Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Balearic

2026-07-02T23:39:07Z

OuroborosSys: /* Morphology */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, do not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine". Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

Due to the contracted forms of the singular indefinite article and personal articles being identical in most cases, if a singular indefinite article is needed, the numeral 'one' (''unu'' / ''una'') is used.

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''devel'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''sa vostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas vostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

Singular articles will contract with ''ostru'' and ''ostra''.
* ''n’ostru pare'' = "a father of yours"
Compare:
* ''un nostru pare'' = "a father of ours"

===Numerals===
Only 'one' and 'two' decline for gender, and numbers ending in 1 & 2, all other numbers are invariant. Numbers 2 and higher cause numbers to be in the plural.
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | X
! rowspan="2" | X + 10
! rowspan="2" | X * 10
! rowspan="2" | X * 100
|-
! ''Masc.''
! ''Fem.''
|-
! 0
| colspan="2" | ''zero''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! 1
| ''unu''
| ''una''
| ''ungi''
| ''dec''
| ''cendu''
|-
! 2
| ''dus''
| ''dúas''
| ''doigi''
| ''vindi''
| ''dugendos''
|-
! 3
| colspan="2" | ''tres''
| ''treigi''
| ''trinda''
| ''tregendos''
|-
! 4
| colspan="2" | ''bátol''
| ''bátoldi''
| ''barinda''
| ''batolcendos''
|-
! 5
| colspan="2" | ''cince''
| ''cingi''
| ''cimbanda''
| ''cingendos''
|-
! 6
| colspan="2" | ''sex''
| ''seigi''
| ''sexinda''
| ''sescendos''
|-
! 7
| colspan="2" | ''set''
| ''decisset''
| ''setinda''
| ''setegendos''
|-
! 8
| colspan="2" | ''ocho''
| ''decïocho''
| ''ochinda''
| ''ochogendos''
|-
! 9
| colspan="2" | ''nov''
| ''decinov''
| ''noninda''
| ''nongendos''
|-
! 10
| colspan="2" | ''dec''
| ''vindi''
| ''cendu''
| ''miđ''
|}
|}
Numbers 21-20 are written as one word with the ones following ''vindi''; e.g., ''vindïunu'' '21'. For other tens, ''i'' 'and' is added between the tens and ones; e.g., ''trinda i unu'' '31'.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-07-02T20:11:02Z

OuroborosSys: /* Verbs */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, do not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine". Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

Due to the contracted forms of the singular indefinite article and personal articles being identical in most cases, if a singular indefinite article is needed, the numeral 'one' (''unu'' / ''una'') is used.

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''devel'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''sa vostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas vostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

Singular articles will contract with ''ostru'' and ''ostra''.
* ''n’ostru pare'' = "a father of yours"
Compare:
* ''un nostru pare'' = "a father of ours"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-07-02T20:09:53Z

OuroborosSys: /* Contractions */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, do not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine". Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

Due to the contracted forms of the singular indefinite article and personal articles being identical in most cases, if a singular indefinite article is needed, the numeral 'one' (''unu'' / ''una'') is used.

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''sa vostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas vostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

Singular articles will contract with ''ostru'' and ''ostra''.
* ''n’ostru pare'' = "a father of yours"
Compare:
* ''un nostru pare'' = "a father of ours"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-07-02T07:46:55Z

OuroborosSys: /* Nouns */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, do not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine". Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''sa vostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas vostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

Singular articles will contract with ''ostru'' and ''ostra''.
* ''n’ostru pare'' = "a father of yours"
Compare:
* ''un nostru pare'' = "a father of ours"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-07-01T14:37:56Z

OuroborosSys: /* Vowels */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, do not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''sa vostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas vostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

Singular articles will contract with ''ostru'' and ''ostra''.
* ''n’ostru pare'' = "a father of yours"
Compare:
* ''un nostru pare'' = "a father of ours"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T22:29:30Z

OuroborosSys: /* Possessive Pronouns */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''sa vostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas vostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

Singular articles will contract with ''ostru'' and ''ostra''.
* ''n’ostru pare'' = "a father of yours"
Compare:
* ''un nostru pare'' = "a father of ours"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T21:58:43Z

OuroborosSys: /* The North Wind and the Sun */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''s’ostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas ostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛɾað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T20:44:23Z

OuroborosSys: /* Articles */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''s’ostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas ostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T20:41:44Z

OuroborosSys: /* Possessive Pronouns */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the'). The possessive pronoun precedes a noun but follows an article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

Third person possessive pronouns may be replaced with ''de'' + pronoun for purposes of disambiguation (''d’isso'', ''d’issa'', ''d’issos'', ''d’issas'').

