms with uncertain meaning"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose meaning is unknown or disputed.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["text messaging slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms used for [[wikt:text messaging|text messaging]] on mobile phones or similar devices, usually consisting of heavily abbreviated forms.",
parents = {"slang"},
}

labels["tone indicators"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} symbols used to denote or clarify the intent of a preceeding or occasionally following message.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["trademarks"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that identify legal entities, their products and services, by means of legal protection — to some extent, in a number of jurisdictions — against unauthorized use of the terms.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["transgender slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to transgender people.",
parents = {"LGBTQ slang", "Category:{{{langcode}}}:Transgender"},
}

labels["TV Tropes slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of the website {{w|TV Tropes}}.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["umlautless spellings"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are the result of the original terms' [[wikt:umlaut|umlaut]]s being substituted.",
parents = {"nonstandard forms", "terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["Usenet slang"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:slang|slang]] terms whose usage is typically restricted to users of {{w|Usenet}}.",
parents = {"internet slang"},
}

labels["men's speech terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms and forms used in {{glossary|men's speech}}.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["women's speech terms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms and forms used in {{glossary|women's speech}}.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

labels["vulgarities"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose tone (rather than the meaning) is offensive to polite company.",
parents = {"terms by usage"},
}

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present.
for key, data in pairs(labels) do
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by usage subcategories by language"
end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Terms by usage subcategories by language"] = {
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their usage, such as slang, obsolete or archaic forms and vulgarities.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"Umbrella metacategories",
{name = "terms by usage", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}

Module:category tree/poscatboiler

2026-05-22T21:27:32Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local lang_independent_data = require("Module:category tree/data")
local lang_specific_module = "Module:category tree/lang"
local lang_specific_module_prefix = lang_specific_module .. "/"
local family_specific_module = "Module:category tree/fam"
local family_specific_module_prefix = family_specific_module .. "/"
local labels_utilities_module = "Module:labels/utilities"
local template_parser_module = "Module:template parser"

local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local expand_template = require("Module:frame").expandTemplate
local insert = table.insert
local is_callable = require("Module:fun").is_callable
local lcfirst = require("Module:string utilities").lcfirst
local list_to_set = require("Module:table").listToSet
local make_title = mw.title.makeTitle
local new_title = mw.title.new
local parse = require(template_parser_module).parse
local sparse_concat = require("Module:table").sparseConcat
local tostring = tostring
local type = type
local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst
local uupper = require("Module:string utilities").upper

local function internal_error(msg)
error("Internal error: " .. msg)
end

local function get_lang(...)
local _get_lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode
function get_lang(...)
return _get_lang(...) or require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").code(...)
end
return get_lang(...)
end

local function get_script(...)
local _get_script = require("Module:scripts").getByCode
function get_script(code)
return _get_script(code) or require("Module:languages/error")(code, true, "script code")
end
return get_script(...)
end

-- Category object

local Category = {}
Category.__index = Category

function Category:get_originating_info()
local originating_info = ""
if self._info.originating_label then
originating_info = " (originating from label \"" .. self._info.originating_label .. "\" in module [[wikt:" .. self._info.originating_module .. "|" .. self._info.originating_module .. "]])"
end
return originating_info
end

local valid_keys = list_to_set{"code", "label", "sc", "raw", "args", "also", "called_from_inside", "originating_label", "originating_module"}

function Category.new(info)
for key in pairs(info) do
if not valid_keys[key] then
internal_error("The parameter \"" .. key .. "\" was not recognized.")
end
end

local self = setmetatable({}, Category)
self._info = info

if not self._info.label then
internal_error("No label was specified.")
end

self:initCommon()

if not self._data then
internal_error("The " .. (self._info.raw and "raw " or "") .. "label \"" .. self._info.label .. "\" does not exist" .. self:get_originating_info() .. ".")
end

return self
end

function Category:initCommon()
local function patch_args(args)
-- This fixes the issue with Scribunto automatically converting keys
-- in a table as numbers to strings, which in turn causes a circular
-- error for having argument parameter names as numbers as strings.

if type(args) ~= "table" then
return args
end

local new_args = {}
for k, v in pairs(args) do
if type(k) == "string" and string.len(k) < 10 and not string.match(k, "^0") and string.match(k, "^%d+$") then
new_args[tonumber(k)] = patch_args(v)
else
new_args[k] = patch_args(v)
end
end
return new_args
end

local args_handled = false
if self._info.raw then
-- Check if the category exists
local raw_categories = lang_independent_data["RAW_CATEGORIES"]
self._data = raw_categories[self._info.label]

if self._data then
if self._data.lang then
self._lang = get_lang(self._data.lang, nil, true)
self._info.code = self._lang:getCode()
end
if self._data.sc then
self._sc = get_script(self._data.sc)
self._info.sc = self._sc:getCode()
end
else
-- Go through raw handlers
local data = {
category = self._info.label,
args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {},
called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside,
}
for _, handler in ipairs(lang_independent_data["RAW_HANDLERS"]) do
self._data, args_handled = handler.handler(data)
if self._data then
self._data.module = self._data.module or handler.module
break
end
end
if self._data then
-- Update the label if the handler specified a canonical name for it.
if self._data.canonical_name then
self._info.canonical_name = self._data.canonical_name
end
if self._data.lang then
if type(self._data.lang) ~= "string" then
internal_error("Received non-string value " .. dump(self._data.lang) .. " for self._data.lang, label \"" .. self._info.label .. "\"" .. self:get_originating_info() .. ".")
end
self._lang = get_lang(self._data.lang, nil, true)
self._info.code = self._lang:getCode()
end
if self._data.sc then
if type(self._data.sc) ~= "string" then
internal_error("Received non-string value " .. dump(self._data.sc) .. " for self._data.sc, label \"" .. self._info.label .. "\"" .. self:get_originating_info() .. ".")
end
self._sc = get_script(self._data.sc)
self._info.sc = self._sc:getCode()
end
end
end
else
-- Already parsed into language + label
if self._info.code then
self._lang = get_lang(self._info.code, nil, true)
else
self._lang = nil
end

if self._info.sc then
self._sc = get_script(self._info.sc)
else
self._sc = nil
end

self._info.orig_label = self._info.label
if not self._lang then
-- Umbrella categories without a preceding language always begin with a capital letter, but the actual label may be
-- lowercase (cf. [[:Category:Nouns by language]] with label 'nouns' with per-language [[:Category:English nouns]];
-- but [[:Category:Reddit slang by language]] with label 'Reddit slang' with per-language
-- [[:Category:English Reddit slang]]). Since the label is almost always lowercase, we lowercase it for umbrella
-- categories, storing the original into `orig_label`, and correct it later if needed.
self._info.label = lcfirst(self._info.label)
end

-- First, check lang-specific labels and handlers if this is not an umbrella category.
if self._lang then
local objects_with_modules = require(lang_specific_module)
local obj, seen = self._lang, {}
local object_specific_module_prefix = lang_specific_module_prefix
local is_family = false
repeat
if objects_with_modules[obj:getCode()] then
local module = object_specific_module_prefix .. obj:getCode()
local labels_and_handlers = require(module)
if labels_and_handlers.LABELS then
self._data = labels_and_handlers.LABELS[self._info.label]
if self._data then
if not is_family and self._data.umbrella == nil and self._data.umbrella_parents == nil then
self._data.umbrella = false
end
self._data.module = self._data.module or module
end
end
if not self._data and labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS then
for _, handler in ipairs(labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS) do
local data = {
label = self._info.label,
lang = self._lang,
sc = self._sc,
args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {},
called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside,
}
self._data, args_handled = handler(data)
if self._data then
if not is_family and self._data.umbrella == nil and
self._data.umbrella_parents == nil then
self._data.umbrella = false
end
self._data.module = self._data.module or module
break
end
end
end
if self._data then
break
end
end
seen[obj:getCode()] = true
obj = obj:getFamily()
if not is_family then
is_family = true
object_specific_module_prefix = family_specific_module_prefix
objects_with_modules = require(family_specific_module)
end
until not obj or seen[obj:getCode()]
end

local function fetch_label_data(labels)
self._data = labels[self._info.label]
-- See comment above about uppercase- vs. lowercase-initial labels, which are indistinguishable
-- in umbrella categories.
if not self._data then
self._data = labels[self._info.orig_label]
if self._data then
self._info.label = self._info.orig_label
end
end
end
-- Then check lang-independent labels.
if not self._data then
-- lang_independent_data.LABELS should always exist.
fetch_label_data(lang_independent_data.LABELS)
if not self._data and not self._lang then
-- Check family-specific labels for umbrella label.
local families_with_modules = require(family_specific_module)
for famcode, _ in pairs(families_with_modules) do
local module = family_specific_module_prefix .. famcode
local labels_and_handlers = require(module)
if labels_and_handlers.LABELS then
fetch_label_data(labels_and_handlers.LABELS)
if self._data then
self._data.module = self._data.module or module
break
end
end
end
end
end

