Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Proto-Cynthi-Kather

2025-04-10T00:46:22Z

Kaw57:

'''Proto-Cynthi-Kather''' was a language spoken on the islands of [[Cynth]] and [[Kather]]. It gave rise to many languages, such as [[Mekatheri]] and [[Cynthian]]. Many words are directly attested, as the islands’ people saw writing as the key to knowledge and power. Some ancient sources also describe the phonology, thus making it attested.
It was written using a Greek-derived alphabet. It used all of the Greek letters we are familiar with, as well as ⟨ϝ⟩, ⟨ͱ⟩, and ⟨ϟ⟩ (''wau'', ''heta'', and ''qoppa''). The ⟨ϟ⟩ variant of ⟨ϙ⟩ is not attested until the 13th century; however, most historical linguists documenting the language prefer the more recent qoppa variant, as that is what is used in the islands’ languages today, “and it just looks better” according to [[Kathyria|Kathyrian]]-born linguist [[Qòir Ok]].
== Phonology ==
Using diagrams created by ancient linguist [[Ksùunqiur]] and making inferences from the daughter languages, linguists believe the following to be the phonology of Proto-Cynthi-Kather.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! bilabial !! labiodental !! dental !! alveolar !! velar !! uvular !! laryngeal
|-
| plosive || p ⟨π⟩ b ⟨βπ⟩ ps ⟨ψ⟩ || bv ⟨β⟩ || dð ⟨δ⟩ || t ⟨τ⟩ d ⟨δτ⟩ ts ⟨τσ⟩ || k ⟨κ⟩ g ⟨γκ⟩ ks ⟨ξ⟩ gɣ ⟨γ⟩ || q ⟨ϟ⟩ ɢ ⟨γϟ⟩ qs ⟨ϟσ⟩ ||
|-
| fricative || || f ⟨φ⟩ || θ ⟨θ⟩ || s ⟨σ⟩ z ⟨ζ⟩ || x ⟨χ⟩ || || ħ ⟨ͱ⟩
|-
| trill || || || || r̥ ⟨τρ⟩ r ⟨ρ⟩ || || ||
|-
| approximant || w ⟨ϝ⟩ || || || l ⟨λ⟩ || (w) || || ʕ ⟨γͱ⟩
|-
| nasal || m ⟨μ⟩ || || || n ⟨ν⟩ || || ||
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! front !! back
|-
| close || i ⟨ι⟩ iː ⟨ει⟩ iu̯ ⟨ιυ⟩ || u ⟨υ⟩ uː ⟨ου⟩ ui̯ ⟨υι⟩
|-
| mid || e ⟨ε⟩ eː ⟨η⟩ ɛi̯ ⟨ηι⟩ ɛu̯ ⟨ευ⟩ || o ⟨ο⟩ oː ⟨ω⟩ ɔi̯ ⟨οι⟩ ɔu̯ ⟨ωυ⟩
|-
| open || colspan="2" | a ⟨α⟩ aː ⟨αα⟩ ai̯ ⟨αι⟩ au̯ ⟨αυ⟩
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Tones
|-
! mid !! high !! low !! falling
|-
| ˧ ⟨◌⟩ || ˥ ⟨◌́⟩ || ˩ ⟨◌̀⟩ || ˥˩ ⟨◌̃⟩
|}