Examples:
* ''su meu libru'' = "my book"
* ''sos meus libros'' = "my books"
* ''s’ostra fija'' = "your daughter"
* ''sas ostras fijas'' = "your daughters"
* ''na súa aviola'' = "a grandmother of his/hers/theirs"
** ''n’aviola d’isso'' = "a grandmother of his"

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T20:40:08Z

OuroborosSys: /* Articles */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''un''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''un fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T20:30:11Z

OuroborosSys: /* Consonants */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowels|§Vowels]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T20:29:52Z

OuroborosSys: /* Phonology */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]])
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.
* /w/ appears in loanwords.
** See [[#Vowel|§Vowel]] below for how /j, w/ differ from non-syllabic /i, u/.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j, w/, being consonants, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.

==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T18:51:35Z

OuroborosSys: /* Vowels */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ raise to [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
** Note that /j/, being a consonant, does not trigger raising, while [i̯, u̯] do.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T07:12:50Z

OuroborosSys:

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissu bajáricu
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T06:24:37Z

OuroborosSys: /* Consonants */

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissa bajárica
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ] instead; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmili̯a]~[eˈmiʎa].
** [mi̯] is generally instead pronounced [mɲ]; e.g., 〈academia〉 [akaˈð̞emi̯a]~[akaˈð̞emɲa]
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T06:21:38Z

OuroborosSys:

{{privatelang}}

{{Infobox language
|image = Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of the Balearic Islands
|name = Balearic
|nativename = bajáricu
|pronunciation = baˈʒaɾiku
|pronunciation-key = IPA for Balearic
|states = the [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|setting = Alternate universe [[w:Balearic Islands|Balearic Islands]]
|region = Western [[w:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|speakers = ~1,000,000
|date = 2020
|created = 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam4 = [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]]
|creator = User:OuroborosSys
|stand1 = Standard Mallorcan Balearic (''bajáricu mayorçu'')
|script1 = Latn
|nation = Balearic Islands
|agency = S’Academia dissa bajárica
|dia1 = Mallorcan (''mayorçu'')
|dia2 = Minorcan (''minorçu'')
|dia3 = Ibizan (''eusanu'')

}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ]; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmiʎa].
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

User:OuroborosSys

2026-06-30T06:08:48Z

OuroborosSys: Created page with "<big>OuroborosSys</big> Hello, we're the Ouroboros System (they/them). Been conlanging since around 2020, and want to start posting some of our conlangs up on here, and are starting with Bajáricu."

<big>OuroborosSys</big>

Hello, we're the Ouroboros System (they/them). Been conlanging since around 2020, and want to start posting some of our conlangs up on here, and are starting with [[Balearic|Bajáricu]].

Balearic

2026-06-30T05:56:11Z

OuroborosSys: fixed typo

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ]; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmiʎa].
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-30T05:53:21Z

OuroborosSys: /* The North Wind and the Sun */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ]; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmiʎa].
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T23:13:56Z

OuroborosSys: /* Possessive Pronouns */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ]; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmiʎa].
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object. The singular masculine 3rd person possessive has an accent to distinguish from homophonous ''su'' (masc. sg. of 'the').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñandd subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T23:11:19Z

OuroborosSys: /* Personal Pronouns */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ]; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmiʎa].
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

=====Possessive Pronouns=====
Possessive pronouns in Balearic inflect for the gender and number of the possessed object.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Masculine
! Feminine
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| meu
| mea
| meus
| meas
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd Person
! Informal
| tu
| túa
| tus
| túas
|-
! Formal
| vostru
| vostra
| vostros
| vostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plural
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| nostru
| nostra
| nostros
| nostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| ostru
| ostra
| ostros
| ostras
|-
! colspan="2" | 3rd Person
| sú
| súa
| sus
| súas
|-
|}

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñandd subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T22:25:11Z

OuroborosSys: /* Consonants */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
** [ni̯] often merges to [ɲ] in colloquial speech, and [li̯] is often pronounced [ʎ]; e.g., 〈Emilia〉 [eˈmiʎa].
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñandd subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T19:29:24Z

OuroborosSys: /* Example texts */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñandd subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandɛ subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-ande subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T19:19:39Z

OuroborosSys: /* The North Wind and the Sun */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dissu nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu disu ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T19:17:30Z