-- Then check lang-independent handlers.
if not self._data then
local data = {
label = self._info.label,
lang = self._lang,
sc = self._sc,
args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {},
called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside,
}
for _, handler in ipairs(lang_independent_data["HANDLERS"]) do
self._data, args_handled = handler.handler(data)
if self._data then
self._data.module = self._data.module or handler.module
break
end
end
if not self._lang then
-- Check family-specific labels for umbrella handler.
local families_with_modules = require(family_specific_module)
for famcode, _ in pairs(families_with_modules) do
local module = family_specific_module_prefix .. famcode
local labels_and_handlers = require(module)
if labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS then
for _, handler in ipairs(labels_and_handlers.HANDLERS) do
local data = {
label = self._info.label,
sc = self._sc,
args = patch_args(self._info.args) or {},
called_from_inside = self._info.called_from_inside,
}
self._data, args_handled = handler(data)
if self._data then
self._data.module = self._data.module or module
break
end
end
end
if self._data then
break
end
end
end
end
end

if not args_handled and self._data and self._info.args and next(self._info.args) then
local module_text = " (handled in [[wikt:" .. (self._data.module or "UNKNOWN").. "|" .. (self._data.module or "UNKNOWN").. "]])"
local args_text = {}
for k, v in pairs(self._info.args) do
insert(args_text, k .. "=" .. ((type(v) == "string" or type(v) == "number") and v or dump(v)))
end
error("poscatboiler label '" .. self._info.label .. "' " .. module_text .. " doesn't accept extra args " ..
concat(args_text, ", "))
end

if self._sc and not self._lang then
internal_error("Umbrella categories cannot have a script specified.")
end
end

function Category:convert_spec_to_string(desc)
if not desc then
return desc
end
local desc_type = type(desc)
if desc_type == "string" then
return desc
elseif desc_type == "number" then
return tostring(desc)
elseif not is_callable(desc) then
internal_error("`desc` must be a string, number, function, callable table or nil; received " .. dump(desc))
end
desc = desc {
lang = self._lang,
sc = self._sc,
label = self._info.label,
raw = self._info.raw,
}
if not desc then
return desc
end
desc_type = type(desc)
if desc_type == "string" then
return desc
end
internal_error("The value returned by `desc` must be a string or nil; received " .. dump(desc))
end

local function add_obj_args(args, obj, obj_type)
if obj then
args[obj_type .. "code"] = obj:getCode()
args[obj_type .. "name"] = obj:getCanonicalName()
args[obj_type .. "disp"] = obj:getDisplayForm()
args[obj_type .. "cat"] = obj:getCategoryName()
args[obj_type .. "link"] = obj:makeCategoryLink()
end
end

-- Expands `desc` like a template, passing values for specs like {{{langname}}}.
function Category:substitute_template_specs(desc)
-- This may end up happening twice but that's OK as the function is (usually) idempotent.
-- FIXME: Not idempotent if a preprocessed template returns wikicode.
desc = self:convert_spec_to_string(desc)
if not desc then
return nil
end

-- Populate the substitution arguments.
local args = {}

args.umbrella_msg = "This is an umbrella category. It contains no dictionary entries, but only other, language-specific categories, which in turn contain relevant terms in a given language."

args.umbrella_meta_msg = "This is an umbrella metacategory, covering a general area such as \"lemmas\", \"names\" or \"terms by etymology\". It contains no dictionary entries, but holds only umbrella (\"by language\") categories covering specific subtopics, which in turn contain language-specific categories holding terms in a given language for that same topic."

add_obj_args(args, self._lang, "lang")
add_obj_args(args, self._sc, "sc")

return parse(desc, true):expand(args)
end

function Category:substitute_template_specs_in_args(args)
if not args then
return args
end
local pinfo = {}
for k, v in pairs(args) do
pinfo[self:substitute_template_specs(k)] = self:substitute_template_specs(v)
end
return pinfo
end

function Category:make_new(info)
info.originating_label = self._info.label
info.originating_module = self._data.module
info.called_from_inside = true
return Category.new(info)
end

function Category:getBreadcrumbName()
local ret

if self._lang or self._info.raw then
ret = self._data.breadcrumb or self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key or
self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base or nil
else
ret = self._data.umbrella and (self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb or
self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key or self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base) or
nil
end
if not ret then
ret = self._info.label
end

if type(ret) ~= "table" then
ret = {name = ret}
end

local name = self:substitute_template_specs(ret.name)
local nocap = ret.nocap

if self._sc then
name = name .. " in " .. self._sc:getDisplayForm()
end

return name, nocap
end

local function expand_toc_template_if(template)
local template_obj = new_title(template, 10)
if template_obj.exists then
return expand_template{title = template_obj.text}
end
return nil
end

-- Return the textual expansion of the first existing template among the given templates, first performing
-- substitutions on the template name such as replacing {{{langcode}}} with the current language's code (if any).
-- If no templates exist after expansion, or if nil is passed in, return nil. If a single string is passed in,
-- treat it like a one-element list consisting of that string.
function Category:get_template_text(templates)
if templates == nil then
return nil
elseif type(templates) ~= "table" then
templates = {templates}
end
for _, template in ipairs(templates) do
if template == false then
return false
end
template = self:substitute_template_specs(template)
return expand_toc_template_if(template)
end
return nil
end

function Category:getTOC(toc_type)
-- Type "none" means everything fits on a single page; in that case, display nothing.
if toc_type == "none" then
return nil
end

local templates, fallback_templates

-- If TOC type is "full" (more than 2500 entries), do the following, in order:
-- 1. look up and expand the `toc_template_full` templates (normal or umbrella, depending on whether there is
-- a current language);
-- 2. look up and expand the `toc_template` templates (normal or umbrella, as above);
-- 3. do the default behavior, which is as follows:
-- 3a. look up a language-specific "full" template according to the current language (using English if there
-- is no current language);
-- 3b. look up a script-specific "full" template according to the first script of current language (using English
-- if there is no current language);
-- 3c. look up a language-specific "normal" template according to the current language (using English if there
-- is no current language);
-- 3d. look up a script-specific "normal" template according to the first script of the current language (using
-- English if there is no current language);
-- 3e. display nothing.
--
-- If TOC type is "normal" (between 200 and 2500 entries), do the following, in order:
-- 1. look up and expand the `toc_template` templates (normal or umbrella, depending on whether there is
-- a current language);
-- 2. do the default behavior, which is as follows:
-- 2a. look up a language-specific "normal" template according to the current language (using English if there
-- is no current language);
-- 2b. look up a script-specific "normal" template according to the first script of the current language (using
-- English if there is no current language);
-- 2c. display nothing.

local data_source
if self._lang or self._info.raw then
data_source = self._data
else
data_source = self._data.umbrella
end

if data_source then
if toc_type == "full" then
templates = data_source.toc_template_full
fallback_templates = data_source.toc_template
else
templates = data_source.toc_template
end
end

local text = self:get_template_text(templates)
if text then
return text
elseif text == false then
return nil
end
text = self:get_template_text(fallback_templates)
if text then
return text
elseif text == false then
return nil
end
local default_toc_templates_to_check = {}

local lang, sc = self:getCatfixInfo()
local langcode = lang and lang:getCode() or "en"
local sccode = sc and sc:getCode() or lang and lang:getScriptCodes()[1] or "Latn"
-- FIXME: What is toctemplateprefix used for?
local tocname = (self._data.toctemplateprefix or "") .. "categoryTOC"
if toc_type == "full" then
insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s/full"):format(langcode, tocname))
insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s/full"):format(sccode, tocname))
end
insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s"):format(langcode, tocname))
insert(default_toc_templates_to_check, ("%s-%s"):format(sccode, tocname))

for _, toc_template in ipairs(default_toc_templates_to_check) do
local toc_template_text = expand_toc_template_if(toc_template)
if toc_template_text then
return toc_template_text
end
end
return nil
end

function Category:getInfo()
return self._info
end

function Category:getDataModule()
return self._data.module
end

function Category:canBeEmpty()
if self._lang or self._info.raw then
return self._data.can_be_empty
end
return self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.can_be_empty
end

function Category:isHidden()
if self._lang or self._info.raw then
return self._data.hidden
end
return self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.hidden
end

function Category:getCategoryName()
if self._info.raw then
return self._info.canonical_name or self._info.label
elseif self._lang then
local ret = self._lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " .. self._info.label
if self._sc then
ret = ret .. " in " .. self._sc:getDisplayForm()
end
return ucfirst(ret)
end
local ret = ucfirst(self._info.label)
if not (self._data.no_by_language or self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.no_by_language) then
ret = ret .. " by language"
end
return ret
end

function Category:getTopright()
if self._lang or self._info.raw then
return self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.topright)
end
return self._data.umbrella and self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.umbrella.topright)
end

function Category:display_title(displaytitle, lang)
if type(displaytitle) == "string" then
displaytitle = self:substitute_template_specs(displaytitle)
else
displaytitle = displaytitle(self:getCategoryName(), lang)
end
mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction("DISPLAYTITLE", "Category:" .. displaytitle)
end

function Category:get_labels_categorizing()
local m_labels_utilities = require(labels_utilities_module)
local pos_cat_labels, sense_cat_labels, use_tlb
pos_cat_labels = m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(self._info.label, "pos", self._lang)
local sense_label = self._info.label:match("^(.*) terms$")
if sense_label then
use_tlb = true
else
sense_label = self._info.label:match("^terms with (.*) senses$")
end
if not sense_label then
return nil
end
sense_cat_labels = m_labels_utilities.find_labels_for_category(sense_label, "sense", self._lang)
if use_tlb then
return m_labels_utilities.format_labels_categorizing(pos_cat_labels, sense_cat_labels, self._lang)
end
local all_labels = pos_cat_labels
for k, v in pairs(sense_cat_labels) do
all_labels[k] = v
end
return m_labels_utilities.format_labels_categorizing(all_labels, nil, self._lang)
end