Proto-Cynthi-Kather

2025-04-09T02:44:43Z

Kaw57: /* Phonology */ added vowels + tones

'''Proto-Cynthi-Kather''' was a language spoken on the islands of [[Cynth]] and [[Kather]]. It gave rise to many languages, such as [[Mekatheri]] and [[Cynthian]]. Many words are directly attested, as the islands’ people saw writing as the key to knowledge and power. Some ancient sources also describe the phonology, thus making it attested.
It was written using a Greek-derived alphabet. It used all of the Greek letters we are familiar with, as well as ⟨ϝ⟩, ⟨ͱ⟩, and ⟨ϟ⟩ (''wau'', ''heta'', and ''qoppa''). The ⟨ϟ⟩ variant of ⟨ϙ⟩ is not attested until the 13th century; however, most historical linguists documenting the language prefer the more recent qoppa variant, as that is what is used in the islands’ languages today, “and it just looks better” according to [[Kathyria|Kathyrian]]-born linguist [[Kòir Ok]].
== Phonology ==
Proto-Cynthi-Kather had the following phonology, according to [[Ksùunqiur]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! bilabial !! labiodental !! dental !! alveolar !! velar !! uvular !! laryngeal
|-
| plosive || p ⟨π⟩ b ⟨βπ⟩ ps ⟨ψ⟩ || bv ⟨β⟩ || dð ⟨δ⟩ || t ⟨τ⟩ d ⟨δτ⟩ ts ⟨τσ⟩ || k ⟨κ⟩ g ⟨γκ⟩ ks ⟨ξ⟩ gɣ ⟨γ⟩ || q ⟨ϟ⟩ ɢ ⟨γϟ⟩ qs ⟨ϟσ⟩ ||
|-
| fricative || || f ⟨φ⟩ || θ ⟨θ⟩ || s ⟨σ⟩ z ⟨ζ⟩ || x ⟨χ⟩ || || ħ ⟨ͱ⟩
|-
| trill || || || || r̥ ⟨τρ⟩ r ⟨ρ⟩ || || ||
|-
| approximant || w ⟨ϝ⟩ || || || l ⟨λ⟩ || (w) || || ʕ ⟨γͱ⟩
|-
| nasal || m ⟨μ⟩ || || || n ⟨ν⟩ || || ||
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! front !! back
|-
| close || i ⟨ι⟩ iː ⟨ει⟩ iu̯ ⟨ιυ⟩ || u ⟨υ⟩ uː ⟨ου⟩ ui̯ ⟨υι⟩
|-
| mid || e ⟨ε⟩ eː ⟨η⟩ ɛi̯ ⟨ηι⟩ ɛu̯ ⟨ευ⟩ || o ⟨ο⟩ oː ⟨ω⟩ ɔi̯ ⟨οι⟩ ɔu̯ ⟨ωυ⟩
|-
| open || colspan="2" | a ⟨α⟩ aː ⟨αα⟩ ai̯ ⟨αι⟩ au̯ ⟨αυ⟩
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Tones
|-
! mid !! high !! low !! falling
|-
| ˧ ⟨◌⟩ || ˥ ⟨◌́⟩ || ˩ ⟨◌̀⟩ || ˥˩ ⟨◌̃⟩
|}

Proto-Cynthi-Kather

2025-04-09T01:11:42Z

Kaw57:

Proto-Cynthi-Kather

2025-04-09T00:47:57Z

Kaw57: changed name of linguist to be more accurate to how the stem would have developed

Proto-Cynthi-Kather

2025-04-09T00:46:27Z

Kaw57: got the link order backwards

Proto-Cynthi-Kather

2025-04-09T00:45:53Z

Kaw57: it's a start

Kathyrian Urmhu

2025-04-09T00:02:39Z

Kaw57: Blanked the page

Kathyrian

2025-04-09T00:02:00Z

Kaw57: god this is insanely outdated

Contionary:ąðu

2025-04-08T23:59:06Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:Ągle

2025-04-08T23:58:38Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:ą

2025-04-08T23:58:02Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:äl

2025-04-08T23:57:34Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:ä

2025-04-08T23:57:08Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-l

2025-04-08T23:56:41Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==Central Isles Creole==
===Alternative forms===
{{alt|loxw|-el}} {{g|after consonants}}

===Etymology===
{{loxw-knra|r}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA all|loxw|[l]}}

===Suffix===
{{head|loxw|suffix}}

# ''passivizer''
#: {{ux|loxw||}}

Contionary:-as

2025-04-08T23:56:11Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==[[Hakdor]]==
[[Category: Hakdor words]]
[[Category: Hakdor affixes]]
[[Category: Hakdor suffixes]]
{{Template: Hakdor Pronuncation|as|as}}

===Suffix===
'''-as'''
# to, towards, in the direction of
#: ''The allative adposition.''