OuroborosSys: /* Example texts */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET.3SG INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T19:17:01Z

OuroborosSys: /* Orthography */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the Standard 26-letter Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a voiceless consonant. Between vowels and before voiced consonants 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T19:15:16Z

OuroborosSys: /* Consonants */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku].
* /k, ɡ/ palatalize to [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ], 〈ángel〉 [ˈaɲɟɛl].
** [c, ɟ~ʝ˕] may appear before other vowel. This is analyzed as /kiV, ɡiV/; e.g., 〈religión〉 [reliˈʝ˕ɔn], analyzed as /rɛliˈɡi̯ɔn/.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with /j/.
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T10:01:22Z

OuroborosSys: /* Verbs */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amande
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st sg.
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | 2nd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd sg.
! style="width:12.5%" | 1st pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 2nd pl.
! style="width:12.5%" | 3rd pl.
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T09:59:57Z

OuroborosSys: /* Verbs */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosatros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Bajáricu

2026-06-29T08:11:49Z

OuroborosSys: OuroborosSys moved page Bajáricu to Balearic: Misspelled title: I forgot to change name to the English verision of the name

#REDIRECT [[Balearic]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T08:11:49Z

OuroborosSys: OuroborosSys moved page Bajáricu to Balearic: Misspelled title: I forgot to change name to the English verision of the name

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Category:Balearic language

2026-06-29T08:10:56Z

OuroborosSys: Created page with "{{auto cat}}"

Balearic

2026-06-29T08:09:01Z

OuroborosSys: /* Nouns */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sos tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T08:08:39Z

OuroborosSys: /* Vowels */

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising of /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].

===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sus tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Balearic

2026-06-29T08:06:34Z

OuroborosSys:

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Balearic|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising o /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].
===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sus tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

IPA for Bajáricu

2026-06-29T08:06:20Z

OuroborosSys: OuroborosSys moved page IPA for Bajáricu to IPA for Balearic: Misspelled title

#REDIRECT [[IPA for Balearic]]

IPA for Balearic

2026-06-29T08:06:20Z

OuroborosSys: OuroborosSys moved page IPA for Bajáricu to IPA for Balearic: Misspelled title

==Standard Mallorcan Balearic==
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Bajáricu|Standard Mallorcan Balearic]] pronunciations.For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |

{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! English equivalent
|-
! colspan=4| [[wikipedia:Consonant|Consonants]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>b</big>
|'''b'''átol
|'''b'''aton
|-
|align="center" |<big>d</big>
|'''d'''ec
|'''d'''en
|-
|align="center" |<big>ð</big>
|a'''z'''ul
|'''th'''y
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɖ</big>
|iste'''đ'''a
|'''d'''en ([[w:Indian English|Indian English]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>f</big>
|'''f'''iju
|'''f'''eel
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɡ</big>
|'''g'''rand
|'''g'''ood
|-
|align="center" |<big>j</big>
|'''y'''ama
|'''y'''es
|-
|align="center" |<big>k</big>
|'''c'''asa
|'''c'''ase
|-
|align="center" |<big>l</big>
|'''l'''una
|'''l'''ight
|-
|align="center" |<big>m</big>
|'''m'''are
|'''m'''are
|-
|align="center" |<big>n</big>
|'''n'''íe
|'''n'''ew
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɳ</big>
|pu'''ñ'''u
|'''n'''ew ([[w:Indian English|Indian English]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɲ</big>
|ma'''nh'''anu
|ca'''ny'''on
|-
|align="center" |<big>p</big>
|'''p'''are
|'''p'''ear
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɾ</big>
|ama'''r'''eđu
|la'''tt'''er ([[w:American English|American English]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>r</big>
|'''r'''osa
|No English equivalent
|-
|align="center" |<big>s</big>
|deci'''ss'''et
|'''s'''ea
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʃ</big>
|ru'''x'''u
|'''sh'''ield
|-
|align="center" |<big>t</big>
|'''t'''ú
|'''t'''oo
|-
|align="center" |<big>tʃ</big>
|o'''ch'''o
|'''ch'''eck
|-
|align="center" |<big>θ</big>
|can'''ç'''ón
|'''th'''igh
|-
|align="center" |<big>v</big>
|'''v'''indi
|'''v'''est
|-
|align="center" |<big>z</big>
|ro'''s'''a
|ro'''s'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>ʒ</big>
|o'''j'''u
|vi'''si'''on
|-
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! English equivalent
|-
! colspan="3"| [[wikipedia:Vowel|Vowels]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>a</big>
|'''a'''m'''a'''l
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center" |<big>e</big>
|d'''e'''cisset
|s'''a'''le
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɛ</big>
|s'''e'''l
|s'''e'''ll
|-
|align="center" |<big>i</big>
|'''i'''
|m'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>o</big>
|d'''o'''lmil
|'''ow'''n
|-
|align="center" |<big>ɔ</big>
|j'''o'''
|cl'''o'''th
|-
|align="center" |<big>u</big>
|nir'''u'''
|b'''oo'''t
|-
!colspan=3| [[wikipedia:Semivowel|Semivowel]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>i̯</big>
|miđ'''i'''on
|mill'''i'''on
|-
|align="center" |<big>u̯</big>
|me'''u'''
|'''w'''asp
|-
!colspan=3| [[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>ˈ</big>
| colspan=2|Primary stress
|-
|align="center" |<big>ˌ</big>
|colspan=2|Secondary stress
|-
|align="center" |<big>.</big>
|colspan=2|syllable break
|}
|}
|}

Balearic

2026-06-29T08:05:49Z

OuroborosSys:

{{privatelang}}

'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Bajáricu|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising o /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].
===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sus tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

IPA for Balearic

2026-06-29T08:04:33Z

OuroborosSys: Created page with "==Standard Mallorcan Balearic== The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mallorcan Balearic pronunciations.For more information, see Help:IPA. {{IPA keys}} {| style="background: none" |- | valign="top" | {| style="background: none" |- | valign="top" | {| class="IPA wikitable" !IPA !! Examples !! English equiva..."

Balearic

2026-06-29T08:04:22Z

OuroborosSys: Created page with "{{privatelang}} ==Introduction==  '''Balearic''' (endonym: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[baˈʒaɾiku]</span>) is a w:Southern Romance L..."

{{privatelang}}

==Introduction==


'''Balearic''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Bajáricu''; <small>Bajáricu: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Bajáricu|[baˈʒaɾiku]]]</span>) is a [[w:Southern Romance Languages|Southern Romance]] language, most closely related to Sardinian, but with heavy influences from [[w:Western Romance Languages|Western Romance]], particularly [[w:Spanish language|Spanish (Castillian)]] and [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]]. It is spoken on the Balearic islands, and is the native language of most people there.

==Orthography==
Balearic uses most of the letters in the ISO Standard Latin alphabet with the exception of K, Q, and W. There are 3 additional letters, Ç, Đ, and Ñ. Two diacritics are in use in native vocabulary: the acute accent and the diaeresis. Spelling is largely phonemic, with a few systematic exceptions.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; table-layout:fixed;"
|+ Alphabet
! style="width:20%;" | Letter
! style="width:20%;" | Name
! style="width:20%;" | IPA
|-
|Aa || a || /a/
|-
|Bb || be || /b/
|-
|Cc || ce || /k/
|-
|Çç ||ce çediya / ce crebada || /θ/
|-
|Dd || de || /d/
|-
|Đđ ||đe ||/ɖ/
|-
|Ee||e||/ɛ/
|-
|Ff||efe||/f/
|-
|Gg||ge||/ɡ/
|-
|Hh||haca||''silent''
|-
|Ii||i||/i/ [i, i̯]
|-
|Jj||jota||/ʒ/
|-
|Ll||ele||/l/
|-
|Mm||eme||/m/
|-
|Nn||ene||/n/
|-
|Ññ||eñe||/ɳ/
|-
|Oo||o||/ɔ/
|-
|Pp||pe||/p/
|-
|Rr||erre||/ɾ, r/
|-
|Ss||esse||/s, z/
|-
|Tt||te||/t/
|-
|Uu||u||/u/ [u, u̯]
|-
|Vv||ve||/v/
|-
|Xx||exe||/ʃ/ <br> <small>(/ks/ in borrowings and some learned words)</small>
|-
|Yy||i grega / ye||/j/
|-
|Zz||zeta||/ð/
|-
|}

The digraphs in common usage are:
* 〈ch〉 /tʃ/
* 〈nh〉 /ɲ/
* 〈rr〉 /r/
* 〈ss〉 /s/

The letters 〈r〉 and 〈s〉 have two sounds each. 〈R〉 represents a trill initially, and after /n, s/, and represents the tap elsewhere. If a trill appears intervocalically, 〈rr〉 is used. 〈S〉 represents /s/ initially, next to a consonant. Between vowels 〈s〉 represents /z/, and /s/ is written 〈ss〉. At the end of a word 〈s〉 may represent /s/ or /z/ depending on context and word.

===Diacritics===
The 2 diacritics in common use in Balearic are the acute and diaeresis.

The acute is used to represent a stressed vowel in the following cases:
* In final syllables, before 〈(i)s〉, 〈x〉, 〈(i)n〉, and 〈nt〉 (see below for 〈nt〉),
* In penultimate syllables, with any other final consonant,
* In other syllables always,
* On 〈i〉 or 〈u〉 when stressed in hiatus, and
* On some monosyllabic words for disambiguation.

The diaeresis is used on 〈i〉 & 〈u〉 when unstressed & in hiatus, unless the following vowel has an acute and is the only other syllable in the word; e.g., 〈viáx〉 /viˈaʃ/ and 〈viáis〉 /viˈai̯s/.

===Other notes===
The digraph 〈nt〉 is irregularly pronounced /ndɛ/ at the end of a word, and is always unstressed. In other contexts, it is pronounced as expected (i.e. /nt/); e.g., 〈amant〉 /ˈamandɛ/, contrasting with 〈amande〉 /aˈmandɛ/. Similarly, final 〈st〉 is pronounced /stɛ/; e.g., 〈est〉 /ˈɛstɛ/. '''The final /ɛ/ in these words does not count as syllable for stress assignment.'''

===Foreign letters and words===
The foreign letters Kk, Qq, and Ww have the names 〈ka(pa)〉, 〈cu〉, and 〈ve dubla〉 respectively. They are only found in loans, which are often (but not always) respelled to fit native orthographical rules. Other letters in loans may also make different sounds, according to their pronunciation in the language of origin.

==Phonology==
Balearic’s phonology is, segment-wise, relatively similar to the Sardinian language, especially its Nuorese dialect. However, due to the influence of Western Romance languages, the phonology also largely resembles those languages, leaving Balearic somewhere in the middle.
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalv.]] / <br>[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:Plosive|Stops]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative|Fricatives]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar trills|r]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|}

Notes:
* [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/; e.g., 〈lancu〉 [ˈlaŋku]
* /k, ɡ/ often palatalize to [c, ɟ] before /i, ɛ/; e.g., 〈cince〉 [ˈciɲcɛ]
* [nd] and [ɳɖ] are in free variation before a vowel; e.g., 〈cendu〉 [ˈcendu]~[ˈceɳɖu].
** [nd] is more common in southern dialects, and [ɳɖ] in northern ones, but either pronunciation can be found anywhere.
* /b, d, ɡ/ lenite to [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕~ʝ˕], except after a nasal, pause, or /l/ for /d/; e.g., 〈doigi〉 [ˈdoi̯ʝ˕i], 〈podel〉 [ˈpɔð̞ɛl], 〈subre〉 [ˈs̠uβ̞ɾɛ].
** For some speakers, especially in colloquial speech, [ʝ˕] can merge with [j].
* /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], sounding like their counterparts in Modern Greek.

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
| [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
| [[w:Back vowels|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]) † || ([[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]) †
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Low-mid]]
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|}

† Phonemic in Ibizan

Notes:
* /ɛ, ɔ/ become [e, o] when followed by /i, u/ or [e, o]; e.g., 〈decisset〉 [deciˈsɛt], 〈oíl〉 [oˈil], 〈foreis〉 [ˈfoɾei̯s].
** In Ibizan this becomes phonemic via raising o /ɛ, ɔ/ to /i, u/ in final syllables.
* The diphthong /ui/ may be pronounced either [u̯i] or [ui̯] freely. Similarly, /iu/ may be [i̯u] or [iu̯].
===Stress===
Stress in Balearic is phonemic. Some inflections are most often distinguished by stress, and other words can be too.

===Phonotactics===
Syllables in Balearic must take the shape of (C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). Consonant clusters generally follow the sonority hierarchy.
==Morphology==
Balearic, like all [[w:Romance languages|Romance languages]], is a highly inflected, fusional language.

===Nouns===
Nouns in Balearic, like other Romance languages, are split into two genders: "masculine" and "feminine. Nouns also have two numbers: "singular" and "plural". Plurals are formed with ''-s'' after a vowel, and ''-es'' after a consonant. Nouns ending in -u generally become -os in the plural.

When a syllable is added, an acute accent may be added or dropped in some words to keep stress on the same syllable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Pluralization Examples
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
!''-u''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fiju'' || ''fijos''
|-
!''-V''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''fija'' || ''fijas''
|-
!''-C''
| style="border-right: 0;" | ''cançón'' || ''cançones''
|}

Notes:
* Some nouns ending in 〈l〉 change it to 〈r〉 in the plural; e.g., ''s’álbol'' → ''s’álbores''.
* Nouns ending in a stressed vowel, including 〈ú〉, just add 〈s〉; e.g., ''su tabú'' → ''sus tabús''.
* Polysyllabic nouns ending an unstressed 〈s〉 have no overt plural marking; e.g., ''su joves'' → ''sos joves''.

===Adjectives===
Like other Romance languages, adjectives agree in gender and number. Adjectives come in two classes: ones which inflect for gender, and ones which don’t. Adjectives whose base form ends in -u inflect for gender, ones ending in other sounds do not.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Adjective Examples
|-
! ''ruxu'' 'red'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ruxu''
| ''ruxos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''ruxa''
| ''ruxas''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''azul'' 'blue'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''azul''
| ''azules''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ''calente'' 'hot'
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masc./Fem
| ''calente''
| ''calentes''
|}

===Determiners===
Determiners, like adjectives, agree with a noun in gender and number.

====Articles====
There is a definite and indefinite article in Balearic, as well as a personal/proper article.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Definite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''su''
| ''sos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''sa''
| ''sas''
|}

Thus:
* ''su fiju'' = 'the son'
* ''sa fija'' = 'the daughter'
* ''sos fijos'' = 'the sons'
* ''sas fijas'' = 'the daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''s’'':
* ''s’aviolu'' (← ''su aviolu'') = 'the grandfather'
* ''s’aviola'' (← ''sa aviola'') = 'the grandmother'
* ''s’hora'' (← ''sa hora'') = 'the hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Indefinite Article
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
| ''nos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
| ''nas''
|}

Thus:
* ''ne fiju'' = 'a son'
* ''na fija'' = 'a daughter'
* ''nos fijos'' = '(some) sons'
* ''nas fijas'' = '(some) daughters'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, the singular forms contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’aviolu'' (← ''ne aviolu'') = 'a grandfather'
* ''n’aviola'' (← ''na aviola'') = 'a grandmother'
* ''n’hora'' (← ''na hora'') = 'an hour'

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal Article
|-
!
! Singular
|-
! Masculine
| ''ne''
|-
! Feminine
| ''na''
|}

The personal article is used before names of people. If a plural form is needed, the corresponding forms of the definite article are used, thus:
* ''ne Polu'' = 'Paul'
* ''na María'' = 'Maria'
Before vowels and 〈h〉, they contract to ''n’'':
* ''n’Antoniu'' (← ''ne Antoniu'') = 'Antonio'
* ''n’Emilia'' (← ''na Emilia'') = 'Emily'

=====Contractions=====
These articles commonly and obligatorily contract with the prepositions ''a'', ''de'', ''por'', ''cun'', and ''in'', and optionally with ''tras''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Contractions
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''Definite Article''
! colspan="4" | ''Indefinite Article''
! colspan="2" | ''Personal Article''
|-
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
! colspan="2" | ''Plural''
! colspan="2" | ''Singular''
|-
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
! ''Masculine''
! ''Feminine''
|-
! ''a''
| ''assu ~ as’''
| ''assa ~ as’''
| ''assos''
| ''assas''
| ''an''
| ''ana ~ an’''
| ''anos''
| ''anas''
| ''ane ~ an’''
| ''ana ~ an’''
|-
! ''de''
| ''disso ~ dis’''
| ''dissa ~ dis’''
| ''dissos''
| ''dissas''
| ''dun''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
| ''dunos''
| ''dunas''
| ''dune ~ dun’''
| ''duna ~ dun’''
|-
! ''por''
| ''pissu ~ pis’''
| ''pissa ~ pis’''
| ''pissos''
| ''pissas''
| ''pun''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
| ''punos''
| ''punas''
| ''pune ~ pun’''
| ''puna ~ pun’''
|-
! ''cun''
| ''cissu ~ cis’''
| ''cissa ~ cis’''
| ''cissos''
| ''cissas''
| ''cún''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
| ''cunos''
| ''cunas''
| ''cune ~ cun’''
| ''cuna ~ cun’''
|-
! ''in''
| ''nissu ~ nis’''
| ''nissa ~ nis’''
| ''nissos''
| ''nissas''
| ''nun''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
| ''nunos''
| ''nunas''
| ''nune ~ nun’''
| ''nuna ~ nun’''
|-
! ''tras''
| ''trissu ~ tris’''
| ''trissa ~ tris’''
| ''trissos''
| ''trissas''
| ''trun''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
| ''trunos''
| ''trunas''
| ''trune ~ trun’''
| ''truna ~ trun’''
|}

===Verbs===
Balearic verbs are split into 4 regular conjugations, each descended from Latin’s. Each is named after its infinitive’s ending: ''-al'', ''-el'', ''-re'', ''-il''.

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation (''-al'') example — ''amal'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amal
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | amante
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| amadu || amados
|-
! feminine
| amada || amadas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| amo
| amas
| amáx
| ámaz
| amamus
| amáis
| amant
|-
! Imperfect
| amava
| amavas
| amaváx
| amávaz
| amávamus
| amavais
| amavant
|-
! Preterite
| amái
| amasti
| amastix
| amoz
| amamus
| amastis
| amarunt
|-
! Future
| amarap
| amarás
| amaréx
| amaraz
| amaremus
| amaréis
| amaránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| amaría
| amarías
| amaríax
| amaríaz
| amaríamus
| amaríais
| amaríant
|-
! II
| amarabi
| amaristi
| amaristix
| amarábiz
| amarimus
| amaristis
| amarerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| ame
| ames
| améx
| ámez
| amemus
| améis
| ament
|-
! Imperfect
| amar
| amares
| amarex
| amárez
| amáremus
| amareis
| amarent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ama
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| amemus
| amái
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non ames
| non améx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non amemus
| non améis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation (''-el'') example — ''amal'' (“must, to be required to”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devel
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | devende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| devidu || devidos
|-
! feminine
| devida || devidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| devo
| deves
| devéx
| dévez
| devemus
| devéis
| devent
|-
! Imperfect
| devía
| devías
| devíax
| devíaz
| devíamus
| devíais
| devíant
|-
! Preterite
| deví
| devisti
| devistix
| deviz
| devimus
| devistis
| deverunt
|-
! Future
| deverap
| deverás
| deveréx
| deveraz
| deveremus
| deveréis
| deveránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| devería
| deverías
| deveríax
| deveríaz
| deveríamus
| deveríais
| deveríant
|-
! II
| deverabi
| deveristi
| deveristix
| deverábiz
| deverimus
| deveristis
| devererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| deva
| devas
| deváx
| dévaz
| devamus
| deváis
| devant
|-
! Imperfect
| dever
| deveres
| deverex
| devérez
| devéremus
| devereis
| deverent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| dev
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| devamus
| devéi
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devas
| non deváx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non devamus
| non deváis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 3<sup>rd</sup> conjugation (''-re'') example — ''mitre'' (“to love”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitre
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | mitende
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| mitidu || mitidos
|-
! feminine
| mitida || mitidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| mito
| mitis
| mitix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitis
| mitunt
|-
! Imperfect
| mitía
| mitías
| mitíax
| mitíaz
| mitíamus
| mitíais
| mitíant
|-
! Preterite
| miti
| mitisti
| mitistix
| mítiz
| mítimus
| mitistis
| miterunt
|-
! Future
| miterap
| miterás
| miteréx
| miteraz
| miteremus
| miteréis
| miteránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| mitería
| miterías
| miteríax
| miteríaz
| miteríamus
| miteríais
| miteríant
|-
! II
| miterabi
| miteristi
| miteristix
| miterábiz
| miterimus
| miteristis
| mitererunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| mita
| mitas
| mitáx
| mítaz
| mitamus
| mitáis
| mitant
|-
! Imperfect
| míter
| míteres
| míterex
| míterez
| míteremus
| mítereis
| míterent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mit
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| mitamus
| miti
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitas
| non mitáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non mitamus
| non mitáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
 
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | 4<sup>th</sup> conjugation (''-il'') example — ''partil'' (“to even out”)
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partil
|-
! colspan="2" | Gerund
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | partinde
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! singular !! plural
|-
! masculine
| partidu || partidos
|-
! feminine
| partida || partidas
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">Person   </div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">   Tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular
! colspan="2" style="width:12.5%" | second singular
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural
|-
! style="width:12.5%" | ''jo''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''tú''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vós''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''is(sa)''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''nosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''vosotros/-as''
! style="width:12.5%" | ''isses/-as''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative
! Present
| parto
| partis
| partíx
| pártiz
| partimus
| partís
| partunt
|-
! Imperfect
| partía
| partías
| partíax
| partíaz
| partíamus
| partíais
| partíant
|-
! Preterite
| partí
| partisti
| partistix
| partiz
| partimus
| partistis
| parterunt
|-
! Future
| partirap
| partirás
| partiréx
| partiraz
| partiremus
| partiréis
| partiránt
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Conditional
! I
| partiría
| partirías
| partiríax
| partiríaz
| partiríamus
| partiríais
| partiríant
|-
! II
| partirabi
| partiristi
| partiristix
| partirábiz
| partirimus
| partiristis
| partirerunt
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Present
| parta
| partas
| partáx
| pártaz
| partamus
| partáis
| partant
|-
! Imperfect
| partir
| partires
| partirex
| partírez
| partíremus
| partireis
| partirent
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! Positive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| parti
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| partamus
| partí
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! Negative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partas
| non partáx
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| non partamus
| non partáis
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}

Alongside these 4 conjugations, there are irregular verbs, many of which are among the most common in the language.

===Pronouns===
Like all Romance languages, Balearic has highly inflected pronouns.

====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Pronouns
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Dative
! Disjunctive
! Comitative
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First Person
| ''jo''
| colspan="2" | ''me'' ~ ''m’''
| ''mi''
| ''cumegu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Informal
| ''tú''
| colspan="2" |''te'' ~ ''t’''
| ''ti''
| ''cuntegu''
|-
! Formal
| ''vós''
| colspan="2" | ''vos''
| ''os''
| ''cunvoscu''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''is''
| ''đu'' ~ ''đ’''
| rowspan="2" | ''đi'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''isso''
| ''c’isso''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issa''
| ''đa'' ~ ''đ’''
| ''issa''
| ''c’issa''
|-
! rowspan="6" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | First Person
! Masculine
| ''nosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''nos''
| ''nosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cuñoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''nosatras''
| ''nosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Second Person
! Masculine
| ''vosatros''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''os''
| ''vosatros''
| rowspan="2" | ''cumoscu''
|-
! Feminine
| ''vosatras''
| ''vosatras''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third Person
! Masculine
| ''isses''
| ''đos''
| rowspan="2" | ''đis''
| ''issos''
| ''c’issos''
|-
! Feminine
| ''issas''
| ''đas''
| ''issas''
| ''c’issas''
|-
! colspan="3" | Reflexive
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''se'' ~ ''s’''
| ''si''
| ''cunsegu''
|-
! colspan="3" | Locative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''vi'' ~ ''v’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|-
! colspan="3" | Adverbial
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| colspan="2" | ''ne'' ~ ''n’''
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}

Clitic pronouns always come in a fixed order:
# Reflexive
# 2nd Person
# 1st Person
# 3rd Dative
# 3rd Accusative
# Locative
# Adverbial

Clitic Pronouns also have placement rules:
# After 'no' and question words
# After an imperative
# A mesoclitic in the future or conditional
# After an infinitive or auxiliary verb (either place is fine)
# Before a verb
They are not allowed to be the first word in a phrase.

==Example texts==

===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{interlinear
|top='''Su ventu dis nort i su sol istavant puñandu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte,'''<br>/su ˈvɛntu dis ˈnɔɾt i su ˈsɔl isˈtavandɛ puˈɳandu subɾɛ ˈbal disɔs dus ˈɛrað su maʃ ˈfɔɾtɛ/
|Su ventu dissu nort i su sol ist-avant puñ-andu subre bal dissos dus éraz su max forte
|DEF;M.SG wind of;DEF;M.SG north and DEF;M.SG sun be-IMP.3PL fight-GER about which of;DEF;M.PL two be.IMP DEF;M.SG more strong
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=IMP:imperfect;COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|top='''bándo passoz un viacharju inoltu nuna capa grossa.'''<br>/ˈbandɔ paˈsɔð un vi̯aˈtʃaɾʒu iˈnɔltu nuna ˈkapa ˈɡɾɔsa/
|bándo pass-oz un viacharju inolt-u nuna capa gross-a
|when pass-PRET INDEF;M.SG traveller wrapped-M.SG in;INDEF;F.SG cloak thick-F.SG
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no)|ablist=PRET:preterite}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveller came along in a warm cloak.''

==Other resources==




[[Category:Balearic language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]