-- FIXME: this is clunky.
local function remove_lang_params(desc)
-- Simply remove a language name/code/category from the beginning of the string, but replace the language name
-- in the middle of the string with either "specific languages" or "specific-language" depending on whether the
-- language name appears to be an attributive qualifier of another noun or to stand by itself. This may be wrong,
-- in which case the category in question should supply its own umbrella description.
desc = desc:gsub("^{{{langname}}} ", "")
:gsub("{{{langname}}} %(", "specific languages (")
:gsub("{{{langname}}}([.,])", "specific languages%1")
:gsub("{{{langname}}} ", "specific-language ")
:gsub("{{{langdisp}}}", "specific languages")
:gsub("{{{langlink}}}", "specific languages")
return desc
end

function Category:getDescription(isChild)
-- Allows different text in the list of a category's children
local isChild = isChild == "child"

if self._lang or self._info.raw then
if not isChild and self._data.displaytitle then
self:display_title(self._data.displaytitle, self._lang)
end
if self._sc then
return self:getCategoryName() .. "."
end
local desc = self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.description)
if not desc then
return nil
elseif isChild then
return desc
end
return sparse_concat({
self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.preceding),
desc,
self:substitute_template_specs(self._data.additional),
self:substitute_template_specs(self:get_labels_categorizing()),
}, "\n\n")
end

local umbrella = self._data.umbrella
if not isChild and umbrella and umbrella.displaytitle then
self:display_title(umbrella.displaytitle)
end

local desc = self:substitute_template_specs(umbrella and umbrella.description)
local has_umbrella_desc = not not desc
if not desc then
desc = self:convert_spec_to_string(self._data.description)
if desc then
desc = remove_lang_params(desc)
desc = lcfirst(desc)
desc = desc:gsub("%.$", "")
desc = "Categories with " .. desc .. "."
else
desc = "Categories with " .. self._info.label .. " in various specific languages."
end
desc = self:substitute_template_specs(desc)
end
if isChild then
return desc
end
return sparse_concat({
self:substitute_template_specs(umbrella and umbrella.preceding or not has_umbrella_desc and self._data.preceding),
desc,
self:substitute_template_specs(umbrella and umbrella.additional or not has_umbrella_desc and self._data.additional),
self:substitute_template_specs("{{{umbrella_msg}}}"),
self:substitute_template_specs(self:get_labels_categorizing()),
}, "\n\n")
end

function Category:new_sortkey(sortkey)
local sortkey_type = type(sortkey)
if sortkey_type == "string" then
sortkey = uupper(sortkey)
elseif sortkey_type == "table" then
function sortkey:makeSortKey()
local sort_func = self.sort_func
if sort_func ~= nil then
return sort_func(self.sort_base)
end
local lang = self.lang
if lang == nil then
return self.sort_base
end
lang = get_lang(lang, nil, true)
if lang == nil then
return self.sort_base
end
local sc = self.sc
if sc ~= nil then
sc = get_script(sc)
end
return lang:makeSortKey(self.sort_base, sc)
end
end

return sortkey
end

function Category:inherit_spec(spec, parent_spec, substitute_result)
if spec == false then
return nil
end
local retval = spec or parent_spec
if substitute_result then
retval = self:substitute_template_specs(retval)
end
return retval
end

function Category:canonicalize_parents_children(cats, is_children, fallback_sort_key, fallback_sort_base)
if not cats then
return nil
elseif type(cats) == "table" then
if cats.name or cats.module then
cats = {cats}
elseif #cats == 0 then
return nil
end
else
cats = {cats}
end

local ret = {}

for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do
if type(cat) ~= "table" or not cat.name and not cat.module then
cat = {name = cat}
end
insert(ret, cat)
end

local is_umbrella = not self._lang and not self._info.raw
local table_type = is_children and "extra_children" or "parents"

for i, cat in ipairs(ret) do
local raw
if self._info.raw or is_umbrella then
raw = not cat.is_label
else
raw = cat.raw
end

local lang = self:inherit_spec(cat.lang, not raw and self._info.code or nil, "substitute")
local sc = self:inherit_spec(cat.sc, not raw and self._info.sc or nil, "substitute")

-- Get the sortkey.
local sortkey = self:inherit_spec(cat.sort, i == 1 and (fallback_sort_key or fallback_sort_base and {sort_base = fallback_sort_base}) or nil)
if type(sortkey) == "table" then
sortkey.sort_base = self:substitute_template_specs(sortkey.sort_base) or
internal_error("Missing .sort_base in '" .. table_type .. "' .sort table for '" ..
self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'")
if sortkey.sort_func then
-- Not allowed to give a lang and/or script if sort_func is given.
local bad_spec = sortkey.lang and "lang" or sortkey.sc and "sc" or nil
if bad_spec then
internal_error("Cannot specify both ." .. bad_spec .. " and .sort_func in '" .. table_type ..
"' .sort table for '" .. self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" ..
(self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'")
end
else
sortkey.lang = self:inherit_spec(sortkey.lang, lang, "substitute")
sortkey.sc = self:inherit_spec(sortkey.sc, sc, "substitute")
end
else
sortkey = self:substitute_template_specs(sortkey)
end

local name
if cat.module then
-- A reference to a category using another category tree module.
if not cat.args then
internal_error("Missing .args in '" .. table_type .. "' table with module=\"" .. cat.module .. "\" for '" ..
self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'")
end
name = require("Module:category tree/" .. cat.module).new(self:substitute_template_specs_in_args(cat.args))
else
name = cat.name
if not name then
internal_error("Missing .name in " .. (is_umbrella and "umbrella " or "") .. "'" .. table_type .. "' table for '" ..
self._info.label .. "' category entry in module '" .. (self._data.module or "unknown") .. "'")
elseif type(name) == "string" then -- otherwise, assume it's a category object and use it directly
name = self:substitute_template_specs(name)
if name:find("^Category:") then
-- It's a non-poscatboiler category name.
sortkey = sortkey or is_children and name:gsub("^Category:", "") or self:getCategoryName()
else
-- It's a label.
sortkey = sortkey or is_children and name or self._info.label
name = self:make_new{
label = name, code = lang, sc = sc,
raw = raw, args = self:substitute_template_specs_in_args(cat.args)
}
end
end
end

sortkey = sortkey or is_children and " " or self._info.label

ret[i] = {
name = name,
description = is_children and self:substitute_template_specs(cat.description) or nil,
sort = self:new_sortkey(sortkey)
}
end

return ret
end

function Category:getParents()
local is_umbrella, ret = not self._lang and not self._info.raw
if self._sc then
local parent1 = self:make_new{code = self._info.code, label = "terms in " .. self._sc:getCanonicalName() .. " script"}
local parent2 = self:make_new{code = self._info.code, label = self._info.label, raw = self._info.raw, args = self._info.args}

ret = {
{name = parent1, sort = self._sc:getCanonicalName()},
{name = parent2, sort = self._sc:getCanonicalName()},
}
else
local parents, fallback_sort_key, fallback_sort_base
if is_umbrella then
parents = self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.parents or self._data.umbrella_parents
fallback_sort_key = self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key or nil
fallback_sort_base = self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base or nil
else
parents = self._data.parents
fallback_sort_key = self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_key
fallback_sort_base = self._data.breadcrumb_and_first_sort_base
end

ret = self:canonicalize_parents_children(parents, nil, fallback_sort_key, fallback_sort_base)
if not ret then
return nil
end
end

local self_cat = self:getCategoryName()
for _, parent in ipairs(ret) do
local parent_cat = parent.name.getCategoryName and parent.name:getCategoryName()
if self_cat == parent_cat then
internal_error(("Infinite loop would occur, as parent category '%s' is the same as the child category"):format(self_cat))
end
end

return ret
end

function Category:getChildren()
local is_umbrella = not self._lang and not self._info.raw
local children = self._data.children

local ret = {}

if not is_umbrella and children then
for _, child in ipairs(children) do
child = mw.clone(child)

if type(child) ~= "table" then
child = {name = child}
end

if not child.sort then
child.sort = child.name
end

-- FIXME, is preserving the script correct?
child.name = self:make_new{code = self._info.code, label = child.name, raw = child.raw, sc = self._info.sc}

insert(ret, child)
end
end

local extra_children
if is_umbrella then
extra_children = self._data.umbrella and self._data.umbrella.extra_children
else
extra_children = self._data.extra_children
end

extra_children = self:canonicalize_parents_children(extra_children, "children")
if extra_children then
for _, child in ipairs(extra_children) do
insert(ret, child)
end
end

return #ret > 0 and ret or nil
end

function Category:getUmbrella()
local umbrella = self._data.umbrella
if umbrella == false or self._info.raw or not self._lang or self._sc then
return nil
end
-- If `umbrella` is a string, use that; otherwise, use the label.
return self:make_new({label = type(umbrella) == "string" and umbrella or self._info.label})
end

function Category:getAppendix()
-- FIXME, this should be customizable.
local lang, label = self._lang, self._info.label
if self._info.raw or not (lang and label) then
return nil
end
--local appendix = make_title(100, lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " .. label)
return nil --appendix.exists and appendix.fullText or nil
end

function Category:getCatfixInfo()
if self._lang or self._sc or self._info.raw then
local langcode, sccode = self._data.catfix, self._data.catfix_sc
local lang, sc
if langcode then
langcode = self:substitute_template_specs(langcode)
lang = get_lang(langcode, nil, true)
elseif langcode == nil then -- not false
lang = self._lang
end
if sccode then
sccode = self:substitute_template_specs(sccode)
sc = get_script(sccode)
elseif sccode == nil then -- not false
sc = self._sc
end
if lang then
lang = lang:getFull()
end
return lang, sc
elseif not self._data.umbrella then
return
end
-- umbrella
local langcode, sccode = self._data.umbrella.catfix, self._data.umbrella.catfix_sc
local lang, sc
if langcode then
langcode = self:substitute_template_specs(langcode)
lang = get_lang(langcode, nil, true)
end
if sccode then
sccode = self:substitute_template_specs(sccode)
sc = get_script(sccode)
end
if lang then
lang = lang:getFull()
end
return lang, sc
end

function Category:getTOCTemplateName()
-- This should only be invoked if getTOC() returns true, meaning to do the default algorithm, but getTOC()
-- implements its own default algorithm.
internal_error("This should never get called")
end

local export = {}

function export.main(info)
local self = setmetatable({_info = info}, Category)

self:initCommon()