==Siwa==
===Suffix===
{{head|siwa|suffix}} {{lb|siwa|with shortening}}
# {{alt form|siwa|u- -as}}
====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|siwa}}

Contionary:alpal

2025-04-08T23:55:37Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:alpabetos

2025-04-08T23:55:11Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:alpa

2025-04-08T23:54:33Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:aje

2025-04-08T23:53:54Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==ǂA Ṇṵĩ==
===Pronunciation===
{{nui-IPA}}
===Classifier===
{{head|art-nui|classifier}}
# {{n-g|Classifier for objects and phenomena in the sky, stars, the sun, the moon, comets, clouds, rainbows, sunrises and sunsets, eclipses, etc.}}
====Coordinate terms====
* {{term|ǂṵʼu}}

Contionary:afų

2025-04-08T23:52:52Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:Ablorja

2025-04-08T23:52:16Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:a

2025-04-08T23:51:41Z

Kaw57: removed to-be-empty entries from "see also"

: ''See also:'' '''{{term|á}}''', '''{{term|â}}''', '''{{term|à}}''', and '''{{term|-a}}'''
==Avendonian==
===Pronunciation===
{{av-IPA|a}}
===Etymology 1===
{{av-lat|ad|ad}}
====Preposition====
'''a'''
# to, toward
#:''Vi gamos '''a''''l stade.''
#:: We go '''to''' the city.
[[Category:Avendonian prepositions]]
===Etymology 2===
{{av-pgmc|ahwō}}
====Noun====
{{av-nf|e}}# river
#:''La '''a''' abe filo vatro.''
#:: The '''river''' has a lot of water.

==Bearlandic==
===Pronunciation===
(''Bearlandic'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aː/
===Numeral===
'''a'''

# one
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Bearlandic numerals]] [[Category:Bearlandic words]]

==[[Braereth]]==
[[Category: Contionary]]
[[Category: Braereth words]]
[[Category: Braereth adpositions]]
{{Template: Braereth Dialects|a|a|a|a, ə|a|a|a|a}}

===Etymology===
From [[w: Latin|Latin]] '''''[[wikt: ad|ad]]'''''

===Adposition===
'''a'''
# at, to, in
#: ''A dative pronoun. ''''[[Contionary: ath#Braereth|Ath]]'''' when followed by a vowel.''

====Related Terms====
* '''''[[Contionary: ath#Braereth|ath]]''''' ‘to’

==[[Brooding]]==
[[Category:Brooding words]]
[[Category:Brooding particles]]

===Alternative forms===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|align="right" valign="top"| Extended ASCII Form: || '''a'''
|-
|align="right" valign="top"| Abjad ASCII Form: || '''a'''
|}

===Pronunciation===
(''Brooding'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ɑ/

===Particle===
'''a'''
* do!
* do it!

===Usage Notes===
This is an imperative marker which indicates that a following verb is a command. See '''[[Brooding#Commands|Verbs › Commands]]''' for usage.

==Esmitan==
===Etymology===
From old Esmitan ''{{term|a}}''.

===Pronunciation===
(''Esmitan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/ [ʔa]

===Article===
# (''no longer [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#productive|productive]], used in [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#set_phrase|set phrases]]'') the

== [[Interlingua]]==
=== Etymology ===
from Latin [[wikt:ad|ad]] ("to")

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/a/|lang=ia}}

===Preposition===

# to, at
# to, for (indicating purpose)
#: ''sala '''a''' attender''
#:: waiting room''

====Derived terms====
* {{C|a in}}
* {{C|al}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Interlingua prepositions]] [[Category:Interlingua words]]

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
onomatopoeia. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/
===Particle===
'''a'''

# ''placed after something for emphasis or emotion''
# ah, oh, ha, eh, um, oy

[[Category:Toki Pona particles]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

==Grekelin==
===Pronunciation (IPA)===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/, [ɑ]

===Etymology===
From [[Old Grekelin]] ''να'', cognate with Greek ''να'' (na), Mariupol Greek ''на'' (na), all stemming from Ancient Greek ''ἵνα'' (hina). Not related to Hungarian ''az'' (The definite article).

===Particle===
# Used to form the infinitive of some verbs, similar to the English ''to'':
#: '''''A''' zsei kapkja i '''a''' uck zsei?''   (To live or not to live)
#: ''Repato '''a''' töró.''   (I am going to eat)

# Used to form the imperative on most verbs:
#: '''''A''' hagyde!''   (Leave!)
#: '''''A''' fere eis mei e leveszi''   (Bring me the soup)

[[Category:Grekelin lemmas]]
[[Category:Grekelin words]]
[[Category:Grekelin words inherited from Greek]]
[[Category:Grekelin particles]]

==Modern Gallaecian==
===Pronunciation===
{{mg-IPA|pos=conj}}
===Conjunction===
{{head|cel-gal|conjunction}}
# {{n-g|Subordinate clause marker}}; that, which
#: {{ux|cel-gal|'''A''' benedes uba querdó.|I believe '''that''' you stayed here.}}

==Reneissan==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
From Latin ''ad''

===Pronunciation===
(''Reneissan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/

===Preposition===
'''a'''
# to, at

==== Derived terms ====
When followed by a definite article, ''a'' is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! a + article !! combined form
|-
| a + {{C|il}} || {{C|al}}
|-
| a + {{C|i}} || {{C|ai}}
|-
| a + {{C|la}} || {{C|alla}}
|-
| a + {{C|lai}} || {{C|allai}}
|-
| a + {{C|l'}} || {{C|all'}}
|-
| a + {{C|lais}} || {{C|allais}}
|}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Reneissan prepositions]][[Category:Reneissan words]]

==Soc'ul'==
{{wacag|qsc=1}}
===Etymology===
{{qsc-inh|a|ha}} {{cog|qsc|gwax|-ha}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA all|qsc|[a˧]}}

===Particle===
{{head|qsc|particle}}

# ''ergative particle''
#: ''class-1''
#:: {{ux|qsc|C'en íūnemiats íūlēl '''a''' xeýan ez'e yan' bāuñ.|The official can't help but laugh at the old fool's demands.}}
#: ''class-2''
#:: {{ux|qsc|Nuc' sehiux '''a''' Tsuc'o Asuïca?|Can Tsuc'o and I play with Asuïca?}}
# ''accusative particle''
#: ''class-1''
#:: {{ux|qsc|Sutxi miulah āhcormiuei '''a''' Āyan.|The doctor recommends that you pray to Ayan.}}
#: ''class-2''
#:: {{ux|qsc|Xeý xeý xíc' xad '''a''' jál ziñué.|Someone really needs to discipline those little brats.}}
# {{lb|qsc|informal}} ''separating particle''
#: {{ux|qsc|Xen culec' huuc' hab hej '''a''' jál.|I didn't expect your mother to see that.}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Noun particles
|-
! !! {{gcl|ERG}}/{{gcl|ACC}} !! {{gcl|GEN}}/{{gcl|DAT}} !! {{gcl|INDEF}}/{{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|LOC}}/{{gcl|INAL}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}}
| rowspan="3" | '''a''' || {{term|en}} || rowspan="3" | {{term|ez'}} || {{term|he}}
|-
! {{gcl|2}}
| {{term|nej}} || {{term|hej}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL1}}/{{gcl|CL2}}
| {{term|nu}} || {{term|hé}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL3}}
| {{term|al}} || {{term|nil}} || rowspan="3" | {{term|ez'e}} || {{term|hel}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL4}}
| {{term|ax}} || {{term|nux}} || {{term|hex}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL5}}
| {{term|ád}} || {{term|nid'}} || {{term|hed'}}
|}

==Jokelang 2==
===Pronunciation===
{{jl-two-ipa|ʌ}}

===Particle===
{{head|jl-two|particle}}

# ''American plural particle''
#: {{ux|jl-two|'''A''' whettlenicks like huzzah zoinks, slappen whoodle ey oh jonklerter.|Right before the sheriff'''s''' shot into the ceiling, they saw that they celebrated too soon.}}

Contionary:a

2025-04-08T23:50:09Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

: ''See also:'' '''{{term|á}}''', '''{{term|â}}''', '''{{term|à}}''', '''{{term|ä}}''', '''{{term|ą}}''', and '''{{term|-a}}'''
==Avendonian==
===Pronunciation===
{{av-IPA|a}}
===Etymology 1===
{{av-lat|ad|ad}}
====Preposition====
'''a'''
# to, toward
#:''Vi gamos '''a''''l stade.''
#:: We go '''to''' the city.
[[Category:Avendonian prepositions]]
===Etymology 2===
{{av-pgmc|ahwō}}
====Noun====
{{av-nf|e}}# river
#:''La '''a''' abe filo vatro.''
#:: The '''river''' has a lot of water.

==Bearlandic==
===Pronunciation===
(''Bearlandic'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aː/
===Numeral===
'''a'''

# one
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Bearlandic numerals]] [[Category:Bearlandic words]]

==[[Braereth]]==
[[Category: Contionary]]
[[Category: Braereth words]]
[[Category: Braereth adpositions]]
{{Template: Braereth Dialects|a|a|a|a, ə|a|a|a|a}}

===Etymology===
From [[w: Latin|Latin]] '''''[[wikt: ad|ad]]'''''

===Adposition===
'''a'''
# at, to, in
#: ''A dative pronoun. ''''[[Contionary: ath#Braereth|Ath]]'''' when followed by a vowel.''

====Related Terms====
* '''''[[Contionary: ath#Braereth|ath]]''''' ‘to’

==[[Brooding]]==
[[Category:Brooding words]]
[[Category:Brooding particles]]

===Alternative forms===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|align="right" valign="top"| Extended ASCII Form: || '''a'''
|-
|align="right" valign="top"| Abjad ASCII Form: || '''a'''
|}

===Pronunciation===
(''Brooding'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ɑ/

===Particle===
'''a'''
* do!
* do it!

===Usage Notes===
This is an imperative marker which indicates that a following verb is a command. See '''[[Brooding#Commands|Verbs › Commands]]''' for usage.

==Esmitan==
===Etymology===
From old Esmitan ''{{term|a}}''.

===Pronunciation===
(''Esmitan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/ [ʔa]

===Article===
# (''no longer [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#productive|productive]], used in [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#set_phrase|set phrases]]'') the

== [[Interlingua]]==
=== Etymology ===
from Latin [[wikt:ad|ad]] ("to")

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/a/|lang=ia}}

===Preposition===

# to, at
# to, for (indicating purpose)
#: ''sala '''a''' attender''
#:: waiting room''

====Derived terms====
* {{C|a in}}
* {{C|al}}

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Interlingua prepositions]] [[Category:Interlingua words]]

==Toki Pona==
===Etymology===
onomatopoeia. Created by Sonja Lang pre-pu.

===Pronunciation===
(''Toki Pona'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/
===Particle===
'''a'''

# ''placed after something for emphasis or emotion''
# ah, oh, ha, eh, um, oy

[[Category:Toki Pona particles]] [[Category:Toki Pona words]]

==Grekelin==
===Pronunciation (IPA)===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/, [ɑ]

===Etymology===
From [[Old Grekelin]] ''να'', cognate with Greek ''να'' (na), Mariupol Greek ''на'' (na), all stemming from Ancient Greek ''ἵνα'' (hina). Not related to Hungarian ''az'' (The definite article).

===Particle===
# Used to form the infinitive of some verbs, similar to the English ''to'':
#: '''''A''' zsei kapkja i '''a''' uck zsei?''   (To live or not to live)
#: ''Repato '''a''' töró.''   (I am going to eat)

# Used to form the imperative on most verbs:
#: '''''A''' hagyde!''   (Leave!)
#: '''''A''' fere eis mei e leveszi''   (Bring me the soup)

[[Category:Grekelin lemmas]]
[[Category:Grekelin words]]
[[Category:Grekelin words inherited from Greek]]
[[Category:Grekelin particles]]

==Modern Gallaecian==
===Pronunciation===
{{mg-IPA|pos=conj}}
===Conjunction===
{{head|cel-gal|conjunction}}
# {{n-g|Subordinate clause marker}}; that, which
#: {{ux|cel-gal|'''A''' benedes uba querdó.|I believe '''that''' you stayed here.}}

==Reneissan==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
From Latin ''ad''

===Pronunciation===
(''Reneissan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /a/

===Preposition===
'''a'''
# to, at

==== Derived terms ====
When followed by a definite article, ''a'' is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! a + article !! combined form
|-
| a + {{C|il}} || {{C|al}}
|-
| a + {{C|i}} || {{C|ai}}
|-
| a + {{C|la}} || {{C|alla}}
|-
| a + {{C|lai}} || {{C|allai}}
|-
| a + {{C|l'}} || {{C|all'}}
|-
| a + {{C|lais}} || {{C|allais}}
|}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Reneissan prepositions]][[Category:Reneissan words]]

==Soc'ul'==
{{wacag|qsc=1}}
===Etymology===
{{qsc-inh|a|ha}} {{cog|qsc|gwax|-ha}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA all|qsc|[a˧]}}

===Particle===
{{head|qsc|particle}}

# ''ergative particle''
#: ''class-1''
#:: {{ux|qsc|C'en íūnemiats íūlēl '''a''' xeýan ez'e yan' bāuñ.|The official can't help but laugh at the old fool's demands.}}
#: ''class-2''
#:: {{ux|qsc|Nuc' sehiux '''a''' Tsuc'o Asuïca?|Can Tsuc'o and I play with Asuïca?}}
# ''accusative particle''
#: ''class-1''
#:: {{ux|qsc|Sutxi miulah āhcormiuei '''a''' Āyan.|The doctor recommends that you pray to Ayan.}}
#: ''class-2''
#:: {{ux|qsc|Xeý xeý xíc' xad '''a''' jál ziñué.|Someone really needs to discipline those little brats.}}
# {{lb|qsc|informal}} ''separating particle''
#: {{ux|qsc|Xen culec' huuc' hab hej '''a''' jál.|I didn't expect your mother to see that.}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Noun particles
|-
! !! {{gcl|ERG}}/{{gcl|ACC}} !! {{gcl|GEN}}/{{gcl|DAT}} !! {{gcl|INDEF}}/{{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|LOC}}/{{gcl|INAL}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}}
| rowspan="3" | '''a''' || {{term|en}} || rowspan="3" | {{term|ez'}} || {{term|he}}
|-
! {{gcl|2}}
| {{term|nej}} || {{term|hej}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL1}}/{{gcl|CL2}}
| {{term|nu}} || {{term|hé}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL3}}
| {{term|al}} || {{term|nil}} || rowspan="3" | {{term|ez'e}} || {{term|hel}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL4}}
| {{term|ax}} || {{term|nux}} || {{term|hex}}
|-
! {{gcl|CL5}}
| {{term|ád}} || {{term|nid'}} || {{term|hed'}}
|}

==Jokelang 2==
===Pronunciation===
{{jl-two-ipa|ʌ}}

===Particle===
{{head|jl-two|particle}}

# ''American plural particle''
#: {{ux|jl-two|'''A''' whettlenicks like huzzah zoinks, slappen whoodle ey oh jonklerter.|Right before the sheriff'''s''' shot into the ceiling, they saw that they celebrated too soon.}}

Contionary:-ψ

2025-04-08T23:49:28Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-ų

2025-04-08T23:48:55Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-ĸ

2025-04-08T23:48:32Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-įĸ

2025-04-08T23:48:05Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-į

2025-04-08T23:47:35Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-ą

2025-04-08T23:47:01Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-ä

2025-04-08T23:46:33Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-ta

2025-04-08T23:46:02Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==Sintsiran==
===Etymology===
{{Ssr-et-i|-teh₂|''noun suffix''}}
===Suffix===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''{{#invoke:getn|show_list|f}}''
# ''An noun suffix referring to the state of something''
==== Declension ====
{{Ssr-n-1-ns|-t|a}}

Contionary:-s

2025-04-08T23:45:31Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==Hyperborean Code==
===Etymology===
From Diluvian ''[[Contionary:-car|-car]]''.

===Pronunciation===
*[[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /s/

===Particle===
'''-s'''

# indicates the nominative

====Usage notes====
====Inflection====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Hyperborean Code particles]] [[Category:Hyperborean Code words]]

==Sintsiran==
===Etymology 1===
{{Ssr-et-i|-kos|''adjectival suffix''}}
===Suffix===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''feminine'' '''-ka''')
# ''An adjectival suffix denoting character or relation.
==== Declension ====
{{Ssr-adj-2-s|-s|-s|-su|-k}}
===Etymology 2===
{{Ssr-et-i|-os|''suffix''}}
===Suffix===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ''{{#invoke:getn|show_list|m}}''
# ''A suffix creating nouns from verbs.
==== Declension ====
{{Ssr-n-2-m|-|-|-|s||}}

Contionary:-oψ

2025-04-08T23:44:54Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-o

2025-04-08T23:44:27Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==[[Valtamic]]==
===Etymology===
From Proto-Valtamic ''*-o'', ''*-u'', from a merger of [[w:Proto-Italic language|Proto-Italic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō|*-āō]]'', ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ēō|*-ēō]]'', and ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-eō|*-eō]]''. Cognate with [[w:Latin|Latin]] ''[[wikt:-o#Latin|-ō, -āre]]'' and ''[[wikt:-eo#Latin|-eō, -ēre]]''.

====Pronunciation====
* (''Standard Valtamic'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: /-o/, (low-harmony) /-ɔ/; [ˌ-ɔ], (low-harmony) [ˌ-ɔ̞]

====Verb====
'''-o''' (''high-harmony'' '''-ou''', ''middle-harmony'' '''-o''', ''low-harmony'' '''-o''')
# used to derive verbs
#: ''{{c|namän}}'' ("name") + '''''-o''''' → ''{{c|namo}}'' ("to call, name")
#: ''{{c|fytryr}}'' ("part") + '''''-o''''' → ''{{c|fëtro}}'' ("to share, split")
# used to form the infinitive and gerund forms of verbs
[[Category:Contionary]]
[[Category:Valtamic lemmas|o]]

Contionary:-nų

2025-04-08T23:43:56Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-nį

2025-04-08T23:43:28Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-ną

2025-04-08T23:42:55Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-n

2025-04-08T23:42:03Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-es

2025-04-08T23:41:31Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-en

2025-04-08T23:40:24Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==Sintsiran==
===Etymology===
{{Ssr-et-i|-iHnos|''adjectival suffix''}}
===Suffix===
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''feminine'' '''-ena''')
# ''An adjectival suffix denoting composition or character''
==== Declension ====
{{Ssr-adj-2-s|-en|-en|-enu|-en}}
==Skundavisk==
===Etymology===
From Middle Skundavisk ''-en'', a merger of various Old Skundavisk verbal or case endings.

===Pronunciation===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ən/

===Suffix===
'''-en'''

# ''(used to form the infinitive of verbs)''
#:'' komm'''en''' .''
#:: ''to come.''

# ''(used to indicate the 1st and 3rd person plural forms)''
#:'' Wi mak'''en'''.''
#:: ''We make.''

# ''(appended to adjectives in the definite common and genitive cases)''
#:'' Ðe skøn'''en''' bloomen.''
#:: ''The beautiful flowers.''

====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Skundavisk words]] [[Category:Skundavisk suffixes]]

Contionary:-el

2025-04-08T23:39:46Z

Kaw57: this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

==Central Isles Creole==
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA all|loxw|[e̞˥l]}}

===Suffix===
# {{alt form|loxw|-l|}}

[[Category:Central Isles Creole suffixes]]
[[Category:Central Isles Creole terms from Knrawi]]
[[Category:Central Isles Creole lemmas]]

Contionary:-e

2025-04-08T23:38:42Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

{{nm-header|-ʲə}}
{{nm-got|-𐌴𐌹#Gothic|-ei}}
{{Nm-noun-fNE|-|(''suffix'') ''Forms abstract nouns from words (mostly adjectives) which represent "the state, quality or measure of" the word: -th, -ness, -ity.''}}
====Derived terms====

[[Category:Niemish words suffixed with -e]]
[[Category:Contionary]]

Contionary:-dä

2025-04-08T23:38:03Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-do

2025-04-08T23:37:28Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-de

2025-04-08T23:36:57Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

Contionary:-a

2025-04-08T23:36:14Z

Kaw57: /* Kathyrian */ this version of Kathyrian has been retconned out of existence and thus shan't have any morphemes stored on Linguifex

''See also:'' '''{{term|a}}'''



==Grekelin==
===Pronunciation (IPA)===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: (Standard Grekelin) /a/, [ɑ]
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: (South Slavic Grekelin) [ɑ]
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: (North Slavic Grekelin) [a]

===Etymology===
A fusion of Medieval Greek ''-ος'' (-os) and ''-ας'' (as), with the loss of final -s during the early stages and the raising of ''o'' > ''a'' in most dialects, ultimately inherited from Proto-Indo-European ''*-os'' and cognate with Latin ''-us'', Icelandic ''-ur'' and Italian ''-o''.

===Suffix===
'''-a'''

# Used to form first declension nouns, declined like "gnudzsa".

# Used to form agent nouns on certain weak verbs
#: ''darao'' (To perform an action, intervene) > ''darata'' (Action, combat)

[[Category:Grekelin lemmas]]
[[Category:Grekelin words]]
[[Category:Grekelin words inherited from Greek]]
[[Category:Grekelin suffixes]]

Kathyrian

2025-01-02T13:00:56Z

Kaw57:

'''Kathyrian''' (natively ''Käþirjaĸen'' [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn]) is a language spoken in Kathyria. Documentation of the language can be found [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Kathyrian here]. It should be noted a major difference between this Kathyria and canon Kathyria: canon Kathyria is an island nation near Greece, whereas this Kathyria is on a mountain in a taiga forest and is shaped like the canon Island of Kathyria.
{{Infobox language
| name = Kathyrian
| nativename = Käþirjaĸen
| pronunciation = [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn]
| creator = [[User:Kaw57|kaw57]]
| created = 2024 Dec
| states = Kathyria
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = Indo-European
| fam2 = Kathyric
| script1 = [[Kathyrian alphabet]]
| notice = IPA
}}

Kathyrian

2025-01-02T12:59:35Z

Kaw57:

'''Kathyrian''' (natively ''Käþirjaĸen'' [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn]) is a language spoken in Kathyria. Documentation of the language can be found [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Kathyrian here]. It should be noted a major difference between this Kathyria and canon Kathyria: canon Kathyria is an island nation near Greece, whereas this Kathyria is on a mountain in a taiga forest and is shaped like the canon Island of Kathyria.
{{Infobox language
| name = Kathyrian
| altname =
| nativename = Käþirjaĸen
| image =
| imagecaption =
| pronunciation = [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn]
| creator = [[User:Kaw57|kaw57]]
| created = 2024 Dec
| states = Kathyria
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = Indo-European
| fam2 = Kathyric
| fam3 = '''Kathyrian'''
| script1 = [[Kathyrian alphabet]]
| notice = IPA
}}

Contionary:alpal

2024-12-26T03:31:26Z

Kaw57: Undo revision 402475 by Kaw57 (talk)

Contionary:alpal

2024-12-26T03:31:03Z

Kaw57: