Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:47:18Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Classical Alarian|Classical Alarian]]
}}

'''Alarian''' (''dégua alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɣʷä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:45:16Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Classical Alarian|Classical Alarian]]
}}

'''Alarian''' (''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:44:07Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Classical Alarian|Classical Alarian]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:41:01Z

Rnnelvll: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:39:47Z

Rnnelvll: /* Phonotactics */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:39:11Z

Rnnelvll: /* Stress */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarine

2025-04-30T23:37:42Z

Rnnelvll: Rnnelvll moved page Alarine to Alarian: Name change

#REDIRECT [[Alarian]]

Alarian

2025-04-30T23:37:41Z

Rnnelvll: Rnnelvll moved page Alarine to Alarian: Name change

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-21T18:17:56Z

Rnnelvll: /* Adjectives */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-21T18:07:46Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature an optional clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-21T18:06:20Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature an optional clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-21T18:05:54Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|ç
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature an optional clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-21T18:04:27Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Proto Alarine|Proto Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarian: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarian features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature an optional clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-04-21T18:02:10Z

Rnnelvll: Alarine is now the language family, with Alarian being the modern standard language.

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarian
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarian'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature an optional clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-02-09T04:18:48Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them. 
Adjectives also feature an optional clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-02-09T04:04:18Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the receiver of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred

Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem. 
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)

==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-24T18:57:15Z

Rnnelvll: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anérā - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* mútā - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-24T18:57:04Z

Rnnelvll: /* Nouns */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -ā and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ézā ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || ézā || ézē
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézās || ézēs
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-24T18:54:33Z

Rnnelvll: /* Vowels */

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|-
|}

===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-24T18:40:42Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series. 
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Contionary:adénde

2025-01-18T03:36:25Z

Rnnelvll: /* Alarine */

==[[Alarine]]==

===Etymology===
from [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]] ''{{term|antédme}}''. Ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European compound ''*h₂ntégʷme'', 'before-come'.
===Pronunciation===
(''Alarine'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /äːˈðe̞nde̞/

===Noun===
'''ādénde''' {{sc|neut}} (''plural nominative'' '''{{term|ādéndī}}''')

# ancestor, forefather

====Inflection====
====Usage notes====

Contionary:adénde

2025-01-18T03:35:47Z

Rnnelvll: /* Pronunciation */

==[[Alarine]]==

===Etymology===
from [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]] ''{{term|antédme}}''. Ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European compound ''*h₂ntégʷme'', 'before-come'.
===Pronunciation===
(''Alarine'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /äːˈðe̞nde̞/

===Noun===
'''adénde''' {{sc|neut}} (''plural nominative'' '''{{term|adéndi}}''')

# ancestor, forefather

====Inflection====
====Usage notes====

Alarian

2025-01-18T03:34:27Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Old Alarine|Old Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series. 
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Category:Alarine

2025-01-17T00:09:08Z

Rnnelvll: Blanked the page

Category:Alarine

2025-01-17T00:08:56Z

Rnnelvll: Created page with "Alarine nouns"

[[Alarine nouns]]

Alarian

2025-01-16T23:56:34Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series. 
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Contionary:adénde

2025-01-16T23:55:47Z

Rnnelvll: /* Alarine */

==[[Alarine]]==

===Etymology===
from [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]] ''{{term|antédme}}''. Ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European compound ''*h₂ntégʷme'', 'before-come'.
===Pronunciation===
(''Alarine'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /äˈðe̞nde̞/
===Noun===
'''adénde''' {{sc|neut}} (''plural nominative'' '''{{term|adéndi}}''')

# ancestor, forefather

====Inflection====
====Usage notes====

Contionary:adénde

2025-01-16T23:52:46Z

Rnnelvll: Created page with "==Alarine== ===Etymology=== from Classical Alarine ''{{term|antédme}}''. Ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European compound ''*h₂ntégʷme'', 'before-come'. ===Pronunciation=== (''Alarine'') IPA: /äˈðe̞nde̞/ ===Noun=== '''adénde''' {{sc|c1}} (''plural nominative'' '''{{term|adéndi}}''') # ancestor, forefather ====Inflection==== ====Usage notes===="

==[[Alarine]]==

===Etymology===
from [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]] ''{{term|antédme}}''. Ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European compound ''*h₂ntégʷme'', 'before-come'.
===Pronunciation===
(''Alarine'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /äˈðe̞nde̞/
===Noun===
'''adénde''' {{sc|c1}} (''plural nominative'' '''{{term|adéndi}}''')

# ancestor, forefather

====Inflection====
====Usage notes====

Alarian

2025-01-16T23:15:48Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Standard Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]]
}}

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series. 
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
===Examples===
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives: 
* créto
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}


[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-16T22:29:14Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Standard Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|ancestor = [[Classical Alarine|Classical Alarine]]
}}
==Introduction==

'''Alarine'''(''démfa alaríne'', Alarine: [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series. 
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! [[center vowel|Center]]
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Morphology==

===Nouns===
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun: 
===Human===
* anéro - man/male
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline

==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and feature an optional enclitic derived from the copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred

==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa 

'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
===Class 2===
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
|-
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}
-->

==Syntax==



==Other resources==




[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-14T04:42:40Z

Rnnelvll:

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[Constructed language]]s
|fam2 = [[Artistic language]]s
|fam3 = [[Fictional language]]s
}}
==Introduction==

Alarine is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series. 
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[approximant consonant|approximants]] /ð̞/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! [[center vowel|Center]]
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Morphology==

===Nouns===
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
===Adjectives===
Adjectives decline identically to nouns
==Clitic==
Alarine features an optionally enclitic copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative: 
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
|}

===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred

==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future) 
Currently there are three classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
The first class features regular verbs, and take the vowel /e/ as their stem and thematic vowel, with past having /o/ as the stem vowel and /a/ as the thematic vowel.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
|-
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
| '''1S''' || sérpu|| sórpam || serpéru
|-
| '''2S''' || sérpes || sórpas || serpéres
|-
| '''3S''' || sérpe || sórpa || serpére
|-
| '''1P''' || serpémo|| sorpáma || serperémo
|-
| '''2P''' || serpéto|| sorpáta || serperéto
|-
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}

-->

==Syntax==



==Other resources==




[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Alarian

2025-01-14T03:17:59Z

Rnnelvll: Created page with "  {{Infobox la..."

{{Infobox language
|name = Alarine
|creator = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting = Alaria
|fam1 = [[Constructed language]]s
|fam2 = [[Artistic language]]s
|fam3 = [[Fictional language]]s
}}
==Introduction==

Alarine is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series. 
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
!
! Bilabial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Post-Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
! Trill/Tap
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|r}} {{IPA|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} {{IPA|ʎ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}}
|}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], 
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[approximant consonant|approximants]] /ð̞/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! [[center vowel|Center]]
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
|
|-
|}
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)

===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure

==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|}

==Morphology==

===Nouns===
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural) 

Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | présto ‘'finger'’ (masc.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
|-
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | éza ‘'food'’ (fem.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
|-
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | énde ‘'fire'’ (neut.)
|-
!width="80px" | '''Singular'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
|-
|}
===Adjectives===
Adjectives decline identically to nouns
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology

-->

==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===


==Example texts==

==Other resources==




[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

File:Vowels.png

2025-01-14T00:57:07Z

Rnnelvll:

Alarine Vowel Inventory