return self._data and self or nil
end

export.new = Category.new

return export

Module:category tree/phrases

2026-05-22T21:27:29Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}

labels["phrases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} groups of words elaborated to express ideas, not necessarily [[wikt:phrase|phrase]]s in the grammatical sense.",
umbrella_parents = "Lemmas subcategories by language",
parents = {"lemmas", "multiword terms"},
}

labels["adverb-adjective phrases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} phrases in which an adverb modifies the adjective that heads the phrase.",
umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "},
parents = {"phrases"},
}

labels["alliterative phrases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} phrases composed of two or more words that alliterate.",
umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "},
parents = {"phrases"},
}

labels["rhyming phrases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} phrases composed of two or more words that rhyme.",
umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "},
parents = {"phrases"},
}

labels["sentences"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:sentence|sentence]]s.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

labels["phrasebook"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} non-idiomatic phrases that are used in common situations, and may be useful to language learners or travellers.",
parents = {
"phrases",
{name = "Phrasebooks by language", raw = true, sort = "{{{langname}}}"}
},
umbrella = false, -- Umbrella has a nonstandard name so we treat it as a raw category
}

raw_categories["Phrasebooks by language"] = {
description = "Categories with phrasebooks in various specific languages.",
additional = "Phrasebook categories contain non-idiomatic phrases that are used in common situations, and may be useful to language learners or travellers.\n\n" ..
"See [[Wiktionary:Phrasebook]] for more information.\n\n{{{umbrella_msg}}}",
parents = "Fundamental",
}

for _, category in ipairs({
{name = "Basic", topics = {}},
{name = "Communication", topics = {"Communication"}},
{name = "Emergencies", topics = {"Emergency medicine"}},
{name = "Ethnicity", topics = {"Ethnicity"}},
{name = "Family", topics = {"Family"}},
{name = "Farewells", topics = {}},
{name = "Festivities", topics = {}},
{name = "Food and drink", topics = {"Food and drink"}},
{name = "Greetings", topics = {}},
{name = "Health", topics = {"Health"}},
{name = "Love", topics = {"Love"}},
{name = "Money", topics = {"Money"}},
{name = "Needs", topics = {}},
{name = "Religion", topics = {"Religion"}},
{name = "Sex", topics = {"Sex"}},
{name = "Time", topics = {"Time"}},
{name = "Travel", topics = {"Travel"}},
{name = "Weather", topics = {"Weather"}},
}) do
local parents = {
{name = "phrasebook", sort = category.name},
{name = "Phrasebooks by language/" .. category.name, raw = true, sort = "{{{langname}}}"},
}
for _, topic in ipairs(category.topics) do
table.insert(parents, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:" .. topic, sort = " ", raw = true})
end
labels["phrasebook/" .. category.name] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} common non-idiomatic phrases in the category '" .. category.name .. "'.",
breadcrumb = category.name,
parents = parents,
umbrella = false,
}
raw_categories["Phrasebooks by language/" .. category.name] = {
description = "Categories with common non-idiomatic phrases in the category '" .. category.name .. "', in various specific languages.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}",
parents = {{name = "Phrasebooks by language", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = category.name,
}
end

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}

Module:category tree/non-lemma forms

2026-05-22T21:27:28Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}

local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities"

local insert = table.insert
local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local degrees = {
comparative = "that express a higher degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another, or serve to set that thing apart from another",
superlative = "that express the highest possible degree of an attribute",
elative = "that, depending on the context, express either the comparative degree (a higher degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another) or the superlative degree (the highest possible degree of an attribute)",
exaggerated = "that express the highest possible degree of an attribute (like the superlative degree), but with an additional level of emphasis",
excessive = "that express an excessive degree of some attribute",
equative = "that express the same or a similar degree of an attribute when comparing one thing to another",
}

local degree_pos = { "adjective", "adverb", "determiner", "pronoun" }

for _, pos in ipairs(degree_pos) do
local plpos = pluralize(pos)
for degree, desc in pairs(degrees) do
labels[degree .. " " .. plpos] = {
breadcrumb = degree,
description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " " .. desc .. ".",
parents = {pos .. " forms"},
}
end
end

labels["non-lemma forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} inflected forms of other [[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]], categorized by their part of speech.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

-- Handle specific types of non-lemma forms. Each spec is of the form {POS, PARENT_POS} where POS is the singular form
-- of a part of speech for which non-lemma forms exist (e.g. 'determiner' is listed because 'determiner forms' exist),
-- and PARENT_POS is the singular form of the parent category to add the category to. For example, the spec
-- {"circumfix", "morpheme"} means that 'circumfix forms' categories have the corresponding 'morpheme forms' categories
-- as their first parent. The second parent is the POS itself; e.g. 'morpheme forms' has 'morphemes' as its second
-- parent, with a sort key that places 'morpheme forms' at the beginning of the child categories. If PARENT_POS is
-- 'false', only the second parent appears as the parent. If a spec is a single string POS, the PARENT_POS defaults to
-- "non-lemma"; e.g. if the spec is "adjective", then 'adjective forms' categories have the corresponding
-- 'non-lemma forms' category as their first parent.
local specs = {
"adjective",
"adverb",
{"article", "determiner"},
{"circumfix", "morpheme"},
"classifier",
"clitic",
"conjunction",
"determiner",
{"infinitive", false},
"interjection",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"numeral",
"participle",
"particle",
{"past participle", "participle"},
"predicative",
{"prefix", "morpheme"},
"proper noun",
"postposition",
"preposition",
"pronoun",
{"suffix", "morpheme"},
"verb",
}

for degree in pairs(degrees) do
for _, pos in ipairs(degree_pos) do
insert(specs, {degree .. " " .. pos, false})
end
end

for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do
local pos, parent_pos
if type(spec) == "table" then
pos, parent_pos = unpack(spec)
else
pos = spec
end
if parent_pos == nil then
parent_pos = "non-lemma"
end
local plpos, parents, breadcrumb = pluralize(pos), {}
if parent_pos == false then -- parent is the POS ([POS] » Forms)
breadcrumb = "Forms"
else
insert(parents, parent_pos .. " forms")
end
insert(parents, {name = plpos, sort = "**"})
labels[pos .. " forms"] = {
breadcrumb = breadcrumb,
description = ("{{{langname}}} %s that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form."):format(plpos),
parents = parents,
}
end

labels["active participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["active adjectival participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express an agent actively performing an action.",
parents = {"participles", "adjectives"},
}

labels["adjectival participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives.",
parents = {"participles", "adjectives"},
}

labels["adjective construct forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.",
parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "construct"}},
}

labels["adjective definite forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to specific and identifiable nouns.",
parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "definite forms"}},
}

labels["adjective dual forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to be quantified as two.",
parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "dual forms"}},
}

labels["adjective feminine forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns associated to female beings.",
parents = {{name = "adjective forms", sort = "feminine forms"}},
}

labels["adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs.",
parents = {"participles", "adverbs"},
}

labels["agent participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent by who something is done.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["anterior adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action completed before the one expressed by the primary verb.",
parents = {"participles", "adverbs"},
}

labels["classifier singular forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} classifiers that are inflected for singular number.",
parents = {"classifier forms"},
}

labels["collective plurals"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nominal plural forms with specifically collective semantics.",
parents = {"noun forms"},
}

labels["contemporary adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action occuring simultaneously with the one expressed by the primary verb.",
parents = {"participles", "adverbs"},
}

labels["converbs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that build clauses which function as adverbials.",
parents = {"verb forms"},
}

labels["diminutive gerunds"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} diminutives of gerunds.",
parents = {"verb forms"},
}

labels["extended adjective forms"] = {
parents = {"adjective forms"},
}

labels["future active participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in future time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["future participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that indicate future events.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["future passive participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in future time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

local function gerund_description(data)
local default_text = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate ongoing events at unspecified moments."
if not data.lang then
-- This happens e.g. in [[:Category:Gerunds by language]].
return default_text
else
local langcode = data.lang:getCode()
if langcode == "sq" or langcode == "kmr" or langcode == "liv" or data.lang:inFamily("gem", "itc") then
return "{{{langname}}} forms that generally act as an action noun for the verb that they are formed from."
elseif langcode == "sa" or langcode == "pi" then
return "{{{langname}}} verb forms used in a clause to indicate a prior action by the subject of the sentence."
else
return default_text
end
end
end

labels["gerunds"] = {
description = gerund_description,
additional = "{{small|[Edit function gerund_description() in [[Module:category tree/non-lemma forms]] to change this description.]}}",
parents = {"verb forms"},
}

labels["imperfect participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an ongoing or continuous action.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["infinitives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} non-finite verb forms of various kinds.",
parents = {"verb forms"},
}

labels["intensive adjectives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are derived from a base word to express a stronger concept than the base word.",
parents = {"adjective forms"},
}

labels["manuscript forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words as they appear in original manuscripts.",
parents = {"non-lemma forms"},
}

labels["mutated forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.",
parents = {"non-lemma forms"},
}

local inflected_pos_for_mutation = {
"adjective",
"adverb",
"determiner",
"interjection",
"noun",
"numeral",
"participle",
"particle",
"prefix",
"preposition",
"pronoun",
"proper noun",
"verb",
}

for _, pos in ipairs(inflected_pos_for_mutation) do
local plpos = pluralize(pos)
labels["mutated " .. plpos] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.",
parents = {pos .. " forms", {name = "mutated forms", sort = pos}},
}
end

local mutation_types = {
-- FIXME, we should add these terms to [[Appendix:Glossary]] and link to them.
["eclipsed"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Eclipsis|eclipsis]]",
["lenited"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Lenition|lenition]]",
["h-prothesized"] = "[[wikt:h-prothesis|h-prothesis]]",
["t-prothesized"] = "[[wikt:t-prothesis|t-prothesis]]",
["aspirate-mutation"] = "[[wikt:aspirate mutation|aspirate mutation]]",
["hard-mutation"] = "[[wikt:hard mutation|hard mutation]]",
["mixed-mutation"] = "[[wikt:mixed mutation|mixed mutation]]",
["nasal-mutation"] = "[[wikt:nasal mutation|nasal mutation]]",
["soft-mutation"] = "[[wikt:soft mutation|soft mutation]]",
}

for muttype, desc in pairs(mutation_types) do
labels[muttype .. " forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated through " .. desc .. ", due to the effect of the preceding word.",
parents = {"mutated forms"},
}
end

labels["negative participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express lack of an action being performed.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["nominal participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as nouns.",
parents = {"participles", "nouns"},
}

labels["noun construct forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "construct"}},
}

labels["noun definite forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an identified object.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "definite"}},
}

labels["noun feminine forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to female beings.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "feminine"}},
}

labels["noun indefinite forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an unidentified object.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "indefinite"}},
}

labels["noun masculine forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to male beings.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "masculine"}},
}

labels["noun paucal forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be quantified as between two (or three in some languages with dual number) and ten.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "paucal"}},
}

labels["noun possessive forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to indicate possession.",
parents = {{name = "noun forms", sort = "possessive"}},
}

labels["participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbal forms that behave syntactically like adjectives (or sometimes adverbs), and in some languages are often used in compound conjugations and/or reduced relative clauses.",
parents = {"verb forms"},
}

labels["passive participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["passive adjectival participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express a patient having an action performed on it.",
parents = {"participles", "adjectives"},
}

labels["past active aorist participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express completed events in past time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["past active imperfect participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express ongoing events in past time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["past active participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in past time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["past adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in past time.",
parents = {"adverbial participles", "adverbs"},
}

labels["past participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions in past time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["past passive participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in past time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["perfect participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express having completed or undergone an action.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["perfect active participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent having completed an action.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["prepositional pronouns"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are combined with a preposition.",
umbrella_parents = "Lemmas subcategories by language",
parents = {"pronoun forms", {name = "prepositions", sort = "pronouns"}},
}

labels["present active participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in present time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["present adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in present time.",
parents = {"adverbial participles", "adverbs"},
}

labels["present middle participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent performing an action in present time in middle voice.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["present participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions occurring in the present time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["present passive participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in present time.",
parents = {"participles"},
}

labels["pronoun possessive forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are inflected to indicate possession.",
parents = {{name = "pronoun forms", sort = "possessive"}},
}

labels["pronunciation variants"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words that have alternative pronunciation-based spellings.",
parents = {"non-lemma forms"},
}

labels["singulatives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} plural nouns that are inflected for singular number.",
parents = {"noun forms"},
}

labels["verb causative forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express actions caused by external conditions.",
parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "causative"}},
}

labels["verb irregular forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that don't follow standard patterns of conjugation.",
parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "irregular"}},
}

labels["verb negative forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express negation.",
parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "negative"}},
}

labels["verb passive forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to direct the action to the grammatical subject, by means of passive voice.",
parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "passive"}},
}

labels["verb simple past forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate events before the current moment.",
parents = {{name = "verb forms", sort = "simple past"}},
}

local labels2 = {}

-- Add "reconstructed" subcategories; add 'umbrella_parents' key if not
-- already present.
for key, data in pairs(labels) do
labels2[key] = data
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Non-lemma forms subcategories by language"
end
labels2["reconstructed " .. key] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} " .. key .. " that have been linguistically [[Wiktionary:Reconstructed terms|reconstructed]].",
umbrella_parents = "Non-lemma forms subcategories by language",
parents = {key, {name = "reconstructed terms", sort = key}}
}
end

-- These are top-level; don't (for the moment at least) add 'reconstructed alternative forms'.
-- These are created by setting the altform= parameter to {{head}} or full_headword() in [[Module:headword]]. See
-- [[Wiktionary:Beer parlour/2024/June#Decluttering the altform mess]] for discussion.
labels2["alternative forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} alternative forms of [[Wiktionary:Lemmas|lemmas]], i.e. variant forms or spellings that are attested but secondary, and typically not in common use.",
additional = "Such terms may be uncommon spelling variants; dialectal forms; historical, archaic or obsolete spellings; spellings in less-used scripts; or the like. " ..
"They are kept out of the lemma category to avoid cluttering it. Commonly used variants should not be placed in this category, but should be treated as lemmas.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Non-lemma forms subcategories by language"] = {
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to non-lemma forms.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"Umbrella metacategories",
{name = "non-lemma forms", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

return {LABELS = labels2, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}

Module:category tree/names

2026-05-22T21:27:27Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}
local handlers = {}

local names_module = "Module:names"
local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities"
local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["names"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are used to refer to specific individuals or groups.",
additional = "Place names, demonyms and other kinds of names can be found in [[:Category:Names]].",
umbrella_parents = {name = "terms by semantic function", is_label = true, sort = " "},
parents = {"terms by semantic function", "proper nouns"},
}

------------------------------------------- given names -------------------------------------------

local human_genders = {
["male"] = "to male individuals",
["female"] = "to female individuals",
["unisex"] = "either to male or to female individuals",
["third-gender"] = "to third-gender individuals",
}

for gender, props in pairs(require(names_module).given_name_genders) do
if gender ~= "unknown-gender" then
local is_animal = props.type == "animal"
local cat = is_animal and gender .. " names" or gender .. " given names"
local desc = is_animal and " given to [[" .. gender .. "|" .. pluralize(gender) .. "]]" or " given " .. human_genders[gender]
local function do_cat(cat, desc, breadcrumb, parents)
labels[cat] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} " .. desc .. ".",
breadcrumb = breadcrumb,
parents = parents,
}
end

for _, dimaug in ipairs { "diminutive", "augmentative" } do
do_cat(dimaug .. "s of " .. cat, dimaug .. " names " .. desc, dimaug,
{gender .. " given names", dimaug .. " nouns"})
end
do_cat(cat, "names " .. desc, gender, is_animal and (gender == "animal" and "names" or is_animal and
"animal names") or "given names")
if not is_animal then
do_cat(gender .. " skin names", "skin names " .. desc, gender, {"skin names"})
end
end
end

labels["given names"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names given to individuals.",
parents = {"names"},
}

labels["skin names"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms given at birth that are used to refer to individuals from specific marital classes.",
parents = {"proper nouns", "names"},
}

------------------------------------------- surnames -------------------------------------------

labels["common-gender surnames"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by both male and female family members, in languages that distinguish male and female surnames.",
breadcrumb = "common-gender",
parents = {"surnames"},
}

labels["female surnames"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by female family members.",
breadcrumb = "female",
parents = {"surnames"},
}

labels["male surnames"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by male family members.",
breadcrumb = "male",
parents = {"surnames"},
}

labels["surnames"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} names shared by family members.",
parents = {"names"},
}

for _, nymics in ipairs { "matronymics", "patronymics" } do
local ancestor = nymics == "matronymics" and "mother, grandmother or earlier female ancestor" or
"father, grandfather or earlier male ancestor"
labels["common-gender " .. nymics] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} names used by both men and women to indicate their %s, in languages that distinguish male and female %s."):
format(ancestor, nymics),
breadcrumb = "common-gender",
parents = {nymics},
}
labels["female " .. nymics] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} names used by women to indicate their %s."):
format(ancestor, nymics),
breadcrumb = "female",
parents = {nymics},
}
labels["male " .. nymics] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} names used by men to indicate their %s."):
format(ancestor, nymics),
breadcrumb = "male",
parents = {nymics},
}
labels[nymics] = {
description = ("{{{langname}}} names indicating a person's %s."):format(ancestor),
parents = {"names"},
}
end

labels["nomina gentilia"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} \"[[wikt:family name|family name]]s\" (singular ''[[wikt:nomen gentile|nomen gentile]]'') in a [[w:Roman naming convention|convential Roman name]].",
parents = {"names"},
}

------------------------------------------- misc -------------------------------------------

labels["exonyms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:exonym|exonym]]s, i.e. terms for toponyms whose name in {{{langname}}} is different from the name in the source language.",
parents = {"names"},
}

labels["renderings of foreign personal names"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} transliterations, respellings or other renderings of foreign personal names.",
parents = {"names"},
}

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present.
for key, data in pairs(labels) do
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Names subcategories by language"
end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Names subcategories by language"] = {
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to names.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"Umbrella metacategories",
{name = "names", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- HANDLERS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function source_name_to_source(nametype, source_name)
local special_sources
if nametype:find("given names") then
special_sources = require("Module:table").listToSet {
"surnames", "place names", "coinages", "the Bible", "month names"
}
elseif nametype:find("surnames") then
special_sources = require("Module:table").listToSet {
"given names", "place names", "occupations", "patronymics", "matronymics",
"common nouns", "nicknames", "ethnonyms"
}
else
special_sources = {}
end
if special_sources[source_name] then
return source_name
else
return require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, nil,
"allow etym langs", "allow families")
end
end

local function get_source_text(source)
if type(source) == "table" then
return source:getDisplayForm()
else
return source
end
end

local function get_description(lang, nametype, source)
local origintext, addltext
if source == "surnames" then
origintext = "transferred from surnames"
elseif source == "given names" then
origintext = "transferred from given names"
elseif source == "nicknames" then
origintext = "transferred from nicknames"
elseif source == "place names" then
origintext = "transferred from place names"
addltext = " For place names that are also surnames, see " .. (
lang and "[[:Category:{{{langname}}} " .. nametype .. " from surnames]]" or
"[[:Category:" .. mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(nametype) .. " from surnames by language]]"
) .. "."
elseif source == "common nouns" then
origintext = "transferred from common nouns"
elseif source == "month names" then
origintext = "transferred from month names"
elseif source == "coinages" then
origintext = "originating as coinages"
addltext = " These are names of artificial origin, names based on fictional characters, combinations of two words or names or backward spellings. Names of uncertain origin can also be placed here if there is a strong suspicion that they are coinages."
elseif source == "occupations" then
origintext = "originating as occupations"
elseif source == "patronymics" then
origintext = "originating as patronymics"
elseif source == "matronymics" then
origintext = "originating as matronymics"
elseif source == "ethnonyms" then
origintext = "originating as ethnonyms"
elseif source == "the Bible" then
-- Hack esp. for Hawaiian names. We should consider changing them to
-- have the source as Biblical Hebrew and mention the derivation from
-- the Bible some other way.
origintext = "originating from the Bible"
elseif type(source) == "string" then
error("Internal error: Unrecognized string source \"" .. source .. "\", should be special-cased")
else
origintext = "of " .. source:makeCategoryLink() .. " origin"
if lang and source:getCode() == lang:getCode() then
addltext = " These are names derived from common nouns, local mythology, etc."
end
end
local introtext
if lang then
introtext = "{{{langname}}} "
else
introtext = "Categories with "
end
return introtext .. nametype .. " " .. origintext ..
". (This includes names derived at an older stage of the language.)" .. (addltext or "")
end

-- If one of the following families occurs in any of the ancestral families
-- of a given language, use it instead of the three-letter parent
-- (or immediate parent if no three-letter parent).
local high_level_families = require("Module:table").listToSet {
-- Indo-European
"gem", -- Germanic (for gme, gmq, gmw)
"inc", -- Indic (for e.g. pra = Prakrit)
"ine-ana", -- Anatolian (don't keep going to ine)
"ine-toc", -- Tocharian (don't keep going to ine)
"ira", -- Iranian (for e.g. xme = Median, xsc = Scythian)
"sla", -- Slavic (for zle, zls, zlw)
-- Other
"ath", -- Athabaskan (for e.g. apa = Apachean)
"poz", -- Malayo-Polynesian (for e.g. pqe = Eastern Malayo-Polynesian)
"cau-nwc", -- Northwest Caucasian
"cau-nec", -- Northeast Caucasian
}

local function find_high_level_family(lang)
local family = lang:getFamily()
-- (1) If no family, return nil (e.g. for Pictish).
if not family then
return nil
end
-- (2) See if any ancestor family is in `high_level_families`.
-- if so, return it.
local high_level_family = family
while high_level_family do
local high_level_code = high_level_family:getCode()
if high_level_code == "qfa-not" then
-- "not a family"; its own parent, causing an infinite loop.
-- Break rather than return so we get categories like
-- [[Category:English female given names from sign languages]] and
-- [[Category:English female given names from constructed languages]].
break
end
if high_level_families[high_level_code] then
return high_level_family
end
high_level_family = high_level_family:getFamily()
end
-- (3) If the family is of the form 'FOO-BAR', see if 'FOO' is a family.
-- If so, return it.
local basic_family = family:getCode():match("^(.-)%-.*$")
if basic_family then
basic_family = require("Module:families").getByCode(basic_family)
if basic_family then
return basic_family
end
end
-- (4) Fall back to just the family itself.
return family
end

local function match_gendered_nametype(nametype)
local gender, label = nametype:match("^(f?e?male) (given names)$")
if not gender then
gender, label = nametype:match("^(unisex) (given names)$")
end
if gender then
return gender, label
end
end

local function get_parents(lang, nametype, source)
local parents = {}

if lang then
table.insert(parents, {name = nametype, sort = get_source_text(source)})
if type(source) == "table" then
table.insert(parents, {name = "terms derived from " .. source:getDisplayForm(), sort = " "})
-- If the source is a regular language, put it in a parent category for the high-level language family, e.g. for
-- "Russian female given names from German", put it in a parent category "Russian female given names from Germanic languages"
-- (skipping over West Germanic languages).
--
-- If the source is an etymology language, put it in a parent category for the parent full language, e.g. for
-- "French male given names from Gascon", put it in a parent category "French male given names from Occitan".
--
-- If the source is a family, put it in a parent category for the parent family.
if source:hasType("family") then
local parent_family = source:getFamily()
if parent_family and parent_family:getCode() ~= "qfa-not" then
table.insert(parents, {
name = nametype .. " from " .. parent_family:getDisplayForm(),
sort = source:getCanonicalName()
})
end
elseif source:hasType("etymology-only") then
local source_parent = source:getFull()
if source_parent and source_parent:getCode() ~= "und" then
table.insert(parents, {
name = nametype .. " from " .. source_parent:getDisplayForm(),
sort = source:getCanonicalName()
})
end
else
local high_level_family = find_high_level_family(source)
if high_level_family then -- may not exist, e.g. for Pictish
table.insert(parents,
{name = nametype .. " from " .. high_level_family:getDisplayForm(),
sort = source:getCanonicalName()
})
end
end
end

local gender, label = match_gendered_nametype(nametype)
if gender then
table.insert(parents, {name = label .. " from " .. get_source_text(source), sort = gender})
end
else
local gender, label = match_gendered_nametype(nametype)
if gender then
table.insert(parents, {name = label .. " from " .. get_source_text(source), is_label = true, sort = " "})
elseif type(source) == "table" then
-- FIXME! This is duplicated in [[Module:category tree/etymology]] in the handler for umbrella categories
-- 'Terms derived from SOURCE'.
local first_umbrella_parent =
source:hasType("family") and {name = source:getCategoryName(), raw = true, sort = " "} or
source:hasType("etymology-only") and {name = "Category:" .. source:getCategoryName(), sort = nametype} or
{name = source:getCategoryName(), raw = true, sort = nametype}
table.insert(parents, first_umbrella_parent)
end
table.insert(parents, "Names subcategories by language")
end

return parents
end

table.insert(handlers, function(data)
local nametype, source_name = data.label:match("^(.*names) from (.+)$")
if nametype then
local personal_name_type_set = require(names_module).personal_name_type_set
if not personal_name_type_set[nametype] then
return nil
end
local source = source_name_to_source(nametype, source_name)
if not source then
return nil
end
return {
description = get_description(data.lang, nametype, source),
breadcrumb = "from " .. get_source_text(source),
parents = get_parents(data.lang, nametype, source),
umbrella = {
description = get_description(nil, nametype, source),
parents = get_parents(nil, nametype, source),
},
}
end
end)

-- Handler for e.g. 'English renderings of Russian male given names'.
table.insert(handlers, function(data)
local label = data.label:match("^renderings of (.*)$")
if label then
local personal_name_types = require(names_module).personal_name_types
for _, nametype in ipairs(personal_name_types) do
local sourcename = label:match("^(.+) " .. nametype .. "$")

if sourcename then
local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(sourcename, nil, "allow etym")
if source then
return {
description = "Transliterations, respellings or other renderings of " .. source:makeCategoryLink() .. " " .. nametype .. " into {{{langdisp}}}.",
lang = data.lang,
breadcrumb = sourcename .. " " .. nametype,
parents = {
{ name = "renderings of foreign personal names", sort = sourcename },
{ name = nametype, lang = source:getCode(), sort = "{{{langname}}}" },
},
umbrella = {
description = "Transliterations, respellings or other renderings of " .. source:makeCategoryLink() .. " " .. nametype .. " into various languages.",
parents = {{name = "renderings of foreign personal names", is_label = true, sort = label}},
},
}
end
end
end
end
end)

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers}

Module:category tree/modules

2026-05-22T21:27:25Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}
local raw_handlers = {}

local insert = table.insert
local pattern_escape = require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["modules"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code to create and manage entries.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "Modules", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "by language",
},
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}

labels["data modules"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by other modules.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "Data modules", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "by language",
},
breadcrumb = "data",
parents = {"modules"},
}

labels["dialect synonyms data modules"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by {{tl|dialect synonyms}}.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "Dialect synonyms data modules", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "by language",
},
breadcrumb = "dialect synonyms",
parents = {"data modules"},
}

labels["inflection modules"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:inflection|testcase]] [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for generating conjugation and declension tables.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "Inflection modules", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "by language",
},
breadcrumb = "inflection",
parents = {"modules", {name = "inflection-table templates", sort = " "}},
}

labels["testcase modules"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[wikt:testcase|testcase]] [[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for testing other modules.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "Testcase modules", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "by language",
},
breadcrumb = "testcase",
parents = {"modules"},
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[=[
Correctly defining a new module type here:
1. The breadcrumb generally does not need to be given because there is code at the bottom of this file
to generate the breadcrumb in a smart fashion by chopping off a suffix derived from the parent or any of
its ancestors.
2. Module types can be nested under other module types, but also list them directly under 'Modules' as a
secondary parent. (This violates a principle of non-duplication of categories but makes it much easier to
locate a given module type.)
]=]

raw_categories["Modules"] = {
description = "This is a general holder category for modules.",
additional = "For more information on what modules are and how they work, see [[wikt:Wiktionary:Scribunto|Wiktionary:Scribunto]]. For a complete list of all modules, see [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:|here]].",
parents = {"Category:Contionary"},
}

raw_categories["Uncategorized modules"] = {
description = "Uncategorized modules.",
additional = "Modules are placed here by [[Module:documentation]] under certain circumstances. See the documentation of that module for more info.",
parents = { {name = "Modules", sort = " "} },
}

raw_categories["Appendix modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Appendix templates}}",
description = "Modules with functions that generate content for or extract information from pages in the Appendix namespace.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Bot support modules"] = {
description = "Modules for supporting individual bot accounts.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Category modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Categorization templates|:Category:Category templates}}",
description = "Modules for adding categories to pages or generating the description and subcategories of category pages.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Character info modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character info templates}}",
description = "Modules containing information on individual characters, or containing functions generating such information.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Character insertion modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character insertion templates}}",
description = "Modules that implement templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Collections modules"] = {
description = "Modules containing functions used to implement collections (arrays, maps, etc.).",
parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Data modules"] = {
description = "Modules that do not contain functions, but only export a table of data that is used by other modules.",
additional = "Modules that are in this category should be imported using <code>mw.loadData</code> rather than <code>require</code>.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Category tree data modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules/lang|:Category:Category tree data modules/topic}}",
description = "[[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of categories.",
parents = { "Data modules", "Category modules" },
}

raw_categories["Category tree data modules/lang"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules|:Category:Category tree data modules/topic}}",
description = "[[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of language-specific categories.",
breadcrumb = "lang",
parents = { {name = "Category tree data modules", sort = "lang"} },
}

raw_categories["Category tree data modules/topic"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Category tree data modules|:Category:Category tree data modules/lang}}",
description = "[[wikt:Wiktionary:Modules|Modules]] containing data and code used by the category tree system for constructing the descriptions of topic categories.",
breadcrumb = "topic",
parents = { {name = "Category tree data modules", sort = "topic"} },
}

raw_categories["Character insertion data modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Character insertion templates}}",
description = "Modules containing data for use by {{temp|chars}}.",
parents = { "Data modules", "Character insertion modules" },
}

raw_categories["Dialect synonyms data modules"] = {
description = "Modules containing data for use by {{tl|dialect synonyms}}.",
parents = { "Data modules" },
}

raw_categories["Date modules"] = {
description = "Modules that implement functionality to convert or otherwise manipulate dates in various calendar systems.",
parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Debugging modules"] = {
description = "Modules used for debugging.",
additional = "Some should only be used in sandbox modules or when using the " ..
"[[mw:Extension:TemplateSandbox|{{MediaWiki:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}]] button in the edit page of modules and templates.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Definition modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Definition templates}}",
description = "Modules that implement templates used in [[wikt:Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition lines]] of entries.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Deprecated modules"] = {
description = "Modules that should not be used, as their functions are performed by newer modules.",
parents = { "Modules", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance" },
}

raw_categories["Discussion modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Discussion templates}}",
description = "Modules concerning discussion pages.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Display text-generating modules"] = {
description = "Modules that are used to generate display text.",
additional = "Display text determines what is shown to the reader. In some languages it must be normalized, " ..
"due to common errors caused by confusable characters, or so as to ensure a consistent display format.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Documentation modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Documentation templates}}",
description = "Modules for generating documentation pages.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Encoding modules"] = {
description = "Modules for converting between different textual encodings.",
parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Entry-generating modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Entry templates}}",
description = "Modules with functions that are used to generate new entries.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Diacritic-stripping modules"] = {
description = "Modules that strip diacritics from the displayed text in order to create the logical pagename.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["External link modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:External link templates}}",
description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:External link templates|external link templates]], i.e. which link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Etymology modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Etymology templates}}",
description = "Modules that implement templates that define the etymology of entries.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Form-of modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Form-of templates}}",
description = "Modules that generate the definition line of non-lemma forms, e.g. verb forms and noun forms.",
parents = { "Definition modules", "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Headword-line modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Headword-line templates}}",
description = "Modules that support [[:Category:Headword-line templates by language|headword-line templates]] for a specific language.",
additional = "See also [[:Category:Headword-line templates]].",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Inflection modules"] = {
description = "Modules used to support [[:Category:Inflection-table templates by language|inflection templates]] for a specific language.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Internal link modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Internal link templates}}",
description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Internal link templates|internal link templates]], i.e. which link between Wiktionary entries.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Interwiki modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Interwiki templates}}",
description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Interwiki templates|interwiki templates]], i.e. which link to other MediaWiki projects.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["JSON-generating modules"] = {
description = "Modules with functions that generate data in JSON format.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Language and script modules"] = {
description = "Modules that process language and script codes and return data on them.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["List modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:List templates}}",
description = "Modules that generate lists, tables or tree diagrams of entries or other structured data.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Maintenance modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Maintenance templates}}",
description = "Modules that implement templates used for maintaining entries.",
additional = "Examples are cleanup templates (e.g. {{tl|attention}}), deletion templates (e.g. {{tl|rfd}}) and " ..
"verification templates (e.g. {{tl|rfv}}).",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Morphology modules"] = {
description = "Modules used to support [[:Category:Morphology templates|morphology templates]].",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Number modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Number templates}}",
description = "Modules that handle conversion and/or formatting of numbers and numerals in various representations.",
parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Page generation modules"] = {
description = "Modules that generate parts of a mainspace page (e.g. headword line, definition, inflection, links, etc.).",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Parameter parsing modules"] = {
description = "Modules containing functions used to parse template parameters.",
parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Pronunciation modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Pronunciation templates}}",
description = "Modules that implement templates used to create the language-specific pronunciation of entries.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Pronunciation testcase modules"] = {
description = "Modules used to test other pronunciation modules.",
parents = { "Testcase modules", {name = "Pronunciation modules", sort = "Testcase"} },
}

raw_categories["Quotation and usage example modules"] = {
description = "Modules that implement templates used to format quotations and usage examples.",
parents = { "Definition modules", "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Reference modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Reference templates}}",
description = "Modules that are used for [[:Category:Reference templates|reference templates]].",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Sandbox modules"] = {
description = "Test versions of modules intended for production use.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Semantic relation modules"] = {
preceding = "{{also|:Category:Semantic relation templates}}",
description = "Modules that implement templates used to indicate other terms semantically related to a " ..
"particular sense, e.g. [[wikt:synonym|synonym]]s or [[wikt:antonym|antonym]]s.",
parents = { "Page generation modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Sign language modules"] = {
description = "Modules used for sign languages.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Sortkey-generating modules"] = {
description = "Modules that generate sortkeys, which determine the order of pagenames in categories.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["String modules"] = {
description = "Modules containing functions used to manipulate strings.",
parents = { "Utility modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Swadesh modules"] = {
description = "Modules containing [[wikt:Swadesh list|Swadesh list]]s.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Template interface modules"] = {
description = "Modules whose purpose is to provide an interface between templates and the functions of a module.",
additional = "They are usually named <code>.../templates</code>, and the functions present within them usually all " ..
"have only a \"frame\" parameter.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Testcase modules"] = {
description = "Modules used to test other modules.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Failing testcase modules"] = {
description = "Modules which contain failures in their unit tests.",
additional = "This category is added automatically by [[Module:UnitTests]] when a test case fails.",
parents = { "Testcase modules" },
}

raw_categories["Tracking modules"] = {
description = "Modules that add tracking templates.",
parents = { "Debugging modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Transliteration modules"] = {
description = "Modules that automatically convert text in one script to another.",
additional = "Most of them convert non-Latin scripts to Latin (romanisation/romanization), and are used by " ..
"templates or modules to generate transliteration of text that is tagged with a particular language. Each " ..
"language's transliteration module is specified in its data table (for which, see the category {{catlink|Language data modules}}).",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Transliteration testcase modules"] = {
description = "Modules used to test other transliteration modules.",
parents = { "Testcase modules", {name = "Transliteration modules", sort = "Testcase"} },
}

raw_categories["Unused modules"] = {
description = "Unused modules.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["User sandbox modules"] = {
description = "Modules that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.",
additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " ..
"sandbox modules are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These modules should not be used in real " ..
"Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.",
parents = { "Sandbox modules", "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Utility modules"] = {
description = "Modules that serve some sort of utility purpose in various entries.",
additional = "Avoid categorizing directly into this category, but use one of the more specific (and semantically " ..
"well-defined) module categories. Note also that modules used by multiple languages should go directly in this " ..
"category if necessary, while modules only used by one language should be in [[:Category:Language-specific utility modules]].",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Language-specific utility modules"] = {
description = "Modules that deal with several utilities needed by a certain language.",
additional = "Usually their names end with {{cd|-utilities}} or {{cd|-common}} (preceded by the language code), " ..
"although more specific utility modules that one language uses may reside here as well. If a utility is used by " ..
"many languages, it should be in [[:Category:Utility modules]].",
parents = {{name = "Utility modules", sort = " "}},
}

raw_categories["Vote modules"] = {
description = "Modules used to manage Wiktionary votes.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

raw_categories["Wikitext parsing modules"] = {
description = "Modules that contain functions that grab the wikitext of a page and get information from it by " ..
"performing string operations on it.",
parents = { "Modules" },
}

-- Don't modify `raw_categories` while processing it, or items may be skipped.
local new_cats = {}
for raw_cat, obj in pairs(raw_categories) do
local by_script = raw_cat .. " by script"
if raw_cat ~= "Modules" and raw_cat ~= "Data modules" and not raw_categories[by_script] then
new_cats[by_script] = {
description = raw_cat .. ", categorized by the script they operate on or with.",
additional = raw_cat .. " are " .. mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(obj.description),
breadcrumb = "by script",
parents = {{name = raw_cat, sort = " "}},
}
end
end
for new_cat, obj in pairs(new_cats) do
raw_categories[new_cat] = obj
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW HANDLERS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

for _, mod_type in ipairs {"Diacritic-stripping", "Sortkey-generating", "Transliteration"} do
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local n, suffix = data.category:match(("^%s modules used by (%%d+) language(s?)$"):format(pattern_escape(mod_type)))
-- Only match if there are no leading zeroes and the suffix is correct.
if not (n and not n:match("^0%d") and suffix == (n == "1" and "" or "s")) then
return
end
return {
breadcrumb = ("used by %d language%s"):format(n, suffix),
description = data.category .. ".",
can_be_empty = true,
parents = {
{name = ("%s modules"):format(mod_type), sort = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n)},
},
}
end)
end

-- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible.
for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do
if not data.breadcrumb then
local parent = data.parents[1]
while true do
if type(parent) == "string" then
local parent_re = " " .. pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) .. "$"
if key:find(parent_re) then
data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "")
break
end
if raw_categories[parent] then
parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1]
else
break
end
else
break
end
end
end
end

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers}

Module:category tree/lexical properties

2026-05-22T21:27:21Z

Sware: /* top */ clean up

local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}
local handlers = {}
local raw_handlers = {}

local insert = table.insert
local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

labels["terms by lexical property"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by properties relating to spelling, pronunciation or meaning.",
umbrella_parents = "Fundamental",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}
}

labels["autohyponyms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have at least two meanings, one of which is a hyponym of the other.",
parents = {"terms by lexical property"},
}

labels["contranyms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have two opposite meanings.",
parents = {"terms by lexical property"},
}

labels["double negatives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms which include a [[wikt:double negative|double negative]], either etymologically or in a definition.",
parents = {"terms by lexical property"},
}

labels["heteronyms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have different meanings depending on their etymology and/or on how they are pronounced.",
parents = {"terms by lexical property"},
}

labels["nuqtaless forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are spelled without a [[wikt:nuqta|nuqta]].",
parents = {"terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["unhamzated forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are spelled without a [[wikt:hamza|hamza]].",
parents = {"terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["palindromes"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose characters are read equally both from left to right and vice versa, normally ignoring spaces, [[wikt:diacritic|diacritic]]s and punctuation.",
parents = {"terms by their sequences of characters"},
}

labels["pleonastic compounds"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} compound terms where the head is a hyponym of its other part and whose other part is its synonym.",
parents = {"terms by lexical property", "compound terms"},
}

labels["pleonastic compound adjectives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} compound adjectives where the head is a hyponym of its other part and whose other part is its synonym.",
breadcrumb = "adjectives",
parents = {{name = "pleonastic compounds", sort = "adjectives"}, "compound adjectives"},
}

labels["pleonastic compound nouns"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} compound nouns where the head is a hyponym of its other part and where the head is the synonym for the whole.",
breadcrumb = "nouns",
parents = {{name = "pleonastic compounds", sort = "nouns"}, "compound nouns"},
}

labels["pronunciation spellings"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms spelled to represent a pronunciation, often a nonstandard one.",
parents = {"terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["tautophrases"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} phrases that repeat the same idea or concept using the same words.",
parents = {"terms by lexical property"},
}

labels["terms by orthographic property"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by properties relating to [[wikt:orthography|orthography]] or [[wikt:spelling|spelling]].",
breadcrumb = "by orthographic property",
parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "orthographic property"}},
}

labels["calculator words"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that can be spelled on a [[wikt:seven-segment|seven-segment]] display, as found on pocket calculators, by turning numbers upside-down.",
parents = {"terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["words spelled without vowels"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words spelled without vowels.",
additional = "The letters counted as vowels may differ from language to language but typically include the conventional written vowels (''a'' ''e'' ''i'' ''o'' ''u'' ''y''), and may include other less common letters representing vowels (e.g. ''æ'', ''œ'', ''ø''). Terms in this category may contain vowel sounds in their pronunciation.",
parents = {"terms by their sequences of characters"},
}

labels["words by number of letters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words categorized by number of letters.",
parents = {"terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["abbreviations by number of letters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} abbreviations categorized by number of letters.",
parents = {"terms by orthographic property"},
}

labels["roots by number of letters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} {{lg|roots}} categorized by number of letters.",
breadcrumb = "by number of letters",
parents = {
{name = "roots", sort = "number of letters"},
"terms by orthographic property"
},
}

labels["roots by shape"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} {{lg|roots}} categorized by their shape.",
breadcrumb = "by shape",
parents = {
{name = "roots", sort = "shape"},
"terms by lexical property"
},
}

labels["words by number of syllables"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words categorized by number of syllables.",
parents = {"terms by phonemic property"},
}

labels["terms by their individual characters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by whether they include certain individual characters.",
breadcrumb = "by their individual characters",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "individual characters"}},
}

labels["terms by their sequences of characters"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by whether they include certain sequences of characters.",
breadcrumb = "by their sequences of characters",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "sequences of characters"}},
}

labels["terms with consecutive instances of the same letter"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words categorized by the number of consecutive instances of the same letter they contain.",
breadcrumb = "consecutive instances of the same letter",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "consecutive instances of the same letter"}},
}

labels["terms containing italics"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms containing [[wikt:italics|italics]].",
breadcrumb = "containing italics",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "containing italics"}},
}

labels["terms containing Roman numerals"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms containing [[wikt:Roman numeral|Roman numeral]]s.",
breadcrumb = "containing Roman numbers",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "containing Roman numbers"},
{name = "terms spelled with numbers", sort = "Roman numerals"}},
}

labels["terms with mixed convergence"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms where the spelling represents a variant pronunciation that differs from (one of) the current standard pronunciation(s).",
breadcrumb = "with mixed convergence",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "mixed convergence"}, "terms by phonemic property"},
}

labels["terms with homophones"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have one or more [[wikt:homophones|homophones]]: other terms that are pronounced in the same way but spelled differently.",
breadcrumb = "with homophones",
parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "homophones"}},
}

labels["terms with honorific transposition"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} compound terms where the written order of the elements is reversed due to [[wikt:honorific transposition|honorific transposition]].",
breadcrumb = "with honorific transposition",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "honorific transposition"}},
}

labels["terms where the adjective follows the noun"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms where the adjective follows the noun. These adjectives within these terms are sometimes referred to as postpositive or postnominal adjectives.",
breadcrumb = "adjective follows the noun",
parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "adjective follows the noun"}},
}

labels["terms written in foreign scripts"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are written in a different, non-native script.",
breadcrumb = "written in foreign scripts",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "written in foreign scripts"}},
}

labels["terms written in multiple scripts"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are written using more than one script.",
breadcrumb = "written in multiple scripts",
parents = {{name = "terms by orthographic property", sort = "written in multiple scripts"}},
}

labels["terms by phonemic property"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by properties relating to [[wikt:pronunciation|pronunciation]] and [[wikt:phonemics|phonemics]].",
breadcrumb = "by phonemic property",
parents = {{name = "terms by lexical property", sort = "phonemic property"}},
}

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present.
for _, data in pairs(labels) do
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by lexical property subcategories by language"
end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

raw_categories["Terms by lexical property subcategories by language"] = {
breadcrumb = "subcategories",
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their lexical properties, such as palindromes and number of letters or syllables in a word.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
{name = "terms by lexical property", is_label = true, sort = " "},
"Umbrella metacategories",
},
}

for _, v in ipairs{
{"words", "letters"},
{"abbreviations", "letters"},
{"roots", "letters"},
{"words", "syllables"}
} do
raw_categories[("%s by number of %s subcategories by language"):format(ucfirst(v[1]), v[2])] = {
breadcrumb = "subcategories",
description = ("Umbrella categories covering topics related to %s categorized by their number of %s."):format(v[1], v[2]),
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
{name = ("%s by number of %s"):format(v[1], v[2]), is_label = true, sort = " "},
"Umbrella metacategories",
},
}
end

raw_categories["Terms with consecutive instances of the same letter subcategories by language"] = {
breadcrumb = "subcategories",
description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by the number of consecutive instances of the same letter they contain.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
{name = "terms with consecutive instances of the same letter", is_label = true, sort = " "},
"Umbrella metacategories",
},
}

raw_categories["Long words by language"] = {
description = "Categories with terms that are longer than a given (per-language) threshold.",
additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}",
parents = {
{name = "terms by lexical property", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- HANDLERS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

for _, v in ipairs{
{"words", "letter", "composed of", function(n)
local pl = n == "1" and "" or "s"
return ("They have meaning(s) other than their letter%s or the shape of their letter%s which are not abbreviations, numbers or symbols."):format(pl, pl)
end},
{"abbreviations", "letter", "composed of"},
{"roots", "letter", "composed of"},
{"words", "syllable", "pronounced with"}
} do
insert(handlers, function(data)
local n = data.label:match(("^([1-9]%%d*)%%-%s %s$"):format(v[2], v[1]))
if not n then
return
end
local sortkey = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n, 2097152)
return {
breadcrumb = n,
description = ("{{{langname}}} %s that are %s %d %s%s."):format(v[1], v[3], n, v[2], n == "1" and "" or "s"),
additional = v[4] and v[4](n) or nil,
umbrella = {
breadcrumb = ("%d %s"):format(n, v[2]),
parents = {{name = ("%s by number of %ss subcategories by language"):format(ucfirst(v[1]), v[2]), sort = sortkey}},
},
parents = {{name = ("%s by number of %ss"):format(v[1], v[2]), sort = sortkey}}
}
end)
end

insert(handlers, function(data)
local n = data.label:match("^terms with ([1-9]%d*) consecutive instances of the same letter$")
if not (n and tonumber(n) > 2) then
return
end
local sortkey = require("Module:category tree").numeral_sortkey(n, 2097152)
return {
breadcrumb = n,
description = ("{{{langname}}} terms containing %d consecutive instances of the same letter."):format(n),
umbrella = {
breadcrumb = ("%d consecutive instances"):format(n),
parents = {{name = "Terms with consecutive instances of the same letter subcategories by language", sort = sortkey}},
},
parents = {{name = "terms with consecutive instances of the same letter", sort = sortkey}}
}
end)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW HANDLERS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local langname = data.category:match("^Long (.*) words$")
if langname then
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(langname)
if lang then
local length_threshold = require("Module:headword/data").long_word_thresholds[lang:getCode()]
if length_threshold then
return {
lang = lang:getCode(),
description = "{{{langname}}} words that are " .. length_threshold .. " letters or longer.",
parents = {
{name = "terms by orthographic property", lang = lang:getCode(), is_label = true},
{name = "Long words by language"},
},
}
end
end
end
end)

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers}