{{ClassMeter
| Name = Pupupulandish
| NativeName = Hakaagui Pupupu
| Type = agglutinative
| Alignment = Nominative-accusative
|adjective = initial
|adposition = initial
|adverb = initial
|article = initial
|relativeclause = initial
|nounclause = initial
|order = SVO
| Tonal = no
| Declensions = no
| Conjugations = yes
| Genders = None
| Nouns decline according to...
| Case =
| Number =
| Definiteness =
| Gender =
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice = no
| Mood = no
| Person = yes
| Number = yes
| Tense = no
| Aspect = yes
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology =
|NounCases =
|NounDef =
|NounNumbers =
|NounGender =
|VerbPerson =
|VerbNumber =
|VerbAspect =
|VerbTense =
|VerbMood =
|VerbVoice =
|AdjCase =
|AdjNumber =
|AdjDef =
|AdjGen =
|AdjComparative =
|AdjSuperlative =
|AdjGen =
|Supine =
|Gerund =
|Participle =
|Infinitive =
|Modality =
|Words =
}}
'''Pupupulandish''' is the language of Pupupu Land, however, it might not be the only language used in Pupupu Land, It it said that there's at least one another language, called the "Cappish" language, which is a language said to be used by the Cappies, especially those unfriendly, capped "feral" Cappies.

==Background==
This is a fan language for Hoshi no Kirby series, I don't own these words or other contents of them, copyrights of the words belong to Nintendo.

I don't play much games of the Hoshi no Kirby series, so only a handful words are created, some of them are derivated from names in the Hoshi no Kirby series, but others are a priori.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental-Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Dorsal/Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
| m
| n
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
| p b
| t d
| k g
|-
! style="" |Fricative/Approximant
| w
|
| j h
|-
! style="" |Liquid
|
| r l
|
|}

===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| i
|
| u
|-
! style="" |Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| a
|
|}

Vowel length is contrasive.

/ə/ is transcripted as <ë>; and /j/ is transcripted as <y>, long vowels may be indicated by writting the same vowel twice, or by <:>.

===Phonotactics===
The basic syllable structure is (C)V(V)(C), however, due to the influence of Cappish, speeches of some speakers may use consonant clusters.

only /l/ and /n/ can end a syllable, and /l/ cannot be followed by other consonants inside a word.

==Basic grammar==
Pupupulandish is mainly a head-marking language, the basic Word order is SVO(Subject-Verb-Object-Complements), adpositions are prepositions, demonstratives and Relative clauses follow the noun phrase they modify.

Triplication of a monosyllabic word is used to form Proper names, for example, Pupupu(derivated from pu), Dedede(derivated from de), Popopo(derivated from po)

===Words===
====Nouns====
Nouns are inflected for possessedness, below is the list for possessive prefixes:
*1st person singular: naa-/nah-
*2nd person singular: maa-/mah-
*1st person plural: nia-/nih-
*2nd person plural: mia-/mih-
*3rd person: ha-

====Verbs====
=====Agreements=====
*Subject agreement prefixes:
**1st person singular: n/na-
**2nd person singular: m/ma-
**1st person plural: ni-
**2nd person plural: mi-
**2nd person singular imperative: k-/ka-
**2nd person plural imperative: ki-
*Object agreement prefixes:
**1st person: ne-
**2nd person: me-
*Object plural suffix(used with Object agreement prefixes to indicate that the object is plural, the object is singular when it is not sued): -i

Order of Verbal agreement affixes: (Subject agreement prefixes)-(Object agreement prefixes)-Verb Stem-(Object plural suffix)

=====Aspects=====
Continuative is formed by reduplication of the stem, when the stem starts and ends with vowels, the final vowel of the first part of the reduplicated stem should be deleted:
*Popopo adu ha-du Meta - Kirby sees/saw the eyes of Meta Knight
*Popopo ad-adu ha-du Meta - Kirby looks/looked at the eyes of Meta Knight
*Dedede agui - Dedede says/said
*Dedede agu-agui - Dedede says/said continuously
*ma-ne-adu - You sees/saw me
*ma-ne-ad-adu - You looks/looked at me

===Nominal and Relative Clauses===
Nominal and Relative Clauses start with the complementizer ni

==Vocabulary==
#Stone: bu:
#Ball: po
#Land: pu
#Dream: pu/upu
#To sleep: anupu
#Head/upside: upo
#Back: mo/pumo
#Front: me/pume
#Face: ume
#Back(bodypart): umo
#Inside: li/puli
#Outside: ga/puga
#Brain/mind: upoli
#Waddle doo/dee-shaped beings: wadë(-l)(<wa-dal)
#To wander: dal
#Leg/Foot: udal
#Eye: du:/udu:
#Two eyes: di:/udi: (possibly from du:-i, where -i is a possible dual suffix)
#Bad-tempered: de
#Be angry: dede
#Blue: lo
#Red: la
#Be blue: lolo
#Be red: lala
#Sky; day: bula
#Yesterday: bulame
#Tomorrow: bulamo
#Eat; inhale: abi:
#Mouth: bi:
#Tongue: gui
#To say/to speak: agui
#Speech/word/language: kaagui
#Tree/wood/forest: ba
#Forest: baga
#To stand: aba
#Group: ga
#Dense; grouped: gaga
#To gather: gaga
#A mass/lump of things: kërakë
#Glunk(an sea anemone-like being in Kirby's world): gërunkë(gërunëkë<gëru-nakë)
#Fly: ronto
#Wing: burtë
#Hand/arm: bu/ubu
#Feater: rutë
#To swim: lipa:
#At/in/to/that(complementizer/relativizer)/in order to(in this usage, the verb following "ni" is deranked)/than(A X ni B = A is more X than B): ni
#After: moni
#Before: meni
#Then: moni na
#To exist/ There's: ani
#To see/to find/to discover: adu
#Be round: popo
#To use: abu
#To handle/to treat: gadu
#To roll: apo
#to give: buni(<bu-ni)
#to go to: dali(<dal-ni)
#Drink: gëru
#To erupt: nakë
#Hello: hai
#This: yo(This is = yoe)
#That: na(That is/it is/is = nae)
#Here/This spot: puyo
#Be strong: meta
#I/me: ma(I'm = mae)
#Thou/thee(2nd singular): ta(Thou art = tae)
#We/us: mama(We are = mamae)
#Ye/you(2nd plural): tata(Ye are = matae)
#who/what?: wata
#Question mark(added at the end of a sentence, forms a yes/no question when there are no other interrogative words): ga
#no/be not: ie(I'm not = maie; Thou art not = taie; We are not mamaie; ye are not = tataie; This is not = yoie; That is not/isn't = nie)
#don't/not exist: no
#To lead/to rule/to conduct: anupo
#To follow: amo
#To think/to consider/to reckon: apoli
#To remember/to mean: gapoli
#To know/can/be able to: gadu
#To want: apobu
#Cappy: kapi
#Capless and friendly cappy(especially those who live in the Cappy village): pupu
#To fight against: bato
#Mountain/Hill: onda
#And: an
#Popon: Popon
#Zebon: bon/reban
#To shoot: abon
#To explode/to burst: api
#Bomb: popi
#Purple: lola
#Waddle dee: wadël di:
#Waddle doo: wadël du:
#Kabu: ka-bu:
#Dekabu: de-kabu:
#Blipper: bu-lipa:(>blipa: )
#Bronto burt: bu-ronto burtë(>bronto burtë)
#water: wa
#fruit: poko(po+ko)/ko-(ko- prefix used for fruit names)
#apple: koba(ko+ba)
#watermelon: kowa(ko+wa)
#Poppy Bros. Jr. : ka-popi
#Wind: hu
#To blow/to puff: ahu
#[[:w:c:kirby:Whispy Woods|Whispy Woods]]: bahu(ba+hu)
#To be beneficial for/to be beneficial to/be good for/to cause/to be a reason of: bene
#To trade with/to exchange: aden
#To be valuable/money: denden

===Proper names===
*Kirby: popopo/kaabi:
*King dedede: dedede
*Pupupu Land: pupupu
*Pop Star: popu(>popë/pop)
*babagahara: ha-pu babaga
*lololo: lololo
*lalala: lalala
*lola: lola
*King Dedede's aircraft: ka-bula
*Meta Knight: Meta
*Kracko: kërak-o(>krako)

===Some possible affixes===
*One/thing that is related to ......: ka-/bu-/-o(-o seems to be a borrowing suffix)
*Dual(or plural) suffix: -i(it seems that this suffix is unproductive)
*Verbializer(used converting a noun into a verb): a-/an-
*Prefix for body parts: u-
*Intensifier/some kind of derivations: g-/ge-
*A group of/ a flock of: -ga

==Sample sentences==
* Popopo abi wadël di: - Kirby eats/ate a Waddle dee
* Popopo ronto-ronto ni bula - Kirby is flying in the sky
* Dedede dede - King Dedede is angry
* Popopo adu Dedede - Kirby sees/saw King Dedede
* Popopo dali Pupupu - Kirby goes/went to Pupupu land
* Ni bula ani bronto burtë - There are bronto burts in the sky
* Dedede adu ni Popopo ronto-ronto ni bula - Dedede sees/saw that Kirby is/was flying in the sky
* Popopo abi buronto burtë ni ronto-ronto - Kirby eats/ate the bronto burt, which is/was flying
* Popopo abi po yo ni dedede adu - Kirby eats/ate this ball/these balls, which King Dedede sees/saw
* Popopo adu wadël di: lala - Kirby sees/saw a red waddle dee/red waddle dees
* Wadël di: lala yo adu Dedede - This red waddle dee/these red waddle dees sees/see/saw King Dedede
* Popopo adu Dedede ni puyo - Kirby sees/saw Dedede at here
* Popopo nae Kaabi:, Kaabi: nae Popopo - Popopo is Kirby, Kirby is Popopo
* mae Meta, tae Popopo - I'm Meta Knight, thou art Kirby
* yoe naa-po, nae maa-po - This is my ball, that is thy ball
* po ni ma n-adu, nae Popopo - The ball which I see/saw is/was Kirby.
* na-me-adu - I see/saw thee
* ma-ne-adu - Thou seest/didst see me
* m-adu - Thou seest/didst see him/her/it/them
* me-adu - They sees/saw thee
* mi-adu - Ye see/saw him/her/it/them
* me-adu-i - He/She/It/They sees/see/saw you
* Popopo me-adu-i tata - Kirby sees/saw you
* Dedede me-buni ta ni na - King Dedede gives/gave it/that to thee
* Dedede me-buni-i tata ni na - King Dedede gives/gave it/that to you
* Dedede buni Meta ni na - King Dedede gives/gave it/that to Meta Knight
* Popopo no adu Dedede - Kirby don't/didn't see King Dedede
* na-no me-adu ta - I don't/didn't see thee
* nae ha-kabula Dedede - That's an/the airship of Dedede
* Popopo abi: wata ga? - What did Kirby eat?
* Popopo abi: kowa na ga? - Did Kirby eat that watermelon?
* kowa popo ni Popopo - The watermelon is more roundish than Kirby
* na-gadu abu kaabu na - I can use that tool
* Dedede agui "Mae Dedede, ha-kanupo Pupupu, ma n-anupo ha-kaamo Pupupu" - Dedede said: "I'm king Dedede, the headman of Pupupu land, I lead the folks of Pupupu land."
* Meta apobu adu Popopo - Meta Knight wants/wanted to see Kirby
* Meta apobu ni adu Popopo - Meta Knight wants/wanted to see Kirby
* Dedede apobu Meta adu Popopo - King Dedede wants/wanted Meta Knight to see Kirby
* Dedede apobu ni Meta adu Popopo - King Dedede wants/wanted Meta Knight to see Kirby
* n-abu kaabu yo ni adu Popopo ni ronto-ronto - I use/used this tool to see Kirby who's flying
* Popopo abi: buanupu, moni na Popopo anupu. - Kirby inhaled a Noddy(the enemy that gives Kirby the sleep ability), then he fell asleep.
* Popopo nae Kaabi:, Kaabi: nae Popopo - Popopo is Kirby, Kirby is Popopo
* Popopo bato Dedede ni onda Dedede - Kirby fight against Dedede on Mount Dedede
* Popopo agui "Poyo!" - kirby says/said "Poyo!"("Poyo" can mean "this ball" in Pupupulandish)
* Popopo, ka-no abi: na! - Kirby, don't eat that!

[[Category:Languages]]

2013-02-23T16:43:19Z

K1234567890y: Created page with "{{ClassMeter | Name = Nevotak language | NativeName = Nefotak Nuzh | Type = isolating | Alignment = Nominative-accusative |adjective = final |adp..."

{{ClassMeter
| Name = Nevotak language
| NativeName = Nefotak Nuzh
| Type = isolating
| Alignment = Nominative-accusative
|adjective = final
|adposition = mixed
|adverb = mixed
|article = final
|relativeclause = mixed
|nounclause = initial
|order = SVO
| Tonal = no
| Declensions = no
| Conjugations = no
| Genders = None
| Nouns decline according to...
| Case =
| Number =
| Definiteness =
| Gender =
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice =
| Mood =
| Person =
| Number =
| Tense =
| Aspect =
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology = 100
|NounCases = 100
|NounDef = 100
|NounNumbers = 100
|NounGender = 100
|VerbPerson = 100
|VerbNumber = 100
|VerbAspect = 100
|VerbTense = 100
|VerbMood = 100
|VerbVoice = 100
|AdjCase = 100
|AdjNumber = 100
|AdjDef = 100
|AdjGen = 100
|AdjComparative = 100
|AdjSuperlative = 100
|AdjGen = 100
|Supine = 100
|Gerund = 100
|Participle = 100
|Infinitive = 100
|Modality = 50
|Words = 500
}}

'''The Nevotak language''', also called '''The Koine Nevotak''' or simply '''Nevotak''', is the language of the Nevotak nation of Nevotacum beings in "The 8th World", and is the lingua franca of all nations of the iintellectual specie ''Lonnum nevotacum''(''L. nevotacum''/Nevotacum beings).

Like human beings, Nevotacum beings are divided into ethnic groups based on cultures, thus Nevotacum beings have many aspects comparable to human beings(''Homo sapiens''); however, unlike human beings, all species belonging to the genus ''Lonnum'', including ''L. nevotacum'', don't have sexual dimorphism and are strictly monogamous(in contrast, human beings not really monogamous and most of the nations and cultures of human bengs are at least historically polygynous), thus individuals of Nevotacum beings, no matter what ethnic groups they belong to, don't perform polygamy, however, individuals of Nevotacum beings can change their sex throughout their lifetimes and can even perform parthenogenesis, thus the gender of an individual is much less important and is not prominent.

After ''L. nevotacum'' had become extinct, The Nevotak language, along with other languages of ''L. nevotacum'' and [[yiqa' yiywos]], which is the language of ''Lonnum lonnum subsp. squamae'', became a classical language of the Long-longs(''Lonnum lonnum subsp. pilii'').

The Nevotak language is developed from Old Nevotak. Old Nevotak is used by Nevotaks only in some religious books and rituals, and has many inflections in its grammar, thus it is said that the Nevotak language is developed from a pidginized and widely used form of Old Nevotak due to the result of a meteor impact event.

==Background==
I(k1234567890y) created this language for group of Intellectual beings in one of my conworlds.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Labial
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental-Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar/Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar/Glottal
|-
! style="" |Nasal
| m
| n
|
|
|-
! style="" |Plosive
| b
| t d
|
| k
|-
! style="" |Fricative
| f
| s z
|
| h
|-
! style="" |Affricate
|
| ts
| tʃ ʤ~ʒ
|
|-
! style="" |Sonorant
| w
| r
| j
|
|}

The pronunciation of /r/ is similar to that of japanese, it is not normally a trill.

===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| i
| u
|-
! style="" |Mid
| e
| o
|-
! style="" |Open
| a
|
|}

===Phonotactics===
Syllable Structure:(C)V(V)(C)

/f/, /d/ and /h/ don't end a syllable.

===Romanization===
The romanization of the Nevotak language is shown below:
*A - /a/
*B - /b/
*CH - /tʃ/
*D - /d/
*E - /e/
*F - /f/
*H - /h/
*I - /i/
*K - /k/
*M - /m/
*N - /n/
*O - /o/
*R - /r/
*S - /s/
*T - /t/
*TZ - /ts/
*U - /u/
*W - /w/
*Y - /j/
*Z - /z/
*ZH - /ʤ~ʒ/

==Basic grammar==
The basic word order of the Nevotak language is SVO, however, OSV and VSO are acceptable; Adjectives, Genitives, Demonstratives and Numerals are placed before the noun they modify; Adverbs modifying adjectives are normally placed before the adjective they modify, and adverbials modifying verbs are placed before or after the verb they modify, however, adverbs derivated from adjectives are normally placed before the verb they modify. Negation words are placed before the word they negate.

The Nevotak language has no inflections, and it has only a few derivations. Besides, actual meanings of sentences frequently depend on the context they appear.

===Words===
====Verbs====
Verbs don't conjugate, the time of a proposition is indicated by the context or by using adverbial phrases.

There are no copulae in Nevotak.

====Nouns, Pronouns and Demonstratives====
Nouns don't have cases, numbers, genders, etc, they don't even exist in pronouns, however, in the formal register of Nevotak, pronouns and demonstratives have the distinction between singular, dual and plural numbers.

There are no articles, demonstratives and numerals come before the noun they modify, demonstratives are deictically non-contrastive, however, speakers may use adjectives to express deictic contrasts.

Cardinal numbers can be used with "chi", and can also be used without "chi".

====Adjectives====
Adjectives are not distinguish from adverbs.

Comparatives came be formed with the verb "tar" by the structure S+Adj+"tar"+O, "tar" is a verb which means "to go through; to exceed; to undergo". For example:

*wa ke tar res - "you are taller than him." At here, ke means "tall"

Superlatives can be formed by using the phrase i-has("first"). For example:
*wa i has ke - "you are the tallest."

===Adpositional Phrases===
The Nevotak language don't have adpositions, but uses serial verb constructions, verbs and nouns might be used as adpositions, adpositional verbs are similar to "prepositions", phrases containing adpositional verbs are considered as "prepositional" phrases; while adpositional nouns are similar to "postpositions", phrases containing adpositional nouns are considered as "postpositional" phrases. Adpositional nouns and verbs can be used togather, when a phrase containing both adpositional verbs and nouns, it is considered as a "prepositional" phrase, not a "postpostional" phrase.

"prepositional" phrases are normally placed after the main verb of a sentence, while "postpositional" phrases are normally placed between the subject and the main verb of a sentence. for example:

*res hoz zibre en zuh - he/she/it/they watch(es)/watched birds by the lake
*res zuh kin hoz zibre - he/she/it/they watch(es)/watched birds by the lake
*res hoz zibre en zuh kin - he/she/it/they watch(es)/watched birds by the lake
*ur hoz res bek tifer - I/we watch him/her/it/them eating fruit(s)
*ur zuz bek tifer - I/we want to eat fruit(s)

"res" means "he/she/it/they"; "zibre" means "bird"; "hoz" means "to watch"; "zuh" means "lake"; "kin" means "surrounding"; "en" means "to be at (somewhere)"; "ur" means "I/we"; "bek" means "to eat"; and "tifer" means "fruit".

===Possessive===
Possessors come before the noun they modify, one may simply place the possessor before the possessed noun, or put the word "re" between the possessor and the possessed noun.

===Relative and Nominal Clauses===
The Nevotak language has prenominal and postnominal relative clauses, postnominal relative clauses are normally started with the word "res" or "hat", or ended with the word "tak"; prenominal relative clauses are ended with the word "bi" or "re" or nothing at all, however, a prenominal relative clause without any ending word are frequently seen as a modifying component of a compound word. For example, all the phrases below can mean "the meat the king had eaten":
*riba kezh bek tak
*riba res kezh bek
*riba hat kezh bek
*kezh bek riba
*kezh bek re riba
*kezh bek bi riba
"kezh" means "king"; "bek" means "to eat"; "riba" means "meat"

As for nominal clauses, one may simply use the whole sentence as a noun, without using any complementizers. For example, "res no kezh bek riba" means "he/she/it/they saw the king eating meat"(the sentence given here may also be interpreted as "he/she/it/they saw the meat that the king had eaten").

===Passive voice===
The verb "ez" ("to get") is used to form impersonal passives, one simply uses the OSV order to form personal passives. For example:
*ire ez bek - the fish is eaten (by someone).
*ire kezh bek - the fish is eaten by the king.

===Word formation===
Nevotak don't use derivations frequently(although there are relics of older derivative methods), so conversion is frequently used to form a new word. For example:
*The word "kezh" means "respected one" or "king", and one may say "ur kezh res"(lit: I/we "king" him/her/it/them) to mean "we make him be the king".
*The word "zhuk" means "important", and one may say "res zhuk hat" to mean "he/she/it/they make(s) that important" or "he/she/it/they emphasize(s) that"

The word "tak" is placed after verbs and adjectives to mean "one that ......" or "a/the ... one". For example:
*uis tak - "a sad one" / "one that is sad"
*zik tak - "a red/injured one" / "one that is injured" / "one that hurts"
*bek riba tak - "one that eats meat"

One may put two adjectives with opposite meanings togather to indicate the characteristics of them. For example: "hosbi"(from hos "good" + bi "bad") and "bihos" mean "quality" or "morality", "marnis"(from mar "big" + nis "small" ) means "size", keim(from ke "high" + im "low, keep a low profile, not to show off" ) means "height", "haztok"(from haz "far" + tok "near, to come, to serve" ) means "distance", and both of the word "abdet"(from ab "old" + det "young") and the word "detab"(from det+ab) mean "age".

==Sample Texts==
===The Tower of Babel===
# hu toizat re hi nuzh-rira es hi nuz-ub-rira.
# res muz bi kezhar re chin, res en Shinar wai no hi koria es ya hatwai.
# res muis nuz "tok, hatiz ur es wa teuz duzmeh hu enu res", es res nom duzmeh nai tom, nom duzhiru nai rairu.
# res muis nuz "tok, hatiz ur teuz hi kinizh es hi hozreh, hat hozreh we tok toi, es hatiz ur kium to hi ben, bar ur muis haz ez fohiz en hu toizat.
# Adim dik tok no hat itak dazro teuz bi hat kinizh es hat hozreh.
# Adim nuz "hoz! hat itak hito, zab itak nom hi nuzh; es res hi muz hat rih, un nure has hum res muz res esu muz tak re rih."
# Tok! hatiz ur dik, es hatwai madoz res nuzh, en hat bak res nu ubnez muis nuzh.
# Ta hat, Adim fohiz res bi hatwai en toizat zab zat, es res haz nu teuz hat kinizh
# Ta hat bi, hat hozreh re ben ez bez Babel; Ta Adim hatwai madoz toizat itak re nuzh fohiz res bi hatwai en toizat zab zat.

[[Category:Languages]]